Other Art Styles of the

Late Nineteenth CenturyAP ART HISTORY

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OVERVIEW Society changed rapidly during the late nineteenth and early

twentieth centuries

The Second Industrial Revolution ocurred when new technologies were developed in the areas of steel production, chemicals and power communications.

Due to advances in medicine and agriculture, Europe population rose from 193 million in 1800 to 423 million in 1900!

During this time period, more people lived in cities than in rural areas of Europe.

The art of this period is part of the FIN DE SIECLE (end of the century, end of era) culture and is characterized by a sense of decadence combined with excitement and despair over the impending changes.

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SYMBOLISM The symbolists were modern advances in science and

technology.

Their work is characterized by the following:

A fascination with the inner world of fantasy

An emphasis on imagination over the copying of nature

An interest in depicting mythological stories and characters

Many twentieth century artists were inspired by the work of the

symbolists.

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Odilon Redon: The Cyclops (oil on

canvas ,1914)

• While the impressionists

were experimenting with

the optics of light, Redon

was working from his

imagination.

• In the 1880s he became

the leader of the new

movement called

symbolism.

• In this painting, Redon

uses the loose brushstroke

and bright colors of

impressionists to depict

mythical creature.

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Gustave Moreu: Jupiter and

Semele (oil on canvas, 1894-1895)

This painting depicts the death

of Semele, who was a mortal

lover of Jupiter. She asked that

he reveal himself in his true form

and then died as a result.

The work is inspired by

Byzantine mosaics, Indian

miniature paintings.

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Henri Rousseau – The Sleeping

Gypsy (oil on canvas, 1897)

Rousseau was a self

taught painter who was

inspired by the

illustrations found in the

books of children.

This work depicts a

sleeping mandolin player

who is unaware of the

danger posed by the lion.

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Edvard Munch, The Scream or The

Cry (casein and tempera on paper,

1893)• Munch was a Norwegian

whose psychological and

emotional artworks were a

major influence on the

development of German

Expressionism and early

twentieth century art

movement.

• He was deeply influenced by

the writings of Fyodor

Dostoyevsky.

• This piece was part of a

series he created on the life

of the soul. It comes near the

end of the cycle and

represents the height of

anxiety, the souls final

breaking point.

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SCULPTURE

In the late nineteenth century,

sculpture was not considered to be in

line with the avant garde movements.

Most sculptures of the period were

used as monuments and were still

Neoclassical in style. However, a few

artists tried to make sculpture modern.

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Jean Baptiste Carpeaux, Count

Ugolino and His Sons (marble,

1865)This sculpture illustrates a section

of Dantes Divine Comedy, in which

the imprisonment and death by

starvation of the Pisan Count

Ugolino della Gherardesca as well

as his offspring, are described in

detail.

Carpeaux chose to depict the

moment when the Count finally

yields to the temptation to devour

his children and grandchildren.

The work is influenced by

Hellenistic sculptures.

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Auguste Rodin, Gates of Hell

(bronze, 1880)

• Rodin received a commission from the

Directorate of Fine Arts for a

monumental door intended for the

Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris.

• The door was to be decorated with low

reliefs inspired in the Divine Comedy,

but Rodin chose to concentrate on the

section of the story that described Hell.

• The work is inspired by: Renaissance

era (Ghibertis Door for the Florence

Baptistery)

• Gothic sculptures from North Europe

and Dante

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ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

The Arts and Crafts Movement was the antithesis of the mass production of the modern age.

Artists who were part of this movement sought to make everyday objects that were aesthetically pleasing and handcrafted.

They formed guilds and workshops and placed an emphasis on process over product.

They were inspired by natural floral patterns

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ART NOUVEAU

Art Nouveau was a movement that

was inspired by the Arts and Crafts

Movement and characterized by a

focus on decorative arts and

architecture as well as an emphasis

on organic design.

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Victor Horta, Staircase in the Van

Eetvelde House, Brussels, 1895SS

Victor Horta, Staircase in the Van

Eetvelde House,

Horta was one of the best European Art Nouveau architects

The design of this house included filigree domes and skylights

in the center of the building.

The tracery on the skylight resembles vines and leaves.

The banister, made of wrought iron, looks like vines, combined

with the wall designs, it creates the effect of being in an exotic

forest.

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Antoni Gaudi, Casa Mila,

Barcelona, Spain 1905-1910

• Gaudi is known for his

organic architecture

• This design has very few

straight lines and

combines many of the

forms Gaudi had become

famous for, including

wrought iron railings

reminiscent of Moorish

architecture and cavelike

entrances.

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Louis Comfort Tiffany – Lotus table

lamp (1905-1910)

• Tiffany was an American

artist and designer well

known for his large stained

glass windows and his

handcrafted lamps.

• He was interested in working

with light finding new ways to

incorporate electricity into his

designs.

• In 1899 he made his first

table with light bulbs shielded

by colorful leaded glass

shades.

• He pioneered new

glassmaking methods to

create texture in areas of his

work.

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Louis Comfort TiffanySS

Austrian Secession In 1897 a group of Austrian artists who

objected to the conservatism of the Vienna

art establishment created their own

exhibition space.

The group had liberal policy and allowed

French Impressionists work to be exhibited

alongside the Austrian work.

The style is heavily based on the Art

Nouveau works od the period created in

France, Britain, Belgium and North

America.

In 1905, Gustav Klimt and other artists left

Vienna Secession due to differences of

opinion over artistc concepts.

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Gustav Klimt, The Kiss (oil on

canvas, 1907, Galerie Belvedere)SS

Gustav Klimt, The Kiss (oil and

gold leaf on canvas, 1907) Kilmts unique style combines elements of Symbolism, Arts

and Crafts and Art Nouveau

Klimt became a sought after portrait painter who specialized

in depicting Viennese society ladies.

This piece depicts the melding together of two people during

an amorous embrace

VIDEO : Khan Academy

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-

modern/symbolism/v/gustav-klimt-the-kiss-1907-8

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Gustav KlimtSS