“gasförmige und flüssige synthetische energieträger ... · 15 / 5,3 2011 start up gas engine /...
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“Gasförmige und flüssige synthetischeEnergieträger aus Biomasse ‐
Stand der Entwicklungen an der TU Wien”
Hermann HOFBAUER, TU Wien
gasification
product synthesis
biogasplant
gasificationplant
Fundamental Idea
Flowsheet of the CHP-PLANT GÜSSING
Gasifier
Producer Cooling & Cleaning
Flue gas Cooling &Cleaning
to Synthesis Plants
Experience: 60.000 hours of operation
CHP-Plant Güssing with castle of Güssing
Start of construction September 2000Start up January 2002
Fuel 2,2 to/h (Wood chips)
Water content 15 % (35 %)Fuel power 8 MWElectrical power 2 MWThermal power 4,5 MWElectrical efficiency 25 %Total efficiency 80 %
Total operation hours more than 60.000
Operator Biomasse-Kraftwerk Güssing
Supplier Austrian Energy / Repotec
CHP-PLANT GÜSSING (design data)
0102030405060708090
100
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Gasifier Gas Engine
Availabilities of the Güssing Plant
Start up201115 / 5,3Gas engine / ORCUlm, DE
operational201015 / 3,7Gas engineVillach, AT
operational20098,3 / 2,7Gas engine / ORCOberwart, AT
operational20028,0 / 2,0 Gas engineGüssing, AT
StatusStart upFuel / Electr. MW, MWel
ElectricityproductionLocation
Industrial Dual Fluidized Bed Steam Gasifiers
Dual Fluidized Bed SteamGasification Plant Oberwart
Anlage VillachInbetriebnahme Oktober 2010
http://www.swu.de/privatkunden/unternehmen/energie-wassergewinnung/holzgas-heizkraftwerk.html, Webcam, heute
Synthesis gas composition
Main gas Main gas componentscomponents
20-30mg/m3tar
2-3%C2H4
~10%CH4
20-25%CO2
22-25%CO
35-45%H2
~30ppmOrg. S
PossiblePossible poisonspoisons
< 20mg/Nm³dust
~3ppmHCl
~100ppmH2S
H2:CO 1.5:1 bis 2:1
Optimal for synthesis gas applications
BiomassGasification
Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine,
fuel cell)
Synthetic NaturalGas (SNG)
FT-Fuels(FT-Diesel)
Mixed Alcohols
Hydrogen (Rich Gas)
others
Biomass
The basic concept for Synthetic Products
BIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--SYNTHETICSYNTHETIC--NATURALNATURAL--GASGAS
BioSNGBioSNG--productionproduction
Biomass
Biomass gasificationBiomass gasification
Methanation (BioSNG)Fluidized bed reactor Temperature 300-350 °C Pressure 1-5 barCapacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst Nickel
CO + 3 H2 = CH4 + H2O
Methanation (Production of Synthetic Natural Gas, BioSNG)
Gasification
WoodGas
Cleaning
FluegasTreatment
Gas Engine
Ash
GasTreatment Methanation SNG
Purification
Power
SNG FuelingStation
Bio-SNG Fuel
H2 Recycle Streams
Fluegas
CO2 + H2S / Heavy HC
Energy, Liquid & SolidWaste
Rev. 4 / DU / 24.9.2006
CO2 Product (to substitute N2)
Energy,Water& otherMaterials
Flow Sheet of 1 MW BioSNG Demonstration Plant
Biomass GasifierGas
CatalystCH4
Heat
Heat
100 %70–75 % 60–64 %
Energetic Efficiency of BioSNG Process Chain
Gas Transformation through BioSNG-Plant
n.d.< 0,1100ppmSulphur
42 - 31%N2
0,70,1 - 2,02 - 4%>C2
9440 - 459 - 11%CH4
0,345 - 5020 - 22%CO2
0,10,1 - 0,423 -27%CO
0,85 - 738 - 42%H2
After SeparationBio-SNG
