ao 6 - participation in sport
TRANSCRIPT
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OCR Sport
AO 6
List the specific
needs of fourdifferent user
groups which may
affect their
participation in
sport Josh Williams
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Some of the main concerns of groups of that people are affected
by due to the lack of participation in sport would be:
Sex - Some sports are still considered male sports and so it issometimes harder for women to get involved in these sports (e.g.
Rugby and football)
Politics - Politics have an effect on the availability of facilities for
training and competitions. Governments also decide what sportsare taught in schools
Age - Certain age groups tend to play certain sports. Younger
people will usually pick the more physically demanding sportssuch as hockey or rugby, whereas older people are often limited
physically and pick less strenuous sports like bowls and swimming
Money - Some sports are expensive because they requiremembership fee or lots of expensive equipment or clothing. For
example skiing
Fashion - Sports and other activities go in and out of
fashion. Media coverage and success of British athletes often has
an influence on a sports popularity
Disabilities ² A lot of sports are unavailable to the certain needs of
disabilities, and require specialist equipment which is expensiveand at a low availability to the general public
Challenge / Danger - A lot of people like sports which they can get
a mental pleasure of and have an element of danger. Extremesports are becoming more popular
Environment / climate / access to facilities - Where you live will
affect the sports you get involved in. The landscape in the lakedistrict for example is perfect for hiking. You need to live near the
sea to take part in surfing etc
Technology - Technology affects the availability, cost and safety of
some sports It can also improve teaching and coaching aids whichincreases participation
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The four areas of groups that can affect the participation in sport
activity that I am going to explain are:
Disability
Age
Gender
Culture/facilities/environment
Disability
The one of the barriers facing individuals with disabilities will beparticular to their specific disability. People who may have sometype of ¶disability· if it is say a physical such as a loss of limb ormental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or
activities. Of which people may have a difficulty to participate in asporting activity in a result
This could be a result of unable in using a specific limb or not
understanding due to a mental disability which could change theparticipation in several different ways in such as physical, mental
or socially. An example of this could be physically the person maynot be able to meet the demands of the activity which would
restrict the choice of physical activity. A social aspect that couldaffect people with disabilities participation in physical activitysuch as being in a type of disability must be very hard and theymay feel that they are not meeting the demands of they·re peers.
An example of a mental factor that could result in a lack of
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¡ ¢ J o s h W i l l i a m s
part icipat ion in sport could be t he disabilit £ it self must be a ver £
challenging life t o live which could drop confidence and make feeldifferent t o ot hers which may not be a chosen act ivit y t o
part icipat e in.
People wit h disabilit ies are treat ed and trained if part icipat ion isnormally trained wit h specialist equipment and coaches t hat meet t he demands of t hey·re abilit y. This would normally come as a
huge cost due t o all of t he specialist necessit ies.
But not just t he specialist equipment is all t hat is required for people wit h disabilit ies need t o part icipat e in physical act ivit y
because t hey need different facilit ies which meet t he demands of t heir abilit y and also t he chosen sport . This could also lead t o a
lack of part icipat ion in sport due t o specific facilit ies which are not
always local t o all areas, and also which a chosen sport t here willbe limit at ions t o cert ain sport such as act ivit ies as wheelchair basket ball, swimming or at hlet ics which can offer a wide range of
event s for all t ypes of abilit ies but as earlier not ed t hat t here is ahigh cost for specialist equipment and coaches which poorer
families wit h a disabilit y may not be able t o afford.
Ot her fact ors of t he individual t heir self or t he families of which adisabilit y may have, may be prot ect ive such as not want ing t o
part icipat e in sport due t o a fear of being different which comesback t o t he ment al and social aspect of a lack of part icipat ion in
sport such a fear of being bullied or unwant ed which could occur as having more att ent ion t owards t hem. Or t here could just be t he
feel of a feel of causing t oo much hassle due t o needing t o be
treat ed wit h more care.
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Age
The one of the barriers facing individuals with age segregation inparticipation sport are some activities are regarded as young
people·s sports and some are regarded as old people·s sports,
which could prove to be unfair to some due to some people may
want to participate in a certain sport which could result in
rejection due to not being able to meet the demands of certain
activities such as an older individual wanting to play rugby may
not be able to being too old and not be able to participate due to
safety reasons.
There is a big relationship between young people and old people
in the factors that can result in a lack of participation in sport.
