AP European HistoryNovember 4– 16th 2019

Please Note that this is a two-week lesson plan (ambitious I know) The information about the next unit test is posted below which will include a take-

home MCQ on the Quia website See information under Friday November 15th for an independent study packet of

18th century European society and culture. This will count as a test grade and will mostly be done outside of class while we proceed with the next Unit The 18th century Paradoxes: Enlightenment and War

MONDAY Examine the effects of the English Civil War(OS-9) (SP-2) Analyze 3 primary sources on the civil war and the death of Charles I(OS-9)(SP-2)

Materials Strategy/FormatPPT and primary sources Lecture-discussion((OS-9)(SP-2)SL.CCR.1)

Close-Text readingTensions Building Against the King

In the House of Commons an opposition movement started under John Pym who received support from several Puritan members of the Lords. The Earl of Stafford and William Laud were both arrested and executed without Charles I lifting a finger.

In 1641, news of the Irish Uprising reached London, provoking a crisis over whether King or Parliament should control the army that was needed to quell the rebellion. Against a background of riots and civil unrest, the King and royal family were forced to flee from London. By January 1642 following Charles' disastrous attempt to arrest members regarded as his leading opponents in Parliament. During the spring and summer of 1642, as King and Parliament appealed for the support of the nation and maneuvered to gain control of the armed forces, a violent confrontation became inevitable. King Charles raised his battle standard at Nottingham Castle on 22 August 1642, which was his call-to-arms and the beginning of the English Civil War. His supporters came to be known as the Cavaliers. Ironically, the navy that Charles had built on the proceeds of ship-money declared for Parliament. Having lost London to the Parliamentarians, Charles set up his court and military headquarters at Oxford. The Cavaliers drew most of their support from northern and western areas.

The Parliamentary army became known as the Roundheads and Puritan noble Oliver Cromwell was given command of what came to be called the New Model Army.

The Fighting and Why the Roundheads won?Who will have an advantage here?Battle of Marston Moor in 1644 was the largest battle1. The Solemn League and Covenant (alliance with Scotland and a future with a Presbyterian system in both

countries) This is actually the beginning of what came to called Great Britain 2. The leadership of Cromwell and the New Model Army (why better?)3. Battle of Naseby in 1645 was the kings final defeat!

Why did the King Have to Die?1. After Charles I agreed to new elections, an overwhelming number of Puritans won seats. In a final bid to

control Parliament, the king dispersed the House of Commons with an armed invasion known as Pride’s Purge. The parliamentarians re-convened in another location and placed Charles I on trial for treason, this came to be known as the Rump Parliament.

2. At this session, the Rump Parliament called for the abolishment of Anglicanism, House of Lords, and death for Charles I

InstructionsAnswer the primary source questions before the end of class

HomeworkTake this brief practice quiz. This is for review and not document based. There are a few questions that you might need to look up. It is due tomorrow by 7am

Central and Eastern European absolutismhttp://www.quia.com/quiz/4443225.html

TUESDAY Examine the development of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate Period 1649-1660) (OS-9)(SP-2)

Materials Strategy/FormatPPT Lecture-discussion((OS-9)(SP-2)SL.CCR.1)

Introduction Last week we saw that the serious issues that evolved throughout the reigns of the James I and Charles I led

to Civil War. The war (1642 – 1651) was terrible and impacted all aspects of life in England and the death toll probably neared 200,000. After the death of Charles, I the Parliament outlawed Anglicanism and replaced it with Calvinism. With it came alteration in society and culture. The House of Lords was completely abolished and titles of nobility were also under assault. As the dates imply, the fighting of the civil war continued even after the death of the king.

The development of England’s first and only period of life without the monarchy was controversial

The Commonwealth Period In 1649, The Rump of the Long Parliament declared that England "shall henceforth be governed as a

Commonwealth and Free State by the supreme authority of this nation, the representatives of the People in Parliament … and that without any King or House of Lords." The government was basically run by an appointed Council of State (largely composed of its own Members) to act as the executive branch of government. Further, in 1650, every adult male was required to take the "Engagement," a sort of loyalty oath. It said "I do declare and promise, that I will be true and faithful to the Commonwealth of England, as it is now established, without a King or House of Lords". Not surprisingly many were unwilling to subscribe; the Rump was widely regarded as illegitimate and survived only because of Army support.

