“water cooperation for community...
TRANSCRIPT
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th th16 -18 August 2013
Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Proceedings of the(Key Note Speeches and Presentations)
nd2 International Conference onCommunity & Water Services
Sri Lanka
“WATER COOPERATION FORCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT”
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NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE
Hon. Minister Dinesh Gunawardena Minister, Ministry of WSD
Hon. Nirupuma Rajapaksha Deputy Minister, My of WSD
Mr. A. Abegunasekara Secretary, My. WS&D
Mr. Sarath Chandrasiri Vithana Addl. Secretary, My. WS&D
Mr. P. Weerasinghe Senior Asst. Secretary My. WS&D
Mr. K. Hettiarachchi Chairman, NWSDB
Mr. K. L. L.Premanath GM, NWSDB (up to 2013.07.12)
Mr. B. W. R. Balasuriya GM, NWSDB
Mr. L. L. A. Peiris DGM (Central), NWSDB
Mr. N.E.M.S.B. Ekanayaka DGM (North Central), NWSDB
Prof. C. Weerarathna Chairman, LRWHF
Mrs. Kusum Athukorala Chairman, SLWP
Mr. Piyasena Wellakkage Consultant, My. WS&D
Dr. Tanuja Ariyananda Director, LRWHF
Mr. Harsha Suriyaarachchi Trustee, NCWT
Prof. Nimal Gunawardena University of Peradeniya (Agri)
Dr. Nalin Wickramanayaka Open University
Prof. Aruni Weerasinghe University of Rajarata
Prof. Sunil Wickramasuriya University of Moratuwa
Dr. Edwin Salverdor WHO Representative
Prof. N. Rathnayaka Institute of Engineers SL
Dr. Abdulai KaiKai Head, WASH, UNICEF
Mr. A. H. Gunapala Chief Sociologist, NWSDB
Dr. H. Manthrithilake Head IWMI Sri Lanka Program
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Mr. K. L. L. Premanath - Chair Dr. H. Manthrithilaka
Mr. B. W. R. Balasuriya - Chair Prof. Aruni Weerasinghe
Dr. Tanuja Ariyananda Mr. S. K. S. H. K. Sooriyaarachchi
Prof. C. Weerarathna Mr. PiyasenaWellakkage
Dr. Nalin Wickramanayaka Mr. A. H. Gunapala
Dr. Abdulai KaiKai Prof. N. Rathnayaka
Mr. Sarath Chandrasiri Vithana Mr. N. I. Wickramasinghe
Mr. L. L. A. Peiris Mr. J. H. Meegoda
Mrs. Kusum Athukorala Mr. D. V. Medawatte
Mr. Sunil Rathnayaka Mr. A. M. A. N. Adikari
Mr. N. E. M. S. B. Ekanayake Mr. Gehan de Silva
Mr. M. A. G. Susantha Mr. N. Chandrasena
Ms. D. P. K. Jayasena Mr. N. U. K. Ranathunga
Mr. S. C. Rathnayake Mr. Ranjith Salgado
Mr. P. M. L. C. Wijekoon Mr. D. B. Gunadasa
Mr. Sarath Chandrasiri Vithana Mr. Rohana Liyanage
Mrs. Kusum Athukorala Mr. Sarathchandra Muthubanda
Mr. John Chandradasa
Mr. A.H. Gunapala Ms. W. A. C Sriyani
Mr. D. B. Gunadasa Mr. H. H. Somasiri
Mr. D. Seneviratne Mr. SudathRatnayaka
Dr. Thanuja Ariyananda
Mr. A. H. Gunapala
Mrs. W. M. D. T. Wickramasinghe
THEME COMMITTEE
EXHIBITION COMMITTEE
REGIONAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
PUBLICITY COMMITTEE
FIELD VISITS
CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT
CONFERENCE COMMITTEES
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NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE
Hon. Minister Dinesh Gunawardena Minister, Ministry of WSD
Hon. Nirupuma Rajapaksha Deputy Minister, My of WSD
Mr. A. Abegunasekara Secretary, My. WS&D
Mr. Sarath Chandrasiri Vithana Addl. Secretary, My. WS&D
Mr. P. Weerasinghe Senior Asst. Secretary My. WS&D
Mr. K. Hettiarachchi Chairman, NWSDB
Mr. K. L. L.Premanath GM, NWSDB (up to 2013.07.12)
Mr. B. W. R. Balasuriya GM, NWSDB
Mr. L. L. A. Peiris DGM (Central), NWSDB
Mr. N.E.M.S.B. Ekanayaka DGM (North Central), NWSDB
Prof. C. Weerarathna Chairman, LRWHF
Mrs. Kusum Athukorala Chairman, SLWP
Mr. Piyasena Wellakkage Consultant, My. WS&D
Dr. Tanuja Ariyananda Director, LRWHF
Mr. Harsha Suriyaarachchi Trustee, NCWT
Prof. Nimal Gunawardena University of Peradeniya (Agri)
Dr. Nalin Wickramanayaka Open University
Prof. Aruni Weerasinghe University of Rajarata
Prof. Sunil Wickramasuriya University of Moratuwa
Dr. Edwin Salverdor WHO Representative
Prof. N. Rathnayaka Institute of Engineers SL
Dr. Abdulai KaiKai Head, WASH, UNICEF
Mr. A. H. Gunapala Chief Sociologist, NWSDB
Dr. H. Manthrithilake Head IWMI Sri Lanka Program
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Mr. K. L. L. Premanath - Chair Dr. H. Manthrithilaka
Mr. B. W. R. Balasuriya - Chair Prof. Aruni Weerasinghe
Dr. Tanuja Ariyananda Mr. S. K. S. H. K. Sooriyaarachchi
Prof. C. Weerarathna Mr. PiyasenaWellakkage
Dr. Nalin Wickramanayaka Mr. A. H. Gunapala
Dr. Abdulai KaiKai Prof. N. Rathnayaka
Mr. Sarath Chandrasiri Vithana Mr. N. I. Wickramasinghe
Mr. L. L. A. Peiris Mr. J. H. Meegoda
Mrs. Kusum Athukorala Mr. D. V. Medawatte
Mr. Sunil Rathnayaka Mr. A. M. A. N. Adikari
Mr. N. E. M. S. B. Ekanayake Mr. Gehan de Silva
Mr. M. A. G. Susantha Mr. N. Chandrasena
Ms. D. P. K. Jayasena Mr. N. U. K. Ranathunga
Mr. S. C. Rathnayake Mr. Ranjith Salgado
Mr. P. M. L. C. Wijekoon Mr. D. B. Gunadasa
Mr. Sarath Chandrasiri Vithana Mr. Rohana Liyanage
Mrs. Kusum Athukorala Mr. Sarathchandra Muthubanda
Mr. John Chandradasa
Mr. A.H. Gunapala Ms. W. A. C Sriyani
Mr. D. B. Gunadasa Mr. H. H. Somasiri
Mr. D. Seneviratne Mr. SudathRatnayaka
Dr. Thanuja Ariyananda
Mr. A. H. Gunapala
Mrs. W. M. D. T. Wickramasinghe
THEME COMMITTEE
EXHIBITION COMMITTEE
REGIONAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
PUBLICITY COMMITTEE
FIELD VISITS
CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT
CONFERENCE COMMITTEES
2 3
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“Water Cooperation for Community Development”
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO THE CONFERENCE
2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
INTRODUCTION
Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage Sri Lanka, National Community Water Trust, National Water ndsupply & Drainage Board and Lanka Rain Water Harvesting Forum jointly organized the 2
th thInternational Conference on “Water Cooperation for Community Development” on 16 -18 August
2013, at North Central Provincial Council Auditorium in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. The Conference is
convened to mark this year's UN declared theme 'International Year of Water Cooperation' and to stfollow up on the 1 International Conference on Community & Water Services held in Kandy, Sri Lanka
in 2011.
Water is one of the important natural resource which has a great impact on the lives and activities of the
people. In the last decade issues related to water has caused immense problems around the world.
Among these are droughts and floods impacting on food security, health related problems, poverty,
pollution, power generation, land degradation etc. As the quality and quantity of water has degraded so
has competition among societies, and communities needing access to clean water has increased.
Water is a shared resource and its management needs to take into account a wide variety of conflicting
interests. Hence, cooperation among the stakeholders is important. There are two key water
management issues. One is the protection of water both in terms of quantity and quality. Second is
making access to water easier for the communities. Cooperation among various stakeholders is crucial
in these issues.
This 3 day conference was held to provide a platform for sharing knowledge, strategies and best
practices and to promote dialogue, mutual understanding and cooperation among communities th thmanaging their water schemes. The inauguration and technical sessions were held on the 16 and 17
thAugust followed by a field visit on 18 August 2013.
PARTICIPANTS
Around 500 participants representing Community Based Organizations, policy makers, water
professionals, academics from India, Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan, other Asian countries and Sri
Lanka attended the international conference on “water Cooperation for Community Development”, th thheld in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka from 16 August to 18 August 2013. Participants included Hon.
Ministers from Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Member of Lok Sabha India, Members of Parliament Sri
Lanka, Senior Government Officers, Representatives from Donor Agencies, INGO's, NGO's and CBO
Forums, journalists etc.
VENUE
North Central Provincial Council, Maithripala Senanayaka Mawatha, Anuradhpura
Anuradhapura is selected as the venue for this conference since it is a UNESCO water Heritage site. As
Anuradhapura city was in dry zone rulers constructed large lakes to irrigate paddy lands and also to
supply water to the city and also it had the most complex irrigation systems of the ancient world.
