SCOTT GRIFFITHS

PROF STEPHEN TOUYZ

DR STUART MURRAY

PROF JONATHAN MOND

DOUGLAS ANGUS

MUSCULARITY-

ORIENTED

DISORDERED

EATING

“Do you

know

anyone

who has

had a

problem

like

Michael’s/

Kelly’s?”N = 343

Error bars =

95% CIs

n.s. p>.05

PREVALENCE OF MUSCLE DYSMORPHIA

3

Muscle dissatisfaction

(mean scores)

N = 286

Mean = 3.14

Often to Always =

20%

Body fat dissatisfaction

(mean scores)

N = 286

Mean = 2.87

Often to Always =

18%

MALE BODY DISSATISFACTION

MEASURING MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED EATING

PATHOLOGY

Muscularity-oriented disordered eating

= 6 + 6 + 0 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 5 + 0 + 3 + 1 + 6

= 42

4

6

6

6

4

5

3

6

1

6

0

0

Thinness-oriented disordered eating

= 0 + 0 + 0 + 6 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ? + 2 + 1

= 9(15 if I gift him a 6)

0

0

0

0

0

?

2

1

5

ASSOCIATIONS WITH MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED

DISORDERED EATING

MUSCULARITY-

ORIENTED

DISORDERED

EATING

MUSCULARITY

-ORIENTED

DISORDERED

EATING

Emotion regulation

difficulties

(Griffiths, Angus, Murray, &Touyz,

under review in Body Image)

Attentional biases

toward rejecting faces

(Griffiths, Angus, Murray, &Touyz, unde

r review in Body Image)

Cognitive set shifting

difficulties

(Griffiths, Murray, & Touyz, in press in

Body Image)

Body image pathology –

muscle dissatisfaction

AND body fat

dissatisfaction

Admiration of people with

muscle dysmorphia

(Griffiths, Mond, Murray &Touyz, under review

in International Journal of Eating Disorders)

Conformity to

masculine norms

(Griffiths, Murray, &Touyz, under review

in Psychology of Men & Masculinity)

6

DEFINITIONS, AND A NEW MEASURE OF

MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED DISORDERED EATING

A definition of muscularity-oriented

disordered eating

(Griffiths, Murray, &Touy

z, 2013, published in

Journal of Eating Disoders)

“Problematic eating attitudes

and behaviours motivated by the

desire to become more

muscular”

What makes an eating attitude or

behaviour disordered/problematic?

The attitude or behaviour must be

1. Rule-driven, or

2. Compensatory

7

A FRAMEWORK OF MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED

DISORDERED EATING

› A framework of muscularity-oriented disordered eating is not just about

eating and body image.

1. Body image

2. Eating

1. Appearance and performance enhancing drugs (APEDs)

- Polypharmacy (Kanayama et al. 2009)

2. Nutritional supplements

- Supplement use predicts positive beliefs about APED safety and efficacy

(Hildebrandt, Harty & Langenbucher, 2012)

3. Compulsive muscle-building exercise (predominantly weightlifting)