Stephan Kolb Chair Advocacy Panel eu.bac

“Smart building for a greener Europe:

emerging policy and practise”

Concerted Action EPBD Workshop, St. Julian’s, Malta, 14/02/2017

Who is eu.bac?

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q  eu.bac is the European Building Automation and Controls Association q  It represents the major European manufacturers of products and systems for

home and building automation

Automation and Controls in Buildings and Efficiency Directives

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q  2010 EPBD, Article 8 on “Technical building systems” “Member States shall, for the purpose of optimising the energy use of technical building

systems, set system requirements in respect of the overall energy performance, the proper installation, and the appropriate dimensioning, adjustment and control of the technical building systems which are installed in existing buildings…. The system requirements shall cover at least the following: (a) heating systems; (b) hot water systems; (c) air-conditioning systems; (d) large ventilation systems”

q  2012 Energy Efficiency Directive, Recital to Article 9 on “Metering” “Use of individual meters or heat cost allocators for measuring individual consumption of

heating in multi-apartment buildings supplied by district heating or common central heating is beneficial when final customers have a means to control their own individual consumption. Therefore, their use makes sense only in buildings where radiators are equipped with thermostatic radiator valves.”

Automation and controls – what is it?

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q  It is equipment and functionalities that manage energy flows and usage in buildings q  They control, integrate, optimize performance of other “technical buildings systems”

o  Space heating and cooling, hot water, ventilation, lighting, solar shading, etc.

q  Products and components are mechanical, electronic, ICT o  Mechanical valves, mechanical or electronic sensors and “actuators”, communication

protocols, cloud data storage, interactive user interfaces, computer programs ...

q  Their performance is decisive for healthy indoor comfort at home and office at lowest energy consumption and expenses o  Together and in interaction e.g. with the heat generator and building envelope

q  They come in various degrees of complexity o  From Radiator Thermostats to “full” Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS)

Example residential: room temperature control and balancing

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Mechanical: o  Adjusts energy flow

into radiator o  Keeps room

temperature automatically

Electronic: o  Remote

thermostat control e.g. by app on smart phone

o  Individualized timing of energy use

q  temperature control in individual rooms: maintain temperature levels

q  Hydronic balancing: smooth distribution of energy flows

Dynamic at pipes or at heat emitters: o Makes energy available in the right quantity, at right time, in all parts of the building No balancing: o Lack of heat in “upper” parts of a multifamily building o Inefficient operation of the system

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Investment: ~ 10 EUR/m2 for both Energy savings pay-back vs not temp control and no balancing: ~2 years

Field level sensors, valves

Automation level HVAC dedicated controllers

Building Management system level PC controller

Example non-residential: Building automation and control system – heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC) part

Remote control of heating or cooling energy flow to emitter mounted e.g. in office ceiling

Investment full BACS: ~ 30 EUR/m2 Pay-back energy savings vs no BACS: ~ 3 years

Automation and controls in smart buildings: what is their task?

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q  Optimal management of increasingly complex technical building systems o  Interaction of heating, cooling, lighting, solar shading, RES, batteries, thermal storages

o  Optimize energy/electricity use, demand side flexibility, RES self-consumption

q  Optimal performance under dynamically changing part loads o  Better envelopes make system more sensitive to dynamics e.g. from solar irradiation

o  Performance of technical building systems needs to dynamically adapt to actual needs

q  Optimal continuous real-time monitoring, control, adjustment of energy use

o  Facilitate optimal user interaction and adaptation to actual needs

o  Optimize and maintain building performance and productivity for users and investors

Decarbonized buildings need smart and well-performing automation and

controls that optimize performance of technical building systems

eu.bac certification for well performing automation and controls

q  eu.bac certification programmes target well performing automation and controls

q  Certification assures high level of performance of the products and systems, as defined in the corresponding EN standards and European Directives.

q  The eu.bac mark is a symbol that expresses conformity with standards (no safety standards), performance efficiency, trust and market transparency.

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Certification

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q  Certification covers planning, commissioning and operation of an energy-efficient

building automation system throughout the life-cycle

q  It creates value for

o  BUILDING INVESTOR: verification of the proposed energy efficiency through a

proven independent audit

o  FACILITY MANAGER: Improved energy efficiency and comfort levels, high

performance visibility

o  CONSULTANT: Standardization of design in compliance with EN 15232

o  OWNER: Certified efficiency increase rental and building stock value; Availability of

measurable on going performance data; better return on investment; help to

benchmark energy performance against similar buildings, reduced energy

consumption and opportunities to renegotiate utility tariffs

Energy waste, unnecessary costs, health issues

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q Example residential: lack of basic functionalities o  Dozens of millions dwellings have no room temperature control

o  Multifamily buildings have unbalanced heating systems

q Example non-residential: lack of dynamic system integration o  Building systems are not integrated, e.g. heating acts against cooling

o  Energy use is not adapted to demand

o  Intended performance is not achieved or maintained in actual operation

q This market failure is often linked to split incentives, missing information, and

practicalities in construction and “commissioning” of building systems

Despite voluntary efforts “remaining” energy saving potentials are very large:

14 Mtoe @ 12 EUR/m2 residential, 40 Mtoe @ 30 EUR/m2 non-residential

Conclusion

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q Optimized building automation and controls are key for 2030/2050 policy: o  They reduce energy bills of citizens and enterprises

o  They facilitate to maintain building energy performance over time

o  They optimize actual energy use and comfort in dynamic indoor conditions

q  Benefits are large, investments are no-regret and pay back shortly

q  2010 EPBD and industry initiatives to some extent target optimized building

automation and controls, for optimized technical building system performance

q  But progress is too slow and a large improvement potential remains

q  Upgrade of EPBD Article 8 on technical building systems is needed

New legislation should support that technical building systems perform

optimally 24/7/365: upgrade existing provisions in EPBD