4 5
Introduction to the Conference 5
Conference Programme 7
Welcome Address by A. Abeygunasekara, Secretary 13Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage, Sri Lanka
Address of the Hon. S. M. Ranjith Samarakoon 14Chief Minister North Central Province
Address of the Hon. Basil Rajapaksha 15Minister of Economic Development
Address of the Hon. Chaudhry AbidSher Ali 17State Minister for Water & Power, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Address of the Hon Dr. (Ms.) Mariyam Shakeela 19Minister of Environment, Maldives
Address of the Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena 22Minister of Water Supply & Drainage, Sri Lanka
Key Note address By Prof. Mohan Munasinghe 24Chairman of Munasinghe Institute of Development, Colombo
Conference Declaration 42
thField Visits - 18 August 2013 44
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“Water Cooperation for Community Development”
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO THE CONFERENCE
2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
INTRODUCTION
Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage Sri Lanka, National Community Water Trust, National Water ndsupply & Drainage Board and Lanka Rain Water Harvesting Forum jointly organized the 2
th thInternational Conference on “Water Cooperation for Community Development” on 16 -18 August
2013, at North Central Provincial Council Auditorium in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. The Conference is
convened to mark this year's UN declared theme 'International Year of Water Cooperation' and to stfollow up on the 1 International Conference on Community & Water Services held in Kandy, Sri Lanka
in 2011.
Water is one of the important natural resource which has a great impact on the lives and activities of the
people. In the last decade issues related to water has caused immense problems around the world.
Among these are droughts and floods impacting on food security, health related problems, poverty,
pollution, power generation, land degradation etc. As the quality and quantity of water has degraded so
has competition among societies, and communities needing access to clean water has increased.
Water is a shared resource and its management needs to take into account a wide variety of conflicting
interests. Hence, cooperation among the stakeholders is important. There are two key water
management issues. One is the protection of water both in terms of quantity and quality. Second is
making access to water easier for the communities. Cooperation among various stakeholders is crucial
in these issues.
This 3 day conference was held to provide a platform for sharing knowledge, strategies and best
practices and to promote dialogue, mutual understanding and cooperation among communities th thmanaging their water schemes. The inauguration and technical sessions were held on the 16 and 17
thAugust followed by a field visit on 18 August 2013.
PARTICIPANTS
Around 500 participants representing Community Based Organizations, policy makers, water
professionals, academics from India, Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan, other Asian countries and Sri
Lanka attended the international conference on “water Cooperation for Community Development”, th thheld in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka from 16 August to 18 August 2013. Participants included Hon.
Ministers from Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Member of Lok Sabha India, Members of Parliament Sri
Lanka, Senior Government Officers, Representatives from Donor Agencies, INGO's, NGO's and CBO
Forums, journalists etc.
VENUE
North Central Provincial Council, Maithripala Senanayaka Mawatha, Anuradhpura
Anuradhapura is selected as the venue for this conference since it is a UNESCO water Heritage site. As
Anuradhapura city was in dry zone rulers constructed large lakes to irrigate paddy lands and also to
supply water to the city and also it had the most complex irrigation systems of the ancient world.
4 5
Introduction to the Conference 5
Conference Programme 7
Welcome Address by A. Abeygunasekara, Secretary 13Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage, Sri Lanka
Address of the Hon. S. M. Ranjith Samarakoon 14Chief Minister North Central Province
Address of the Hon. Basil Rajapaksha 15Minister of Economic Development
Address of the Hon. Chaudhry AbidSher Ali 17State Minister for Water & Power, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Address of the Hon Dr. (Ms.) Mariyam Shakeela 19Minister of Environment, Maldives
Address of the Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena 22Minister of Water Supply & Drainage, Sri Lanka
Key Note address By Prof. Mohan Munasinghe 24Chairman of Munasinghe Institute of Development, Colombo
Conference Declaration 42
thField Visits - 18 August 2013 44
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TECHNICAL SESSIONS
At 8 technical sessions 31 papers of research, experience and best practices presented in 2 parallel
session at North Central Provincial Council Auditorium and Ceylinco Building Auditorium. The sessions
were chaired and Co chaired by distinguished foreign invitees, members of Parliament of Sri Lanka as
well as members of the Themes committee.
Ÿ THEMES
Ÿ Innovative approach to water cooperation
Ÿ Cooperation for poverty alleviation and gender equity
Ÿ Water cooperation to protect ground water resources and catchments
Ÿ Reaching sustainable development through water cooperation
Ÿ Cooperation to reduce effect of climate change and water related disasters
Ÿ Cooperation to reduce water related (CKDu and other diseases) health challenges to community
Ÿ Challenges for rural water and sanitation sector
Ÿ Institutional arrangements and legal framework for sustainable service delivery
Ÿ Lessons learned and best practices
EXHIBITION
th thAn exhibition was organized near the conference venue, and was held for 03 days from 16 to 18
August 2013. There were about 50 stalls taken by Private Sector Organizations, Banks, Government
Organizations, NGO's, Donors, CBO's ,CBO forums and others to promoting safe water and hygiene,
maintenance equipment for income generation and sustainable applications for drinking water supply
and sanitation facilities.
TECHNICAL VISITS
thThree technical visit option were organized to the delegates on the 3rd day of the conference 18
August 2013. The tours give a chance for the delegate to meet and discuss with the member of the
community based organization on various experiences and issues and experience first hand operation
of a community based water supply scheme. In addition also visit key historic sites, water heritage sites in
and around Anuradhapura were visited by the participants
“Water Cooperation for Community Development”
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
6 7
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TECHNICAL SESSIONS
At 8 technical sessions 31 papers of research, experience and best practices presented in 2 parallel
session at North Central Provincial Council Auditorium and Ceylinco Building Auditorium. The sessions
were chaired and Co chaired by distinguished foreign invitees, members of Parliament of Sri Lanka as
well as members of the Themes committee.
Ÿ THEMES
Ÿ Innovative approach to water cooperation
Ÿ Cooperation for poverty alleviation and gender equity
Ÿ Water cooperation to protect ground water resources and catchments
Ÿ Reaching sustainable development through water cooperation
Ÿ Cooperation to reduce effect of climate change and water related disasters
Ÿ Cooperation to reduce water related (CKDu and other diseases) health challenges to community
Ÿ Challenges for rural water and sanitation sector
Ÿ Institutional arrangements and legal framework for sustainable service delivery
Ÿ Lessons learned and best practices
EXHIBITION
th thAn exhibition was organized near the conference venue, and was held for 03 days from 16 to 18
August 2013. There were about 50 stalls taken by Private Sector Organizations, Banks, Government
Organizations, NGO's, Donors, CBO's ,CBO forums and others to promoting safe water and hygiene,
maintenance equipment for income generation and sustainable applications for drinking water supply
and sanitation facilities.
TECHNICAL VISITS
thThree technical visit option were organized to the delegates on the 3rd day of the conference 18
August 2013. The tours give a chance for the delegate to meet and discuss with the member of the
community based organization on various experiences and issues and experience first hand operation
of a community based water supply scheme. In addition also visit key historic sites, water heritage sites in
and around Anuradhapura were visited by the participants
“Water Cooperation for Community Development”
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
6 7
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“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
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“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
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“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
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“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Hon Ministers, Distinguish Guests ,Ladies & Gentlemen
It is a great honor and privilege to get this opportunity to thank you for your
presence at this conference, and to warmly welcome you on behalf on the Ministry
of Water Supply & Drainage, National Water Supply and Drainage Boards and the
Lanka Rainwater Forum.
Hon. Minister of Water Supply and Drainage was very keen to have this conference
prior to the World Water Forum, which is scheduled to be held next year, to share
our almost 18 years of experience in handing community water supply and
sanitation projects with those in the region and outside.
The conference will provide an excellent opportunity for sharing knowledge, strategies, experience and
best practices among us in the region as well as outside, so that we could take stock of the current status
and plan out our future activities.
I believe it is important to briefly touch upon our experience in implementing community water supply
and sanitation projects. Over the years we have implemented a number of community water supply
projects applying the “Consultation and participation (C &P) “approach. Projects were designed to
achieve the set objectives by integrating safe drinking water, basic sanitation, hygiene education,
environmental programs and diversifying community activities to socio economic and cultural fields.
These projects blend well with the development policy framework of the government. “Mahinda
Chinthana”, Vision for the future, which places emphasis on reducing rural- urban imbalances through
regionally focused pro- poor, pro-growth development initiatives.
Under these projects, apart from sharing part of the cost, the communities carried out the physical
construction of facilities through Community Based Organisation (CBOs) formed within the
community under the direction and support of this Ministry. These projects have benefited over three
million people who are living in remote rural areas of the country. There are over 3500 CBO's covering
approximately 600,000 families formed under the CWSSP. The CBOs and the other stake holders are
represented at this conference. The outcome of this conference well definitely have a favorable impact
on them as we have reached the stage where completed facilities are to be passed over the respective
CBOs for them to manage, maintain and sustain them.
As you would observe, the programme prepared for the conference, which has already been circulated,
cover a wide spectrum of water and sanitation sector related topics. We have with us today Hon.
Ministers, government officers, representatives from Donor Countries and NGOs, eminent water
experts, professionals and academics, we will be having deliberations for three days, where I am sure we
will get the unique opportunity to share experience and learn from best practices and replicate them
wherever possible in the future.
It is also relevant to mention that Sri Lanka is totally committed to achieving The Millennium
Development Goal set for the water and sanitation sector. Our efforts are directed to provide access to
safe drinking water to 85% of the population by 2015 and 100% by the year 2025.
I do not intend to take further time as we have to go through a tight schedule within these three days. I
hope and wish that we will have a successful and productive conference.
In conclusion I would like to wish our foreign guests a pleasant and enjoyable stay in Sri Lanka.
Welcome Address by A. Abeygunasekara, SecretaryMinistry of Water Supply & Drainage, Sri Lanka
12 13
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“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Hon Ministers, Distinguish Guests ,Ladies & Gentlemen
It is a great honor and privilege to get this opportunity to thank you for your
presence at this conference, and to warmly welcome you on behalf on the Ministry
of Water Supply & Drainage, National Water Supply and Drainage Boards and the
Lanka Rainwater Forum.
Hon. Minister of Water Supply and Drainage was very keen to have this conference
prior to the World Water Forum, which is scheduled to be held next year, to share
our almost 18 years of experience in handing community water supply and
sanitation projects with those in the region and outside.
The conference will provide an excellent opportunity for sharing knowledge, strategies, experience and
best practices among us in the region as well as outside, so that we could take stock of the current status
and plan out our future activities.
