AP Psychology Period 04

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS BY

JACKELYN ORTIZ, MAINUE VUE & PA XIONG

Dissociative Disorder (Formerly Known as Multiple Personality Disorders)

Dissociate means “separation/disconnection” Disorder means “lack of order”Definition: A disruption of and/or discontinuity in the

normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior.

Our definition: A mental disorder that is distinguished by fugue (a period during which a person suffers from loss of memory) states and/or they consist of multiple personalities.

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

A. Distr ibut ion of ident i ty can be character ized by 2 or more var ious types of personal i ty. According to some cul tures , this divis ions of ident i ty may be ident i f ied as an experience of possession. This dis t r ibut ion in ident i ty involves permanent interrupt ion in sense of self & sense of agency (our abi l i ty to take act ion, be effect ive, inf luence our own l i fe , and assume responsibi l i ty for our behaviors) . I t is a lso associated with re la ted al ternat ions in affect , behavior, consciousness , memory awareness , thinking, and/or sensor-motor funct ioning. These par t icular people can easi ly be recognized.

B. Repet i t ive cycle of loss of memory. Cannot recal l everyday events , important personal information, and t raumatic events .

C. The symptoms creates c l inical ly s ignif icant anxiety in damaging social , occupat ional ( job-related business) , or o ther important areas of funct ioning.

D. The dis turbance is not normal ly a par t of common accepted socio-cul tural pract ice . Note: In chi ldren, the symptoms are not bet ter explained by imaginary playmates or other fantasy play.

E. The symptoms are not obtainable to the physiological effects of a substance or other medical cases .

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

Diagnostic Features The presence of two or more distinct personality states

or an experience of possession (Criterion A). Individuals vary in their awareness and attitude toward

their amnesias. Possession-form identities typically manifest as

behaviors that appear as if a “spirit”, supernatural being, or outside person has taken control of the person speaking and acting in a diff erent manner.

Features Supporting Diagnosis comorbid depression, anxiety, substance abuse, self-

injury, seizures, & common symptoms Flashbacks of sensory reliving past events as it is

occurring in the present.

DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES/FEATURES SUPPORTING DIAGNOSIS

Among the adults in the U.S community study was 1.5%

GENDERS:•Males: 1.6%• Females: 1.4%

PREVALENCE

Linked with overwhelming experiences, traumatic events, and/or abuse during childhood

In children, they may have problems with memory, concentration, attachment, and traumatic play.

Children present mainly with overlap and interference among mental states (Criterion A phenomena).

Older individuals present to late-life mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, paranoia, psychotic mood disorders, or even cognitive disorder due to dissociative amnesia.

Overt changes in identity may be triggered by:1. Removal from traumatizing situation2. Individuals' children reach the same age when they were

abused or traumatized3. Later traumatic experiences (ex: minor car accident) 4. The death of or il lness of their abuser(s)

DEVELOPMENT & COURSE

May show involuntary, distressing, uncontrollable, and persistent actions depending on they're surrounding family,social, or work.

May show unexplained symptoms like non-epileptic seizures,paralyses, or sensory loss in cultural setting were it is common.

Their identity may be spirits, deities, demons, animals, or mythical fi gures.

Gender Features: • Females have fl ashbacks, amnesia, fugue,functional

neurological symptoms, hallucinations, and self mutilation.• Males show more criminal and violent behavior like

combat or physical assaults.• Females with this disorder show more on adults than

children.

CULTURE-RELATED DIAGNOSTIC ISSUES/GENDER FEATURES

CULTURE-RELATED DIAGNOSTIC:

70% outpatients attempted suicide with multiple attempts or self-injuries.

90%of this disorder were involved in physical and sexual abuse. The other 10% had traumatizing experiences that include childhood medical, surgical procedures, war, childhood prostitution, and terrorism.

RISKS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS

Other specified dissociative disorder.Major depressive disorder.Bipolar disorders.Posttraumatic stress disorder.Psychotic disorders.Substance/medication-indused disorders.Personality disorders.Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom

disorder).Seizure disorders.Factitious disorder and malingering.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weLvkZGr9Tw

CASE STUDY

Cognitive perspective because the people who have dissociative disorders suff er from memory loss.

The person with this disorder will always have many diff erent personality. Also, they can NOT controlled it and do not know what they have done.

This disorder is cause by an abuser in that person childhood and to make them change in personality/behaviors due to the situation that is similar to the past.

This disorder is quite sad to be honest. The surrounding love ones may get enormously aff ected knowing that the treatments are only working for a temporary amount of time.

GROUP’S PERSPECTIVE