any questions? agenda level 77 initialize display & accept arithmetic verbs compute statement...

Any Questions?

Agenda

• Level 77

• Initialize

• Display & Accept

• Arithmetic Verbs

• Compute statement

• String/Unstring

• Inspect

Level 77• Used to define stand alone elementary

items.

• No limit to the “number of” used in a program.

• Exclusively used in the

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION

ie. 77 ws-counter pic s9(5).

77 ws-alpha-work pix x(30).

Initialize Verb01 Group-Item-1.

05 Num1 PIC 9(4) VALUE 9.


05 Alpha1 PIC X(10) VALUE ‘COBOL’.

05 Alpha2 PIC X(20) VALUE ‘FUN’.

INITIALIZE NUM1.

INITIALIZE ALPHA1 NUM2.

What happens?






INITIALIZE Group-Item-1.

What happens?

Initialize Verb

INITIALIZE variable1 variable2 variable3 …

ALPHABETIC

REPLACING ALPHANUMERIC

NUMERIC

ALPHANUMERIC-EDITED

NUMERIC-EDITED

BY Variable4

literal-1






INITIALIZE Group-Item-1 REPLACING ALPHANUMERICS BY ‘X’

NUMERIC BY 9

What happens?






INITIALIZE Group-Item-1 REPLACING NUMERICS BY 100.

What happens?

Display & Accept

• Fast Interactive Screens

• Use of message queue / command line

Display

DISPLAY variable1/literal1 variable2/literal2…

AT LINE 99 COLUMN 99.

Examples:DISPLAY STUDENT-RECORD.DISPLAY ‘Amount: ’ TRANS-AMOUNT.DISPLAY ‘Amount: ’ TRANS-AMOUNT AT LINE 8 COLUMN 10.

ACCEPT

ACCEPT variable1

AT LINE 99 COLUMN 99.

Examples:

DISPLAY ‘Press Enter to Continue’.

ACCEPT ENTER-VARIABLE.

Arithmetic Verbs

Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide

And Compute

Add Verb

• Three Formats:

ADD variable/constant TO variable

ADD variable/constant, variable/constant, … GIVING variable

ADD variable/constant TO variable/constant GIVING variable

ADD Verb

A = 100 B = 50 C = 300

ADD A to B

A = B = C =

ADD A to B GIVING C

A = B = C =

What would happen if C was PIC 9(2)?

SUBTRACT Verb

• Two Formats:

SUBTRACT Variable/Constant Variable/Constant ... FROM Variable

SUBTRACT Variable/Constant Variable/Constant … FROM Variable

GIVING Variable

SUBTRACT Statement

A = 100 B = 50 C = 150 D = 200

SUBTRACT A B FROM C

A = B = C = D =

SUBTRACT A B FROM C GIVING D

A = B = C = D =

MULTIPLY Statement

• More restrictive

• Two Formats

MULTIPLY variable/constant BY variable

MULTIPLY variable/constant

BY variable/constant

GIVING variable

MULTIPLY Statement

A = 50 B = 100 C = 20

MULTIPLY A BY B

A = B = C =

MULTIPLY A BY B GIVING C

A = B = C =

DIVIDE StatementMore restrictive - Three Formats - Decimal alignment

DIVIDE variable/constant INTO variable

DIVIDE variable/constant

INTO variable/constant

GIVING variable

DIVIDE variable/constant

BY variable/constant

GIVING variable

DIVIDE Statement

A = 100 B = 50 C = 25

DIVIDE A INTO B

A = B = C =

DIVIDE A BY B GIVING C

A = B = C =

REMAINDER Clause• Two formats:DIVIDE variable/constant INTO variable/constant GIVING

variable

REMAINDER variable

DIVIDE variable/constant BY variable/constant GIVING variable

REMAINDER variable

DECIMAL ALIGNMENT!

REMAINDER Clause

A = 100 B = 150 C = 20 D = 10

DIVIDE A INTO B GIVING C REMAINDER D.

A = B = C = D =

Clauses that work with all arithmetic statements.

ROUNDED

ON SIZE ERROR

Rounding

• Add the ROUNDED option to the math statement directly following the resulting field

• Eg. DIVIDE A INTO B GIVING C ROUNDED.

ON SIZE ERROR option

• What to do if the resulting value from the Mathematical Expression is too big for the result variable leading or trailing the decimal position.

• Used to Resolve Divide by Zero errors.