I believe it is important to briefly touch upon our experience in implementing community water supply
and sanitation projects. Over the years we have implemented a number of community water supply
projects applying the “Consultation and participation (C &P) “approach. Projects were designed to
achieve the set objectives by integrating safe drinking water, basic sanitation, hygiene education,
environmental programs and diversifying community activities to socio economic and cultural fields.
These projects blend well with the development policy framework of the government. “Mahinda
Chinthana”, Vision for the future, which places emphasis on reducing rural- urban imbalances through
regionally focused pro- poor, pro-growth development initiatives.
Under these projects, apart from sharing part of the cost, the communities carried out the physical
construction of facilities through Community Based Organisation (CBOs) formed within the
community under the direction and support of this Ministry. These projects have benefited over three
million people who are living in remote rural areas of the country. There are over 3500 CBO's covering
approximately 600,000 families formed under the CWSSP. The CBOs and the other stake holders are
represented at this conference. The outcome of this conference well definitely have a favorable impact
on them as we have reached the stage where completed facilities are to be passed over the respective
CBOs for them to manage, maintain and sustain them.
As you would observe, the programme prepared for the conference, which has already been circulated,
cover a wide spectrum of water and sanitation sector related topics. We have with us today Hon.
Ministers, government officers, representatives from Donor Countries and NGOs, eminent water
experts, professionals and academics, we will be having deliberations for three days, where I am sure we
will get the unique opportunity to share experience and learn from best practices and replicate them
wherever possible in the future.
It is also relevant to mention that Sri Lanka is totally committed to achieving The Millennium
Development Goal set for the water and sanitation sector. Our efforts are directed to provide access to
safe drinking water to 85% of the population by 2015 and 100% by the year 2025.
I do not intend to take further time as we have to go through a tight schedule within these three days. I
hope and wish that we will have a successful and productive conference.
In conclusion I would like to wish our foreign guests a pleasant and enjoyable stay in Sri Lanka.
Welcome Address by A. Abeygunasekara, SecretaryMinistry of Water Supply & Drainage, Sri Lanka
12 13
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As the chief Minister of the North Central Province I greatly value that the 2nd
International Conference on Community water services is held in Anuradhapura. I
believe that the historical value of the North Central Province will be emphasized.
The people of North central province face difficulty obtaining clean drinking water.
Due to not receiving clean drinking water the community face health problems. It is
timely that this conference is held at this time when people of North Central
Province face the problem of Chronic Kidney Disease.
To provide clean drinking water to the community, there are number of community
water schemes managed by the consumers. They provide huge service to the community voluntary or
with a small salary.
I believe that this conference will provide a platform for those who are operating community water
supply schemes to increase the knowledge and exchange of experience with foreign participants.
Specially through the leadership of the HE the President many giant development programs such as
electricity, road development, housing, agriculture and religious development and all other sector
development is implemented in this area at the moment.
I request all Community Base Organization representatives to make use of this opportunity to develop
their community water projects for the development of the community.
I would like to express my gratitude to the chief guest of this conference, Minister of Economic
Development Hon Basil Rajapaksha, the designer of the drive to increase the economic status of the
people of the country and to the Minister for Water Supply & Drainage Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena who
decide to hold the conference in the North Central province, also to all foreign ministers, Ministers,
MP's, Pradeshiya Sabha and Palath Sabaha, Officers, CBO members who came to participate in this event.
Wish you all the blessings of the triple gem.
Today, 8 countries, including Sri Lanka have joined to organizing this conference on
Water Cooperation. I wish to thank Hon Minister Dinesh Gunawardena minister of
water Supply & Drainage as well as the organising committee for inviting me to this
important Conference. This conference on Water Cooperation has been held for
the second time, last year it was held in Kandy and today it's held in Anuradhpura in
the Central Province of Sri Lanka, Rajarata the place of the first kingdom of Sri Lanka.
The theme of the conference as well as that it is held in Anuradhapura is very
important.
We know that Sri Lankans are very closely associated with water. Our culture shows a lot of respect to
water. When we see a pot full of water we consider it a good sign. Also at different important events in
our lives, we use the water referred to as 'Paan'. When people get married the couple hold hands
together and water is poured over their hands to confirm their marriage. Before we adopted British
customs marriages were confirmed by this deed. As Buddhist we value 'Pirith Paan' which is used to
evoke protection in our culture. Also when we want to give blessing to dead persons we use Pirith
Paane.
Therefore both culturally and religiously our country has close association with water. Also our
economy and in building our nation through our ancient irrigation schemes we have been leader as a
nation. Not only during Anuradhpura and Polonnaruwa period but also during Ruhuna Magama period
our country has been at the helm for irrigation, industry, water conservation and management. That is
why, wewe and dagaba is used to identify a village. The idea was that all villages has to have a wewa,
dagamba and a temple. Therefore, water could not be separated from our nation and our culture. Also
we have developed our nation through this concept. Also you all know since the British ruled our
country , especially after the Uva Wellassa battle, they wanted to take away our dignity our national
pride. For this purpose they selected water, they knew as long as there is water in our wewa or tanks,
they won't be able to rule over us. Therefore they took action to destroy all wewe banks. In places such
as Uva Wellassa where there were 100,000 wewa's which were turned into desolate and forest areas.
When we want to repair and reconstruct these tanks we now have to face new problems and new
challenges. We know from the H.E. President's vision for the future, as long as we are self-sufficient in
rice, national economic development is close at hand. Because of certain illegal steps taken without long
term thinking we are facing new problems. Our water sources have been destroyed at certain periods.
Also due to certain chemicals our ground water has been made unclean. Due to human action,
environmental destruction our water, specially the ground water certain problems have emerged.
Specially where industries using different products with new technologies we have to face problems.
We have to solve these problems with community cooperation. If the decision are taken by one party
only they can be harmful or unbeneficial.
To us water co-operation is not a new thing. We know , especially as farmers of Anuradhpura we have
managed our water with cooperation from ancient times. We know before the start of the 'Kanna' we
gather and clear the 'Aga welli'. During the dry season to remove the sediment from the tanks by Katti
Kapima. Also everything was done by a appointed person by the farmers with cooperation of others.
Although later in Kanna meeting was held legally, all the time water cooperation or taking decision
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Address of the Hon. Basil Rajapaksha Minister of Economic Development
Address of the Hon. S. M. Ranjith Samarakoon Chief Minister North Central Province
14 15
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As the chief Minister of the North Central Province I greatly value that the 2nd
International Conference on Community water services is held in Anuradhapura. I
believe that the historical value of the North Central Province will be emphasized.
The people of North central province face difficulty obtaining clean drinking water.
Due to not receiving clean drinking water the community face health problems. It is
timely that this conference is held at this time when people of North Central
Province face the problem of Chronic Kidney Disease.
To provide clean drinking water to the community, there are number of community
water schemes managed by the consumers. They provide huge service to the community voluntary or
with a small salary.
I believe that this conference will provide a platform for those who are operating community water
supply schemes to increase the knowledge and exchange of experience with foreign participants.
Specially through the leadership of the HE the President many giant development programs such as
electricity, road development, housing, agriculture and religious development and all other sector
development is implemented in this area at the moment.
I request all Community Base Organization representatives to make use of this opportunity to develop
their community water projects for the development of the community.
I would like to express my gratitude to the chief guest of this conference, Minister of Economic
Development Hon Basil Rajapaksha, the designer of the drive to increase the economic status of the
people of the country and to the Minister for Water Supply & Drainage Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena who
decide to hold the conference in the North Central province, also to all foreign ministers, Ministers,
MP's, Pradeshiya Sabha and Palath Sabaha, Officers, CBO members who came to participate in this event.
Wish you all the blessings of the triple gem.
Today, 8 countries, including Sri Lanka have joined to organizing this conference on
Water Cooperation. I wish to thank Hon Minister Dinesh Gunawardena minister of
water Supply & Drainage as well as the organising committee for inviting me to this
important Conference. This conference on Water Cooperation has been held for
the second time, last year it was held in Kandy and today it's held in Anuradhpura in
the Central Province of Sri Lanka, Rajarata the place of the first kingdom of Sri Lanka.
The theme of the conference as well as that it is held in Anuradhapura is very
important.
We know that Sri Lankans are very closely associated with water. Our culture shows a lot of respect to
water. When we see a pot full of water we consider it a good sign. Also at different important events in
our lives, we use the water referred to as 'Paan'. When people get married the couple hold hands
together and water is poured over their hands to confirm their marriage. Before we adopted British
customs marriages were confirmed by this deed. As Buddhist we value 'Pirith Paan' which is used to
evoke protection in our culture. Also when we want to give blessing to dead persons we use Pirith
Paane.
Therefore both culturally and religiously our country has close association with water. Also our
economy and in building our nation through our ancient irrigation schemes we have been leader as a
nation. Not only during Anuradhpura and Polonnaruwa period but also during Ruhuna Magama period
our country has been at the helm for irrigation, industry, water conservation and management. That is
why, wewe and dagaba is used to identify a village. The idea was that all villages has to have a wewa,
dagamba and a temple. Therefore, water could not be separated from our nation and our culture. Also
we have developed our nation through this concept. Also you all know since the British ruled our
country , especially after the Uva Wellassa battle, they wanted to take away our dignity our national
pride. For this purpose they selected water, they knew as long as there is water in our wewa or tanks,
they won't be able to rule over us. Therefore they took action to destroy all wewe banks. In places such
as Uva Wellassa where there were 100,000 wewa's which were turned into desolate and forest areas.
When we want to repair and reconstruct these tanks we now have to face new problems and new
challenges. We know from the H.E. President's vision for the future, as long as we are self-sufficient in
rice, national economic development is close at hand. Because of certain illegal steps taken without long
term thinking we are facing new problems. Our water sources have been destroyed at certain periods.
Also due to certain chemicals our ground water has been made unclean. Due to human action,
environmental destruction our water, specially the ground water certain problems have emerged.
Specially where industries using different products with new technologies we have to face problems.