So right from the beginning many people, even those who had supported the Parliament began to have doubts. It was apparent to many that they had simply exchanged one divine right ruler for another.

The Invasion of Ireland Given the history of trouble between Protestant England and Catholic Ireland, it is probably not surprising

that Cromwell might be interested in striking there. The situation in Ireland was complex and when the Civil War erupted the Irish generally supported Charles I as he had given a general pledge of toleration for Catholics.

Charles I's execution, his son Charles was proclaimed King in Ireland by an alliance of Royalist Protestants and Anglo-Irish Catholics hoping for toleration. By August 1649, Oliver Cromwell arrived with an army of 12,000 troops. During the next ten months, Cromwell subdued Ireland entirely in a bloody and successful campaign. Cromwell's men stormed Drogheda Castle and massacred over 2,000 defenders. Cromwell said, "I am persuaded that this is a righteous judgment of God upon these barbarous wretches who have imbued their hands in so much innocent blood, and that it will tend to prevent the effusion of blood for the future, which are the satisfactory grounds to such actions, which otherwise cannot but work remorse and regret."

Over the course of the next three years’ Irish resistance was crushed. he Act for the Settlement of Ireland authorized the expropriation of land on a grand scale - eleven million acres of land (out of Ireland's roughly twenty million) were confiscated. Much was given to English soldiers in lieu of wages, who in turn sold it to Protestant settlers. By 1656, four-fifths of Irish land was owned by Protestants. This is the origins of a history of violence and bloodshed between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants who were loyal to England that even now occasionally erupts.

Meanwhile In Scotland Of course the Scots had invaded to support the Parliament forces but did not agree to the execution of their

king and immediately declared Charles II as their king (eventually he'll be the king of England as well). While like his precedents Charles II had no taste for Presbyterianism he thought that Scotland was worth the Covenant. Charles went to Scotland and subscribed to the Solemn League and Covenant, 23 June 1650. (His coronation was at Scone, 1 January 1651, the last King crowned in Scotland.

After Cromwell's forces invaded Scotland they were nearly defeated. But at the battle of Dunbar, the tide turned. Charles II who at one point had to climb up in a tree and hide, was soon spirited away to France. The surviving Scots from the battle surviving Scots soldiers were transported to the West Indies, as "indentured servants."

By 1652 campaign, Scotland (like Ireland) was reduced to an English province. The term Great Britain was now commonly used.

War with the Dutch More proof that religion was no longer a source of unity is revealed by the war between the two now

Calvinist nations, Britain and Holland. As you know by 1648, the Dutch had achieved complete independence from Spain. After 1650, both England and the Netherlands were Protestant republics.Until 1650 Charles I's son-in-law, William II of Orange was Stadholder of the Netherlands and had wielded great influence. But in 1650, he died two weeks before the birth of his heir  -  son of Mary Stuart, and grandson of Charles I. The office of Stadholder was abolished, and Holland's merchants gained more power.

The two countries had political interests in common, they were rivals in trade and commerce.In 1623, the Dutch had killed a number of English merchants in the East Indies.There was also long-standing competition over the carrying trade. In 1650, the Council of State made overtures to settle the problem by compromise. The Dutch saw this "compromise" as an attempt to undermine their sovereignty, and rejected it. So, Parliament passed another series of the Navigation Acts 1651.

The fighting was all naval in nature and despite some stunning victories, the English won a series of engagements in 1653. The English captured or destroyed four times as many ships as the Dutch. By 1654, England made peace with the Netherlands, giving them generous terms in the Treaty of Westminster. The English hoped to promote good relations with fellow Protestants and to avoid the return to power of the Orange family. As it turns out, this was a fateful turn of events.

The End of the Commonwealth The Commonwealth was growing more unstable. They began planning to reduce the size of the Army, and

to organize elections. Cromwell and the Army alleged that the House intended not to hold elections for a

wholly new Parliament, but simply to make up their numbers - i.e. so that the existing c. 150 MPs would automatically retain their seats. In 1650 Cromwell assembled forces and surrounded the Parliament.

