ap biology why do venus flytraps have flytraps? ap biology plant nutrition (ch 38)
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AP Biology
Why do Venus flytraps have flytraps?
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AP Biology
Plant Nutrition(Ch 38)
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AP Biology
Physiological adaptation
Dogs pee on trees…Why don’t trees pee on dogs?
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AP Biology
Physiological adaptation
Dogs pee on trees…Why don’t trees pee on dogs?
NH3NH3
animal wasteanimal waste
plant nutrientplant nutrient
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AP Biology
Nutritional needs Autotrophic does not
mean autonomous plants need…
sun as an energy source inorganic compounds
as raw materialswater (H2O)
CO2
minerals
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AP Biology
Macronutrients Plants require these nutrients in
relatively large amounts C, O, H, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
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AP Biology
Mineral absorption Proton pumps
active transport of H+ ions out of cell chemiosmosis H+ gradient
creates membranepotential difference in charge drives cation uptake
creates gradient cotransport of other
solutes against theirgradient
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AP Biology
Micronutrients Plants require in very small amounts
Cl, Fe, Mn, Bo, Zi, Ni, Mb primarily cofactors for enzyme function
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AP Biology
Nutrient deficiencies Lack of essential nutrients
exhibit specific symptoms dependent on
function of nutrient dependent on
solubility of nutrient
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AP Biology
Magnesium deficiency Symptoms
chlorosis = yellowing of leaves Why? What is magnesium’s function?
Take 2 fertilizer pellets
& call me in the morning
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AP Biology
Chlorophyll
Why does magnesium deficiency cause chlorosis?
The chlorosis shows up in older leaves first, because plant moves Mg+ to newer leaves. Why?
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AP Biology
The role of soils Plants are dependent on soil quality
texture / structure relative amounts of various sizes of soil particles
composition organic & inorganic chemical components fertility
Agronomistsreally dig dirt!
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AP Biology
Importance of organic matter Topsoil
most important to plant growth rich in organic matter
humus decomposing organic material
breakdown of dead organisms, feces, fallen leaves & other organic refuse by bacteria & fungi
improves soil texture reservoir of minerals
organisms 1 tsp. of topsoil has ~5 billion bacteria
living with fungi, algae, protists, insects, earthworms, nematodes
So don’t rakeyour lawn or
bag your leaves
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AP Biology
Soil health as a global issueNot taking care of soil health has far-reaching, damaging consequences
1920’s Dust Bowl lack of soil conservation
growing the same crop year after year (wheat)
grazing by cattle bare ground exposed to
wind erosion in winter drought
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AP Biology
Soil health as a global issue Soil conservation & sustainable agriculture
maintaining healthy environment sustainable production of food supply economically viable farming industry
contour plowing crop rotation
“A sustainable agriculture does not deplete soils or people.” – Wendell Berry
cover crops
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AP Biology
Global issues soil fertility erosion irrigation forestry destruction
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AP Biology
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AP Biology
Fertilizers “Organic” fertilizers
manure, compost, fishmeal
“Chemical” fertilizers commercially manufactured N-P-K (ex. 15-10-5)
15% nitrogen 10% phosphorus 5% potassium
What are thepolitical, economic,
environmentalissues?
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AP Biology
Nitrogen uptake Nitrates
plants can only take up nitrate (NO3-)
Nitrogen cycle by bacteria trace path of nitrogen fixation!
What will the plant use N for?
root
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AP Biology
Soybean root nodules N fixation by Rhizobium bacteria
symbiotic relationship with bean family (legumes)
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AP Biology
Increasing soil fertility Cover crops
growing a field of plants just to plow them under usually a legume crop taking care of soil’s health
puts nitrogen back in soil
erosion control, too
Plow it under?Why would you
that?
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AP Biology 2006-2007
Some plant oddities…
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AP Biology
Parasitic plants tap into host plant vascular system What are the pros and cons? Indian pipe
Mistletoe
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AP Biology
Carnivorous plants
Why do they do this? In what type of
environment would they be found?
Pitcher plantVenus fly trapSundew
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AP Biology
Pitcher plants
Sundews
Venus flytrap
Figure 37.15c
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AP Biology Pitcher plant
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AP Biology
Plants of peat bogs High acid environment
most minerals & nutrients bound up & are not available to plants must find alternative sources of nutrients
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AP Biology
Mycorrhizae increase absorption Symbiotic relationship between fungi & plant
symbiotic fungi greatly increases surface area for absorption of water & minerals
increases volume of soil reached by plant increases transport to host plant
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AP Biology
REVIEW1. How is symbiosis critical to plant
survival and evolution?
2. How do plants take in nutrients?
3. Name two critical nutrients, and state what outcome their deprivation would have on plants.
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AP Biology 2006-2007
Any Questions??