We have to solve these problems with community cooperation. If the decision are taken by one party
only they can be harmful or unbeneficial.
To us water co-operation is not a new thing. We know , especially as farmers of Anuradhpura we have
managed our water with cooperation from ancient times. We know before the start of the 'Kanna' we
gather and clear the 'Aga welli'. During the dry season to remove the sediment from the tanks by Katti
Kapima. Also everything was done by a appointed person by the farmers with cooperation of others.
Although later in Kanna meeting was held legally, all the time water cooperation or taking decision
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Address of the Hon. Basil Rajapaksha Minister of Economic Development
Address of the Hon. S. M. Ranjith Samarakoon Chief Minister North Central Province
14 15
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together for managing water was made. Also it has been recorded in history that even harvesting was
done united. There were also some strict laws for that. You all know in ancient chronicles when a
provincial leader breaks the law, they were subjected to punishment. Even mayors were punished those
days.
Thus we have managed our water with strict discipline. That is why today's theme of the conference is
very important to the North Central Province and Anuradhpura. Because there are 96 community
water projects in Anuradhapura district alone. Some are functioning very well. H.E President has given
one water supply scheme to Anuradhpura North aided by Japanese funds and another to Anuradhpura
south aided by Chines government signed during his recent visit to China. I am sure these will be
implemented in a very short time with the leadership of the Minister of Water Supply. We hope that
these will not deviate from the Community Water Scheme, the concept of the Hon. Minister Dinesh
Gunawardena. It is the hope of this ministry that participation of the community will strengthen these
schemes. I won't talk longer than this. Today through these special sessions I hope you will discuss how
can be protect our water resources can be provided, prevent ground water getting contaminated and
how we can conserve this water. How we can use and distribute the water for different use,
economically, for drinking and other uses. I hope this conference will be useful for making decisions by
sitting together and discussing and sharing and exchange of information. I hope this conference will be
useful for people from this district from Sri Lanka and also for those in region. I wish you successful
future.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Address of the Hon. Chaudhry AbidSher AliState Minister for Water & Power, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Pakistan depends on water from its rivers, mainly for agriculture and 95% of the
hydro power generation. It has the highest continuous irrigation system in the
world, which covers an area of 42 million acres. Indus river and western tributaries
on average bring about 142 Million acre ft of water annually and average annual
withdraw o f 104 Million acre ft. The system has 3 major reservoirs, 90 barrages, 12
inter river canals, 45 independent irrigation canal systems and more than 100,000
water courses. Total length of the canal system is about 64,000 km. System also
utilizes estimated 42 million acre ft of ground water pumped to more than 600,000
persons mostly private sector to supplement supply. Despite having such extensive water resources in
Pakistan with the increase in population and sedimentation of reservoirs the country is facing severe
water shortages. The per capita water availability was 5658 liters in 1951, which is now 1038 liters and
estimated to further decline to 830 liters by 2025. The minimum water requirement for a water
shortage country is 1003 liters. Due to intensive sedimentation all the 3 storages namely Tarbela,
Mangla, Treshma is rapidly losing their capacity.
By the year 2025 this storage will loose about 37% which is 627 million acre ft of the capacity which
means lose of one mega storage project. Pakistan is a country built around water of Indus river basin.
The water resources of the country is under grave and growing stress from the expanding population
and demand of the growing city and industry increasing scarcity from the degrading of water quality,
climate change and above all inability to develop adequate platform for modern infrastructure.
Pakistan stands at the cross road. To continue business as usual will compromise food, energy and
economic security with ominous implication for poverty and conflicts. Pakistan in the given
circumstances plan to double the value of its agriculture outputs. Thus assuring food and economic
security making it original agriculture power house. Triple the output of clean, climate friendly and low
cost hydropower, reduce half the area effected adverse flood and reduce human and economic impact
of such events and provide all urban residents with continuous and safe water supply by self-financing
utilities and treat all industrial and substantial portion of the domestic waste water thus improving the
health of the city dwellers and of the rural communities by the large flow of untreated wastage . The
major challenges faced by the water sector are, number one inadequate storage capacity and
sedimentation of the reservoirs. Second, extensive seepage losses in the irrigation system, third absence
of the utilization flood water. Fourth, inadequate operation and maintenance of irrigation system,
excessive ground water pumping without ground water recharge, disposal of effluent , lack of private
sector participation, sub optimal and low productivity of water.
To combat these issues some of the initiatives undertaken by the government of Pakistan are
construction of new storage reservoirs, water conservation through canal lining, and utilization of
water of torrential rain which causes devastation and mostly waste. Rehabilitation of irrigation
infrastructure which is the largest integrated system of the world. Treatment of the effluent water for
human consumption, introduction of high efficient irrigation system and improvement institutional
infrastructure.
Since for several years, global climate change has impacted gigantic challenges to the global
communities. Many climate change induced disaster such as glacial melt, massive landslides, cloud bursts,
16 17
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together for managing water was made. Also it has been recorded in history that even harvesting was
done united. There were also some strict laws for that. You all know in ancient chronicles when a
provincial leader breaks the law, they were subjected to punishment. Even mayors were punished those
days.
Thus we have managed our water with strict discipline. That is why today's theme of the conference is
very important to the North Central Province and Anuradhpura. Because there are 96 community
water projects in Anuradhapura district alone. Some are functioning very well. H.E President has given
one water supply scheme to Anuradhpura North aided by Japanese funds and another to Anuradhpura
south aided by Chines government signed during his recent visit to China. I am sure these will be
implemented in a very short time with the leadership of the Minister of Water Supply. We hope that
these will not deviate from the Community Water Scheme, the concept of the Hon. Minister Dinesh
Gunawardena. It is the hope of this ministry that participation of the community will strengthen these
schemes. I won't talk longer than this. Today through these special sessions I hope you will discuss how
can be protect our water resources can be provided, prevent ground water getting contaminated and
how we can conserve this water. How we can use and distribute the water for different use,
economically, for drinking and other uses. I hope this conference will be useful for making decisions by
sitting together and discussing and sharing and exchange of information. I hope this conference will be
useful for people from this district from Sri Lanka and also for those in region. I wish you successful
future.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Address of the Hon. Chaudhry AbidSher AliState Minister for Water & Power, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Pakistan depends on water from its rivers, mainly for agriculture and 95% of the
hydro power generation. It has the highest continuous irrigation system in the
world, which covers an area of 42 million acres. Indus river and western tributaries
on average bring about 142 Million acre ft of water annually and average annual
withdraw o f 104 Million acre ft. The system has 3 major reservoirs, 90 barrages, 12
inter river canals, 45 independent irrigation canal systems and more than 100,000
water courses. Total length of the canal system is about 64,000 km. System also
utilizes estimated 42 million acre ft of ground water pumped to more than 600,000
persons mostly private sector to supplement supply. Despite having such extensive water resources in
Pakistan with the increase in population and sedimentation of reservoirs the country is facing severe
water shortages. The per capita water availability was 5658 liters in 1951, which is now 1038 liters and
estimated to further decline to 830 liters by 2025. The minimum water requirement for a water
shortage country is 1003 liters. Due to intensive sedimentation all the 3 storages namely Tarbela,
Mangla, Treshma is rapidly losing their capacity.
By the year 2025 this storage will loose about 37% which is 627 million acre ft of the capacity which
means lose of one mega storage project. Pakistan is a country built around water of Indus river basin.
The water resources of the country is under grave and growing stress from the expanding population
and demand of the growing city and industry increasing scarcity from the degrading of water quality,
climate change and above all inability to develop adequate platform for modern infrastructure.
Pakistan stands at the cross road. To continue business as usual will compromise food, energy and
economic security with ominous implication for poverty and conflicts. Pakistan in the given
circumstances plan to double the value of its agriculture outputs. Thus assuring food and economic
security making it original agriculture power house. Triple the output of clean, climate friendly and low
cost hydropower, reduce half the area effected adverse flood and reduce human and economic impact
of such events and provide all urban residents with continuous and safe water supply by self-financing
utilities and treat all industrial and substantial portion of the domestic waste water thus improving the
health of the city dwellers and of the rural communities by the large flow of untreated wastage . The
major challenges faced by the water sector are, number one inadequate storage capacity and
sedimentation of the reservoirs. Second, extensive seepage losses in the irrigation system, third absence
of the utilization flood water. Fourth, inadequate operation and maintenance of irrigation system,
excessive ground water pumping without ground water recharge, disposal of effluent , lack of private
sector participation, sub optimal and low productivity of water.
To combat these issues some of the initiatives undertaken by the government of Pakistan are
construction of new storage reservoirs, water conservation through canal lining, and utilization of
water of torrential rain which causes devastation and mostly waste. Rehabilitation of irrigation
infrastructure which is the largest integrated system of the world. Treatment of the effluent water for
human consumption, introduction of high efficient irrigation system and improvement institutional
infrastructure.
Since for several years, global climate change has impacted gigantic challenges to the global
communities. Many climate change induced disaster such as glacial melt, massive landslides, cloud bursts,
16 17
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erratic and extreme weather has also emerged. Their intensity and frequency is also rapidly increasing.
Like many part of the world, Pakistan is among one of the adversely effected countries by the climate
change impact. Thisis evident from the devastating river floods of 2010 and flood due to torrential rain
in 2011 and 2012. Experience in Pakistan which lose 1000 of lives and damage to private and public
infrastructure attract the attention of global community for launching and rehabilitation and recovery
program in the country.
Pakistan is endeavored with plenty of natural resources including water resource. Beside water supply
for irrigation water resources are also utilized to provide electricity. Natural water resources have high
potential for hydro power generation. As estimated 60,000 Megawatt which can be economically
harnessed. Out of this hydro power potential only 11% has been developed so far. Hydro power is the
best available option in the recent scenario of meeting the projected future energy demand of our
country as it is sustainable, reliable, renewable, clean low cost source of energy. It is therefore imperative
to pool all efforts toward development of this untapped hydro power potential without further delay.
