AP US History

Spring 2008

Muckrackers

Goo

Goos

Temperance

Suffragettes

Populists

Midclass

Women

Labor

Unions

Civil

Rights

2nd Great Awakeni

ng

Antebellum Reforms

[1810s-1850s]

CCIIVVIIL

WAR

Populism[1870s-1890s]

Social Gospel

Progressivism

[1890s-1920]

1920s Revivalis

m

New Deal[1930s-1940s]

1950sRevivalis

m

Great Society

&1960s Social

Movements

ChristianEvangelica

lMovement

CCOONNSSEERRVVAATTIIVVEE

RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN

The “Culture Wars”:The Pendulum of Right v. Left

The “Culture Wars”:The Pendulum of Right v. Left

Origins of Progressive Origins of Progressive MovementMovement•US was #1 industrial US was #1 industrial

producer in the worldproducer in the world

•Trend of consolidation and Trend of consolidation and cutthroat competitioncutthroat competition

•Widespread Corruption Widespread Corruption (business & political)(business & political)

•Problems for farmers and Problems for farmers and workersworkers

These factors led to a These factors led to a New New GenerationGeneration of Americans of Americans

• By the 1890s, the Civil War By the 1890s, the Civil War generation was being replaced generation was being replaced by a new generationby a new generation

• People were disturbed by what it People were disturbed by what it saw in America, particularly the saw in America, particularly the decline of equality of economic decline of equality of economic opportunity and threats to opportunity and threats to political democracypolitical democracy

• These people became known as These people became known as the the ProgressivesProgressives

Progressive Era Defined:Progressive Era Defined:• ““a broad-gauged response by a broad-gauged response by

Americans from many Americans from many backgrounds and walks of life to backgrounds and walks of life to the emergence of the US as a the emergence of the US as a modern, urban, industrial, multi-modern, urban, industrial, multi-cultural world power b/w 1890 cultural world power b/w 1890 and 1920. Impacted art literature, and 1920. Impacted art literature, music education, relation, popular music education, relation, popular culture, race & ethnic relations, culture, race & ethnic relations, gender roles and family gender roles and family structures, labor-management structures, labor-management interaction and economic conflictinteraction and economic conflict

Who was a Progressive?Who was a Progressive?

• All social classes, but mostly:All social classes, but mostly:– Middle ClassMiddle Class– UrbanUrban– Educated ProfessionalsEducated Professionals– Republicans, Democrats, and 3Republicans, Democrats, and 3rdrd

Party supportersParty supporters– Jane Addams and Hull House Jane Addams and Hull House

likely originlikely origin

What Progressives DidWhat Progressives Did

•Expose Evils of American Life Expose Evils of American Life (muckrakers)(muckrakers)– Corruption in state and Corruption in state and local governmentslocal governments

– Poor working and living Poor working and living conditionsconditions

– Bad business practicesBad business practices

Reforms Through Reforms Through Government Action: Government Action: PoliticalPolitical• Primary and Primary and

recall electionsrecall elections

• Referenda and Referenda and InitiativeInitiative

• Destroyed Destroyed “Political “Political Machines” Machines”

Reforms Through Reforms Through Government Action: Government Action: EconomicEconomic • Consumer Consumer

Protection LawsProtection Laws

• Stronger Anti-Stronger Anti-Trust Laws and Trust Laws and EnforcementEnforcement

• New and New and Stronger Stronger Regulatory Regulatory CommissionsCommissions

• Labor LawsLabor Laws

Reforms Through Reforms Through Government Action: SocialGovernment Action: Social• ProhibitionProhibition

• Settlement Settlement HousesHouses

• Civil Rights for Civil Rights for African African AmericansAmericans

• Women’s Women’s SuffrageSuffrage

• ConservationConservation

Progressive Achievements: Progressive Achievements: Exposing CorruptionExposing Corruption

•Upton Sinclair’s Upton Sinclair’s The JungleThe Jungle

•Lincoln Steffens’ Lincoln Steffens’ Shame of Shame of the Citiesthe Cities

•Ida Tarbell’s Ida Tarbell’s History of Std History of Std Oil CompanyOil Company

•Ray Baker’s Ray Baker’s Following the Following the Color LineColor Line

New LegislationNew Legislation

•Consumer Protection: Meat Consumer Protection: Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)and Drug Act (1906)

•Anti-Trust Laws: Clayton Anti-Trust Laws: Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914), Anti-Trust Act (1914), Federal Trade CommissionFederal Trade Commission

New LegislationNew Legislation

•Elkins Act (1903), Elkins Act (1903), Hepburn Act (1906)Hepburn Act (1906)

•Child Labor LawsChild Labor Laws

•Constitutional Constitutional Amendments:Amendments:–1616thth, 17, 17thth, 18, 18thth, 19, 19thth

Prosecution of TrustsProsecution of Trusts

• US v. No. Securities Co. (1904): US v. No. Securities Co. (1904): 11stst successful prosecution and successful prosecution and breakup of a trustbreakup of a trust

• US v. Standard Oil (1911)US v. Standard Oil (1911)

• Coal Strike of 1902: TR sides Coal Strike of 1902: TR sides with labor against mine owners with labor against mine owners (first time Presidents sides w/ (first time Presidents sides w/ labor)labor)

End of ProgressivismEnd of Progressivism•Movement began w/ great Movement began w/ great

optimism but ended with great optimism but ended with great pessimism with WWI’s legacy of pessimism with WWI’s legacy of isolationism and the isolationism and the reactionary 1920s that reactionary 1920s that worsened race relations, worsened race relations, exposed liberal groups (Red exposed liberal groups (Red Scare 1919-1920), greed of Scare 1919-1920), greed of stock speculationstock speculation