apg - special glass structure brochure
DESCRIPTION
APG - Special Glass Structure BrochureTRANSCRIPT
TURNING INSPIRATION INTO REALITYOUR SPECIAL GLASS STRUCTURE PORTFOLIO INCLUDES:FRAMELESS GLASS I STRUCTURAL GLASS I FREEFORM STRUCTURES I ALL GLASS STRUCTURES I BLAST RESISTANT GLAZING
1 IntroductIon
2 Glass: the element
2.1 Float 2.2 heat-strengthened 2.3 Fully tempered 2.4 laminated 2.5 Insulated 2.6 decorated / digital Print 2.7 slumped / art
3 Frameless GlazInG
3.1 Vertical 3.2 horizontal 3.3 Glass Fixation methods 3.4 support structure
3.4.1 mullions & Frames 3.4.2 space trusses 3.4.3 cable networks
4 FullGlass
5 FreeForm Glass structures
6 the aPG standard sG system
6.1 aPG sG system hardware 6.2 aPG sG standard systems 6.4 aPG sG system design & engineering
7 the aPG custom systems
7.1 storefronts 7.2 canopies 7.3 railings 7.4 stairs
8 Projects
P 01
P 02
P 04
P 10
P 12
P 14
P 20
P 24
APG International is one of the largest and most respected curtain wall and structural glazing specialists in North America with affiliated companies in Germany, UK, Middle East, Thailand, China and South Korea.APG International`s high profile worldwide projects are proof of our competence and capabilities. We provide the design, fabrication and installation of significant custom unitized curtain walls and structural glass applications.
APG International plays a pioneering role in Structural Glass Architecture and innovative applications for Intelligent Glass Solutions. The combined experience of APG International`s worldwide network covers all stages of manufacturing and construction, enabling APG to offer innovative solutions in all fields of building enclosure systems including our own proprietary APG SG Glazing System.
ABOUT USAPG International: History & Capabilities
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APG ChinaBeijing, China
APG KoreaSeoul, South Korea
APG Far EastBangkok, Thailand
APG Middle EastSharjah, U.A.E
APG EuropeMiddlesex, U.K.
APG Europe Ochsenfurt, Germany
Our Special Glass Structure portfolio proves that we offer customized solutions for our clients ensuring the finest results. The requirements for each project are examined and reviewed by our accomplished engineers and installed using best quality materials.
Our Special Glass Structure portfolio:
Frameless Glazing
Freeform Structures
Full glass Solutions
The APG Standard SG System
The APG Custom Sytems
APG InternationalGlassboro, NJ, U.S.A
Float
Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal, usually tin, although other low melting point alloys have been used in the past. The glass sheet is then cooled gradually so that it anneals.
This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and a very flat surface. For this reason float glass is typically used to make windows. Most float glass is soda-lime glass, but relatively minor quantities of specialty borosilicate and flat panel display glass are also produced using the float glass process.
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Fully Tempered
Full tempered glass is twice as strong as heat-strengthened glass of the same thickness, size and type. In the event of
GlASS - THe eleMeNT
Heat-Strengthened
Heat-strengthened glass is used where a higher strength is needed to cope with thermal stresses or concentrated loads. It is twice as strong as annealed glass. In comparison to annealed glass, heat strengthened glass poses less risk of spontaneous breakage. As a result of these properties it can be used in point-fixed systems as well as in overhead or sloped glazing systems in combination with a tempered ply in a laminated panel. A thicker glass may be necessary for certain applications. Where a thicker stronger glass is required fully tempered glass might be more suitable.
The various properties of glass, coupled with large scale world-wide and relatively low cost production make glass an excellent material for architectural applications. A modified and processed form of annealed glass produced by the float procedure is most commonly used in structural glass facades. Secondary processes include combinations of heat-treating, laminating, fritting and coating, which can be used to enhance and modify the glass. Flat glass can also be bent for an interesting architectural affect. These processes will be covered in more detail below.
breakage, it will shatter into small square pieces, reducing the risk of injury. It is often used in commercial structures, especially frameless doors and structurally loaded applications. The minimum surface compression for fully-tempered glass is 10,000 psi. In addition, it complies with the safety glazing requirements as outlined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z97.1 and the federal safety standard Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) 16 CFR 1201.