Accordingly, there is transition in the policy authority that shifting from development of gas base thermal
power plants with comparatively shorter construction time and low capital investment to hydro power
which is also environmentally friendly. In the end let me express my gratitude to all the participants for
patiently bearing with me through my address.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Address of the Hon Dr. (Ms.) Mariyam ShakeelaMinister of Environment, Maldives
Maldives consist of 1190 geographically challenged islands barely a meter above sea
level with only 1% of the territory as land with all facets of lives and livelihoods
almost exclusively depend on our coastal and marine biodiversity achieving
sustainability and green economy is opportunity as well as a challenge for us. We are
among the lowest line and most venerable states to climate changes. Maldives is
resource poor, and therefore almost completely depend on our biodiversity for
total support of our 2 main industry that is fisheries and tourism . Our exports,
employment foreign exchange are all linked to our environment and hence recent
increase in climate events. (slide).
Frequency, intensity and predictability of precipitations, flooding and storms have increased within the
past few years causing extensive damage to infrastructure and water resources. Wide ranging damages
was experienced during the tsunami, recent flooding events and surging oceans which almost
completely contaminated our ground water system. We are therefore forced to use desalination
systems minus any other water resources. First time desalination systems were used to address issues
related to water shortages experienced after the tsunami. Government of Maldives received from
external aids more than 40 desalination plants which were disposed to effected islands along with 2500
liter plastic storage tanks. The desalination plants are installed asa supplementary water supply source
and are used during emergencies and during the dry period. However, at present less than 50% of these
plants are functioning due to financial and technical constraints in the island. Unfortunately we have to
depend heavily for our energy sources which are extremely expensive. As 36% of our GDP is spend on
importing fossil fuel. Therefore electricity generation is extremely high and desalination as you know
depend on electricity. Therefore, due to these reasons we are unable to use desalination completely. So
country has to embark on very aggressive renewable energy program.
While trans boundary movement of pollution contribute to pollution contamination of our rain water
which is actually the only source of potable water for us. Increase salinity of our low line fresh water
lenses and contamination of poorly constructed on-site septic tank s have polluted our ground water
sources. Many islands have fecal contamination level over 100% , therefore this water is not possible to
be used by humans. Left with no choice and financial constraints large portion of people are effected
with the prospect of using contaminated or use desalination water which is extremely expensive. So the
challenge for us is numerous. Provision of safe drinking water and sanitation regarded as basic human
rights for all Maldivians in the new constitution of the country. As population grows standard of living
improves and the demand for safe water and better sanitation facilities are increasing at an alarming
rate. As a country with limited natural resources, challenging geography, dispersion of island population
as well as human, financial constraints providing even basic facilities which are affordable water to the
household and to the country as a whole is a major challenge for us. Toward a sustainable system we
need to re-strategise and reevaluate our strategies.
With increase in pollution and urbanization the demand for water is increasing rapidly while
anthropogenic activity continue to deplete and pollute fresh water resources. Furthermore salt water
intrusion is a major problem for already stressed fresh water aquifers in the island. Thus effecting the soil
and degradation impacting agriculture and terrestrial system and further effecting our water security.
18 19
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erratic and extreme weather has also emerged. Their intensity and frequency is also rapidly increasing.
Like many part of the world, Pakistan is among one of the adversely effected countries by the climate
change impact. Thisis evident from the devastating river floods of 2010 and flood due to torrential rain
in 2011 and 2012. Experience in Pakistan which lose 1000 of lives and damage to private and public
infrastructure attract the attention of global community for launching and rehabilitation and recovery
program in the country.
Pakistan is endeavored with plenty of natural resources including water resource. Beside water supply
for irrigation water resources are also utilized to provide electricity. Natural water resources have high
potential for hydro power generation. As estimated 60,000 Megawatt which can be economically
harnessed. Out of this hydro power potential only 11% has been developed so far. Hydro power is the
best available option in the recent scenario of meeting the projected future energy demand of our
country as it is sustainable, reliable, renewable, clean low cost source of energy. It is therefore imperative
to pool all efforts toward development of this untapped hydro power potential without further delay.
Accordingly, there is transition in the policy authority that shifting from development of gas base thermal
power plants with comparatively shorter construction time and low capital investment to hydro power
which is also environmentally friendly. In the end let me express my gratitude to all the participants for
patiently bearing with me through my address.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Address of the Hon Dr. (Ms.) Mariyam ShakeelaMinister of Environment, Maldives
Maldives consist of 1190 geographically challenged islands barely a meter above sea
level with only 1% of the territory as land with all facets of lives and livelihoods
almost exclusively depend on our coastal and marine biodiversity achieving
sustainability and green economy is opportunity as well as a challenge for us. We are
among the lowest line and most venerable states to climate changes. Maldives is
resource poor, and therefore almost completely depend on our biodiversity for
total support of our 2 main industry that is fisheries and tourism . Our exports,
employment foreign exchange are all linked to our environment and hence recent
increase in climate events. (slide).
Frequency, intensity and predictability of precipitations, flooding and storms have increased within the
past few years causing extensive damage to infrastructure and water resources. Wide ranging damages
was experienced during the tsunami, recent flooding events and surging oceans which almost
completely contaminated our ground water system. We are therefore forced to use desalination
systems minus any other water resources. First time desalination systems were used to address issues
related to water shortages experienced after the tsunami. Government of Maldives received from
external aids more than 40 desalination plants which were disposed to effected islands along with 2500
liter plastic storage tanks. The desalination plants are installed asa supplementary water supply source
and are used during emergencies and during the dry period. However, at present less than 50% of these
plants are functioning due to financial and technical constraints in the island. Unfortunately we have to
depend heavily for our energy sources which are extremely expensive. As 36% of our GDP is spend on
importing fossil fuel. Therefore electricity generation is extremely high and desalination as you know
depend on electricity. Therefore, due to these reasons we are unable to use desalination completely. So
country has to embark on very aggressive renewable energy program.
While trans boundary movement of pollution contribute to pollution contamination of our rain water
which is actually the only source of potable water for us. Increase salinity of our low line fresh water
lenses and contamination of poorly constructed on-site septic tank s have polluted our ground water
sources. Many islands have fecal contamination level over 100% , therefore this water is not possible to
be used by humans. Left with no choice and financial constraints large portion of people are effected
with the prospect of using contaminated or use desalination water which is extremely expensive. So the
challenge for us is numerous. Provision of safe drinking water and sanitation regarded as basic human
rights for all Maldivians in the new constitution of the country. As population grows standard of living
improves and the demand for safe water and better sanitation facilities are increasing at an alarming
rate. As a country with limited natural resources, challenging geography, dispersion of island population
as well as human, financial constraints providing even basic facilities which are affordable water to the
household and to the country as a whole is a major challenge for us. Toward a sustainable system we
need to re-strategise and reevaluate our strategies.
With increase in pollution and urbanization the demand for water is increasing rapidly while
anthropogenic activity continue to deplete and pollute fresh water resources. Furthermore salt water
intrusion is a major problem for already stressed fresh water aquifers in the island. Thus effecting the soil
and degradation impacting agriculture and terrestrial system and further effecting our water security.
18 19
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Every year the demand for desalinated water is increasing during the dry period as well as during
flooding as a result of ocean surges. Transporting desalinated water to the dispersed population has been
a challenge over the years as more islands face problems of water scarcity. Each year over 15% of the
islands face acute drinking water shortages. Last year due to prolonged dry period water has to be
transported to islands at high cost. Water shortage problems exacerbate as the predicted changes in
precipitation has potential impact on rain water harvesting at all atolls. Drinking water shortages during
the dry period is therefore proven to be a significant challenge to atoll people. Approximately 27% of our
budget is spent on water and water relief. Even last year more than 120 islands out the 194 inhabitant
islands water has to be transported. As present throughout the whole country other than tourist
resorts, we have only 30 sewage facilities and 4 desalination pipe water systems. To provide water
network and sanitation facilities to the whole country will cost us in millions. And if climate change
events increase further and if we have drought seasons more than once a year you can imagine how
much it cost us.Nevertheless, this year been a resilient community there is an increase in government
allocation for water supply & sanitation projects. While we have 8 projects under implementation in
different islands over 30 new sewerage projects and 3 water supply projects across the country will be
implemented from using government funds and also using external funds. We are also putting up more
projects also seeking assistance from other international agencies. We all know by building
infrastructure alone will not solve our problem. It is also important to sustain these systems as part of
improving services, hence capacity building, and management of infrastructure for us are of utmost
importance.
Excellency's ladies and gentlemen, addressing the issue of water at global level fragmented over different
organisations, there is a need to make a greater emphasis on water coherence between different
organization to effectively address the issue of energy and climate change. There is also a great need to
integrate water in developmental and sectorial policy such as agriculture and energy policy and find ways
and means to implement it. I strongly believe there will be no human right when we cannot afford basic
human necessities such as water and sanitation. Therefore I strongly call upon everyone to increase the
role of civil society and private sector to improve better coverage on water and sanitation. Access to
clean water is critical and it will intensify as population grows demand increase. It is important to
broaden the prospective and include in the agenda water resources, water quality, water quantity, water
related risk such as flooding. In the light of the post 2015 development agenda that is looming before us I
urge all policy makers to devise strategies to integrate climate change in the post 2015 agenda and align
SDG and MDG's and not view in them in isolation. Issues with water cannot be overlooked nor it can be
looked in isolation with climate change and energy either and also food security. It is integrated with
climate Change and all issues related to that. When the world is fast speeding toward predicted 9 billion
mark and global warming is fast tracking towards the 4 degree world by 2060 along with the melting of
the artic snow for us to increase short live climate pollutants. We are talking of a complexity which will
translate in the social, economic and legal problems with human right consequences. When climate
change protracts two of the human rights, the image that is portrayed is very different from what
emerges from economic statistical, scientific forecast. Human rights protracts increase in poverty and
social depreciation as drought, water contaminations render previously fertile land useless and unfertile
lands. Conflicts over inadequate resources such as land and most importantly water are therefore
predicted to become severe and common.
