“the science and technology and human rights nexus in the … · 2016-03-16 · human rights...
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“The Science and Technology and Human Rights
Nexus in the Arab World”
Adnan Badran
18th IAS Conference
Doha
22-24 October 2011
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Human Rights
• Foundation of Freedom, Justice and Peace in
the World.
• Human Rights are “basic rights and freedoms
that all people are entitled to regardless of
nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, race,
religion, language, or other status."
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Main Instruments for Human Rights
CESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
CCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
CERD International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Racial Discrimination
CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
against Women .
CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment
CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child
MWC International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
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CESCR CCRP CERD CEDAW CAT CRC MWC
Algeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Bahrain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Comoros No No Yes Yes No Yes No
Djibouti Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Iraq Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Libya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Mauritania No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Morocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Oman No No Yes Yes No Yes No
Qatar No No Yes No Yes Yes No
Saudi Arabia No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Somalia Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
Sudan Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No
Syria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
UAE No No Yes Yes No Yes No
Yemen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Indicators of International Bill of Rights as ratified in Arab Countries
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• By Arab League 15 September 1994.
• Although the 22 Arab countries agreed on 42
Articles (Annex 1) but were far from
implementation .
• Human Rights violations were reported in all Arab
countries.
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Arab Charter on Human Rights
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Human Rights
Science &
Technology
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What correlation do we have
between human rights (HRs)
indicators & science, technology
and innovations, (STIs)
indicators
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? 7
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The contribution
of public sector
(%GDP)
The contribution of
private sector
(%GDP)
Spending on R&D
(% GDP) Country
0.94 2.79 3.73 Sweden
0.77 2.62 3.39 Japan
0.91 2.46 3.37 Finland
0.77 1.84 2.61 USA
0.76 1.77 2.53 Germany
0.75 1.34 2.09 France
0.73 1.11 1.84 EU(27 countries)
0.41 1.01 1.42 China
0.53 0.67 1.20 Spain
0.55 0.54 1.9 Italy
Source:
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Office of the European Communities Alhsaúa/UNESCO and the National Institute of Quebec/Canada, and technical Aalom Observatory in 2007
Expenditure on R&D:
The contribution of private sector vs. public sector
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GERD/GDP in selected OIC countries relevance to human rights, 2008
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%
Key:
GERD: Gross expenditure on research and development
GDP: Gross domestic products
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Investment in science: Researchers per million population in
selected OIC countries
relevance to human rights, 2010
Note: * FTE (Full time equivalents) ** HC (Headcounts) Source: www.chartsbin.com
per million population
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Scientific listed papers published in selected OIC countries relevance to human rights, 2010
Source: Thomson Reuters (Scientific) Inc. Web of Science. Science Citation Index Expanded, complied for UNESCO by the Observatoire des Sciences et des techniques for population data; World Bank (2010) World Development Indicators.
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Per million population.
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Source : as reported by: www.myipo.gov.my
-
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1,000.00
1,200.00
1,400.00
1,600.00
Top ten countries in the world for patent and
utility innovation applications 2009
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Investment in Science
R&D output: patents in selected OIC countries
relevance to human rights, 2009
US patents granted to residents of selected countries, 2009
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Source : as reported by: www.WIPO.com
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Investment in Science
Who funds what in R&D? relevance to human rights
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Internet penetration in selected OIC countries relevance to human rights
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16
2009 *
2010 **
2011 ***
Source: www.internetworldstats.com
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Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) in selected OIC countries
relevance to human rights, 2011
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Knowledge Economy Index
The knowledge Economy Index (KEI) is calculated on the basis of the average normalized scores of a country or region
on all four pillars of the knowledge economy: economic incentive & institutional regime: education, innovation; & ICTS.
The score ranges from a low of 0 to a high of 10.
Source: World Bank 17
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List of selected OIC countries by GDP (PPP) per capita ($) relevance to human rights
* 2009
** 2010
Source: Wikipedia
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How Jordan stands with HRs indicators:
I. On Civil & Political Rights Reforms:
Multiparty political system (law).
Election of parliament and municipalities (law).
Formation of Governments representing
parliamentary majorities (constitution).
Absolute vs. constitutional monarchy
(constitution).
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II. On economic, social & cultural Rights:
Right to Living.
Right to Development.
Right to Work.
Right to Education.
Right to Health.
Right to a Safe Environment.
Women Rights.
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In Summary
Indicators show that Islamic countries that have adhered
to human rights have progressed toward building a
democratic society, and have achieved capacity building
in science & technology and ultimately achieved peace
and development. On the other hand, those countries
that have violated human rights; have fallen behind in
science and technology, in growth and development and
were accentuated with instability, unemployment and
poverty.
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Thank you
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