The broad study of humankind The broad study of humankind around the world and throughout around the world and throughout

time. time.

ANTHROPOLOGYANTHROPOLOGY

Some Key QuestionsSome Key Questions• "What defines Homo sapiens?" • "Who are the ancestors of modern Homo

sapiens?"• "What are humans' physical traits?"• "How do humans behave?"• "Why are there variations and differences

among different groups of humans?"• "How has the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens

influenced its social organization and culture? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology

BRANCHESBRANCHES

ANTHROPOLOGY

PHYSICAL CULTURAL

• PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

– Evolution– Genetics– Adaptation & Variation– Primatology– Human fossils

• CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

– Cultural aspects of language & communication

– Kinship– Gender roles– Class– Ethnicity

Other Key AreasOther Key Areas

• Linguistic Anthropology – looks at the relationship between language (verbal and non-verbal) and culture

• Archaeology – looks at artifacts and other products of human material culture for clues to nutrition, symbols, art, written language, etc.

SCHOOLS OF THOUGHTSCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

FUNCTIONALISM STRUCTURALISMCULTURAL

MATERIALISM

FunctionalismFunctionalism• Considers a culture as an interrelated

whole

• Looks at the social functions (the roles and purpose) of institutions – ex. What purpose in society does education

serve? How does a family contribute to the overall stability of society?

– This school of thought in anthropology has similar characteristics to sociology

StructuralismStructuralism• Assumes that cultural forms are based on

common properties of the human mind. • Humans see all things as 2 forces that are

opposite to each other eg. Day and night• The goal of structuralism is to discover universal

principles of the human mind underlying each cultural trait and custom

• This school of thought in anthropology has similar characteristics to psychology

Cultural MaterialismCultural Materialism

• This school of thought believes that technology and economic factors are the most important factors shaping a culture (hence the term ‘materialism’).

IT’S COOL TO BE

DIFFERENT

Valentine’s Day in JapanValentine’s Day in Japan

• JAPAN – On Feb 14th a female gives a gift of chocolate (usually homemade) to a male and on Mar 14th (known as White Day) the male returns the gift to the female…essentially the female has chosen her own gift!

www.novareinna.com/festive/valworld.html

Balinese NamesBalinese NamesBirth order names enable a person's position in the familyto be immediately identified. It is automatically taken atbirth; even a stillborn child is named.

• 1st born: Wayan, Gede or Putu.

• 2nd born: Made, Nengah or Kadek.

• 3rd born: Nyoman or Komang.

• 4th born: Ketut.

• Then the names are repeated, so the fifth and ninth child is called Wayan, etc. The system resembles the endless cycles of rebirth, the repetitious days of the week and the music of the gamelan. There is no difference in birth order names for males and females.

http://www.murnis.com/culture/articlenamestitlesandcaste.htm

I AM CANADIANI AM CANADIAN• MOLSON CANADIAN RANT

• What symbols are connected with Canadian identity?

• Why do you believe The Rant was so effective as an advertising campaign?

• What does it say about Canadian culture with respect to our neighbours south of the border?

• Is it cool to be “Proud to be Canadian?”

Tim Horton’s Anthro CommercialsTim Horton’s Anthro Commercials

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqWLYCDG_6E&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aQkrV3ppAw&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mlfJ09WisQ

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE HUMAN?

WHERE, OH WHERE,

DID WE COME FROM???

HUMAN ORIGINSHUMAN ORIGINS• Evolution“DARWINISM”

Suggests that all species

originated from one

common ancestor and

through a series of

evolutionary changes and

adaptations became what

we are today.

• CreationismThe religious belief thatGod created the worldand the human species“God created man in the

image of himself, in the image of God he created him, male and female he created them.”

Genesis 1:26-28

Evolution in a NutshellEvolution in a Nutshell

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDJV00xDKJA

Creationism DebateCreationism Debate

Creationism vs Science Debate

KINSHIPKINSHIP• A family relationship based on blood,

adoption or marriage

• A central area of study in cultural anthropology as kinship affects social organization in all human groups

FICTIVE KIN:Acknowledging people as kin who are not biologically related ex. Best friend, Pet, Sister’s Boyfriend, etc.

Tracing KinshipTracing Kinship

• Matrilineal – tracing through the mother’s line

• Patrilineal – tracing through the father’s line

• Bilineal – tracing through both the mother and

father’s line