apa style 7th edition: expanded reference entry examples ...3 magazine article author element date...
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APA Style – 7th Edition: Expanded Reference Entry
Examples & In-text Citations Below are examples for in-text citation formatting and reference entry construction. You can find additional details about APA Style (7th Edition) through the Brainfuse APA Style Guide – 7th Edition, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7 Ed.) or the official APA style blog.
In-text Citations
In-text citation format should follow the examples provided in Table 1. A mixture of citations with and without page numbers have been provided for reference. Refer to the full Brainfuse APA Style Guide – 7th Edition for additional information.
Table 1
APA Basic In-text Citations Styles with Locations for Direct Quotes
Author type Narrative style Parenthetical style
One Author Yoo (2019) ... (Yoo, 2019).
Two Authors “…” wrote Clay and Martin (2020, para. 4) (Clay & Martin, 2020, para. 4).
Three or More Authors Garcia et al. (2010) stated “…” (pp. 31-32) (Garcia et al., 2010, pp. 31-32).
Organizational Author
(no abbreviation)
University of Chicago (2020) wrote “…”
and “…” (“Institutional History” section).
(University of Chicago, 2020,
“Institutional History” section).
Organizational Author
(with abbreviation)
First Citation
American Psychological Association (APA,
2020) …
(American Psychological
Association [APA], 2020).
All Subsequent Citations APA (2020) … (APA, 2020).
2
Expanded Reference Entry Examples
Generally, APA uses four elements for every reference entry. The order of the elements are noted below.
Author Element Who should be credited
for the work?
Date Element When was the work created
or published?
Title Element What is the work
called?
Source Element Where can the work be
found?
Only the sources you cite in-text should be included on the reference page
The following examples are intended to assist you with your reference page entries. For additional help, consider entering a live tutoring session. Alternatively, consider referring to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th Edition) or the official APA Style blog.
Periodicals
Journal article
Author Element Date Element
Title Element Source Element
Journal Information
DOI or URL
Kraus, D., Vorberger, J., Pak, A., Harley, N.J., Fletcher, B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E.J., Gerike, D.O., Glenzer, S.H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M.J., MacKinnon A.J., McBride, E.E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Roth, M., Saunders A.M., Schuster, A.K., Sun, P., van Driel, T., Doppner, T., & Falcone, R.W.
(2017). Formation of diamonds in laser-compressed hydrocarbons at planetary interior conditions.
Nature Astronomy 1(9), 606-611.
https://doi.org/10
.1038/s41550-
017-0219-9
Reference Page Entry:
Kraus, D., Vorberger, J., Pak, A., Harley, N.J., Fletcher, B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E.J., Gerike, D.O.,
Glenzer, S.H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M.J., MacKinnon A.J., McBride, E.E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P.,
Roth, M., Saunders A.M., Schuster, A.K.,. . . Falcone, R.W. (2017). Formation of diamonds in laser-
compressed hydrocarbons at planetary conditions. Nature
Astronomy 1(9), 606-611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-017-0219-9
3
Magazine article
Author Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Magazine Information
URL
Daley, J. (2019, August
22).
It may rain
diamonds inside
Neptune and
Uranus.
Smithsonian
Magazine.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/its-raining-diamonds-inside-neptune-and-uranus-180964589/
Reference Page Entry:
Daley, J. (2019, August 22). It may rain diamonds inside Neptune and Uranus. Smithsonian Magazine.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/its-raining-diamonds-inside-neptune-and-uranus-
180964589/
Newspaper article
Author Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Newspaper Information
DOI or URL
Schrute, D. (2019, November 28).
How to prepare beets for your family feast: A beginner’s lesson.
The Scranton Tribune. https://xxxxxxxxxx
Reference Page Entry:
Schrute, D. (2019, November 28). How to prepare beets for your family feast: A beginner’s lesson. The
Scranton Tribune. https://xxxxxxxxxx
4
Blog post
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Blog Name URL
Woods, E. (2020, January 1). Everything I learned after giving up on dating in 2019.
