“planning for climate change” - coral reef...intact coral reefs 0.2 ph 200 800 atmospheric co 2...

16
The US Coral Reef Task Force Climate Change Working Group Presents a Workshop: “Planning for Climate Change” Moderator: Dr. C. Mark Eakin, NOAA Coral Reef Watch August 25, 2008, Kona, Hawai’i

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Page 1: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

The US Coral Reef Task Force Climate Change Working Group Presents a

Workshop

ldquoPlanning for Climate Changerdquo

Moderator Dr C Mark Eakin NOAA Coral Reef Watch

August 25 2008 Kona Hawairsquoi

Overview of the Afternoon

Panel 1 Climate Change Impacts Management and Adaptation

Dr C Mark Eakin NOAA Coral Reef Watch ldquoResponding to Climate Change Workshopsrdquo

Susan Julius EPA Global Change Research ProgramldquoSAP 44rdquo

Dr Greta Aeby Asst Researcher Hawaii Institute of Marine BiologyldquoEyes on the Reef amp Hawaiirsquos Rapid Response Plan for Coral Bleaching amp Diseaserdquo

Dr Rod Salm Director Tropical Marine Conservation Asia Pacific Region TNCldquoResilience in MPA Design Kimbe Bay Projectrdquo

Dr Kitty Courtney Marine Environmental Scientist Tetra Tech EM Inc ldquoCoastal Community Resilience and Climate Changerdquo

Ben Namakin Environmental Educator Conservation Society of PohnpeildquoClimate Change and Small IslandCommunitiesrdquo

Announcement Pacific Islands Climate Change Portal

~COFFEE BREAK~

Panel 2 Renewable Energy

Andrea T Gill State of Hawaii EnergyConservation Analyst

D Noelani Kalipi Director Government amp Community Relations First Wind Maui

Micheal L Kaleikini Plant Manager PunaGeothermal Venture

James Loux Vice President Bio Energy Systems of Hawaii Inc

Climate Change the Science

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

CurrentCurrent COCO22 highest inhighest in 650000650000 years ofyears of ice coreice core data anddata and 24 million24 million yearsyears from soilfrom soil datadata

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Scie

nce

From

IPC

C 2

007

From

IPC

C 2

007

4AR

WG

4AR

WG

-- 11

ldquoMost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrationsrdquo -IPCC 2007 4th Assessment Report WG 1

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Hum

anEl

emen

t

IPCC AR4 Synthesis Report

Corals and Climate Change

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300400500

Glacial

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600

Past CO2 and Temperature Variability

Interglacial

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 2: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Overview of the Afternoon

Panel 1 Climate Change Impacts Management and Adaptation

Dr C Mark Eakin NOAA Coral Reef Watch ldquoResponding to Climate Change Workshopsrdquo

Susan Julius EPA Global Change Research ProgramldquoSAP 44rdquo

Dr Greta Aeby Asst Researcher Hawaii Institute of Marine BiologyldquoEyes on the Reef amp Hawaiirsquos Rapid Response Plan for Coral Bleaching amp Diseaserdquo

Dr Rod Salm Director Tropical Marine Conservation Asia Pacific Region TNCldquoResilience in MPA Design Kimbe Bay Projectrdquo

Dr Kitty Courtney Marine Environmental Scientist Tetra Tech EM Inc ldquoCoastal Community Resilience and Climate Changerdquo

Ben Namakin Environmental Educator Conservation Society of PohnpeildquoClimate Change and Small IslandCommunitiesrdquo

Announcement Pacific Islands Climate Change Portal

~COFFEE BREAK~

Panel 2 Renewable Energy

Andrea T Gill State of Hawaii EnergyConservation Analyst

D Noelani Kalipi Director Government amp Community Relations First Wind Maui

Micheal L Kaleikini Plant Manager PunaGeothermal Venture

James Loux Vice President Bio Energy Systems of Hawaii Inc

Climate Change the Science

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

CurrentCurrent COCO22 highest inhighest in 650000650000 years ofyears of ice coreice core data anddata and 24 million24 million yearsyears from soilfrom soil datadata

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Scie

nce

From

IPC

C 2

007

From

IPC

C 2

007

4AR

WG

4AR

WG

-- 11

ldquoMost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrationsrdquo -IPCC 2007 4th Assessment Report WG 1

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Hum

anEl

emen

t

IPCC AR4 Synthesis Report

Corals and Climate Change

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300400500

Glacial

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600

Past CO2 and Temperature Variability

Interglacial

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 3: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Climate Change the Science

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

CurrentCurrent COCO22 highest inhighest in 650000650000 years ofyears of ice coreice core data anddata and 24 million24 million yearsyears from soilfrom soil datadata

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Scie

nce

From

IPC

C 2

007

From

IPC

C 2

007

4AR

WG

4AR

WG

-- 11

ldquoMost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrationsrdquo -IPCC 2007 4th Assessment Report WG 1

