•pectoral girdles •upper limbs •pelvic girdle •lower …lower limbs •thigh – femur is...
TRANSCRIPT
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Appendicular Skeleton
•Pectoral girdles•Upper limbs•Pelvic girdle•Lower limbs
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PECTORAL GIRDLES
• Pectoral girdles– Scapulae– Clavicles
Pectoral girdles, as seen in anterior view
Pectoral girdles, as seen in a posterior view
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ScapulaIdentify:Right side or left side?Anterior or posterior?• Acromion process• Axillary border• Corocoid process• Glenoid cavity (fossa)• Superior border• Vertebral border
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ScapulaIdentify:Right side or left side?Anterior or posterior?• Acromion process• Axillary border• Corocoid process• Glenoid cavity (fossa)• Spine• Superior border• Vertebral border
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Articulations of Scapula• What bones articulate
with the scapula?• Specifically what
articulates at the– Glenoid cavity (fossa)?– Acromion process?
• How does the body of the scapula attach to the rib cage?
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Clavicle
• Identify– Sternal end– Acromial end
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Articulations of Clavicle
• What bones articulate with the clavicle?• Specifically what articulates at the
– Acromial end?– Sternal end?
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UPPER LIMB• Arm
– Humerus• Forearm
– Radius– Ulna
• Hand– Carpals– Metacarpals– Phalanges
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Upper Limbs• Consists of the
– Right and left humeri (#1)• Each articulates proximally with its respective
scapula and distally with its respective ulna and radius
– Right and left radii (#2)• Each articulates proximally with its respective
humerus and ulna and distally with its respective hand (wrist, or carpus) and ulna
– Right and left ulnas (#3)• Each articulates proximally with its respective
humerus and radius and distally with an articular disk (which separates the carpusfrom its respective radius)
– Right and left hands (#4)• Each articulates proximally with its respective
radius and an articular disk (which separates from ulna)
Left, upper limb, anterior
Right, upper limb, anterior
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ARM
• Humerus– The humerus is the only bone of the arm
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HumerusIdentify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Deltoid tuberosity• Greater tubercle• Head• Intertubercular groove• Lesser tubercle• Surgical neck
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HumerusIdentify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Capitulum• Coronoid fossa• Diaphysis• Lateral epicondyle• Medial epicondyle• Radial fossa• Trochlea
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Humerus
Identify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Anatomical neck• Greater tubercle• Head• Surgical neck
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HumerusIdentify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Diaphysis• Lateral epicondyle• Medial epicondyle• Olecranon fossa• Trochlea
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Articulations ofHumerus
• The humerus articulates with which bones?
• Specifically what articulates at the:– head of humerus?– trochlea?– capitulum?
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FOREARM
• Radius and ulna are the bones of the forearm.– Ulna is medial– Radius is lateral
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Ulna
Identify:• Olecranon process• Trochlear notch• Coronoid process• Radial notch
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Ulna
Identify• Diaphysis• Head
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Ulna
Identify:• Coronoid process• Olecranon process• Radial notch• Trochlear notch
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Ulna
Identify:• Diaphysis• Head• Styloid process
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Ulnar articulations
• The ulna articulates with which bones?
• Specifically what articulates at the:– trochlear notch?– radial notch?– head of radius?
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Radius
Identify• Head• Neck• Radial tuberosity
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Radius
Identify• Diaphysis• Styloid process• Ulnar notch
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Articulations of Radius
• The radius articulates with which bones?
• Specifically what articulates at the:– head?– distal concave surface?
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HAND
• Hand consists of three bony regions– Carpal bones– Metacarpal bones– Phalanges
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HandIdentify• Carpals• Distal phalanx• Metacarpals• Middle phalanx• Phalanges• Pollex• Proximal phalanx
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Articulations of Hand
• The hand articulates with which bones?
• Specifically what articulates with the:– carpals, the lunate and
scaphoid?
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PELVIC GIRDLE
• Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones (os coxae)– Anterior articulation between two
coxal bones is the pubic symphysis– Posterior articulation of coxal
bones is with the sacrum– Lateral articulation of coxal bones
is with head of each femur• Pelvis consists of the pelvic
girdle, sacrum, and coccyx
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Coxal bone6 Identify:
• Anterior inferior iliac spine• Auricular surface• Ilium• Ischium• Obturator foramen• Pubis
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Coxal boneIdentify:• Acetabulum• Anterior inferior iliac spine• Anterior superior iliac spine• Iliac crest• Ischial tuberosity• Obturator foramen• Pubis
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Articulations of the Coxal Bone
• The coxal bone articulates with which bones?
• Specifically what articulates at the:– Pubis?– Acetabulum?– Auricular surface?
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LOWER LIMBS• Thigh
– Femur is the only bone of the thigh• Leg
– Tibia is medial weight bearing bone– Fibula is lateral bone
• Foot– Tarsal bones– Metatarsal bones– Phalanges
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Lower Limbs• Consists of the
– Femurs (#1)• Proximally each articulates with its respective coxal
bone and distally with its respective patella (anteriorly) and tibia (inferiorly)
– Patellas (#2)• Each patella articulates with its respective femur (distal
anterior surface) – Tibias (#3)
• Proximally each tibia articulates with its respective femur and fibula and distally with its respective foot (carpus, or ankle) and fibula
– Fibulas (#4)• Proximally each fibula articulates with its respective
tibia and distally with its respective foot (carpus, or ankle) and tibia
– Feet (#5)• The carpus (ankle) of each foot articulates with its
respective tibia and fibula
Left, lower limb, anterior
Right, lower limb, anterior
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Femur
Identify:Right or left side?Anterior or posterior?• Head• Greater trochanter• Lesser trochanter• Neck
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Femur
Identify:• Diaphysis• Lateral condyle• Lateral epicondyle• Medial condyle• Medial epicondyle• Patellar surface
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FemurIdentify• Greater trochanter• Head• Intertrochanteric crest• Lesser trochanter• Neck
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Femur
Identify:• Diaphysis• Intercondylar notch• Lateral condyle• Lateral epicondyle• Medial condyle• Medial epicondyle
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Articulations of Femur
• The femur articulates with which bones?
• Specifically what articulates at the:– Head?– Medial and lateral condyles?– Patellar surface?
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Patella
• What is a sesamoid bone?
• The patella and its tendon anchors the anterior thigh muscles to _____ ?
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Tibia
Identify:• Lateral condyle• Medial condyle• Tibial tuberosity
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Tibia
Identify:• Anterior crest• Diaphysis• Medial malleolus
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Tibia
Identify• Lateral condyle• Medial condyle• Tibial facet of
proximal tibiofibularjoint
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Tibia
Identify• Diaphysis• Fibular notch (distal
tibiofibular joint)• Medial malleolus
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Articulations of Tibia
• Is the tibia medial or lateral?• The tibia articulates with which
bones?• Specifically what articulates at
the:– Medial and lateral condyles?– Facet at proximal tibiofibular joint?– Medial malleolus?– Distal blunt surface of tibia?
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Fibula
Identify:• Diaphysis• Head
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Identify:• Diaphysis• Lateral malleolus
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Articulations of Fibula
• Is the fibula medial or lateral?• The fibula articulates with which
bones?• Specifically what articulates at
the:– Head?– Lateral malleolus?– Distal end of diaphysis?
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FOOTIdentify:Right or left foot?• Calcaneus• Hallux• Metatarsals • Phalanges• Talus• Tarsals
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Foot
Identify:• Calcaneus• Metatarsals• Phalanges• Talus• Tarsals
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Articulations of Foot
• The foot articulates with which bones?
• Specifically what articulates with the:– talus?– calcaneus?