Thought Catalog. https://thoughtcatalog.com/erica-woods/2019/12/everything-i-learned-after-giving-up-on-dating-in-2019/
Reference Page Entry:
Woods, E. (2020, January 1). Everything I learned after giving up on dating in 2019. Thought Catalog.
https://thoughtcatalog.com/erica-woods/2019/12/everything-i-learned-after-giving-up-on-dating-in-
2019/
5
Books
Book with author
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information DOI or URL
Thomas, A. (2017). The hate u give. Harper Collins. https://www.harpercollins.com/childrens/thehateugive-1/
Reference Page Entry:
Thomas, A., (2017). The hate u give. Harper Collins. https://www.harpercollins.com/childrens/thehateugive-1/
Book with group author
Author Element Date Element
Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information DOI or URL
American
Psychological
Association.
(2020). Publication manual
of the American
Psychological
Association (7th
ed.).
American Psychological
Association.
[When the author and
publisher are the same,
remove the publisher
information from the
citation.]
https://doi.org/10.1037/
0000165-000
Reference Page Entry:
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association
(7th ed.). https://doi.org.10.1037/000165-000
6
Book with author & editor
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information
DOI or URL
Horseman, B.J. (2014). One Trick Pony. (Nguyen, D., Ed.).
[Books with both authors and editors
have the editor(s) name after the
title. If no author is mentioned,
editor name goes in the author
element section.]
Penguin Publishing. -
Reference Page Entry:
Horseman, B.J. (2014). One Trick Pony. (Nguyen, D., Ed.). Penguin Publishing.
7
Reference Works
Diagnostic manual
Author Element Date Element
Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information DOI
American
Psychiatric
Association.
(2013). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of
mental disorders (5th
ed.).
[When the author and publisher
are the same, remove the
publisher information from the
citation.]
https://doi.org/10.
1176/appi.books.9
780890425596
Reference Page Entry:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Religious work
Title Element Date Element
Source Element
Publisher Information Other Information
The Arthashastra. (2016). CreateSpace Independent Publishing. (Original work published ca. 275
B.C.E.)
Reference Page Entry:
The Arthashastra. (2016). CreateSpace Independent Publishing. (Original work published ca. 275 B.C.E.)
8
Dictionary
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Retrieval Date URL
Oxford University
Press.
(n.d.).
Use (n.d.) when no
dates are provided.
The New Grove
dictionary of music
and musicians.
Retrieved Jan 3,
2020, from
https://www.oxford
musiconline.com/gr
ovemusic
Reference Page Entry:
Oxford University Press. (n.d.). The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians. Retrieved Jan 3, 2020, from
https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic
Encyclopedia
Author Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Publisher and Retrieval Information
URL
Okuda, M.,
Okuda, D.,
Mirek, D.
(2016). The Star Trek
encyclopedia, revised
and expanded
edition.
Harper Collins.
Retrieved Jan 3, 2020,
from
https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062371324/the-star-trek-encyclopedia-revised-and-expanded-edition/
Reference Page Entry:
Okusa, M., Okusa, D., Mirek, D. (n.d.). The Star Trek encyclopedia, revised and expanded edition. Harper
Collins. Retrieved Jan 3, 2020, from https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062371324/the-star-trek-
encyclopedia-revised-and-expanded-edition/
9
Shakespeare
Author Element
Date Element
Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information Other Information
Shakespeare,
W.
(1968). Comedy of
errors (Foakes,
R.A Ed.).
Arden Shakespeare. (Original work published 1595)
[Include URL if there using a
version of the work online,
don't forget to include original
publication date if accessible.]
Reference Page Entry:
Shakespeare, W. (1968). Comedy of errors (Foakes, R.A. Ed.). Arden Shakespeare. (Original work published
1595)
Ancient Greek or Roman
Author Element
Date Element Title/Translator Element
Source Element
Publisher Information
URL
Euripidies. (2000). Medea (E.P. Coleridge,
Trans.)
