a.p. united states history u.s. history first half review
TRANSCRIPT
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A.P. UNITED STATES HISTORY
U.S. History
First Half Review
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I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion
• Protestant Reformation
• Roman Catholic Church
• Petrine Theory
• Slide 19
• “Bishop of Rome”
• Powers of the Pope
• Excommunication
• Interdict
• Martin Luther
• Slide 20
• “Faith vs. Works”
• “the just shall live by faith”
• Indulgences
• Johann Tetzel
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I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion
• Mass
• Transubstantiation
• Consubstantiation
• Ninety-Five Theses
• Wittenberg
• Diet of Worms
• Excommunication
• “Here I make my stand, I cannot recant. God be with me.”
• Protestant
• Lutheran
• John Calvin
• Presbyterian Church
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I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion
• Predestination
• “the elect”
• Institutes of the Christian Religion
• Henry VIII
• Slide 21
• The Divorce
• Catherine of Aragon
• Annulment
• Spain
• Anglican (Church of England)
• Episcopal
• Counter-Reformation
• Jesuits
• “Teaching” Priests
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I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion
• Jesuit Colleges
• Loyola College
• Spring Hill College
• Inquisition
• Slide 22
• Heresy
• Puritans
• Moral Codes
• Threat to the Social Order
• Critical of Church/State
• Theocracy
• Pilgrims
• Plymouth Rock
• Massachusetts Bay Colony
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I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion
• John Winthrop
• “city on a hill”
• Salem
• “Jeremiads”
• Witchcraft
• Tituba
• Spectral Evidence
• “Outlivers”
• Slide 23
• Demise of the Puritans
• Yankees
• The Great Awakening
• Frontier Revivalism
• Enlightenment
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I. Importance/Emphasis on Religion
• Faith vs. Reason
• Alexis de Tocqueville
• Democracy in America
• America is unlike any European nation due to their reliance upon religion
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II. The French Revolution
• Old Regime
• Bourbon Dynasty
• Louis XIV
• “the Sun King”
• “I am touched”
• Versailles
• Slide 24
• Three Estates
• First-Clergy (Tax Free)
• Second-Nobility
• Third-Commoners (96% of population)
• Bankruptcy
• Taxation
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II. The French Revolution
• First/Second Estates were exempt
• Revolt Against Louis XVI
• Marie Antoinette
• 14 July 1789
• Slide 25
• Declaration of the Rights of Man
• “Unholy Trinity”
• Robespierre
• Danton
• Marat
• “the body politic”
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II. The French Revolution
• Anything harmful must be purged
• First Estate
• Second Estate
• Reign of Terror
• “purging the body politic”
• Louis Guillotine
• Slide 26
• 16.000-40,000
• Fear of Democracy
• Napoleon Bonaparte
• The Directory
• Napoleon I
• Slide 27
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II. The French Revolution
• Napoleonic Wars
• Louisiana Purchase
• 828,000 Square Miles (3¢/Acre)
• Slide 28
• Napoleon Invades Russia
• Slide 29
• Napoleon Abdicates
• Elba
• The Hundred Days
• Waterloo (June 1815)
• St. Helena’s Island
• Louis XVII
• Congress of Vienna
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III. Jefferson vs. Hamilton
• Slide 30
• Revolutionary Ideas
• Egalitarianism
• Gender Roles
• George Washington
• Deference
• Thomas Jefferson
• Alexander Hamilton
• Jefferson’s Ideology
• Democracy
• Nobility of All Men
• Strict Construction
• Pro-Agrarian
• Pro-France
• Democratic-Republican Party
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III. Jefferson vs. Hamilton
• Hamilton’s Ideology
• Republican
• Oligarchic
• Depravity of Man
• Loose Construction
• Pro-Industry
• Tariffs
• Pro-Britain
• Federalist Party
• Election of 1800
• “Revolution of 1800”
• Twelfth Amendment
• 11 July 1804
• Weehawken, NJ
• Federalist Judges
• John Marshall
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IV. Westward Expansion
• Post-Revolutionary War (Ohio River Valley to the Western Frontier)
• Slide 31
• Louisiana Purchase
• Slide 32
• Missouri Compromise
• 36° 30’
• Slide 33
• Compromise of 1850
• Slide 34
• One Slave; One Free
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• Slide 35
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IV. Westward Expansion
• Intercontinental Railroad
• Francis Parkman
• “most fundamental aspect of U.S. History”
• Cause of American Civil War????
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V. Slavery
• “The Peculiar Institution”
• North: Anti-Slavery
• Not conducive to Factories
• Irish
• South: Pro-Slavery
• Untrained Labor
• the Planter Aristocracy
• Controversies
• Ostend Manifesto
• Acquire Cuba at “any cost”
• Defeated due to fear of spread of slavery
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V. Slavery
• Wilmot Proviso
• 1840-1860
• No Slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico
• Death of Whig Party
• Conscience Whigs
• Cotton Whigs
• John Brown
• Slide 36
• Harper’s Ferry
• Prophecy
• Ralph Waldo Emerson: “one day the gallows will be as hallowed as the cross”
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V. Slavery
• Election of 1860
• Slide 37
• Lincoln Elected
• Did not appear on any Southern ballot
• Lower South Secedes
• South Carolina
• U.S. Forts in Southern Territory
• Fort Sumter
• Bombing of Fort Sumter
• Upper South Secedes
• Slide 38
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