AS the unanimity of need of urgent action to address climate change grows, there will be masses of
people with claims which will demand response resulting is financial, political , social agenda with
additional human rights consequences. As we approach the post 2015 Developmental Agenda we as
vulnerable islands states need to collaborate to ensure our concerns are taken into consideration. We
need to join together we need to join our hands rather than in isolation. The post 2015 Development
Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals should be more than goals for developing countries, it
should also be goals for developed countries to deliver and ensure that these targets are met. For us the
post 2015 agenda and SDG's are also about meeting the challenges of climate change. As such I call upon
all of us to collaborate once again to ensure that climate change issues surrounding us and taking them
into account during the process. We must take action collectively. Ladies and gentlemen unless we work
together we will never be able to achieve anything , we could find our selves be left behind. And that
should not happen to vulnerable island states. Before I end please allow me to thank the Sri Lankan
government and its people, distinguished minister and his capable staff, all organizers of this event, and
wish them success pushing this initiative forward to facilitate sustainable affordable water for all. I would
also like to take this opportunity as a representative of my country to thank the Sri Lankan Government
and related ministers for the continuous support and assistance that Sri Lanka has been giving to us.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
20 21
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Every year the demand for desalinated water is increasing during the dry period as well as during
flooding as a result of ocean surges. Transporting desalinated water to the dispersed population has been
a challenge over the years as more islands face problems of water scarcity. Each year over 15% of the
islands face acute drinking water shortages. Last year due to prolonged dry period water has to be
transported to islands at high cost. Water shortage problems exacerbate as the predicted changes in
precipitation has potential impact on rain water harvesting at all atolls. Drinking water shortages during
the dry period is therefore proven to be a significant challenge to atoll people. Approximately 27% of our
budget is spent on water and water relief. Even last year more than 120 islands out the 194 inhabitant
islands water has to be transported. As present throughout the whole country other than tourist
resorts, we have only 30 sewage facilities and 4 desalination pipe water systems. To provide water
network and sanitation facilities to the whole country will cost us in millions. And if climate change
events increase further and if we have drought seasons more than once a year you can imagine how
much it cost us.Nevertheless, this year been a resilient community there is an increase in government
allocation for water supply & sanitation projects. While we have 8 projects under implementation in
different islands over 30 new sewerage projects and 3 water supply projects across the country will be
implemented from using government funds and also using external funds. We are also putting up more
projects also seeking assistance from other international agencies. We all know by building
infrastructure alone will not solve our problem. It is also important to sustain these systems as part of
improving services, hence capacity building, and management of infrastructure for us are of utmost
importance.
Excellency's ladies and gentlemen, addressing the issue of water at global level fragmented over different
organisations, there is a need to make a greater emphasis on water coherence between different
organization to effectively address the issue of energy and climate change. There is also a great need to
integrate water in developmental and sectorial policy such as agriculture and energy policy and find ways
and means to implement it. I strongly believe there will be no human right when we cannot afford basic
human necessities such as water and sanitation. Therefore I strongly call upon everyone to increase the
role of civil society and private sector to improve better coverage on water and sanitation. Access to
clean water is critical and it will intensify as population grows demand increase. It is important to
broaden the prospective and include in the agenda water resources, water quality, water quantity, water
related risk such as flooding. In the light of the post 2015 development agenda that is looming before us I
urge all policy makers to devise strategies to integrate climate change in the post 2015 agenda and align
SDG and MDG's and not view in them in isolation. Issues with water cannot be overlooked nor it can be
looked in isolation with climate change and energy either and also food security. It is integrated with
climate Change and all issues related to that. When the world is fast speeding toward predicted 9 billion
mark and global warming is fast tracking towards the 4 degree world by 2060 along with the melting of
the artic snow for us to increase short live climate pollutants. We are talking of a complexity which will
translate in the social, economic and legal problems with human right consequences. When climate
change protracts two of the human rights, the image that is portrayed is very different from what
emerges from economic statistical, scientific forecast. Human rights protracts increase in poverty and
social depreciation as drought, water contaminations render previously fertile land useless and unfertile
lands. Conflicts over inadequate resources such as land and most importantly water are therefore
predicted to become severe and common.
AS the unanimity of need of urgent action to address climate change grows, there will be masses of
people with claims which will demand response resulting is financial, political , social agenda with
additional human rights consequences. As we approach the post 2015 Developmental Agenda we as
vulnerable islands states need to collaborate to ensure our concerns are taken into consideration. We
need to join together we need to join our hands rather than in isolation. The post 2015 Development
Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals should be more than goals for developing countries, it
should also be goals for developed countries to deliver and ensure that these targets are met. For us the
post 2015 agenda and SDG's are also about meeting the challenges of climate change. As such I call upon
all of us to collaborate once again to ensure that climate change issues surrounding us and taking them
into account during the process. We must take action collectively. Ladies and gentlemen unless we work
together we will never be able to achieve anything , we could find our selves be left behind. And that
should not happen to vulnerable island states. Before I end please allow me to thank the Sri Lankan
government and its people, distinguished minister and his capable staff, all organizers of this event, and
wish them success pushing this initiative forward to facilitate sustainable affordable water for all. I would
also like to take this opportunity as a representative of my country to thank the Sri Lankan Government
and related ministers for the continuous support and assistance that Sri Lanka has been giving to us.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
20 21
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Rev Maha Sanga, Rev. Clergy , Chief guest Hon. Basil Rajapaksha
Hon. Ministers, Hon. Chaudhry Abid Sher Ali State Minister for Water & Power
Pakistan, Hon. Dr. (Ms.) Mariyam Shakeela, Minister of Environment, Maldives
Ambassadors, Chief Minister ,Members of parliament P.S members, Members of the
Community organisations, Ladies & Gentlemen
I rise with great pleasure to be greet you at the inauguration of the International
Conference on Water Cooperation for Community Development organised by my
Ministry, NWSDB, National Community Trust and Lanka Rain Water Harvesting Forum.
Sri Lanka's Civilization like many other is based on water. Sri Lanka recognize that water has social,
environmental and cultural values in additional to it's the economic value. Sri Lanka has 103 rivers and
20-30 thousands of tanks. Our ancestors conserved water not only for irrigation and domestic
purposes, but also for conservation of the environment, retention of soil moisture and maintenance of
the water table. The technology used by our ancient rulers baffles the engineers of today.
This conference is held in our ancient city of Anuradhapura, epicentre of Sri Lanka's Hydraulic system
and cradle of our civilization. It is a follow up of the 1st International Conference on Community &
Water Services held in Kandy, Sri Lanka in 2011. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform for
sharing knowledge, strategies and best practices among all stakeholders which will support to improve
community water schemes in Sri Lanka as well as around the world.
Water is a shared resources and its management needs to take into account a wide variety of conflicting
interests. Hence, cooperation among the stakeholders is important. There are two key water
management issues. Firstly, is the protection of water sources and water both in terms of quantity and
quality? Second is making access to water easier for the communities. Cooperation among various
stakeholders is crucial in these issues. Therefore it is very timely UN has declared the theme for this year
“Water for Cooperation”.
This years UN General Assemble developed a road map towards 2015 development agenda this
conference contribution will also take our message of community participation in water supply toward
sustainable global development.
Like in many countries, rain is the main source of water in Sri Lanka. Rapid urbanization, pollution and
climate change threaten the resource while demands for water are increasing in order to satisfy the
needs of a growing world population (100 years ago 1 billion now at over seven billion people, in Sri
Lanka population has doubled in the last 50 years, is now at 21 million people), for food production,
environment, ( Forest& Soil), energy, industrial and domestic uses.
Water users are at odds and a mutually acceptable solution is necessary. Effective water management
requires cooperation among the numerous stakeholders. Environmental degradation and water quality
degradation and depletion of water resources are affecting cost of new development. Sixty years ago Sri
Lanka had over 42% forest coverage, now it is around 28%.
The quality of water available to the community is important from the point of view of the health of the
people. Chronic Renal Failure ( CRF), also called Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu)
is widespread in the North Central, part of North Western and Uva provinces. This disease is considered
to be caused by polluted/contaminated water and is reported to have affected nearly 30,000 inhabitants
among the farming community in the three provinces indicated above. There are many organizations
which are responsible to maintain the quality of water. Closer collaboration/cooperation among these
organizations, private sector and civil society is important in supplying water of good quality
Following Mahinda Chinthanaya, a new approach was proposed by Ministry of Water Supply&Drainage
to establish a Sri Lanka National Community Water Trust, which was approved by his Excellency the
President. National Community Water Trust is unique set up represented by my Ministry, NWSDB,
Treasury and Community Based Organisations. One of the main task of the Trust to rehabilitate and
protect water supply systems of 3060 community water supply by CBO's in 15 districts in Sri Lanka.
These water supply schemes use village tanks, protected and unprotected shallow wells, deep wells with
hand pumps or motorized pumps. Rain water harvesting is also promoted, of which there are more than
42,000 household systems in the country.
I am proud to announce that Sri Lanka leads the region in meeting the MDG for water and Sanitation.
We have been able to achieve 84.1 % access for improved water supply and over 88% for sanitation.
National Water Supply & Drainage Board (NWSDB) the main agency responsible for water supply in Sri
Lanka has also achieved 42.4% pipe born water supply with schemes in rural and urban sector in all
province of Sri Lanka.
Rural communities living in areas where there is no pipe water systems often have to undergo many
hardship to obtain water. Women are most affected from lack of water since they are responsibility in
ensuring household water supply. Our Government's strategy is to involve the community in the
decision making process from the planning, design and construction of water supply schemes up to the
operation and maintenance..
I wish the Conference success and welcome all the attending Ministers representing SAARC Countries
and delegates from other countries and Sri Lanka to the Conference.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Address of the Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena Minister of Water Supply & Drainage, Sri Lanka
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Rev Maha Sanga, Rev. Clergy , Chief guest Hon. Basil Rajapaksha
Hon. Ministers, Hon. Chaudhry Abid Sher Ali State Minister for Water & Power
Pakistan, Hon. Dr. (Ms.) Mariyam Shakeela, Minister of Environment, Maldives
Ambassadors, Chief Minister ,Members of parliament P.S members, Members of the
Community organisations, Ladies & Gentlemen
I rise with great pleasure to be greet you at the inauguration of the International
Conference on Water Cooperation for Community Development organised by my
Ministry, NWSDB, National Community Trust and Lanka Rain Water Harvesting Forum.