Tempered Glass Breakage Pattern
Heat-Strengthened GlassBreakage Pattern
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laminated
Laminated glass is a type of safety glass that holds together when shattered. In the event of breaking, it is held in place by an interlayer, typically of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), which bonds the layers of glass together. Laminated glass can be made from annealed, tempered or heat strengthened glass, each having different properties and being suitable for different applications.Laminated annealed glass forms a characteristic “spider web” cracking pattern when broken. Tempered laminated glass will shatter into fine parts, typically held together to produce a “wet blanket” effect. Heat strengthened laminated glass isn´t as strong as tempered laminated glass, but has the advantage of holding it´s shape when broken and not falling from it´s frame. The PVB interlayer doesn´t just prevent the glass from falling apart, it also provides the glass with a much higher sound insulation rating, and blocks 99% of incoming UV radiation.Laminated glass is normally used when there is a possibility of human impact such as in exterior storefronts, curtain walls and windows in areas where hurricane-resistant construction is necessary.
Insulated
Insulated glass units (IGU’s) are constructed out of two or more panes of glass separated by a spacer along each edge, resulting in a hermetically sealed cavity between them. This airspace provides significant improvements in thermal performance. Gases such as argon or krypton can be used to fill the airspace and further improve thermal performance. Low-E coatings can be applied to the number 2 or 3 glass surfaces and thus protecting them from external exposure. IGU’s can be made from any type of glass. Although in frameless glass systems the IGU panels will usually be made of tempered glass.
Decorated (digital print)
Architects don´t just benefit from the structural advantages of glass, but also from it´s visual versatility. The global trend towards an increased use of glass both internally and externally continues, as architects and designers worldwide extend the boundaries by using glass in non-traditional ways. Today, various durable printing techniques are available, enabling the designer to select special finishes where color and pattern are important for visual impact. Building facades can be enhanced by the use of printed patterns. Custom wall-cladding applications can assume any appearance, and make bold statements.
Slumped / Art
Another type of decorative glass is slumped glass, which has a textured surface and a three-dimensional look. Slumping glass can be a highly technical operation. Basically the glass is cut to size and laid on an artistic mold. After being rapidly heated the molten glass will “slump” into the mold, taking on it´s structure. Slumped glass can be produced in almost any size, texture and shape, and is suitable for both internal and external applications.
glass
PVB film
0,76 or 0,38 mm PVB film
clear glass
heat reflection film
glass
GlASS - THe eleMeNT
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Vertical (Facades, </= 10 degree slope)
Safety-relevant vertical glazing systems are said to exist in applications in which are inclined to the vertical by up to 10 degrees and the top edge is located more than 4 m above a pedestrian or wheeled traffic zone.Consequently, shop windows and glass dividing walls are not generally subject to the same approval conditions as defined vertical glazing systems. In the event of failure there is much less risk of injury compared to large-height or overhead glazing systems.
NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
1800 square feet of structural glass wall using Fin walls. Low Iron 19mm
monolithic glass panels 1.8 meters wide by 8 meters high.
FrAMeleSS GlASS
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Horizontal (Roof, Skylights, sloped facades > 10 degree)
Overhead glazing systems are glass structures which are inclined by more than 10 degrees to the vertical. They include those with a smaller angle of inclination which are required to absorb bending stresses and are secured by single-point fixings.
Overhead glazing systems require residual load-bearing capacity analyses to be calculated, in addition to the standard static analyses. Experiments have shown that glass panels secured with single-point fixings essentially exhibit a better level of residual load bearing capacity than glazing systems with linear bearing supports.
The detachment resistance of the single-point fixings is a decisive factor for residual load-bearing capacity. This resistance increases when disc-shaped mountings are used. Glass roof structures with downwardly directed countersinking should be avoided.
ANNE ARUNdEL COURThOUSE, Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.A. Custom enclosure for the courthouse with point supported structural glass.
GENERAL MOTORS WINTERGARdEN, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.Custom five-story, glass-enclosed public hall called the Wintergarden.
FrAMeleSS GlASS
Bonded
In order to maximize thermal performance, bonding is an alternative method of fixation to the spider system, which is conventionally bolted through the glass. Bonded fixation avoids drilling the glass, thus reducing the potential for leakage of gas and thermal bridging.TSSA (Transparent Silicone Structural Adhesive) offers many advantages for the construction company and the building owner. It is easy to apply and cost effective, since using a high strength adhesive replaces the need to drill holes into the glass – which is particularly complex when units are to be gas filled. Silicone fixation offers durability and
Through Hole
Through hole fixation is achieved with Point fixings or bolted bearing connections, such as countersunk of button fixings which allow glazing elements to be decoupled. Additional conditions also have to be fulfilled to ensure restraint-free support of the glass, both in-plane and out-of-plane. For a restraint-free assembly, it is necessary to ensure that the connection elements (Spider fittings or similar) can accommodate any misalignments resulting from the construction tolerances between the sub-construction and the glass panes. The fittings should allow for an adjustment of at least +/- 10 mm for a steel-framed building. These compensating elements allow the support system to be statically determinate in-plane, and tolerate temperature movements to some extent. Fixed bearings are installed as precise locating holes, vertical or horizontal bearings as slotted holes and free bearings as larger diameter oversized holes.
