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APA ReviewLibrary Information Sciences
End of Program Exam
Susan Whitmer
Reference Specialist
University of North Texas Libraries
September 2013
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Objectives:
1. Reinforce APA 6th guidelines for citing articles
2. Demonstrate citation examples of scholarly journal articles
3. Offer detailed reference examples
4. Answer questions about APA manual, 6th edition
5. Recommended resources:
• APA manual
• apastyle.org
• End of Program Exam Guide (ultimate source for formatting)
• LIS End of Program Examination Class Page (database links, pointers, workshops) guides.library.unt.edu/liseop
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Why cite?
• Attribute sources to avoid plagiarism
• Help the reader find source material
• Provide evidence of research
• Moving established knowledge forward
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Citation examples
1. In-text citation, single author
2. In-text citation, multiple authors
3. Block quote
4. Citing secondary sources
5. Reference list
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In-text citation, single author
• Use the author-date method to cite within the body of the text
• Examples paraphrasing:
Dill (2009) investigates the relationship between utilitarian bicycling
and health of Portland, Oregon cyclists.
Commuter cyclists prefer direct routes over marked bike lanes (Dill,
2009).
• Example direct quote:
In conclusion, “regular bicyclists can achieve healthy levels of
physical activity through daily travel” (Dill, 2009, p. 104).
Source: APA, Section 6.11: One work by one author6
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In-text citation, multiple authors
Examples:
• Works with two authors:
Blickstein and Hanson (2001) observed Critical Mass rides
combine sustainability advocates with bicycle celebrants.
• Works with three to five authors:
In 2010, Buehler, Handy, and Yan studied bicycle activity in six
small U.S. cities.
• Works with six or more authors, use the first author’s name
followed by “et al.”
The bicycle helmet study implemented by Adams et al. (2001)
found that helmet usage prevents head injuries.
Source: APA, Section 6.12: One work by multiple authors 7
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Block quote
• When quotations are 40 words long or longer, use a block quote
• Indent the left side a ½ inch
• Don’t use quotation marks
• Double space
• Include the parenthetical information, (Author, date, page #), after
the closing punctuation mark
Source: APA, Section 6.03: Direct quotation of sources
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Block quote example:
Szczepanski (2013) recognizes the evolution of bicycling
research,
Just a decade ago, there was very little research around
bicycling in the U.S. – even in the nation’s two premier
cycling cities. Handy and Dill helped to change that with
surveys and studies that have revealed why and how
Americans ride. (p. 22).
Source: APA, Section 6.03: Direct quotation of sources 9
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Citing indirect sources, in-text
Format:
• If John W. English's work is cited in Seher and you did not read
English's original work, attribute the information to English but
put the source material in parenthesis. List the Seher reference
in the reference list. Seher’s work is the source where you
found the material.
Example:
• English defines bikeways as areas that are open to bicycle
travel: bicycle trails, designated bicycle lanes, and shared
roadways (as cited in Seher, 2011).
Source: APA, Section 6.17: Secondary sources
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Reference list
• Each in-text citation must match one reference
• The basics:
Author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of
Periodical, volume(issue), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
• No doi? Use this format:
Author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of
Periodical, volume(issue), pp-pp. Retrieved from
http://www.xxxxxxxx
Source: APA, Chapter 7: Reference examples
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Reference list: Single author with doi
Format:
Author, A. A. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
volume(issue), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Dill, J. (2009). Bicycling for transportation and health: The
role of infrastructure. Journal of Public Health Policy,
30(2), 95-110. doi:10.1057/jphp.2008.56
Source: APA, Section 7.01: Periodicals 12
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Reference list: Single author with no doi
Format:
Author, A. A. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
volume(issue), pp-pp. Retrieved from xxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Seher, R. (2011, April). I want to ride my bicycle: Why and how
cities plan for bicycle infrastructure. Buffalo Law Review,
59(2), 585 – 619. Retrieved from http://buffalolawreview.org/
Source: APA, Section 7.01: Journal articles without DOI
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Reference list: Multiple authors with doi
• Format:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article.
Title of Periodical, xx, pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx
• Example:
Buehler, T. J., Handy, S., & Yan, X. (2010). Factors associated
with bicycle ownership and use: A study of six small U.S.
cities. Transportation, 37(6), 967-985. doi:10.1007/s11116-
010-9269-x
Source: APA, Section 7.01: Journal article with DOI
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Reference list: Multiple authors, no doi available
• Format:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title
of Periodical, volume(issue), pp-pp. Retrieved from
http://xxxxxxxxxx
• Example:
Buehler, T. J., Handy, S., & Yan, X. (2010). Factors associated with
bicycle ownership and use: A study of six small U.S. cities.
Transportation, 37(6), 967-985. Retrieved from
http://www.astl.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3288
Source: APA, Section 7.01: Journal articles without DOI 15
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Conclusion
• The preferred online APA source is apastyle.org
• Articles from electronic periodicals are your major
resources
• Reference examples are in chapter seven of The
Publication Manual of the APA 6th, Examples by Type
• Reference examples of print materials are in chapter seven
of the APA 6th
• During the exam, bookmark the LIS End of Program
Examination Class Page. Retrieved from
http://guides.library.unt.edu/liseop?hs=a
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References
American Psychological Association. (2013). APA Style. Retrieved from
http://www.apastyle.org
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Batman, C. (2013). LIS End of Program Examination Class Page. Retrieved from
http://guides.library.unt.edu/liseop?hs=a
Szczepanski, C. (2013, March-April). Building a women bike friendly America. American
Bicyclist. Retrieved from http://issuu.com/bikeleague/docs/march-april2013-forweb/1
Seher, R. (2011, April). I want to ride my bicycle: Why and how cities plan for bicycle
infrastructure. Buffalo Law Review, 59(2), 585 – 619. Retrieved from
http://buffalolawreview.org/
Source: APA, Chapter seven: Reference examples 17
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