antibiotics on pultry

7/31/2019 Antibiotics on Pultry

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Use of antibiotics in pig andpoultry farms in Malaysia

Wang Yan & Liang Juan Boo

Contents

Introduction & Objective

Type of Antibiotic used in Malaysia

Concentration of Tcs and SAs used in Malaysia


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Antibiotics are widely usedin livestock not only to treatillness and disease, butalso to promote growth andreduce stress.

Introduction

Pig farm Poultry farm

Poultry farm

Use of veterinary drugs as feed additive isbeing prohibited in EU countries (2006), but theyare still being use in most developing countries.

Farm folly? Animal antibiotic

use may contribute to microbial

resistance, making it important

to track these drugs.


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Annual consumption of antibiotics in

veterinary medicine in EuropeanUnion was estimated to be 4700 tons andUSA 13 million pounds.

And consumption for the two mostwidely used antibiotics, tetracyclines (TCs)and sulfonamides (SAs) are:

Holland and Belgium 200 tons eachDenmark and Switzerland 40 tons each.

The actual consumption of the aboveveterinary drugs in most developingcountries including Malaysia is not known

It is believed that intensive livestockfarming, particularly pig and poultry useconsiderably large quantity of these drugs.


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Most of the antibiotics are poorlyabsorbed by the animals

About 25% to 75% of the antibioticsexcreted unaltered via feces or urineand enter the environment mainly viathe application of manure for cropsproduction (Diaz-Cruz, et.al. 2003)

However, limited research has beenconducted on the use of antibiotic andtheir residue in developing countriesincluding Malaysia


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Objective

To investigate the status of use ofveterinary drugs, and their residues inthe feces from selected intensive pigand boiler farms in Peninsular Malaysia.

Twelve pig and poultry farms , representingthe various farm sizes/location will be selectedfor this survey.

Type of Antibiotic use in Malaysia


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Penang

Antibiotic in Pig Feed


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Antibiotic in Poultry Feed


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Antibiotic are widely used for pig andPoultry production due to their high efficiencyand low price.

Tetracycline, sulfonamide, penicillin andtylosin are the most widely used antibiotic inMalaysian pig and poultry farm.

Conclusion


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Samples collected include:

Feed

Feces

Concentration of Antibiotic in

Malaysian Pig and Boiler Farms

Laboratory analyses

Extraction of OTC and sulfachlorpyridazine will be

achieved by introducing 20 ml of ethyl acetate and 10 gof anhydrous Na2SO4 for solid sample. While thewastewater samples will be centrifuged prior to filterthrough 1.2 m glass-fiber filter

For the purification step, a cation-exchange solid-

phase extraction (SPE) column is used.

The TCs and SAs will be determined by liquidchromatography/electrospray-mass spectrometry(LC/ESI-MS) in positive-ion mode using a 2695 HPLC andZQ MS.

(Vet Food Agro Diagnostics (M) Sdn Bhd)


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LC-MS/MS chromatogram of TCs and SAs

Limit of TCs and SAs detection in LC-MS/MS

LC-MS/MS

Sulphonamides

Sulfadiazine Sulfamethazine Sulfadimethoxine Sulfachinoxalin

Limit of

detection (ng/g)

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

LC-MS/MS

Tetracyclines

Tetracycline Oxytetracycline Chlortetracycline Doxycycline

Limit of

detection (ng/g)

20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0


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Sample(Stage)

Sulfamethazine Tetracycline Chlortetracycline Oxytetracycline

Pig (weaner) 407.0 1481.7 20492.9 Not detected

Pig (grower) 51948.5 Not detected Not detected 205.4

Pig (finisher) 11624.2 72.9 323.0 54.8

Broiler(starter)

117.9 Not detected Not detected Not detected

Broiler(grower)

28791.1 Not detected 25.3 Not detected

Broiler(finisher)

969.7 7814.5 132046.6 43.1

Antibiotics concentrations (ng/g) in diets ofdifferent production stages of pig and poultry

Sample(Stage)

Sulfamethazine Tetracycline Chlortetracycline Oxytetracycline

Pig (weaner) 102 370 5123 Not detected

Pig (grower) 51948 Not detected Not detected 205

Pig (finisher) 34873 219 969 164

Broiler(starter)

7 Not detected Not detected Not detected

Broiler(grower)

4319 Not detected 4 Not detected

Broiler(finisher)

194 1563 26409 9

Estimated antibiotics consumption (g) ofdifferent production stages of pig and poultry


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Antibiotics concentrations (ng/g) in feces ofdifferent production stages of pig and poultry

Sample(Stage)

Sulfamethazine Chlortetracycline Doxycycline

Pig (weaner) 44.4 23.9 Not detected

Pig (grower) 38.5 66.3 Not detected

Pig (finisher) 130.0 129.2 Not detected

Broiler(starter)

62.2 45.1 271.9

Broiler(grower)

380.4 Not detected Not detected

Broiler(finisher)

103.0 Not detected Not detected


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Conclusion

The survey farms used high concentration of

Sulfamethazine (51948.5 ng/g in pig grower and11624.2 ng/g in pig finisher) and Chlortetracycline(132046.6 ng/g in boiler finisher) in diet of pig andpoultry.

High consumption of Sulfamethazine (51948 g inpig grower and 34873 g in pig finisher) andChlortetracycline (26409 g in boiler finisher) werefound in diet of pig and poultry.

High concentration of Sulfamethazine (130 ng/g inpig finisher) and Chlortetracycline (129.2 ng/g in pigfisher and 380.4 ng/g in boiler grower ) in the pig andboiler feces in the surveyed farm.

antibiotics on pultry

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