Cromwell rose in Parliament and essentially told the group that they had outlived their usefulness. e dissolution of the Rump effectively ended England's brief experiment with republican government:  it was replaced by a military dictatorship until (after a brief period of virtual anarchy) monarchy was restored in 1660. What followed was durect rule by Cromwell. After dissolving the Rump, Cromwell did not organize elections; instead he nominates 144 "godly" men. This "Nominated Parliament" was often called "Barebones." This is also sometimes known as the "Rule of the 36" after the 36 military districts that were created. In 1653, Cromwell assumed the office of Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Not surprisingly people challenged Cromwell's right to rule and rebellions started to breakout with sometimes former enemies joining forces.

ConclusionIn 1658 Cromwell died but already moves had been made to restore the monarchy under Charles II who was in France. There was an attempt to elevate Cromwell's son to Protector status but this came to nothing. A delegation of nobles and Clergy was sent to France to ask Charles II to return Stuart Rule to England, and of course, he had to agree to rule with Parliament.

HomeworkTomorrow we will have some recap questions at the end the lesson on the Restoration and the Glorious Revolution. The questions will come at the end of class with you reading the Restoration (with a brief review) and we will together discuss the Glorious Revolution 1688-89Follow the Link below and read the source about Charles II and the Restoration Periodhttps://spartacus-educational.com/STUrestoration.htm Go to the bottom of the page and also read the very short primary sources (you can omit the last, longest one)The Recap Questions will be open note. So, you can make any notes that you’d like to use but you may not use a photocopy of it!

WEDNESDAY (Recap Questions at the end of the lesson) Examine the causes and events of the Restoration and the Glorious Revolution (OS-9)(SP-2)

Materials Strategy/FormatPPT and video? Lecture-discussion

and assessment (SL.CCR.1)

Introduction So, last night you read and one would assume made a few notes on the Restoration Period of British

History. The arrival of Charles II was greeted with happiness and relief by all except of course the Puritans who had toppled his father. For some of these leaders it was the death sentence but for others, it was simply clear that the decades old power struggle within the Anglican Church was effectively over.

The 1660 Act of Conciliation and Oblivion was given the royal assent in August 1660. Most of those who had supported the Commonwealth and Protectorate régimes were granted a free pardon but a number of individuals were excepted. Some sixty were named for capital punishment as various drafts of the bill passed between the Lords and Commons during the summer of 1660. However 39 of the so-called "regicides" were brutally dispatched.

The Restoration (sometimes called the Cavalier) Parliament also disbanded the New Model Army but actually raised a poll tax to pay their salaries and the King was allowed to maintain a 3,500 man standing army. Militia Act of 1661 confirmed that the monarch, as head of state, was supreme commander of the army and navy. This settled one of the most important questions over which the English Civil War had been fought. Although the prerogative courts that had enabled Charles I's autocratic personal rule during the 1630s were not revived, the Cavalier Parliament did not question the monarch's right to appoint ministers and state officials or to direct foreign policy.

Signs of Trouble Very soon it was becoming apparent that Charles II was going to resist Parliamentary control. The Crown

remained dependent upon Parliament for revenue, but it was found that the annual sum granted by the Convention was insufficient to meet Charles II's expenses. In 1662, the Cavalier Parliament imposed the Hearth Tax ,a type of property tax as a supplemental tax to make up the shortfall. This caused great resentment because collectors and constables were given authority to enter households to inspect the number of hearths for taxation. Even with the tax Charles II soon outspent his allotment and MPs were getting a little sick of the king's lifestyle.

The Act of Uniformity of 1662 brought all ordained clergymen under the doctrines and liturgy of the established Church. Candidates for the ministry had to be ordained by a bishop according to the rites of the Church of England. They were required to renounce the Solemn League and Covenant and to declare their acceptance of the revised Book of Common Prayer and all doctrinal articles sanctioned by the Church. Hundreds of Presbyterian and non-conformist clergymen were ejected from their livings on St Bartholomew's Day 1662 (obviously a symbolic date) for refusing to comply with the Act of Uniformity.

MPs were also a bit concerned when the King started surrounding himself with Catholic ministers. To counter this trend Parliament passed the Clarendon Code (and later the Test Act) asserting that all high ranking members of the military, government, and even education must swear allegiance to the Anglican Church (they reasoned that a true Catholic could never do this).

The 1670Treaty of Dover was a secret negotiation between Charles II and Louis XIV that would have granted the Stuart king a sum of money in exchange for working toward a Catholic England. In a weird turn of events one Titus Oates claimed to have evidence that the King was trying to return Catholicism. Through a Jesuit plot Charles II would name his brother the Duke of York heir, a know devout Catholic. Even though Oates couldn't prove anything, enough people believed him to cause great concern.

