anthropology and prehistoric times
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Anthropology and Prehistoric Times. What’s a Theory?. The analysis of a set of facts and their relation to one another A scientifically acceptable principle offered to explain something. Two Evolution Theories. Creationism - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Anthropology and Prehistoric Times
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The analysis of a set of facts and their relation to one another
A scientifically acceptable principle offered to explain something
What’s a Theory?
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Creationism◦ Theory that the
various forms of life and the world were created by God
Two Evolution Theories
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Evolution◦ The idea that
different species developed, one from another, over long periods of time.
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The study of humans in the environment Physical Anthropology
◦ The study of human biological nature, heredity, abd evolution.
Anthropology
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Cultural Anthropology◦ The study of how people in other societies live,
and the effects that environments have on their life styles.
◦ Archeology: Branch of anthropology that attempts to find out what life was like in the past by examining things left behind by the people of a culture.
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Early Discoveries
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1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE
3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE
Paleolithic Age:( Old Stone Age )2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE
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“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age
2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
hunting (men) & gathering (women) small bands of 20-30 humans NOMADIC (moving from place to place)
Made tools
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4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.
Australopithecines
An Apposable Thumb
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HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” )
found in East Africa. created stone tools.
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Humans during this period found shelter in caves. Cave paintings left behind.
Purpose??
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1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )
Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology
First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )
BIPEDALISM
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Are we all Africans “under the skin”????
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200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )
Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )
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NEANDERTHALS: Neander Valley, Germany (1856)
First humans to bury their dead.
Made clothes from animal skins.
Lived in caves and tents.
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NEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/Tent
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CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )
By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.
WHY???
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70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
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“Neolithic” “New Stone” Age
10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE
Gradual shift from:
Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyle.Hunting/Gathering agricultural production and domestication of animals.
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8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE
Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.
SLASH-AND-BURN Farming
Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
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Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged.
9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq ) wheat
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8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants
Division of labor
Engaged in trade
Organized religion
Small military
12 cultivated crops
An obsidian dagger