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Hum

anEl

emen

t

IPCC AR4 Synthesis Report

Corals and Climate Change

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300400500

Glacial

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600

Past CO2 and Temperature Variability

Interglacial

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 4: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

CurrentCurrent COCO22 highest inhighest in 650000650000 years ofyears of ice coreice core data anddata and 24 million24 million yearsyears from soilfrom soil datadata

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Scie

nce

From

IPC

C 2

007

From

IPC

C 2

007

4AR

WG

4AR

WG

-- 11

ldquoMost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrationsrdquo -IPCC 2007 4th Assessment Report WG 1

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Hum

anEl

emen

t

IPCC AR4 Synthesis Report

Corals and Climate Change

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300400500

Glacial

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600

Past CO2 and Temperature Variability

Interglacial

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 5: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Scie

nce

From

IPC

C 2

007

From

IPC

C 2

007

4AR

WG

4AR

WG

-- 11

ldquoMost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrationsrdquo -IPCC 2007 4th Assessment Report WG 1

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Hum

anEl

emen

t

IPCC AR4 Synthesis Report

Corals and Climate Change

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300400500

Glacial

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600

Past CO2 and Temperature Variability

Interglacial

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 6: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Clim

ate

Chan

ge

the

Hum

anEl

emen

t

IPCC AR4 Synthesis Report

Corals and Climate Change

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300400500

Glacial

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600

Past CO2 and Temperature Variability

Interglacial

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 7: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Corals and Climate Change

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300400500

Glacial

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600

Past CO2 and Temperature Variability

Interglacial

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 8: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Climate Change the Science

2050

2100

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300400500

Glacial

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600

Past CO2 and Temperature Variability

Interglacial

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 9: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300400500

Glacial

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600

Past CO2 and Temperature Variability

Interglacial

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 10: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

400500

500 400

Glaciation

Thermal threshold (+2oC)

Interglacial

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0100200300

Carbonate ion concentration (μmol kg-1)

300 200 0100

Coral communities (no carbonate production)

Car

bona

teTh

resh

old

480

ppm

Reefs not dominated by corals

Dev

iatio

n fro

m to

dayrsquo

s te

mpe

ratu

re (o

C)

Today

ndashEstimated error ~20-25 μmolkg-1

C

A B

480 ppm CO2 atm and 2degC Thresholds for Coral Reefs

Intact Coral Reefs

02 pH

200 800

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

400300 600A

B

C

HoeghHoegh--GuldbergGuldberg et al 2007et al 2007 ScienceSciencewwwgefcoralorgwwwgefcoralorg

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 11: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts

2nd USCRTF Meeting Maui Hawairsquoi - 1999

Resolution 23 Support the Department of Statersquos statement on coral bleaching and climate change

8th USCRTF Meeting San Juan Puerto Rico - 2002

Resolution 85 Coral Reefs and Climate Change

10th USCRTF Meeting Guam amp CNMI - 2003

Resolution 106 Support for Coral Reefs Climate and Coral Bleaching Initiatives

14th USCRTF Meeting Koror Republic of Palau - 2005

Resolution 142 Call for Action to Respond to CaribbeanAtlantic Bleaching Event

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 12: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

9th USCRTF Meeting Washington DC ndash 2003

Corals Climate Change and Coral Bleaching

16th USCRTF St Thomas USVI - 2006

Rethinking local responses to mass coral bleaching A Reef Managerrsquos Guide to Coral Bleaching

Panel Responding to Bleaching Events NPS USGS NOAA FKNMS GBRMPA NOAA CRW

Resolution 168 Support Development and Implementation of Response Plans to Coral Bleaching

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 13: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Building on the Past USCRTF Efforts Workshops

18th USCRTF American Samoa - 2007

Panel Coral Reef Ecosystems in a Changing Climate CEQ USGS NOAA CRW SPREP

Resolution 181 Coral Reef and Climate Change

Responding to Climate Change A Workshop for Managers

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 14: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Building on the Past Hawairsquoi Efforts

June 8 2007

Hawaiian Electric Company Inc Integrated Resource Planning Advisory Group

Technical Session

March 26 2008

Forum on Climate Change in Hawairsquoi

Sponsored by the Hawairsquoi Conservation Alliance US Fish and Wildlife Service US Geological Survey

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 15: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

Glossary

Adaptation Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases

httpwwwipccch

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy

Page 16: “Planning for Climate Change” - Coral Reef...Intact Coral Reefs 0.2 pH 200 800 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) A 300 400 600 B C Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg et al. 2007, et al. 2007, Science

20th USCRTF Kona Hawairsquoi Panel 1 Adapting to Climate Change

Steps for Managements

Community Monitoring Programs

Community Resilience

Panel 2 Mitigating Climate Change

Renewable Energy