The Formation of the Whigs and Tories An important byproduct of the growing tensions over Charles II actions was the creation of the UK's first

political parties. The Tories (earlier known as the Court Party for their support of the King) were the more conservative and pro-royalty faction. However, a powerful opposition group formed known as the Whigs (the Country Party) largely due to the King's actions. In three successive Parliamentary elections Whigs won many seats in the Commons. This is important because tougher legislation was passed constraining the king's actions.

The 1679 Habeas Corpus Act a new Exclusion Bill was introduced and passed by the House of Commons; James The Duke of York was declared incapable of succeeding to the Crown, which, in the event of the king dying without male issue, was to pass to the nearest Protestant heir. Charles was determined not to allow the exclusion of his brother, and he prorogued the parliament, but not till it had passed, almost if not quite by accident, the Habeas Corpus Act. Theoretically an accused person could procure a writ of Habeas Corpus which required that he be either brought up for trial or set at liberty. But the lawyers had discovered devices enough by which the issuing of the writs could be deferred almost indefinitely. The new Act required that trial or release should take place within a definite time after application for the writ. This was important civil rights measure in the future but for now, it was likely a ploy to protect Whig dissenters.

Synthesis Point: Impact on American HistoryThe Restoration Colonies were the largest wave of colony building during the colonial period. Check out the link and see how these colonies came togetherhttps://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/history/us-history-i/seventeenth-century-colonial-settlements/restoration-colonies

The Rise of James II and the Glorious Revolution So, unlike the usual succession issue here there were too many male claimants to the throne. As a result the

Duke of York became king in 1681 and the tensions immediately escalated. James II immediately defied Parliament by naming Catholic officials but the real final straw with the birth of a male heir baptized as a Catholic. A delegation offered the crown to William, the Dutch stadholder whose wife Mary was a Stuart.

The Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 replaced the reigning king, James II, with the joint monarchy of his protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange. It was the keystone of the Whig

(those opposed to a Catholic succession) history of Britain. According to the Whig account, the events of the revolution were bloodless and the revolution settlement established the supremacy of Parliament over the crown, setting Britain on the path towards constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.

But it ignores the extent to which the events of 1688 constituted a foreign invasion of England by another European power, the Dutch Republic. Although bloodshed in England was limited, the revolution was only secured in Ireland and Scotland by force and with much loss of life.

William and Mary take the thronePopular rights were further definitely asserted; the right of presenting petitions to the- king, violated by the treatment of the seven bishops; the right of free election and free debate in parliament; and the right to the frequent assembly of parliament. The crown was offered to William and Mary conditionally on their acceptance of this latest charter of national liberties. Their acceptance was accompanied by the Act of Settlement fixing the succession on the lines laid down; and William and Mary were proclaimed king and queen of England and Ireland on February 13, 1689. Thus was the Glorious Revolution of Whig tradition carried to completion; and since the official New Year was still dated not from the January 1 but from March 25, 1688 remained the titular date year of the new order.

HomeworkStudy for quiz tomorrow on the James I, English Civil War Commonwealth-Protectorate-Restoration-Glorious Revolution. This quiz will include some primary sources.

THURSDAY (QUIZ) Quiz on James I, English Civil War, Commonwealth-Protectorate-Restoration-Glorious Revolution.

Materials Strategy/FormatQuiz forms Assessment and Review

InstructionsWrite on your paper but attach a quiz form.

HomeworkNone

FRIDAY 1/2 dayWe have been instructed by the Supreme Soviet to make to plans to teach on this day. So……yea…

MONDAY

TUESDAY November 12th Examine key factors in the rise and decline of Dutch power(OS-9)(SP-2)

Materials Strategy/FormatPowerpoints Lecture-discussion

Introduction Today we will conclude our discussion of the formation of constitutional nation-states in the late 17th and

early 18th centuries. We have seen that their tended to be two patterns at work: one was the absolutist model followed by Spain (Philip II) and France (Louis XIV) and the constitutional model followed by Britain. This week we will examine several more states and their development. Today we will look briefly at the Dutch model which was the height of constitutional development.