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longevity as well as improving the aesthetics, especially when viewed internally.High transparency and strong adhesion performance are the key features of Dow Corning’s proprietary new TSSA. Approximately four times stronger than conventional structural silicones, TSSA provides unique new design possibilities for glass construction and glass attachment in applications, such as point fixed glazing and glass bridges.
FIXATION METHODS
ERdOdY PALACE, Bratislava, Slovakia Exterior enclosure of approximately 4,000 square feet of custom designed heated glass with structural glass
FrAMeleSSGlASS
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edge and Corner clamp fixing
Edge and corner clamp fixings are point supports at the panel edge (edge clamp fixings) or corner (corner clamp fixings). Out-of-plane loads are transferred by mechanical interlock, in-plane loads (for example self-weight at vertical glazing) by setting blocks and brackets.
ThE KIMMEL CENTER - hAMILTON TERRACE, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.4200 square feet of point supported IGU structural wall. Custom designed point supported fittings. 2200 square feet of skylight with electrochromic glass.
The use of clamping plates results in wider joints, but can accommodate higher construction tolerances. The embedded depth should be a minimum of 25 mm and the clamped surface area of the glass should be at least 10 cm² per fixing. The larger the clamped surface area and glass embedment, the greater the residual load-bearing capacity. The sealing of the panel edges is made more difficult by the connection elements in the joint.
pictures credit by Dow Corning Europe
FrAMeleSS GlASS
A. Mullions & Frames (Steel/Wood/Glass)
Mullions are generally provided to transfer the dead load of the curtain wall. A mullion joint is preferred at the bracket location where aluminium stiffeners are provided for extra strength. Mullions may be made of any material, but wood and aluminium are most common, although glass can also be used between windows.
Primary substructures for Structural Glass walls and horizontal installations might be solid steel columns, framework girders, aluminum mullions, steel space-frame structures as well as structural components made of high strength timber. Connections to these kinds of substructures will be provided by welded brackets, studs of bolted details. Du to the rigidity of the primary substructure, potential deflections in structural glass support can almost be neglected.
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FrAMeleSS GlASS
B. Space Trusses
Space grid structures are another unique option for use as a supporting structure in long-span glass facades. Space grid structures include space frames and space trusses.Truss glass facade systems of various types and configurations can be used to support the glass walls of buildings. The most regular application is a single truss design used as a vertical element, the depth of the truss being at right angles to the glass plane. The trusses are positioned at regular intervals, most commonly in a gridline or some uniform subdivision of the building.Glass fins, cables, other truss types, and possibly even cable nets can be incorporated as elements within a truss glass façade system.
C. Cable Networks APG`s cable systems are single-surface structures comprising of cables arrayed in either a two-way grid or stretched vertically across an opening in a manner that achieves its ability to resist applied loads through the pre-tensioning of the cable elements. Clamps or nodes are attached to the stainless steel strands to support the glass. The building structure must be designed to accommodate the substantial cable wall reaction loads as well as stiffness requirements. Cable walls are typically flat panels but can be curved into custom surfaces. The visual effect is dramatic & the design message is one of technological excellence & aesthetic minimalism.
SUPPORT STRUCTURE: From rigid to flexible
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FrAMeleSS GlASS
ThE MALL Of ARAbIA, Riyadh, K.S.A.Exterior consisted of 5,000 square meters of custom tie rod wall with solar control glazing.
UNIvERSITY Of bUffALO - LIfE SCIENCE MUSEUMBuffalo, New York, U.S.A. Custom ‘Beacon’ Structure, Low Iron Point fixed, White Edge print, white Spacer Bars, Stainless Tie Rod System.
ThE SPhINx, Smart Village, Cairo, Egypt Structural Glass Atrium facade supported by a pre-tensioned, filigree stainless-steel cable net providing an ultimate exposure of transparent glass facade architecture in its most dematerialized form.
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APG Full Glass
With this unique method, system glass mainplates (panels) form the plane of the wall and are stabilized with vertical glass fins, eliminating the need for metal mullions. The result is a total vision wall.
APG uses Glass Fin technology for many types of structures including entrances, storefronts, curtain walls, balconies, elevated floors, roofs, skylights, and canopies. Glass fin assemblies can be installed on the interior, exterior, or the envelope of a building.
APG Full Glass Walls are designed to be structurally sound yet provide the maximum opportunity to showcase unique architectural styles. Our Full Glass systems include custom fabricated glass & hardware to create glass walls, with or without entrances, allowing the maximum view of the interior space.
The glass is supported within these frameless structural glass applications by stainless-steel based fixation systems which are connected to stabilizing vertical glass fins. The point supports can be achieved by drilling holes through the glass, or clamping the glass edges. The glass can be either monolithic, or insulated. APG is also able to integrate media capability into Point Fixed Glass systems.
