apa style workshop - alvernia university · effects of exercise on state anxiety stressful events...
TRANSCRIPT
Components of a Research Paper
Title pageAbstractIntroductionMethodologyResultsDiscussion & ConclusionReferencesAppendix
General Requirements
1-inch marginsDouble-space12-point font – Times Roman or Courier Sections in proper orderPage headerTitle of paper
Title Page
Title should describe focus of paperAll information is centeredOrder of title page information:
Page header – first 2-3 words of title & page number
Title of PaperAuthor’s name Institution’s name
Title Page - Sample
Page Header
Title
AuthorAffiliation
Effects of 1
Effects of Exercise on
State Anxiety
Jane M. Smith
Alvernia College
Abstract
Place on separate pageDouble-space the textDo not indent first lineSingle paragraph120 words or lessSummarizeBe brief
Effects of 2
Abstract
The purpose of thisstudy was to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on state anxiety. For good physical health, The American College of Sports…
Body of the Paper
Runs continuously from the Introduction to the Discussion / ConclusionInclude full title at top of the page at beginning of body of paperDouble-space text and indent when starting a new paragraphCenter heading of each section
SAMPLE:
Effects of 3
Effects of Exercise on State Anxiety
Stressful events have become
common occurrences in modern
society. The results are increased
feelings of stress and anxiety that
have detrimental effects on both
physical and mental health, leading to
Citations
Paraphrase and direct quote cite source
Paraphrase – take an idea from another author
Direct Quote – take a sentence or multiple sentences, word-for-word, from another author
Citations
Paraphrasing:Must include author’s last name & year of publication. Page number is not required, but strongly encouraged.
Direct Quote:Must include author’s last name, year of publication, and page number.
Citations
Citing within the text:
Example:Smith (1990) found that there was a strong correlation between exercise duration and state anxiety levels.
Citations
Citing at the end of a sentence:
Example:Exercise duration and state anxiety levels were found to be closely related (Smith, 1990).
Types of Citations
One Work – One or Two Authors:Cite the author’s name(s) every time the reference occurs
One Work – Three-Five Authors:Cite all authors the first time and then the last name of the first author and et al. all subsequent times
Example:1st Time – (Williams, Kline, & Jennings, 1990)Rest of Time – (Williams et al., 1990)
Types of Citations
One Work – Six or More Authors:Cite only the last name of the first author followed by et al.
Example: Whitman et al. (2002)(Whitman et al., 2002)
Groups of Authors:Groups that appear as authors are usually spelled out each time they are cited in a text.
Example: Cornell Press (2001)(Cornell Press, 2001)
Types of Citations
Work with No AuthorsCite the first few words of the titleFor an article or chapter, use quotation marksFor a periodical or book, use italics
Example:According to The Bond (1990, p.434)(The Bond, 1990, p.434)
Types of Citations
Authors with the Same Last Name:Include the author’s initials in the text citation
Example:A. C. Jones (1997) and T. R. Jones (2000) found that ….
R. M. Wilson and Goodwin (1998) and C. L. Wilson and Lee (2001) reported that…
Types of Citations
Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses:
Same author, different publication dates –organize by year
Example:(Wynewood & Cathberg, 1995, 1997)
Types of Citations
Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses:
Same author with same publication year – add suffixes a, b, c, & so on
Example: (Peters, 1998a, 1998b, 1998c)
Types of Citations
Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses:
Two or more works by different authors, organize in alphabetical order by last name
Example: (Bradford, 1995; Caldwell, 1998)
References
Placed on separate page after the body of the paperIncludes sources from which you obtained informationReferences in alphabetical orderFirst line of each reference is flush left and then following lines are indented
ReferencesEffects of 1
References
Breniere, Y. (2003). Strategy of velocity modulation. Journal of Motor Development, 35, 215-221. Retrieved October 14, 2003, from PsycInfo database. Morris, G. & McKee, K. (2003). Environmental education for at-risk students [Abstract]. Educational Research Abstracts, 25, 131. Smith, H. & Kline P. (1990). Classroom management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.