anthrax control program 4-h veterinary science extension veterinary medicine texas agrilife...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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Anthrax Control Program
4-H Veterinary ScienceExtension Veterinary Medicine
Texas AgriLife Extension ServiceCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science
Texas A&M Systemhttp://aevm.tamu.edu
Objectives
Understand that because anthrax has been a reportable disease, it has been controlled
Understand that surveillance of a disease prevents its spread
ReportableBacterial diseaseWorldwide distributionEndemic to U.S.
Triangle of Uvalde, Ozona, Eagle Pass, TX
Affects numerous animal speciesPrimarily domestic and wild livestock Zoonotic
Causative Agent
Bacterium - Bacillus anthracis
Vegetative bacteria in animal
Spore bacteria in environment
Transmission
Spores leave dead animal via hemorrhagic exudates Mouth, nose, anus and vulva Contain large numbers of bacteria
Contaminated soil Spores remain viable for decades
Soil-borne – summer drought, following rains
Soil-borne – summer rain, following drought
Usually ingestion of sporesIncubation period is 1-20 daysInfections apparent after 3-7 days
Diagnosis
Ruminants Sudden death Staggering Trembling Dyspnea Fever
Respiratory distress Convulsions Abortions Bloody discharge FATAL
Horses Sudden death Fever Chills Anorexia Depression
Severe colicBloody diarrheaSwellingFATAL
Pigs Sudden death Mild, chronic infections Fever Swelling Enlarged lymph nodes Usually recover
Dead animals Sudden death – blood poisoning Rigor mortis absent Rapid decomposition – extreme bloat Dark blood Enlarged spleen Non-clotting blood
People Wound infections – carbuncles
Image Illustrates the Typical Bloated Decomposition with the
Fore Legs Separated and Raised
Bacterial Skin
Infection in Human
Microscopic Stained Bacteria in Characteristic Chains of Rods like Box Cars
Bacterial Disease in
Animals with Sudden Death
and Rapid Bloat
Decomposition
Infected Doe; Blood from Nasal Cavity to Soil
Prevention
Vaccinate livestock Sterne-strain
Live Endemic areas
Burn carcasses Do not move
Burn body remains Bones, antlers and horns
Regulation and Control
Texas FEAD Emergency Response Plan Identify positive animals and destroyReduce amount of time to get back test
resultsTrack origin of suspect animals
Burn carcass and beddingDon’t open carcass
Spores will not develop without oxygen Bacteria will decompose within a few days
Vaccination of herd requiredQuarantine of herd required for 10 days
after vaccination