1607-1763AP REVIEW

INDENTURED SERVANTS

• Europeans who came to the colonies under contract for labor (3 to 7 years)• Received transportation, food, clothing, lodging

and other necessities during the time of indenture

TRADE AND NAVIGATION ACTS

• 1651• Restricted foreign shipping for trade between

England and its colonies with purpose of:• 1. More profit for England• 2. Stop trade with other countries

MAYFLOWER COMPACT

• Written by Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower as a covenant to obey the rules• Women not included

ROGER WILLIAMS

• Founded the colony of Rhode Island for religious toleration due to religious persecution by Puritans

GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION

• 1629 to 1640• King Charles I dissolved Parliament• Prevents Puritan leaders from working within the

system to effect change• Made them vulnerable to persecution• Twenty thousand men, women, and children

migrate to MBC

NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION

• Military alliance consisting of New England colonies with purpose of uniting Puritans against Native Americans

FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCES

• Puritan idea to practice their religion freely and their desire to promote religious tolerance

JONATHAN EDWARDS

• Key Christian preacher of the 1st Great Awakening • Preached against wealth in churches• Sermons were geared toward youth who believed

that did not fit in

HALFWAY COVENANT

• Devised in response to dwindling church attendance• Allowed non-church member parents to have

their children baptized as long as they agreed to raise the children in the church

SALEM WITCH TRIALS

• Occurs 1692-93 colonial Massachusetts• Common belief that the devil caused disease and

other natural catastrophes• Brought on by hysteria and accusations of

teenaged girls believed to be afflicted• 200 people accused, 20 people executed

CITY ON A HILL

• Phrase from 1630 sermon given by John Winthrop• Telling the colonists of MBC that their capital city

of Boston would be the model of Christianity that the world would be watching

WILLIAM PENN

• Quaker founder of Pennsylvania• Founded as haven of religious toleration• Noted for making and not breaking treaties with

Native Americans

PROPRIETARY COLONY

• Colonies that were granted to an individual or group by the British crown and had full rights of self-government• Ex. Maryland and Pennsylvania

CHARTER COLONIES

• A type of colony in which an individual or group had to first obtain a charter to establish the colony• The King established the rules under which the

colony was to be governed through the charter• Ex. Connecticut and MBC

ROYAL COLONY

• Colonies governed by the King’s appointed officials• By the start of the Am. Rev. only Rhode Island

and Connecticut were not royal colonies

PETER ZENGER TRIAL/1735

• As publisher of the New York Weekly Journal, Zenger is arrested for printing libelous comments about the governor of New York, William Cosby• Zenger is found not guilty• Important case in the foundations of freedom of

speech in America

KING PHILIP’S WAR

• 1675-1676• Caused by the continued invasion of Puritans onto

Native American land• Led by Metacomet, chief of the Wampanoag

Indians who was called King Philip by the Puritans• After the fighting ended, only a few isolated

Indian communities survived

GEORGE WHITEFIELD

• Probably the most famous religious figure of the eighteenth century• Traveled the colonies 1730s and 1740s preaching

to large crowds• His impact help begin the Great Awakening

GREAT AWAKENING

• The widespread colonial revival of religion• Considered to be an American version of the

Protestant Reformation• Decadence was condemned with calls for purity

and piety

THOMAS HOBBES

• Author of Leviathon• Philosophy centered around life in a state of

nature with no rules would be brutal and short• Believed in a social contract where the state kept

peace and order• Believed an absolute monarchy was the best form

of government

MERCANTILISM

• Theory of trade in which a nation should export more than it imports• “Favorable balance of trade”• Developed in Europe after the decline of

feudalism• Governments enacted policies that protected

their business interests against foreign competition

BACON’S REBELLION

• Virginia 1675-1676• Led by Nathaniel Bacon which began as the

indiscriminate attacks on Native Americans• Escalated to attacks on the colonial capital of

Jamestown when Virginia governor William Berkeley attempted to stop Bacon’s attacks on Native American communities

HARVARD COLLEGE

• Founded in 1636 and located in Cambridge, Massachusetts• Oldest institution of higher learning in the United

States

MIDDLE PASSAGE

• Of the triangular slave trade, it was the voyage from Africa to colonies in the Americas• Estimated that 1 in every 6 Africans died during

this leg of the passage• Other terms associated:• Tight packers and loose packers• Olaudah Equiano

PHYLLIS WHEATLY

• Most famous of the African American writers during the revolutionary period• Her book “Poems on Various Subjects, Religious

and Moral was published in 1773• Her works centered around religion and concern

for African Americans

PURITANS

• Sought to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic rituals• Led settlement of MBC

PILGRIMS

• English religious dissenters who founded Plymouth Colony

SEPARATISTS

• Radical branch of Puritanism• Believed that the Church of England was too

corrupt to be reformed• Sought to completely separate from the C of E

HOUSE OF BURGESSES

• Established in Virginia 1619• First body of representative government in the

English colonies

ANNE HUTCHINSON

• Outspoken wife of a Puritan merchant• Criticized certain Boston ministers for not acting

pious• Excommunicated and banished from MBC• Resettled in Rhode Island

WILLIAM BRADFORD

• Led the voyage of Pilgrims to form Plymouth Colony• Drafted the Mayflower Compact• Served as governor for over 30 years

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

• 1754-1763• AKA 7 Years War in Europe• Fought for control of N. America between the

British and the French and their Indian allies• Some effects included:• British began to impose stricter control over the

colonies• Colonists began to develop a sense of identity

separate from England

JOHN LOCKE

• English philosopher• Believed that the purpose of government was to

protect a person’s natural rights• “Life, liberty, and property”

IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY

• Confederation of six Indian tribes across upper New York • Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca,

and Tuscarora • Played a strategic role between the French and

British for trade and during war

HEADRIGHT SYSTEM

• Instituted by the Virginia Company to solve labor issues in the colonies• Awards of large plantations to wealthy colonists

on the condition that they transport workers from England at their own cost

SALUTARY NEGLECT

• Britain's unofficial policy to relax the enforcement of strict trade laws, imposed on the American colonies late in the 17th and early 18th century

• Started by prime minister Robert Walpole• Allowed the American colonies to prosper by trading

with countries other than England• Then spend that wealth on British-made goods• Unintended side effect:• Colonies operated independently of Britain• Economically and politically• Developed an American identity

ALBANY PLAN OF UNION

• Proposal of B. Franklin to organize Indian affairs, western settlement, and other items of mutual interest under authority of one general government• British feared that they might not be able to

control the union• Colonies rejected the idea fearing loss of their

autonomy

JAMES OGLETHORPE

• Leader of the colony of Georgia• Wanted to establish a buffer from Spanish

invasion from Florida and create a haven for poor British farmers• Initially, slavery was prohibited, but in 1752 the

colony was opened up to slavery