Sri Lanka's Civilization like many other is based on water. Sri Lanka recognize that water has social,
environmental and cultural values in additional to it's the economic value. Sri Lanka has 103 rivers and
20-30 thousands of tanks. Our ancestors conserved water not only for irrigation and domestic
purposes, but also for conservation of the environment, retention of soil moisture and maintenance of
the water table. The technology used by our ancient rulers baffles the engineers of today.
This conference is held in our ancient city of Anuradhapura, epicentre of Sri Lanka's Hydraulic system
and cradle of our civilization. It is a follow up of the 1st International Conference on Community &
Water Services held in Kandy, Sri Lanka in 2011. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform for
sharing knowledge, strategies and best practices among all stakeholders which will support to improve
community water schemes in Sri Lanka as well as around the world.
Water is a shared resources and its management needs to take into account a wide variety of conflicting
interests. Hence, cooperation among the stakeholders is important. There are two key water
management issues. Firstly, is the protection of water sources and water both in terms of quantity and
quality? Second is making access to water easier for the communities. Cooperation among various
stakeholders is crucial in these issues. Therefore it is very timely UN has declared the theme for this year
“Water for Cooperation”.
This years UN General Assemble developed a road map towards 2015 development agenda this
conference contribution will also take our message of community participation in water supply toward
sustainable global development.
Like in many countries, rain is the main source of water in Sri Lanka. Rapid urbanization, pollution and
climate change threaten the resource while demands for water are increasing in order to satisfy the
needs of a growing world population (100 years ago 1 billion now at over seven billion people, in Sri
Lanka population has doubled in the last 50 years, is now at 21 million people), for food production,
environment, ( Forest& Soil), energy, industrial and domestic uses.
Water users are at odds and a mutually acceptable solution is necessary. Effective water management
requires cooperation among the numerous stakeholders. Environmental degradation and water quality
degradation and depletion of water resources are affecting cost of new development. Sixty years ago Sri
Lanka had over 42% forest coverage, now it is around 28%.
The quality of water available to the community is important from the point of view of the health of the
people. Chronic Renal Failure ( CRF), also called Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu)
is widespread in the North Central, part of North Western and Uva provinces. This disease is considered
to be caused by polluted/contaminated water and is reported to have affected nearly 30,000 inhabitants
among the farming community in the three provinces indicated above. There are many organizations
which are responsible to maintain the quality of water. Closer collaboration/cooperation among these
organizations, private sector and civil society is important in supplying water of good quality
Following Mahinda Chinthanaya, a new approach was proposed by Ministry of Water Supply&Drainage
to establish a Sri Lanka National Community Water Trust, which was approved by his Excellency the
President. National Community Water Trust is unique set up represented by my Ministry, NWSDB,
Treasury and Community Based Organisations. One of the main task of the Trust to rehabilitate and
protect water supply systems of 3060 community water supply by CBO's in 15 districts in Sri Lanka.
These water supply schemes use village tanks, protected and unprotected shallow wells, deep wells with
hand pumps or motorized pumps. Rain water harvesting is also promoted, of which there are more than
42,000 household systems in the country.
I am proud to announce that Sri Lanka leads the region in meeting the MDG for water and Sanitation.
We have been able to achieve 84.1 % access for improved water supply and over 88% for sanitation.
National Water Supply & Drainage Board (NWSDB) the main agency responsible for water supply in Sri
Lanka has also achieved 42.4% pipe born water supply with schemes in rural and urban sector in all
province of Sri Lanka.
Rural communities living in areas where there is no pipe water systems often have to undergo many
hardship to obtain water. Women are most affected from lack of water since they are responsibility in
ensuring household water supply. Our Government's strategy is to involve the community in the
decision making process from the planning, design and construction of water supply schemes up to the
operation and maintenance..
I wish the Conference success and welcome all the attending Ministers representing SAARC Countries
and delegates from other countries and Sri Lanka to the Conference.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Address of the Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena Minister of Water Supply & Drainage, Sri Lanka
22 23
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“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Key Note address By Prof. Mohan MunasingheChairman of Munasinghe Institute of Development, Colombo
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“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
Key Note address By Prof. Mohan MunasingheChairman of Munasinghe Institute of Development, Colombo
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Around 500 participants representing Community Based Organizations, policy makers, water
professionals, academics from India, Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan, other Asian countries and Sri
Lanka attended the international conference on “Water Cooperation For Community th thDevelopment”, held in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka from 16 August to 18 August 2013. At this conference,
the participants discussed different aspects of water cooperation for community development in Sri
Lanka and the other participating countries in the region.
The conference played a key role in sharing of experience, knowledge and best practices for water
cooperation for community development among the participating countries. It surfaced the importance
of having an effective cooperation among the numerous organizations for meeting the water needs of
the people. Among the issues discussed and realized are the positive role played by the community
service organizations in supply of water to enhance women empowerment, reduced poverty, facilitate
environmental protection, water quality improvement and improve technological inputs.
The conference recognized the model of the newly formed National Community Water Trust (NCWT)
consisting of unique combination of members from Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage, National
Water Supply & Drainage Board, Community Based Organisation (Government - Water Board - CBO)
and technical support group is a needy and appropriate measure to support and empower the
Community Based Organizations to carry out water and sanitation services.
The participants strongly recommend that initiatives taken by the participating organizations, other
institutions, governments and community based organizations in relation to the following be continued.
ü Recognition of the need to share knowledge , best practices and lessons learn at regional and
International levels.
ü Promote Peoples' participation as a strategy, in achieving social, MDG and national goals set for water
and sanitation. Recognize the voluntary service done by the community based organizations and
their silent contribution to development. Make strategies to empower them further by Improve the
capacities of the office bearers of Community Based Organizations (CBOs ) by providing training on
effective communication, new technologies, aiming at better intra and interrelationship among
them. Diversify activities of CBOs to sustain the enthusiasm of its members
ü Formulation of a long term plan to address the shortage of water availability in dry areas such as
Jaffna Peninsula, converting lagoons to fresh water lakes.
ü Promotion of rainwater harvesting (RWH) to be considered as one of the solutions to water
shortage and to make RWH to be made more socially acceptable through effective beneficiary
education.
ü Building of child friendly water and sanitation units in schools to be continued more extensively.
ü Due consideration given to gender equity in achieving sustainability of rural water supply and
sanitation schemes.
ü Establish a National Committee dedicated for control/prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease of
unknown etiology where toxic water being suspected a main causative and to strengthen the
implementation of short term solutions.
ü Recognize water shed boundaries, take appropriate action to improve water quality and blend old
and new technologies future for rural water schemes. Traditional knowledge and know how is
respected and realized when introducing new laws, rules or practices on its present day to ensure
social integration and environment friendly approaches in water supply projects.
th17 August 2013Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
National Steering Committee, Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage, National Community Water Trust,
National Water supply & Drainage Board, Lanka Rain Water Harvesting Forum
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
CONFERENCE DECLARATION
42 43
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Around 500 participants representing Community Based Organizations, policy makers, water
professionals, academics from India, Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan, other Asian countries and Sri
Lanka attended the international conference on “Water Cooperation For Community th thDevelopment”, held in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka from 16 August to 18 August 2013. At this conference,
the participants discussed different aspects of water cooperation for community development in Sri
Lanka and the other participating countries in the region.
The conference played a key role in sharing of experience, knowledge and best practices for water
cooperation for community development among the participating countries. It surfaced the importance
of having an effective cooperation among the numerous organizations for meeting the water needs of
the people. Among the issues discussed and realized are the positive role played by the community
service organizations in supply of water to enhance women empowerment, reduced poverty, facilitate
environmental protection, water quality improvement and improve technological inputs.
The conference recognized the model of the newly formed National Community Water Trust (NCWT)
consisting of unique combination of members from Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage, National
Water Supply & Drainage Board, Community Based Organisation (Government - Water Board - CBO)
and technical support group is a needy and appropriate measure to support and empower the
Community Based Organizations to carry out water and sanitation services.
The participants strongly recommend that initiatives taken by the participating organizations, other
institutions, governments and community based organizations in relation to the following be continued.
ü Recognition of the need to share knowledge , best practices and lessons learn at regional and
International levels.
ü Promote Peoples' participation as a strategy, in achieving social, MDG and national goals set for water
and sanitation. Recognize the voluntary service done by the community based organizations and
their silent contribution to development. Make strategies to empower them further by Improve the
capacities of the office bearers of Community Based Organizations (CBOs ) by providing training on
effective communication, new technologies, aiming at better intra and interrelationship among
them. Diversify activities of CBOs to sustain the enthusiasm of its members
ü Formulation of a long term plan to address the shortage of water availability in dry areas such as
Jaffna Peninsula, converting lagoons to fresh water lakes.
ü Promotion of rainwater harvesting (RWH) to be considered as one of the solutions to water
shortage and to make RWH to be made more socially acceptable through effective beneficiary
education.
ü Building of child friendly water and sanitation units in schools to be continued more extensively.
ü Due consideration given to gender equity in achieving sustainability of rural water supply and
sanitation schemes.
ü Establish a National Committee dedicated for control/prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease of
unknown etiology where toxic water being suspected a main causative and to strengthen the
implementation of short term solutions.
ü Recognize water shed boundaries, take appropriate action to improve water quality and blend old
and new technologies future for rural water schemes. Traditional knowledge and know how is
respected and realized when introducing new laws, rules or practices on its present day to ensure
social integration and environment friendly approaches in water supply projects.
th17 August 2013Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
National Steering Committee, Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage, National Community Water Trust,
National Water supply & Drainage Board, Lanka Rain Water Harvesting Forum
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
CONFERENCE DECLARATION
42 43
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Community Managed Water Supply Programme - Palagala
The visit includes a community managed piped water supply and sanitation program in rural area
implemented under the guidance of Community Water Supply and Sanitation Project in year 2007.
