AP Art History PresentationBy: Emmarie Moran

Required Works:➢ Chavin de Huantar

○ Plan

○ Lanzon Stela

○ Relief Sculpture

○ Nose Ornament

➢ Mesa Verde Cliff Dwellings

➢ Yaxchilan

○ Structure 40

○ Lintel 25

○ Structure 33

Chavin Culture

Chavin de Huantar:

➢Elevation of 10,330 feet

➢ Located in the Andean highlands of Peru

➢ In between the Eastern and Western ranges of the Andes

➢Near two large rivers

○ Huachesca

○ Mosna

Geography:

Time Period:

➢900 - 200 B.C.E.

➢Decline began in 200 B.C.E.

➢Predates the Incas by almost 2000 years

Chavin de Huantar Plan:

Artist: Medium:

➢Early Peruvians

➢Before European colonization

➢Stone

Subject: Style:

➢A temple

➢ Later turned into a religious place

➢Architectural plan

➢Chavin Architecture

Why was it made?

➢ The plan

○ For an idea

○ Idea of end result

➢Chavin de Huantar

○ Pilgrimage site

○ Trade site

Historical Context:

➢Thought to be the birthplace of a culture

➢Later found out that it was just the ‘base’

➢Artistic style spread through the coast by portable objects

○ Transported different places

Specific Notes:

➢ Found in Peru

○ Northern Highlands

➢Having two rivers together had a meaning

○ Spiritually powerful phenomenon

Lanzon Stela:

Artist: Medium:

➢Early Peruvians

➢Before European colonization

➢Granite

Subject: Style:

➢Stone monument

➢Over fifteen feet tall

➢Wedge-Shaped

➢Chavin Architecture

Why was it made?:

➢ It was made to represent a god

○ The temple where it is found was for that god

➢ It was made to worship a god that helped them with their harvest

Historical Context:

➢Spanish meaning of name references with the shape of the stone

➢ The shape indicates that the deity ensured successful harvest and planting

➢ It depicts a figure with large eyes

Specific Notes:

➢ ‘Lanzon’ means ‘Great Spear’ in Spanish

➢ It was found deep within the Old Temple

➢ The depiction of the stone shows both human and animal features

Relief Sculpture:

Artist: Medium:

➢Early Peruvians

➢Before European colonization

➢Granite

Subject: Style:

➢Stone Sculpture

➢Shares the same style as the Lazon

➢Chavin Architecture

Why was it made?:

➢ It was made to be a relief sculpture

➢Made for their gods

○ Seems very alike to the Lazon Stela

➢Made for religious purposes

Historical Context:

➢ The depiction of the sculpture shows that it could either be repetitive or it could be more than one deity

➢ It has snakes, claws, and large eyes that look up

Specific Notes:

➢ The ‘person’ in it has fangs of sorts

○ It could be a half human half animal beings

➢Has the same style as the nose ornament and the Lanzon

Nose Ornament:

Artist: Medium:

➢Early Peruvians

➢Before European colonization

➢Hammered Gold Alloy

Subject: Style:

➢Nose ornament

➢Has upward looking eyes

➢ 2.3 centimeters high

➢Chavin Jewelry

Why was it made?:

➢ It was made to show status and allegiance

➢ It was made to match with the Lanzon

Historical Context:

➢Would have been worn by a person of high status to show wealth, power, and allegiance to Chavin religion

➢Metallurgy in the Americas started in South America then travelled

Specific Notes:

➢Serpent motif from the Lanzon is also seen in this ornament

➢Everything about it matches with something on the Lanzon

➢ It either pinches or passes through the septum

Indigenous American Culture

Mesa Verde:

Geography:

➢Very fertile area

○ Had water and good soil for crops

➢ In the cliff faces of the Four Corners region

➢You pass through a plateau

Time Period:

➢450 - 1300 C.E.

➢1000 - 1100 C.E. more buildings were built

Mesa Verde Cliff Dwellings:

Artist: Medium:

➢Ancestral Puebloans

➢Anasazi

➢Sandstone

Subject: Style:

➢Buildings

➢Households

➢Very large with no roofs

➢ In high places

➢ Indigenous American Architecture

Why was it made?:

➢ It was made to house people and to store things

○ Residential and storage

➢Had some rooms for religious purposes

➢ For people to reside in but still be close to their crops

Historical Context:

➢ The Ancestral Puebloans accessed all the places using ladders

➢ The area might have been picked because of good resources

➢ The height may have been for protection

Specific Notes:

➢ Found in Colorado

○ Montezuma County

➢ It is well protected from the elements

➢ ‘Mesa’ means ‘Table’ in Spanish

➢ ‘Verde’ means ‘Green’ in Spanish

Mesoamerican & Central American Culture

Yaxchilan:

Geography:

➢ Found on the south bank of the Usumacinta River

➢ Found in Chiapas, Mexico

Time Period:

➢725 C.E.

➢Significant Maya center during the Classical Period

○ 250 - 900 C.E.

Structure 40:

Artist: Medium:

➢Bird Jaguar

➢Early Mesoamericans

➢Mayans

➢ Limestone

Subject: Style:

➢ Temple like structure

➢Made of individual stones

➢Mesoamerican and Central American Architecture

Why was it made?:

➢ It was made to be a sort of art room

➢ It has the remnants of many murals all over its interior walls

Historical Context:

➢Had to be renovated

➢Has three doorways leading into a single room

○ Includes the remains of a perforated comb roof

Specific Notes:

➢ Found in Chiapas, Mexico

➢Has two stelae in front of it

○ Stela 12 & 13

○ Stela 11 once between them

Lintel 25:

Artist: Medium:

➢Bird Jaguar

➢Commissioned by Bird Jaguar IV

➢Mayans

➢Early Mesoamericans

➢ Limestone

Subject: Style:

➢Slab of limestone

➢Has many intricate designs

➢Mesoamerican / Central American Sculpture

Why was it made?:

➢ It was made to be put above the doorway

➢ It depicts a series of rituals performed

➢Made for religious purposes

Historical Context:

➢Bird Jaguar had major structures rebuilt or redesigned during his reign

➢On permanent display in the British Museum’s Mexican Display

Specific Notes:

➢ The ritual in the tablet was performed by Shield Jaguar II and his wife

➢ The ritual tablets have captives in them

➢ Lintels 24 & 25 were both removed at the end of the 19th century

Structure 33:

Artist: Medium:

➢Bird Jaguar

➢Early Mesoamericans

➢Mayans

➢ Limestone

Subject: Style:

➢ Temple like structure

➢Has a very large roof and windows

➢Mesoamerican and Central American Architecture

Why was it made?:

➢ It was made to preserve and protect important artifacts

○ Lintels 1, 2, & 3

➢May have been used to watch over a specific area

Historical Context:

➢ It overlooks the plaza and the river where there would have been a lot of business in the 8th century

➢ In the back of the structure there is a headless sculpture of a human

Specific Notes:

➢Has three separate doors

○ Each one leads to a well preserved lintel

➢ The roof is extremely well preserved

Bibliography:

➢ "Khan Academy." Khan Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2016. <https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-americas/south-america-early/chavin/a/chavin-de-huantar1>.

➢ "Khan Academy." Khan Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2016. <https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/ap-art-history/indigenous-americas/a/mesa-verde-cliff-dwellings>.

➢ https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/british-museum/the-americas-bm/meso-central-america-bm/a/maya-the-yaxchiln-lintels

Bibliography (Cont.):

➢ N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chav%C3%ADn_de_Huantar>.

➢ Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaxchilan>.