AP HUMAN AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY CH 10 CLASS NOTESCH 10 CLASS NOTES

AP HUMAN AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY CH 10 CLASS NOTESCH 10 CLASS NOTES

Modern Language Modern Language MosaicsMosaics

(consists of lots of different things)(consists of lots of different things)

• English is dominant international language of education, commerce, & business

• WHY???

• European colonialism, & language convergence due to trade

• Most Countries Today are BI-LINGUAL to some degree– Pros / Cons???– Important to have world common

tongue?

• Some countries select a foreign language (English) as official one –

• WHY???• to avoid strife, favoritism etc.

ESPERANTO – invented world language

• Major effort to create a world language (early 20th Century)

• Based on Latin & combo of Euro languages

• World couldn’t create commitment to learn / adopt it

Don’t need to copy down!

• Esperanto is written with a modified version of the Latin alphabet, including six letters with

diacritics: ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ (with circumflex) and ŭ (with breve).

• The alphabet does not include the letters q, w, x, or y except in unassimilated foreign names.

• The 28-letter alphabet is:• a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h ĥ i j ĵ k l m n o p r s ŝ t u ŭ v z

• ENGLISH ESPERANTO• Hello = Saluton• Yes = Jes• Thank you = Dankon• Peace! = Pacon!• One beer, please = Unu bieron,

mi petas

The English Language The English Language

is Easy!!!!?is Easy!!!!?

The English Language The English Language

is Easy!!!!?is Easy!!!!?Mini – StudyMini – Study

Don’t need to write down the 5 sample Don’t need to write down the 5 sample sentences!!!!sentences!!!!

1.

•He combined his slaughter

with laughter.

2.•A Farm can produce produce.

3.•The dove dove into the bushes.

4.•The insurance for the invalid was invalid.

5.•The present is a good time to present the present.

6.•The soldier, who decided to desert in the desert while eating dessert, got his just deserts.

7.

•You have a right to write the right rite to right this ship!!!!

8.

•“Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo."

PUNCTUATION IS IMPORTANT!!!!

The Letters…

• How can punctuation change meaning???

Dear Steve,I want a man who knows what love is all about. You are generous, kind, and thoughtful. People who are not like you admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me for other men. I yearn for you. I have no feelings whatsoever when we’re apart. I can be forever happy. Will you let me be yours?Melanie

Dear Steve,

I want a man who knows what love is. All about you are generous, kind, and thoughtful people who are not like you. Admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me. For other men I yearn. For you, I have no feelings whatsoever. When we’re apart, I can be forever happy. Will you let me be?

Yours,

Melanie

(Start Copying again!!) Lingua Franca• A “common trading language”• Evolved during crusades along Med.Sea

trading routes• Traders needed to communicate

• A Language Convergence – Tongue of Franks (S. France traders) mixed

with Greeks, Italians, Spanish & Arabic

• Today, English = global lingua franca

• PIDGIN -simple language that arises from contacts between people with different mother tongues (small vocab.)– Caribbean colonization –

English / French / African speakers mix = A Pidgin English

– Used among common people, not elite

• Over time, pidgin might become the mother tongue

• CREOLIZATION – process where a new language emerges (replacement)– Gains native speakers

– Original Pidgin becomes fully adopted (called Creole language)

MULTILINGUAL STATE

• Country where more than one language is used– Switzerland, Quebec, Belgium

• MONOLINGUAL STATE – Only one language spoken– Japan, Iceland, Portugal

• TOPONOMY – study of place names (origins, meanings)

• TOPOGRAPHY – study of surface features

Classification of Place Names

• George Stewart

• Descriptive Names – Rocky Mountains• Associative Names – Mill Valley, CA• Incident Names – Battle Creek, MI

• List on p. 148• (Chicago??? Milwaukee???)