antonis leisos km3net collaboration meeting the calibration principle using atmospheric showers the...
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Antonis LeisosAntonis Leisos
KM3NeT Collaboration MeetingKM3NeT Collaboration Meeting
• the calibration principle using atmospheric showersthe calibration principle using atmospheric showers
• Monte Carlo Studies Monte Carlo Studies
• Lab MeasurementsLab Measurements
Pylos Greece 16 - 19 April 2007
Calibration of km3 with EASCalibration of km3 with EAS
G. Bourlis, E. P. Christopoulou, N. Fragoulis, N. Gizani, A. Leisos, S. E. Tzamarias, A. Tsirigotis, B. Verganelakis
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Floating stations
The Concept
3 stations with at 16 m2 scintillator detectors each
•Angular offset
•Efficiency
•Resolution
•Position
reweightingBlind fit
Okada model
~ coscos
dN
d
NESTOR: muon flux @ 4000m
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Shower Detection Principle
GPSScintillator-PMT
Scintillator-PMT
Scintillator-PMT
DAQ
~20 m
1 m2
Minimum Station Set-Up
Triangulation
Shower Direction
Scintillator-PMT
4·(1W/counter)+30W(PC+electronics)
Station Server
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The Scintillator Module
Scintillator 2
Scintillator 3
Scintillator 3
trigger arrival time
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Simulation Tools
CORSIKA(Extensive Air Shower
Simulation)
GEANT4(Scintillation, WLS & PMT response)
Fast Simulation also available
Number of particles to the ground
Energy: 105 GeV – 5 105 GeV
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Simulation Tools
DAQSIM(DAQ Simulation)
HOUANA(Analysis &
Track Reconstruction)
Time (ns)
Height (mV)
Zentih (degrees)
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Simulation Tools
GEANT4Muon Propagation to KM3
HOU-KM3Muon track (s) reconstruction
dm
L-dm
(Vx,Vy,Vz) pseudo-vertex
dγ
d
Track Parameters
θ : zenith angle φ: azimuth angle (Vx,Vy,Vz): pseudo-vertex coordinates
θc
(x,y,z)
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4m2 Scintillator Detector
Typical Values
1) No cut: σ= 4.5ο
2) Total Collected Charge > 10 mips: σ=2.22ο
3) Total Collected Charge > 25 mips: σ=1.33ο
4) Total Collected Charge > 30 mips: σ=1.2ο
Atmospheric shower simulation by CORSIKA - muon transportation to the detector DEPTH by GEANT4 - Sea-Top Detector detailed simulation GEANT4_HOU
PRELIMINARY
Θrec-Θtrue
Angular Resolution inSingle Shower Reconstruction
Single Station: 4 detectors (1m2 plastic scintillator), 20 m distance between the detectors, three out of four selection trigger
Minimum of total collected charge [mip equivalent]
zen
ith
an
gle
res
olu
tio
n
[deg
s]
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dt=0
16m2 Scintillator Station
19m
19m
5m
1 m2 Scintillation Counter
dt1
dt2
dt3
2
exp2 i
hits dt
dt dt
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curvature
thickness
Tim
e S
pre
ad
(n
s)
Multi-Station Operation Monte Carlo Studies in Progress
Total collected charge [pe]
First coming particles
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Timing vs Pulse Hight
Input A
Input B
Discriminator
(1.5 MIP)
Trigger
Slewing
Resolution
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Time corrections
deposited charge (mip)
delay (ns)
delay spread (ns)
deposited charge (mip)
Time residual
Time Residual meas true
dt
dt dt
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Consistent Estimations
g g ˆ ˆ( , ) ( , )R 2 2χ χ
Tg g
1
g g
ˆ ˆ-Λ = D
ˆ ˆ- -
2 (P R,2) 2 (P ,2)
Minuit Minimization
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Detection Efficiency
Distance from Shower Impact (meters)
Distance from Shower Impact (meters)
Efficiency
Events
Number of Active Counters (trigger)
A hit is considered when there is more than 4 mips deposited charge
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Muon Propagation
μ track
km3
Geant Simulation
(propagation & Energy Loss)
Accepted if muon with E>2TeV goes through
km3
Muon Track Reconstruction
(A. Tsirigotis talk)
Zenith angle < 13 deg
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Muon Propagation
muon primaryθ - θ (deg) μ-shower Space angle (deg)
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Primary Zenith Angle Resolution
reconstructed true
Θ
θ - θ
σreconstructed trueθ - θ (deg)
• Deposited Charge per counter > 4 mips
• Number of Hits > 10
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Primary Azimuth and Space angle Resolution
reconstructed trueφ - φ (deg) Space angle (deg)
• Deposited Charge per counter > 4 mips Number of Hits > 10
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Effective Area
log(E) (GeV)
2Effective Area (m )
~ 30 showers per day reconstructed at the surface and in the deep sea
• Deposited Charge per counter > 4 mips Number of Hits > 10
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Performance Plots
Minimum number of Active counters
Minimum number of Active counters
Minimum number of Active countersMinimum number of Active counters
2Effective Area (m )
θ resolution (deg)
Telescope Offset Resoltuion (deg)
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Lab Measurements (a)
Discriminator
(1.5 MIP)Input C Trigger
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3θΑ-θΒ
μ=-0.1±0.3
σ=7.6 ± 0.2
Pull
• Deposited Charge per counter > 4 mips 6 Active counters
μ=-0.06±0.05
σ=1.02 ± 0.03
MC -Data Data
___ M.C. Prediction
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Lab Measurements (b)
Discriminator
(1.5 MIP)Input C Trigger
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
• Deposited Charge per counter > 4 mips 6 Active counters
μ=0.1±0.6
σ=4.5 ± 0.5
θm-θtr
Pull
μ=0.01±0.1
σ=0.9 ± 0.1
MC PredictionGROUP A
GROUP Bμ=0.3±0.8
σ=5.2 ± 0.8
θm-θtr
Pull
μ=0.02±0.1
σ=0.9 ± 0.1
DATA
δθ=4.6
DATA
δθ=5.6
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Charge
Time (ns)Charge (in units of mean p.e. charge)
At the Detector Center
Data
- Monte Carlo Prediction
Scintillator A
Scintillator B
Lead
discriminators
Inputs
Trigger
Data
___ M.C. Prediction
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Charge parameterization
Distance from shower core (m) Distance from shower core (m)
2Mean density (mip/m )2RMS density (mips/m )
2
( ) 1 11000
a h a
M M
r r rr C
R R
AGASA parameterization (S. Yoshida et al., J Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 20,651 (1994)
Parameters depend on
(θ, Ε, primary)
“Mean particle density registered by an active
counter”
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Primary Impact determination
total charge collected (mip)
Impact Resolution (m)
Impact x (m)
Muons are distributed around the impact with rms
Absolute Position resolution ~ 0.5 m
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Telescope Resolution
Telescope resolution ~ 0.1 deg
Surface Area resolution ~ 1 deg
Telescope’s resolution measurement Impossible
Inter calibration
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Conclusions
The operation of 3 stations (16 counters) for 10 days will provide:
• The determination of a possible offset with an accuracy ~ 0.05 deg
• The determination of the absolute position with an accuracy ~ 0.6 m
• Efficiency vs Energy and Zenith angle…• Resolution No!