The Internet Classics
Archive.
http://classics.mit.edu/Euripides/medea.html (Original work published 431 B.C.E.)
Reference Page Entry:
Euripidies. (2000). Medea (E.P. Coleridge, Trans.) The Internet Classics Archive. http://classics.mit.edu/
Euripides/medea.html (Original work published 431 B.C.E.)
10
Reports
Governmental/Agency Report with author
Author Element Date Element
Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information
URL
Federal Elections
Commission.
(2018). Strategic plan, FY
2018-2022.
[When the author
and publisher are
the same, remove
the publisher
information from
the citation.]
https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/FEC_Strategic_Plan_FY_2018-2022.pdf
Reference Page Entry:
Federal Elections Commission. (2018). Strategic plan, FY 2018-2022. https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-
content/documents/FEC_Strategic_Plan_FY_2018-2022.pdf
Governmental/Agency Report without author
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration.
(2018). Strategy for human
spaceflight in LEO.
Publisher Information
URL
-
https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/strategy_for_human_spaceflight_in_leo.pdf
Reference Page Entry:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2018). Strategy for human spaceflight in LEO.
https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/strategy_for_human_spaceflight_in_leo.pdf
11
Press Release
Author Element Date Element
Title Element Source Element
U.S Food and
Drug
Administration.
(2020,
January 2).
FDA finalizes
enforcement policy on
unauthorized flavored
cartridge-based e-
cigarettes that appeal to
children, including fruit
and mint [Press release].
Publisher Information
URL
- https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-finalizes-enforcement-policy-unauthorized-flavored-cartridge-based-e-cigarettes-appeal-children
Reference Page Entry:
U.S Food and Drug Administration. (2020, January 2). FDA finalizes enforcement policy on unauthorized
flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes that appeal to children, including fruit and mint [Press release].
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-finalizes-enforcement-policy-
unauthorized-flavored-cartridge-based-e-cigarettes-appeal-children
12
Reviews
Film
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Review Source Information
URL
Stevens, W. (2019, October 10). Parasite is the best
movie of the year so
far
[Review of the film
Parasite, by B. Joon-
ho, Dir.]. The
Chicago Tribune.
http://xxxxxxxx
Reference Page Entry:
Stevens, W. (2019, October 10). Parasite is the best movie of the year so far [Review of the film Parasite, by B.
Joon-ho, Dir.] The Chicago Tribune. http://xxxxxxxx
Book
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Review Source Information
URL
Heller, J. (2015, August 4). Fifth season
embraces the scale
and complexity of
fantasy
[note that this entry
is formatted as a
webpage on a
website]
[Review of the book
Fifth Season, by N.K.
Jemisin] NPR.
https://www.npr.org/2015/08/04/427825372/fifth-season-embraces-the-scale-and-complexity-of-fantasy
Reference Page Entry:
Heller, J. (2015, August 4). Fifth season embraces the scale and complexity of fantasy [Review of the book Fifth
Season by N.K. Jemisin] NPR. https://www.npr.org/2015/08/04/427825372/fifth-season-embraces-
the-scale-and-complexity-of-fantasy
13
TV series
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Review Source Information
URL
VanDerWerff, E.T. (2018, July 1). The expanse is an
excellent sci-fi space
opera. But it's
fundamentally a
detective show.
[note that this entry
is formatted as a
webpage on a
website, so the title
element is
italicized.]
[Review of the TV
series episode
“Congregation/Aba
ddon’s Gate,” by T.
Franck, D. Abraham,
N. Shankar, & S.C.
Jones Dir.]. Vox.
[First initials are
written before last
names in source
information]
https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/7/1/17519476/the-expanse-season-3-finale-recap-congregation-abaddons-gate-review
Reference Page Entry:
VanDerWerff, E.T. (2018, July 1). The expanse is an excellent sci-fi space opera. But it’s fundamentally a
detective show. [Review of the TV series episode “Congregation/Abaddon’s Gate,” by T. Franck, D.