The United Provinces (popularly referred incorrectly as Holland) was one of the most powerful maritime nations, had the strongest economy, and to a large degree was the most tolerant of the 17th century states.

The Development of Dutch Power and Background

When we first examined Holland it was during the period known as the Spanish Fury (1570s) when Spain was attempting to enforce its control over the Low Countries. Philip II sent the Duke of Alba to crush a rebellion against Spanish tax policies (The Tenth Penny)

The suppression also resulted in the creation of a civil war as Union of Utrecht (Calvinist Protestant) led by William of Orange battled the Union of Arras (pro-Catholic and Spanish). In the Treaty of Nonsuch England openly aided the Protestants leading to the Spanish Armada three years later in 1588. By 1609 Spain signed a truce with the Northern Provinces represented by Utrecht. Though not technically independent until the end of the 30 Years War (1648) the Dutch were already developing into an economic power. In the late 17th century, they will develop quickly into a military force.

The Political Structure of Holland Following its independence from Spain, Holland developed into a republic without a king (there will be a

monarchy but not until 1815). This was essentially a confederation of provinces (United Provinces) originally including Belgium a.k.a. The Spanish Netherlands (became independent in the early 19th century) and Luxembourg (independent in 1839). The stadholder was a position similar to a prime minister. William of Orange was the first powerful stadholder.

Economic Power Early on Dutch had established trade and commerce and represented the most powerful banking interest on

the continent. The new Dutch prosperity is based almost entirely on overseas trade. In the second half of the 17th century the Dutch merchant fleet equaled that of England, France, Spain and Portugal combined. And Dutch wages are the highest in Europe, perhaps some 20% above the equivalent in England. Clearly the Dutch middle class became a model for all other to emulate. One of the most important aspects of the Dutch economy was the development of the joint stock company, a forerunner of the modern corporation. With the support of the state, private citizens invested in joint overseas ventures. The risk and reward were shared. This also became the model of the British system that soon competed with the Dutch.

The Dutch East India Company: First Multinational Joint Stock CompanyThe 17th Century has often been called the Golden Age when Amsterdam was a major commercial center, while the Bank of Amsterdam served as the clearinghouse for credit transactions throughout Northern Europe. The Dutch controlled trade routes in the Baltic and the North Sea. With the formation of the Dutch East India Company in 1602, the Dutch revolutionized global trade, establishing factories, ports and settlements all over the Pacific.

The Dutch East India Company was a first of its kind in Northern Europe, having taken trade routes away from the Germanic Hanseatic League. It was a joint stock company formed by investors. This type of company had been used somewhat in Italy. But in Spain and Portugal, the leading countries of exploration at the time, it was unheard of.

The Dutch republic, rejecting the claims of monarchy and acquiring wealth more rapidly than any other state, could avoid provoking hostility - above all from England, its immediate neighbor over the water and its greatest rival for new international trade. The years from 1652 to 1674 include no less than three successive Anglo-Dutch wars .

Anglo-Dutch WarsThe first clash at sea between England and the United Provinces comes at a period, in 1652, when both nations are republics - England as the self-proclaimed Commonwealth which has executed its monarch in 1649, and the United Provinces as a republic which has at last achieved full international recognition in 1648. As Protestant republics, the two should have been in sympathy. But as maritime nations, competing for trade around the world, and together requiring the Channel and the North Sea for access to their home harbors, they have everything to fight for.   The Dutch have a stronger trading position. Their dominance in the Far East has been brutally asserted in 1623, with a massacre of English merchants. They have more recently seen off English fleets in the Mediterranean. But geographically they have a major disadvantage in relation to England. To bring home their merchantmen, heavily laden with valuable goods, they have to escort them through waters close to British shores - either through the Channel, or by the northern route round Scotland.

Between 1649 and 1651 the leaders of the Commonwealth double the size of the English fleet. By 1652 they were ready to challenge Dutch merchant fleets passing through the Channel. The first engagement is an inconclusive encounter between a Dutch fleet commanded by Maarten Tromp and an English squadron under Robert Blake (not the poet). They were two of the best admirals of the time. The third was led by Michiel de Ruyter, who fights brilliantly for the Dutch in later stages of the conflict. It is he who carries off the famous triumph (or in British eyes the outrageous affront) of sailing up the Thames and into the Medway in 1667, to destroy much of the English fleet in its home base.The immediate terms effect of these wars would be less important than the overall result. The important underlying change were that the English navy had grown steadily in strength and stature and can now staked a claim - fully justified in the next century - to be the world's leading maritime power. The decline of Dutch power was in its military but as long as it maintained its economy, they remained an important player.