ADD A B GIVING C

ON SIZE ERROR

PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE.

Compute Statement

Combines all of the math verbs plus exponentiation

Compute Statement Symbols

Symbol Meaning

+ ADD

- SUBTRACT

* MULTIPLY

/ DIVIDE

** exponentiation

Order of Operations

• Operations in brackets ( ) are performed first

• ** (exponentiation)

• * or / (from left to right)

• + or - (from left to right)

Compute Statement

A = 10 B = 2 C = 60 D is PIC 9(4)

COMPUTE D ROUNDED =

A ** B / ( A - B) + C.

What is the value of D?

STRING Statement

Used to Concatenate character strings together.

STRING Statement

STRING

Variable/Constant DELIMITED BY {Variable/Constant/SIZE)

INTO variable

END-STRING

STRING Statement Rules

• DELIMITED BY required

• Receiving field must be an elementary data (not a group item) element with no editing symbols

• All literals must be alphanumeric

• String moves data from left-right but doesnot pad with blanks

STRING Statement

STRING first-name DELIMITED BY ‘ ‘

last-name DELIMITED BY ‘ ‘

INTO full-name

END-STRING

first-name last-name full-name

‘Cindy ‘ ‘Laurin’

STRING Statement


‘ ‘ DELIMITED BY SIZE


INTO full-name

END-STRING


‘Cindy ‘ ‘Laurin ‘

STRING StatementMOVE ‘XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX’

TO full-name.


‘ ‘ DELIMITED BY SIZE


INTO full-name

END-STRING


‘Cindy ‘ ‘Laurin ‘

We can concatenate strings together using the String Verb.

Wouldn’t it be nice if we could parse a string into other strings?

UNSTRING Verb!!

UNSTRING

Variable DELIMITED BYVariable/Constant/SIZE

INTO variable1 variable2 variable3

END-UNSTRING

UNSTRING01 Name-In-Pieces.

05 Last-Name PIC X(16).

05 First-Name PIC X(10).

05 Middle-Initial PIC X.

01 Entire-Name PIC X(31)

VALUE ‘Cindy M Laurin’.

UNSTRING Entire-Name DELIMITED BY ‘ ‘

INTO First-Name Middle-Initial Last-Name.


05 Last-Name PIC X(16).05 First-Name PIC X(10).05 Middle-Initial PIC X.

01 Entire-Name PIC X(31)VALUE ‘Eddie Laurin’.

UNSTRING Entire-Name DELIMITED BY ‘ ‘INTO First-Name Middle-Initial Last-Name.


05 Last-Name PIC X(16).05 First-Name PIC X(10).05 Middle-Initial PIC X.

01 Entire-Name PIC X(31)VALUE ‘Cindy M Laurin-Moogk’

UNSTRING Entire-Name DELIMITED BY ‘ ‘ or ‘-’INTO First-Name Middle-Initial Last-Name.

Substring(nn:nn)position, length

01 whole-name pic x(50).

01 first-name pic x(25).

move whole-name(1:25) to first-name

starts at the first character of whole name and retrieves 25 characters

01 Student-Number PIC 9(9) Comp-3.

We would like to print it as

999-999-999

The Long Way

File-Section. 05 student-number pic 9(9) comp-3.

Working-Storage.01 student-number-unpacked pic 9(9).01 Student-number-edited redefines student-number-unpacked.. 05 part1 pic 999. 05 part2 pic 999. 05 part3 pic 999.01 detail-line. 05 prt-part1 pic 999. 05 pic X value ‘-’. 05 prt-part2 pic 999. 05 pic X value ‘-’. 05 prt-part3 pic 999.

Inspect Verb

• Used to replace one character or character string with another

INSPECT variable REPLACING

{ALL}

{LEADING} var/lit by var/lit

{FIRST}

Print Student Number with ‘-’ using Inspect

File-Section. 05 student-number pic 9(9) comp-3.

Working-Storage.01 detail-line. 05 prt-student-number pic 999B999B999. Procedure Division.

inspect prt-student-number replacing all ‘ ‘ by ‘-’.

Printing with Externally Described Printer Files

• New addition to the select statement – FORMATFILE!

select report-file

assign to formatfile-filename.

Writing to an Externally Described Printer File

Write record-name

format is ‘RECORD’

eop perform print-heading

End-write.

(eop means end of page)

any questions? agenda level 77 initialize display & accept arithmetic verbs compute statement...

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