Abraham, N. Shankar, & S.C. Jones Dir.]. Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/7/1/17519476/the-
expanse-season-3-finale-recap-congregation-abaddons-gate-review
14
Data Sets
Data set
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information
DOI/URL
National
Aeronautics and
Space
Administration.
(2020). NASA Exoplanet
Archive [Data set]
National
Aeronautics and
Space
Administration.
Not included if the
same organization
as the author
element
https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/
Reference Page Entry:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2020). NASA Exoplanet Archive [Data set]
https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/
Unpublished data
Author Element Date Element Description Element
Source Element
Source Information URL
U.S Food and Drug
Administration.
(2018). [Unpublished raw
data of reports of
damaged, defective,
or toxic e-cigarette
products to the
FDA].
U.S Food and Drug
Administration.
-
Reference Page Entry:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). [Unpublished raw data of reports of damaged, defective, or toxic
e-cigarette products to the FDA].
15
Audiovisual
Film
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Production Company URL
Safdie, J., &
Safdie, B.,
[Directors].
(2019,
December 25).
Uncut Gems
[Film].
Elara Pictures; IAC Films;
Sikelia Productions; Scott
Rudin Productions.
[Only include URL if this
is the only location of the
film file that can be
found; not for items that
can be found on multiple
streaming platforms.]
Reference Page Entry:
Safdie, J., & Safdie, B., [Directors]. (2019, December 25). Uncut Gems [Film]. Elara Pictures; IAC Films; Sikelia
Productions; Scott Rudin Productions.
TV Series
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Production Company
URL
Bob-Waksberg, R.,
Bright, N., Cohen,
S.A., Fetter, B.,
Wiseman, J., Arnett,
W., Paul, A., & Weil,
A. [Executive
Producers].
(2014-present). Bojack horseman
[TV series].
Tornante Company;
ShadowMachine;
Netflix.
-
Reference Page Entry:
Bob-Waksberg, R., Bright, N., Cohen, S.A., Fetter, B., Wiseman, J., Arnett, W., Paul, A., & Weil, A. [Executive
Producers]. (2014-present). Bojack horseman [TV series]. Tornante Company; ShadowMachine; Netflix.
16
Episode or webisode
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Production Information
URL
Van Patten, T.
(Writer), Winter, T.
(Writer), & Buscemi,
S. (Director).
(2001, May 6). Pine barrens.
(Season 3, Episode
11) [TV series
episode]
In Chase, D., Grey,
B., Green, R.,
Burgess, M.,
Landress, I.S.,
Winter, T., &
Weiner, M., The
Sopranos. Chase
Films; Brad Grey
Television; HBO
Entertainment.
-
Reference Page Entry:
Van Patten, T. (Writer), Winter, T. (Writer), & Buscemi, S. (Director). (2001, May 6). Pine barrens. (Season 3,
Episode 11) [TV series episode] In Chase, D., Grey, B., Green, R., Burgess, M., Landress, I.S., Winter,
T., & Weiner, M., The Sopranos. Chase Films; Brad Grey Television; HBO Entertainment.
TED talk
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information
URL
Ronson, J. (2012, March). Strange answers to
the psychopath test
[Video].
TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/jon_ronson_strange_answers_to_the_psychopath_test
Reference Page Entry:
Ronson, J. (2012, March). Strange answers to the psychopath test [Video]. TED Conferences.
https://www.ted.com/talks/jon_ronson_strange_answers_to_the_psychopath_test
17
Webinar
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Host Information URL
SQL Server Team. (2019, January 15). Introduction to SQL
server 2019
[Webinar].
Microsoft. https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2019/01/15/webinar-introduction-to-sql-server-2019/
Reference Page Entry:
SQL Server Team. (2019, January 15). Introduction to SQL server 2019 [Webinar]. Microsoft.
https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2019/01/15/webinar-introduction-to-sql-server-2019/
YouTube (or other streaming) video
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information URL
Dawson, S. [shane].
Username goes in brackets next to full author name if available.