ConclusionThe history of the 17th century was full of irony. After a period of warfare, the Dutch stadholder William of Orange-Nassau becomes King William III of England. This marked the end of Anglo-Dutch rivalry.

WEDNESDAY Compare and Contrast the political theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke (OS-9) (SP-2)

Materials Formatsbrief ppt Discussion and docs.

Introduction The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was a major turning point not only in Britain but also in Europe (and

America). The political shift moved toward a far more liberal viewpoint that would soon spread. Britain never gave up the monarchy again but it was certainly constrained in a new way. Today we will compare and contrast the views of two important philosophers, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. This is also the first glimpse at two political views: conservatism and liberalism.

One of the most important debates that evolved from this period was the contrasting views on the nature of politics. Though of course not a science, one the byproducts of this age was a greater emphasis on knowledge and a flow of ideas

What is the best form of government?Democracy MonarchyPro and Con Pro and Con

ProcedureThomas Hobbes and The Leviathan 1588 – 16791. There was a covenant between the ruler and subjects.2. Influences: The Greek historian Thucydides and John Calvin and events of the English Civil War, Machiavelli?

3. View of mankind was very dark and pessimistic. Essentially the role of the sovereign is paternalistic. To instruct, control and if necessary punish4. All men are basically creatures and given to beastial behavior and hedonism. The only device that holds man in check are laws enforced from above.5. Differed from both Calvin and Aristotle in that man had no higher purpose than self-gratification6. Everyone is equal but that can be a bad thing? This breeds competition to be above others. End result = war, death, and destruction

The Only Way OutThat people form a commonwealth and give their power to a recognized sovereign. Also they must be given the power to compel people to behave. Anarchy is worse than tyranny. Why?This does NOT have to be a monarchy, it could be a legislature.Problems with Hobbes??????

II John Locke (1632 – 1704) Two Treaties on GovernmentInfluences: John Calvin, Thomas Aquinas, and John Knox, the Restoration and Glorious Revolution

1. The Earl of Shaftsbury organized a rebellion vs. Charles II and both he and Locke had to leave for Holland. How might this have influenced Locke?

2. The First Treatise: Patriarchal idea of a sovereign is null and void. They seek their own gratification the same as all others. Unfortunately, they wield power and may break others

3. The Second Treatise: Government is a contract and may be broken if neither party is living up to this contract. The Right of Rebellion!

4. View of Mankind: Man’s natural state is NOT bestial. It is logic and reason. So what makes mankind bestial? Bad leadership both political and religious. Men have “natural rights” What are these?

5. The Role of government is to act as a mediator in competition and to protect the general will.6. Letters on Toleration 1689 Not including Catholics of course!7. Essay Concerning Human Understanding : the tabula rasa concept. What does this have to do with politics?Problems with Locke?????

HomeworkThis should be completed by Monday November 18th Go to the Quia.com website to complete Unit Test

Constitutionalism vs Absolutismhttp://www.quia.com/quiz/6529836.html

The test will be open for several days but you will only have ONE CHANCE to complete it. The TEST is timed and you should approach this test as though it were in class under normal circumstances. In other words, study before you start the test. You will write the timed essay component in class Monday October 22

THURSDAYSAQ Hints These are only hints, you will have to prepare your writing plan but will not see the prompts until class!

Comparison of Hobbes and Locke's political theories and how they were shaped by their times The Rise and Fall of the Dutch Republic The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution The causes and effects of the English Civil War (this should include info on the Commonwealth and

Protectorate.

No HomeworkTextbook tomorrow

FRIDAY (Textbook Needed) Analyze secondary sources on the society and culture of late 17th – 18th century Europe.

Materials Strategy/FormatText packet close-text reading and analysis (r.CCR.1)

Instructions Using Chapter 18 in the McKay text we will be answering a packet of guided reading questions on life and

culture during the late 17th and 18th century. Today will be the only day that you will have class time to complete these questions.

This will be completed by Friday November 22nd. It is important to note that this will not be the only homework that week so for your own sake, do not procrastinate

Weekend HomeworkWork on your packet