antiseptics and disinfectants
TRANSCRIPT
MICROBIOLOGY PRESENTATIONBY:-MOIN KHAN HUSSAIN
UID:-14BBT1129
2
ANTISEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS
ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS• Germicides• Antiseptics• Disinfectants• Sterilization• Decontamination• Sanitization• Pasteurisation • Preservation
DEFINITION
DISINFECTANTS –are those germicides or chemical substances which are used to destroy or inhibit the growth of pathogenic vegetative bacteria (not their spores) on inanimate (n0nliving )surfaces such such as glassware or surgical instruments
• Ex. Formaldehyde, phenols, ethyl alcohol, soaps ANTISEPTICS-are those germicides or chemical
substances which are used to destroy the pathogenic bacteria (not the spores) on animate/ living) surfaces such as skin mucous membranes
DEFINITION
• STERILIZATION- is the process that kills all the living micro-organisms including spores, viruses and fungi.
• DECONTAMINATION- means marked reduction or destruction of viable pathogenic organisms to a level that will allow a healthy persons natural defenses to prevent any infection.
• SANITATION- means reduction in microbial load from an inanimate surface to a level set forth by public health department.
DEFINITION
• PASTEURISATION- is a process of heating milk or other liquids or semisolids for about 30min at 60-80 c, which kills the non-sporulating micro-organisms and prevents the growth of food borne pathogens for specific period of time
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTISEPTICSAct by precipitating bacterial protiens Aldehydes –formaldehyde,glutaraldehyde Phenols –cresol,lysol,chloroxylenol Alcohols –ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol Heavy metals-silver nitrate,zinc calamine
ACTING BY COMPLEXING WITH SULFHYDRYL(SH) GROUPS OF BACTERIAL ENZYMES Mercurial antiseptics-mercurochrome, nitromersol
Act by oxidising the sulfhydrl(SH) group by bacterial enzymes
Chlorophores-chlorinated lime, chloramine- T,sodium hypochlorite
Iodophores –Povidine-iodine, Tincture iodine
Oxidising agents-Hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, peracetic acid
ACT BY ALTERING THE PROPERTIES OF BACTERIAL CELL MEMBRANE
• Cationic surface active agents
• -chlorhexidine, cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride
Miscellaneous agents
Dyes-Acriflavine,Aminacrine,Gentian violet
Others –nitrofurazone, Boric acid
ALDEHYDES
Spectrum-G+ve ,G-ve, bact’l spores, .
viruses, fungi
Formaldehyde-37% aqueous soln-formalin
4-5%-preserve dead tissues
-pungent odour ,sensitization
Glutaraldehyde-is pungent, used as immersion disinfectant
PHENOLS • -broad spectrum –G+ve ,G-ve,tubercle
baccilli,viruses,fungi• Cresol-is a mixture of methyl alcohol• -surface disinfectant• Lysol-50% soapy emulsion of cresol• Chloroxylenol-Non-corrosive,• Dettol -4.8% Chloroxylenol, 9% terpinol,13%-
Alcohol
PHENOLS
• Eugenol –antimicrobial and analgesic
Hexachlorophene-accumulates in skin,
-cutaneous absorption and neural toxicity
Triclosan-chlorinated biphenol antiseptic
Anti-inflammatory
ALCOHOLS
Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol Spectrum-G+ve, G-ve, tubercle baccilli, viruses,fungi -they are not sporicidal Damage-corneal tissue, mucous membrane,ulcers
HEAVY METALS-Thiomersal Silver nitrate eye drops, Silver sulfadiazine-suppress bacterial growth
ZINC SALTS
• Zinc salts-mild antiseptics
• Zinc sulphate-eye drops
• Zinc oxide+calamine
Acts by complexing with sulfhydryl (-SH-) groups of bacterial enzyme
Inorganic and organic
Mercurochromme-weak antiseptic
Nitromersol –also mercurial antiseptic
CHLORINES AND CHLOROPHORES• Chlorine –effective at 0.25 ppm
• Used to disinfect drinking water
• Sodium hypochlorite solution-(Naclo)
unstable ,5% -inanimate objects
Dakins solution-(surgical chlorinated soda solution )
Chlorinated lime (bleaching powder)-30-35%
CHLORAMINE-T
• Organic chlorophore, less irrritant, stable• skin antisptic ,treatment of drinking waterOxidising agentsHydrogen peroxide-broad spectrum germicide,cleaning wounds,Abscesses, removing slough.10-20%-sporicidalH2o2 –respirators aclrylic resins
Gentian violet-roseaniline dye , G+ve bacteria and fungi.0.5-1%-chronic ulcers
Furan derivativesNitrofurazone-G+ve, G-ve ,aerobic &anaerobic b’a,
inhibit carbohydate metabolism 0.2% cream –burn dressingBoric acid-bacteristatic, weak antiseptic bladder irrigation and burns dressing
THANK YOU!!!!!MOIN KHAN HUSSAIN
UID:-14BBT1129