(2018, August 1). The secret life of Jeffree Star [Video].
YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUf2-sjGqQw
Reference Page Entry:
Dawson, S. [shane]. (2018, August 1). The secret life of Jeffree Starr [Video]. YouTube. http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUf2-sjGqQw
18
Audio
Music album
Author Element
Date Element
Title Element Source Element
Recording Label URL
Eilish, B. (2019). When we fall asleep,
where do we go?
[Album].
Darkroom/Interscop
e Records.
[Only include URL if this is
the only location of the
audio file that can be
found; not for items that
can be found on multiple
streaming platforms.]
Reference Page Entry:
Eilish, B. (2019). When we fall asleep, where do we go? [Album]. Darkroom/Interscope Records.
Single song
Author Element Date Element
Title Element Source Element
Recording Label URL
Kaytranada. (2019). Puff Lah [Song]. On
Bubba.
[Drop the album
segment of the citation if
no album title is
included.]
RCA Records; Sony
Music.
[Only include URL if this
is the only location of the
audio file that can be
found; not for items that
can be found on multiple
streaming platforms.]
Reference Page Entry:
Kaytranada. (2019). Puff Lah [Song] On Bubba. RCA Records; Sony Music.
19
Podcast
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Production Company
URL
Koenig, S. (Host). (2014-present). Serial [Audio
podcast].
WBEZ Chicago. https://serialpodcas
t.org
Reference Page Entry:
Koenig, S. (Host). (2014-present). Serial [Audio podcast]. WBEZ Chicago. https://serialpodcast.org
Podcast episode
Author Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Production Company
URL
Gross, T.
(Host).
(2019,
December 19).
Adam Sandler and the Safdie
brothers discuss manic
thriller ‘uncut gems’ [Audio
podcast episode]. In Fresh
air.
[If the episodes are numbered
include in parentheses after
title. Ex: (No. 34)]
NPR. https://www.npr.org/pr
ograms/fresh-
air/2019/12/19/7897504
44/fresh-air-for-dec-19-
2019-adam-sandler-and-
the-safdie-brothers-
discuss-uncut-
gem?showDate=2019-
12-19
Reference Page Entry:
Gross, T. (Host). (2019, December 19). Adam Sandler and the Safdie brothers discuss manic thriller ‘uncut
gems’ [Audio podcast episode]. In Fresh air. NPR. https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-
air/2019/12/19/789750444/fresh-air-for-dec-19-2019-adam-sandler-and-the-safdie-brothers-discuss-
uncut-gem?showDate=2019-12-19
20
Speech recording
Author Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information
URL
Thunberg, G. (2019, September
23)
Climate activist Greta
Thunberg’s remarks at
the climate action
summit at UN HQ in
NY [Speech audio
recording].
United Nations
News.
https://soundcloud.com/unradio/clip-climate-activist-greta-thunbergs-remarks-at-the-climate-action-summit-at-un-hq-in-ny
Reference Page Entry:
Thunberg, G. (2019, September 23). Climate activist Greta Thunberg’s remarks at the climate action summit at
UN HQ in NY [Speech audio recording]. United Nation News. https://soundcloud.com/unradio/clip-
climate-activist-greta-thunberg-remarks-at-the-climate-action-summit-at-un-hq-in-ny
21
Visual
Artwork
Author Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Museum Information URL
Matisse, H. (1947). The nightmare of the
white elephant (Le
cauchemar d l’éléphant
blanc) [Pochoir].
Museum of Modern Art,
New York, New York,
United States.
https://moma.org/c
ollection/works/105
382?
Reference Page Entry:
Matisse, H. (1947). The nightmare of the white elephant (Le cauchemar d l’éléphant blanc) [Pochoir]. Museum
of Modern Art, New York, New York, United States. https://moma.org/collection/works/105382?
Map
Author Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Retrieval Information
URL
Citymapper
.
(n.d.).