After Gas Cleaning and Methanation
Syngasafter Gasifier
14,00kWh/m3Wobbe Index
10,61kWh/m3GCV
0,57-Rel. Density
< 0,01%H20
14,00kWh/m3Wobbe Index
10,61kWh/m3GCV
0,57-Rel. Density
< 0,01%H20
H-Gas Qualityη > 60 %
Folie 18
BioSNG Demo Technikum of BE2020+
BioSNG Fuelling StationGasifier
Establishment of location Güssing as international visible platform for development & testing of synthetic biofuels
Laboratory & demo plant for FT-fuelsLaboratory plant for mixed alcoholsLaboratory plant for hydrogen separation & PEM fuel cellAnalytical devices (GC, GC-MS, tar measurements …)
Development of Bio-SNG production from Biomass
2002 2006 2010 2014
PSITest Rig
GüssingDemo Plant
Göteborg EnergyIndustrial Plant
Location of Gobigas Project
BIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--FISCHERFISCHER--TROPSCHTROPSCH
Example: Fischer-Tropsch
GASIFICATION SYNTHESIS
CO + H2(C6H10O5)n
Carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) bound in wood
C- and H-building blocks
WOOD SYNTHESIS GAS
Fischer-Tropschhydrocarbons
CnH2n+2-CH2- + H2O
Hydrocarbon„monomer“ -CH2-
CARBON CHAIN FT-PRODUCT
CH2
CH22
Chemical Route to SYNTHETIC FT-FUELS
BioFiTBioFiT–– liquid fuel productionliquid fuel production
Biomass
Biomass gasificationBiomass gasification
Fischer-Tropsch BioFiTSlurry bed reactor Temperature 200-300°C Pressure 20-30 barCapacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst 2005: Iron
2006: Cobalt2007: commercial catalyst
nCO + 2nH2 = nCH2 + nH2O
Fischer Tropsch Synthesis
( Chain Growth Probability: alpha = 0,85 )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 6 11 16 21 26 31Number C-Atoms
Mas
s-%
Gas Gasoline Diesel Waxes
Gas12%Wachse
17%
Diesel36%
Benzin35%
Distribution of FT-Raw Product
-5 to 0 -20 -°C Cold Filter Plugging Point, (CFPP)
< 12 25 -g/m³Oxidation stability 2.3 to 2.54,50 2,00 mm²/s Viscosity at 40°C
< 5 25 -g/m³Oxidation stability
class 1 a class 1 rating Copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 °C)
2 to 424 -mg/kg Total contamination < 0,00150,01 -%(m/m) Ash content
< 0,030,30 -%(m/m) Carbon residue 87 to 91->55 °C Flash point
< 550 -mg/kg Sulphur content < 1 --%(m/m) Total aromatics content
< 111 -%(m/m) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
770-790845 820 kg/m³Density at 15 oC75-85-51,0 -Cetane number
maxmin Results of FT Diesel EN 590:2004 Unit Properties
Selected Properties of FT-Diesel
Fischer Tropsch Plant – 1 Barrel per Day
Economy of Scale
115
83
6359 55
cents/L
Polygeneration
Gestehungskosten für Treibstoffe aus Holz bei Polygeneration
Holzpreis 16 €/MWh (1,6 cent/kWh, 70 €/to)
Nutzungsdauer der Anlage 15 Jahre
Fremdkapitalzinssatz 5 %
Wärmeerlöse 20 €/MWh (2,0 cent/kWh, Marktpreis)
Stromerlöse 100-140 €/MWh
BioFiT (FT-Kraftstoff aus Holz) 0,85-1,10 €/LiterBioSNG (Synthetisches Erdgas) 0,65-0,80 €/m3
Anlagengröße 30-50 MW Brennstoffwärmeleistung
Thank you for your attention !
BioFiTBIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--FISCHERFISCHER--TROPSCHTROPSCH
BioSNGBIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--SYNTHETICSYNTHETIC--NATURALNATURAL--GASGASBioBio
BioH2BIOMASS-TO-HYDROGEN