Some of the factors that could affect the demands as physical
such as:
A competitor·s age will affect their performance in the followingways:
Strength
y Children are not as strong as adults. We do not reach ourmaximum strength until we are fully grown at around 20
y In your 20's and 30's it is easy to build up strength andmuscle mass
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y In your 40's and onwards strength decreases as protein
levels and muscle mass falls
Flexibility
y We are most flexible as adolescentsy As we get older we tend to lose this suppleness
Oxygen capacity
y Our capacity to transport and use oxygen so effectively falls
as we age
Injury and disease
y As we age, weakness and inflexibility make us more prone to
injuryy It also takes us longer to healy Diseases such as cancer and heart disease are more
prominent in the older population
Reaction times
y As we age, we get slower to react to a stimulus
Experience
y Older athletes are often called experienced, and thisexperience can be an important tool
y Experience helps us to know how best to deal with a situation
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For all forms of competitive sport there are age divisions, usually
junior, youth and then senior. If an activity requires a great deal of
physical exertion, it is going to be more difficult to compete at a
high level, as you get older. Which is why there is often either age
restrictions or age barriers to either group ages with each otheror hold restrictions
Another factor that could affect the participation in sports could
be people take part is closely related to their age and local
tradition. As people get older the time spent taking part in sport
becomes less and the nature of the sport changes.
Activities with high-energy requirements and output such
as rugby are generally associated with younger players while
activities that rely on skill rather than physical fitness such
as lawn bowls are associated with older people. Sprains and other
minor injuries become more frequent and recovery time becomes
longer.
Another factor could be routines which are hard to then allocate
physical activity into. Such as older people have lower energy
levels and may not be able to do much exercise due to fatigue. And
also middle age people may not be able to find the time such as
stress levels due to work and other factors, but which could makesport not important to them, younger people such a children and
teenagers may not be able to participate in sport due to parents
and just explained who can participate in sport may have the same
affect on their children such as not having time to show their
children a variety of sports. This could cause a lack of
opportunities.
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int erest , t his could be because of t his lower profile, many
companies would rat her sponsor men·s t eams as t hey get more att ent ion
y Women's compet it ions t end t o have less prize money t hanmen's. Even in sport s where coverage is good
y There aren't as many female sport ing role models, t his islargely due again t o t he lack of media att ent ion
Women may feel t hat t heir gender can affect in t heir part icipat ionwhich could be a result of as women are not as dominant in
sport ing act ivit y which could change t he part icipat ion in several
different ways in such as physical, ment al or socially. An exampleof t his could be physically women are not as physically strong asmen which could be made t hem t o be looked down on by t hem not
be able t o meet t he demands of t he act ivit y such as rugby, whichwould restrict t he choice of physical act ivit y. A social aspect t hat
could affect women and part icipat ion in physical act ivit y such asbeing st ereot yped as weaker and less att ent ion showed t o which
could lower part icipat ion. An example of a ment al fact or t hat couldresult in a lack of part icipat ion in sport could be t he fact t hat
women feel lef t out f rom some sport s which could just make some
women feel t hat t here is no point due t o segregat ion f rom t heir chosen sport .
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Cult ure/facilit ies/environment
The one of t he barriers facing individuals wit h t he locat ion t hat
t hey are living in or t he economical st at e t hey are in can be a big
barrier t owards t he part icipat ion in sport . Some of t he
disadvant ages could be:
Cult ure
Wrong environment
No facilit ies
Expensive equipment st art up cost
These disadvant ages can be seen upon t o affect t he part icipat ion
wit h some people in sport due t o, in cert ain cult ures children are
leaded t owards cert ain sport s such as Brit ain is t ypically
forwarded t owards rugby and foot ball whereas ot her countries
such as India are t owards cricket , due t o it being as a part as t heir
cult ure, but not all cases are like t his even cit ies have t he sameaffect on people part icipat ing in sport , an example of t his would be
if you live near t he sea or lake you are more likely t o do wat er
sport s rat her t han if you live in t he country you would be likely t o
play sport s more local t o your area or suit your cult ure
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Weather and climate affect sport badly. Each sport has suitableweather condition. Like soccer and cricket is played in sunnyweather. Most of the time, the cricket game is stopped because of
rainy weather. Soccer players feel hard to play in slipperyground. Usually, outdoor games are affected by weather. Indoor
games like badminton, table tennis, snooker, basketball, etc arenot very much influenced.
It depends on which game you want to participate in.
Adults are also play a big role upon the outcome in participation insport, an example of this would be, children are more likely to play
sport if their parents do and if their parents do they are more likelyto participate in that sport, due to being introduced to the sport of
the environment. The picture below is of Barry and ShaneMcGuigan. Barry McGuigan, 49, was crowned world featherweight
champion in 1985(right) and his son Shane is trying to continue
where his dad left off
Other factors of which can affect the participation in sport can be
the economical state of some families, this can be for example
people not being able to afford to participate in sport, an example
of this could be a gym membership or joining teams and the
equipment for the specific sporting activity chosen which could
be too expensive for some people to afford so this could just leave
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them in not doing physical activity. Children can also be affected
by this because their parents might not be able to pay for the same
fees as show above. This would not give them the same
opportunities as others will have.
So depending on the environment you live in and the economic
state you are in can have a huge affect in your participation in
physical activity.