[(n.d.). is given because
the website/map can be
accessed at any time
and is consistently
updated]
[Citymapper
directions for mass
transit from Times
Square to Brooklyn
Bridge New York,
New York, United
States].
Retrieved
Jan 3, 2020,
from
https://citymapper.com/directions?endcoord=40.713065%2C-74.004131&endname=Brooklyn+Bridge+-+City+Hall&lang=en&startaddress=Broadway+%26+7th+Ave%2C+New+York&startcoord=40.75773%2C-73.985708&startname=Times+Square
Reference Page Entry:
Citymapper. (n.d). [Citymapper directions for mass transit from Times Square to Brooklyn Bridge New York,
New York, United States] Retrieved Jan 3, 2020, from
https://citymapper.com/directions?endcoord=40.713065%2C4.004131&endname=Brooklyn+Bridge++
City+Hall&lang=en&startaddress=Broadway+%26+7th+Ave%2C+New+York&startcoord=40.75773%2C-
73.985708&startname=Times+Square
22
Infographic
Author/Username Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Source Information URL
Tabletop Whale. (2014). An animated chart
of 42 North
American butterflies
[Infographic].
Tabletop Whale. http://tabletopwhale.com/2014/08/27/42-butterflies-of-north-america.html
Reference Page Entry:
Tabletop Whale. (2014). An animated chart of 42 North American butterflies [Infographic]. http://
tabletopwhale.com/2014/08/27/42-butterflies-of-north-america.html
Lecture notes
Author Element
Date Element
Title Element Source Element
Magazine Information URL
Bauer, J. (2010). [Lecture notes on primitive
tool use in early humanity].
Anthropology Department,
Greendale Community College.
https://….
Reference Page Entry:
Bauer, J. (2010). [Lecture notes on primitive tool use in early humanity]. Anthropology Department, Greendale
Community College. https://www.gcc.com/student.portal/anthro/43/lecture.html
23
Photograph
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Source Information URL
Maitre, P. (2019). [Stuck in the desert
beyond Agadez,
Niger, after their
truck broke down,
these migrants who
are hoping to make
it to Libya burn a
tire to keep warm].
National
Geographic.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/best-pictures-2019/
Reference Page Entry:
Maitre, P. (2019). [Stuck in the desert beyond Agadez, Niger, after their broke down, these migrants who are
hoping to make it to Libya burn a tire to keep warm]. National Geographic.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/best-pictures-2019/
PowerPoint
Author Element Date Element
Title Element Source Element
Publisher Information
URL
Scott, M. (2011) How to inspire your Dunder
Mifflin employees
[PowerPoint slides].
Dunder
Mifflin.
https://dunder-
mifflin.co/services/presentati
ons-scott-inspire-employees/
Reference Page Entry:
Scott, M. (2011) How to inspire your Dunder Mifflin employees [PowerPoint slides]. https://dunder-mifflin.co/
services/presentations-scott-inspire-employees/
24
Social Media
Tweet
Author Element Date Element Title/Caption Element
Source Element
Source Information URL
AP Eastern US
[@APEastRegion].
(2020, January 5). There’s a new
strategy for saving
whales— counting
them from space.
[Thumbnail with
link attached]
[Tweet]
Twitter. https://twitter.com/APEastRegion
Reference Page Entry:
AP Eastern US [@APEastRegion]. (2020, January 5). There’s a new strategy for saving whales— counting them
from space. [Thumbnail with link attached] [Tweet] Twitter. https://twitter.com/APEastRegion
Twitter profile
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Retrieval and Source Information
URL
The Associated
Press [@AP].
(n.d.).
Tweets [Twitter
profile].
Twitter. Retrieved
January 3, 2020,
from
https://twitter.com
/AP
Reference Page Entry:
The Associated Press [@AP]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Twitter. Retrieved January 3, 2020, from https://
twitter.com/AP
25
Facebook post
Author Element Date Element Caption/Title Element
Source Element
Source Information URL
New Urbanist
Memes for Transit-
Oriented Teens.
(2020, January 4). shameless 10
[Image attached].
Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10217067598824578&set=gm.1439181569574793&type=3&theater&ifg=1
Reference Page Entry:
New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens. (2020, January 4). shameless 10 [Image attached]. Facebook.
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10217067598824578&set=gm.1439181569574793&type
=3&theater&ifg=1
Facebook page
Author Element Date Element Webpage Title Element
Source Element
Webpage/Retrieval Information
URL
New Urbanist
Memes for Transit-
Oriented Teens.
(n.d.). Home [Facebook
page].
[Title should locate
which section of the
page you are citing]
Facebook. Retrieved
January 3, 2020,
from
https://www.facebook.com/groups/whatwouldjanejacobsdo/
Reference Page Entry:
New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens. (n.d). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January
3, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/groups/whatwouldjanejacobsdo/
26
Instagram photo
Author Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Source Information URL
National
Aeronautics
and Space
Administration
[@nasahubble]
(2020, January 5). This new multi
wavelength image of the
Crab Nebula combines x-
ray light from Chandra x-
ray observatory and
infrared light from
[Photograph].
[Only use the first 20
words from social media
posts]
Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B68ypoUncdX/
Reference Page Entry:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration [@nasahubble] (2020, January 5). This new multi wavelength
image of the Crab Nebula combines x-ray light from Chandra x-ray observatory and infrared light from
[Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B68ypoUncdX/
Online forum
Author/Username Element
Date Element Title Element Source Element
Source Information URL
brennandrew. (2020, January 5). Got myself a gator
[Image attached]
[Online forum post].
Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/reddeadredemption/comments/ekc0hk/got_myself_a_gator/
Reference Page Entry:
brennandrew. (2020, January 5). Got myself a gator [Image attached][Online forum post]. Reddit.
https://www.reddit.com/r/reddeadredemption/comments/ekc0hk/got_myself_a_gator/
27
Webpages & Websites
News website - webpage
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Newspaper Information
URL
Mandelbaum, R.F. (2019, December
16).
All the species
declared extinct this
decade.
Gizmodo. https://gizmodo.com/all-the-species-declared-extinct-this-decade-1840325660
Reference Page Entry:
Mandelbaum, R.F. (2019, December 16). All the species declared extinct this decade. Gizmodo. https://
gizmodo.com/all-the-species-declared-extinct-this-decade-1840325660
Group website – webpage
Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element
Webpage Information
URL
U.S. Food and Drug
Administration.
(2019, December
26).
Lung illnesses associated with use of vaping products: information for the public, FDA actions, and recommendations.
U.S Food and Drug
Administration.
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/lung-illnesses-associated-use-vaping-products
Reference Page Entry:
U.S Food and Drug Administration. (2019, December 26). Lung illnesses associated with use of vaping
products: information for the public, FDA actions, and recommendations. https://www.fda.gov/news-
events/public-health-focus/lung-illnesses-associated-use-vaping-products
28
Legal
Court cases & decisions
Author Element Case/Code Information Element
Source Element
Court Case Information URL
Apple Inc. v.
Pepper,
587 U.S. ___ (2019). Use page numbers whenever
possible from Reports for Supreme
Court cases. For cases that have not
been published yet, use three
underscores and case number from
the Supreme Court Reporter.
[Please see specific rules for
citations across state, local, and
country lines]
https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/18pdf/17-204_bq7d.pdf
Reference Page Entry:
Apple Inc. v Pepper, 587 U.S. ___ (2019). https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/18pdf/17-204_bq7d.pdf
Laws & acts
Author Element Code Element Date Element URL
Pallone-Thune Telephone
Robocall Abuse Criminal
Enforcement and
Deterrence Act,
47 U.S.C. 227
[Individual citation rules apply
to different local, state, and
federal government references,
please check specific rules]
(2019). https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s151/text
Reference Page Entry:
Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act, 47 U.S.C. 227 (2019).
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s151/text
To browse specific information on writing style and usage not addressed in this guide, see the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th Edition) or the official APA Style blog, here:
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx