apex locators and tri auto zx in endo
DESCRIPTION
NOTE : all this from my reading in some scientific website and articles I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤TRANSCRIPT
Apex Locators and Tri Auto ZXApex Locators are the instruments used in Endodontics to determine
the Working length in Root Canal Treatment as an adjunct to
Radiography. They are used to locate the Apical foramen by
determining the Apical constriction or Cementodentinal junction.
These are divided into 4 types based on the way the apex is located
Classification of Apex locators based on Generations:
1st generation Apex locators:
These are also known as Resistance Apex locators. This measures
the opposition to flow of direct current i.e resistance. It is based on
the principle that resistance offered by periodontal ligament and
oral mucous membrane is the same i.e. 6.5 K ohms. It is called as
Sonoexplorer. These apex locators give false readings in the
presence of Blood, pus, chelating agents, irrigants in the root canal.
Advantages of 1st generation Apex locators:
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Easily operated
Digital read out
Audible indication
Dtects perforation
Can be used with K-file
May incorporate pulp tester
Disadvantages of 1st generation Apex locators:
Requires a dry field
Patient sensitivity
Requires calibration
Requires good contact with lip clip
Cannot estimate beyond 2mm
Examples:
Neosono Apex locator
2. 2nd Generation Apex Locators:
It works on the principles of Impedance, hence they are also called
as impedance apex locators. They work by measuring opposition to
flow of alternating current or impedance. A major disadvantage of
second generation apex locator is that root canal has to be free
of electro-conductive materials to obtain accurate readings.
Presence of electro-conductive materials to obtain accurate
readings. Presence of electro-conductive irrigants changes the
electric characteristics and lead to inaccurate readings. Examples of
Second generation apex locators.
Examples:
Endocater
Sono explorer
Apex finder endoanalyzer it is a combination of Apex locator and
pulp tester
Digipex
Extract a pex
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Foramatron IV
Pio apex locator
Advantages of 2nd generation Apex locators:
Does not require lip clip
No patient sensitivity
Analog method
Disadvantages of 2nd generation Apex locators:
No digital read out
Difficult to operate
Canal should be free of elecro-conductive irrigants and tissue
fluids
3. 3rd generation apex locator:
They are also called as Frequency dependent apex locator. Works on
the principle of frequency or Comparitive impedence. They are based
on the fact that different sites in canal give difference in impedance
between high (8 KHz) and low (400 Hz) frequencies.The difference in
impedance is least in the coronal part of canal. As the probe goes
deeper into canal, difference increases. It is the greatest at cemento
dentinal junction.
Advantages of 3rd generation apex locator:
Easy to operate
Uses K-type file
Audible indication
Can operate in presence of fluids
Analog read out
Disadvantages of 3rd generation apex locator:
Requires lip clip
Chances of short circuit
Examples:
Endex
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Root ZX
Neosono Ultima
Mark V plus
Justwo or Justy II
Apex finder A.F.A
4th Generation Apex Locators:
These measure the resistance and capacitance separately rather
than the resultant impedance value. There can be difference in the
combination of values of capacitance and resistance that provides
the same impedance, thus the same foraminal reading. But by using
4th generation apex locators this can be broken down into primary
components and measures saperately for better accuracy and thus
less chances of occurance of errors.
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Tri Auto ZXTri Auto ZX - Mechanical root canal enlargement with monitoring the file tip.
The Tri Auto ZX is a root canal treatment system with a low speed endodontic handpiece and built in apex locator by J. Morita Mfg. Corp. Mechanical root canal enlargement and the removal of gutta percha points can be performed safely and efficiently.
• Easy to use - cordless for maximum flexibility
• Safer mechanical enlargement - with apical reverse auto start/stop auto torque reverse
• Monitor position of file while cleaning and shaping
• Measuring Function - It can be used as the root canal measuring device.
• Flexible - by nickel titanium files
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References
http://www.juniordentist.com/apex-locators-classification-uses-types.html
http://www.endoexperience.com/documents/electronicapexlocator.pdf
http://www.morita.com/anz/cms/website.php?id=/en/products/dental/endodontic_systems/tri_auto_zx.html
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