Discussion will be held with the rural community on the water supply and sanitation program
implemented and managed by them. The Community Based Organization is the center for villages and it
has introducing diversification activities aiming sustainability of the progaramme too.
SIGIRIYA
Sigiriya (Lion Rock) is located in the Matale
District of the Central Province, Sri Lanka in an
area dominated by a massive column of rock
nearly 200 meters high. According to the ancient
Sri Lankan chronicle the Culavamsa the site was
selected by King Kasyapa (477 - 495 AD) for his
new capital. He built his palace on the top of this
rock and decorated its sides with colorful
frescoes. On a small plateau about halfway up the
side of this rock he built a gateway in the form of
an enormous lion. The name of this place is
derived from this structure - Sīhāgiri, the Lion Rock. The capital and the royal palace were abandoned
after the king's death. It was used as a Buddhist monastery until the 14thcentury.
Programme
07.00 Start at Anuradhapura
08.30 Aukana Temple and Kalawewa
10.30 Palagala Arunalu CBO Scheme (CWSSP)
12.30 Lunch at Dambulla
14.00 Sigiriya or Kandy
16.00 End of the programme
OPTION 1
Community Managed Water Supply Programme and Cultural Visit in North Central and
Central Region
This field visit is centered in the dry zone of Sri Lanka, in the Anuradhapura and Matale districts and
reaches to Kandy. The visit includes a community managed piped water supply and sanitation program in
rural area implemented under the guidance of Community Water Supply and Sanitation Project in 2002.
Discussion will be held with the rural community on the water supply and sanitation program
implemented and managed by them. Also will visit to Awkana,one of the ancient Buddhist temple, Kala
Wewa - heritage tank and Sigiriya - The 8th wonder of the World.
THE AVUKANA STATUE
The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the
Buddha near Kekirawa in North Central Sri
Lanka. The statue, which has a height of more
than 40 feet (12 m), has been carved out of a
large granite rock face during the 5th century. It
depicts a variation of the Abhaya mudra, and the
closely worn robe is elaborately carved.
Constructed during the reign of King
Dhatusena and Avukana statue is one of the best
examples of a standing statue constructed in
ancient Sri Lanka. It is now a popular tourist
attraction in the country.
KALA WEWA
This reservoir was built by the King Dhatusena
who ruled the country during 455- 473 CE in
the 5th century. Tamil invaders who arrived from
South India ruled the island during the period
from 429 to 455 AD. King Dhathusena deposed
them and united the country and then He
wanted to develop the irrigation system by
constructing several tanks, canals, etc., in and
round the kingdom of Anuradhapura.After
completion of construction of Kala Wewa, the
king built another tank called Balalu Wewa
nearby and connected the two together making
the biggest tank in Sri Lanka. Water of the tank was transferred to the Thisā Wewa in Anuradhapura by an
ancient 54 miles (86.9 km) long canal called Jaya Ganga alias Yoda Ellawhich has a fine slope of one feet
per milebut according to some historians it is one inch per mile.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
THFIELD VISITS - 18 AUGUST 2013
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Community Managed Water Supply Programme - Palagala
The visit includes a community managed piped water supply and sanitation program in rural area
implemented under the guidance of Community Water Supply and Sanitation Project in year 2007.
Discussion will be held with the rural community on the water supply and sanitation program
implemented and managed by them. The Community Based Organization is the center for villages and it
has introducing diversification activities aiming sustainability of the progaramme too.
SIGIRIYA
Sigiriya (Lion Rock) is located in the Matale
District of the Central Province, Sri Lanka in an
area dominated by a massive column of rock
nearly 200 meters high. According to the ancient
Sri Lankan chronicle the Culavamsa the site was
selected by King Kasyapa (477 - 495 AD) for his
new capital. He built his palace on the top of this
rock and decorated its sides with colorful
frescoes. On a small plateau about halfway up the
side of this rock he built a gateway in the form of
an enormous lion. The name of this place is
derived from this structure - Sīhāgiri, the Lion Rock. The capital and the royal palace were abandoned
after the king's death. It was used as a Buddhist monastery until the 14thcentury.
Programme
07.00 Start at Anuradhapura
08.30 Aukana Temple and Kalawewa
10.30 Palagala Arunalu CBO Scheme (CWSSP)
12.30 Lunch at Dambulla
14.00 Sigiriya or Kandy
16.00 End of the programme
OPTION 1
Community Managed Water Supply Programme and Cultural Visit in North Central and
Central Region
This field visit is centered in the dry zone of Sri Lanka, in the Anuradhapura and Matale districts and
reaches to Kandy. The visit includes a community managed piped water supply and sanitation program in
rural area implemented under the guidance of Community Water Supply and Sanitation Project in 2002.
Discussion will be held with the rural community on the water supply and sanitation program
implemented and managed by them. Also will visit to Awkana,one of the ancient Buddhist temple, Kala
Wewa - heritage tank and Sigiriya - The 8th wonder of the World.
THE AVUKANA STATUE
The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the
Buddha near Kekirawa in North Central Sri
Lanka. The statue, which has a height of more
than 40 feet (12 m), has been carved out of a
large granite rock face during the 5th century. It
depicts a variation of the Abhaya mudra, and the
closely worn robe is elaborately carved.
Constructed during the reign of King
Dhatusena and Avukana statue is one of the best
examples of a standing statue constructed in
ancient Sri Lanka. It is now a popular tourist
attraction in the country.
KALA WEWA
This reservoir was built by the King Dhatusena
who ruled the country during 455- 473 CE in
the 5th century. Tamil invaders who arrived from
South India ruled the island during the period
from 429 to 455 AD. King Dhathusena deposed
them and united the country and then He
wanted to develop the irrigation system by
constructing several tanks, canals, etc., in and
round the kingdom of Anuradhapura.After
completion of construction of Kala Wewa, the
king built another tank called Balalu Wewa
nearby and connected the two together making
the biggest tank in Sri Lanka. Water of the tank was transferred to the Thisā Wewa in Anuradhapura by an
ancient 54 miles (86.9 km) long canal called Jaya Ganga alias Yoda Ellawhich has a fine slope of one feet
per milebut according to some historians it is one inch per mile.
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
THFIELD VISITS - 18 AUGUST 2013
44 45
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OPTION 2
Community Managed Water Supply Programme and Cultural Visit in North Western Region
This field visit is centered in the Kurunegala district, part of the North Western province of Sri Lanka. The
visit includes a community managed water supply and sanitation project. Discussion will be held with the
beneficiary community on the water supply and sanitation project implemented and managed by them.
Also will visit one of the biggest Water Treatment Plant - Thuruwila and Yapahuwa Kindom - It's one of
the ephemeral capitals of medieval Sri Lanka.
THURUWILA WATER TREATMENT PLANT
YAPAHUWA KINGDOM
Yapahuwa was one of the ephemeral capitals of medieval Sri Lanka. The citadel of Yapahuwa lying midway
between Kurunagala and Anuradhapura was built around a huge granite rock rising abruptly almost a
hundred meters above the surrounding lowlands. In 1272, King Bhuvenakabahu transferred the capital
from Polonnaruwa to Yapahuwa in the face of Dravidian invasions from South India, bringing the Sacred
Tooth Relic with him. Following the death of King Bhuvenakabahu in 1284, the Pandyans of South India
invaded Sri Lanka once again, and succeeded in capturing Sacred Tooth Relic. Following its capture,
Yapahuwa was largely abandoned and inhabited by Buddhist monks and religious ascetics.
Programme
06.45 Start at Anuradhapura
07.45 Thuruwila Water Treatment Plant
10.30 Galgamuwa - MahawelithennaCBO
12.30 Lunch at Yapahuwa cultural hotel
13.30 Visit the ancient Kingdom of Yapahuwa
16.00 Directly to Katunayaka
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
MEMORIES
46 47
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OPTION 2
Community Managed Water Supply Programme and Cultural Visit in North Western Region
This field visit is centered in the Kurunegala district, part of the North Western province of Sri Lanka. The
visit includes a community managed water supply and sanitation project. Discussion will be held with the
beneficiary community on the water supply and sanitation project implemented and managed by them.
Also will visit one of the biggest Water Treatment Plant - Thuruwila and Yapahuwa Kindom - It's one of
the ephemeral capitals of medieval Sri Lanka.
THURUWILA WATER TREATMENT PLANT
YAPAHUWA KINGDOM
Yapahuwa was one of the ephemeral capitals of medieval Sri Lanka. The citadel of Yapahuwa lying midway
between Kurunagala and Anuradhapura was built around a huge granite rock rising abruptly almost a
hundred meters above the surrounding lowlands. In 1272, King Bhuvenakabahu transferred the capital
from Polonnaruwa to Yapahuwa in the face of Dravidian invasions from South India, bringing the Sacred
Tooth Relic with him. Following the death of King Bhuvenakabahu in 1284, the Pandyans of South India
invaded Sri Lanka once again, and succeeded in capturing Sacred Tooth Relic. Following its capture,
Yapahuwa was largely abandoned and inhabited by Buddhist monks and religious ascetics.
Programme
06.45 Start at Anuradhapura
07.45 Thuruwila Water Treatment Plant
10.30 Galgamuwa - MahawelithennaCBO
12.30 Lunch at Yapahuwa cultural hotel
13.30 Visit the ancient Kingdom of Yapahuwa
16.00 Directly to Katunayaka
“Water Cooperation for Community Development” 2nd International Conference on Community & Water Services
MEMORIES
46 47
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Design and Production: Rural Water & Sanitation SectionNational Water Supply & Drainage Board
Sri Lanka
Community and Water Services ConferenceMinistry of Water Supply and Drainage
35, 'Lak Diya Medura’ , Sunil MawathaPelawatta, Battaramulla
Sri LankaTelephone: +94 11 2177222, +94 11 2820851
Fax: +94 11 2177223, +94 11 2768520Email: [email protected]
Web: www.communitywater2013.org