All local work of dimensions up to a length of 12m in one piece. This provides for greater transparency and an unobstructed view.Different systems can be designed and supplied using light substructures made of tens ion-/compress ion- rods forming a load-force which follows either ‘fish-bow’, V-shaped or straight trusses.
FUll GlASS
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FUll GlASS
PreSIDeNT’S HOUSe Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
The President’s House project in Philadelphia U.S.A has been constructed as an open-air footprint on the site of the original house which was home to George Washington and John Adams between 1790 to 1800 while the White House was being built in Washington DC. A Glass structure in the midst of the design allows people to view the structural remains of the site below which are below ground level. APG International installed the 2000 sq ft point fixed suspended glass cube, supported by structural glass fins enabling visitors to have an undisturbed view of the historical foundations. The Full Glass System comprises three different fixation methods.
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APG International specializes in 3 dimensional free-form structure design, fabrication and installation. Any kind of regular and irregular structural form made of different cladding materials can be achieved.
Super thin sub-structures made of rods, cables or in-plane strengthened glass panels can be used to form the substructure envelope connected via nodes, clamps or profiles.
These free-form structures fulfil the modern style of architecture and can be applied to large skylights, domes, façades and interior decorative features. Freeform shapes in architecture are an area of great engineering challenges and novel design ideas. Obviously the design
FreeFOrM STrUCTUreS
process, which involves shape manipulation and feasible segmentation into discrete parts, functionality, materials, statics, and cost. Every stage benefits from a complete knowledge of the complex interrelations between geometry requirements and available degrees of freedom.
Triangle meshes – the most basic, convenient, and structurally stable way of representing a smooth shape in a discrete way – do not support desirable properties of meshes relevant to building construction (most importantly, “torsion-free” nodes).
THe MAll OF ArABIA Jeddah, K.S.A.
The design concept was to create a free-form glass structure suspended from the roof as a continuation of the ceiling. The structure had to be self-stabilizing as its weight needed to provide sufficient tension in the system for it to remain stable. The sub-structure, or ‘stocking’ net, is constructed from a triangular mesh of stainless steel tie rods connected with stainless steel machine nodes. Each rod and node is unique because of the geometry.
There are 400 glass panels in each of the three vortexes, all custom screen printed; 600 stainless steel tie rods; 1,200 glass frame members; and 800 stainless steel precision nodes.
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EdINbURGh TRAffIC CONTROL TOWER, Edinburgh Intl. Airport 20,000 Square Feet Custom Zinc Clad tower, Structural Bomb Blast Windows, 3000
Square Feet Structural Glazed Entrance.
TrAFFIC TOWer, eDINBUrGH AIrPOrTEdinburgh, U.K.
The 57m high tower is located a main access road and demanded both an iconic and secure design. To meet the constraints of the tight, compact site and security issues, the base building was combined with the tower. This has resulted in a strong visual form and enhanced
structural purity. The circular plate is an extremely efficient plan form, which creates the maximum floor area requiring the minimum amount of wall cladding. The base has been clad with aluminium shingles which merge the conical base and its office space with the flight station to create one harmonious unit, giving it a sculptural look.Project Details: 20,000 sq ft custom zinc clad tower, structural bomb blast windows, 3000 sq ft structural glazed entrance.
FreeFOrM STrUCTUreS
APG SG SySTeM
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THe APG SG SySTeM is the best Structural Glass System in the market by innovation and quality. We design STrUCTUrAl GlASS IN PerFeCTION and manufacture for highest performance standards. Our experience marries materials to eNGINeereD TrANSPAreNCy.
By using the highest quality materials in the industry to form the MOST innovative structural glass system with the LONGEST period of warranty, the APG system stands out with ultimate QUALITY of materials and installation.
APG SG (Structural Glass) System
GLASS PROCESSOR FITTING PROCESSOR
PIlKINGTON I GUArDIAN I VIrACON I SAINT
GOBAIN I INTerPANe I PPG
GLASS MANUFACTURER
APG INTerNATIONAlSYSTEM MANUFACTURER
Design I Engineering I Testing I Manufacturing I Assembly I Installation I Quality Control I Maintenance I Warranty
CERTIFIED SYSTEM MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
QUALITY RELIABLE MATERIALS means … SOLE SOURCE RESPONSIBILTY means …
The APG SG system combines safety with the highest standards in glass manufacturing and processing. The whole system connects its different materials through an extraordinary design, manufacturing and installation standard in order to secure a fully coordinated performance, functionality and long life durability manufactured by APG International. The Glass is one of the major key materials where the APG SG system is based on high end quality. All glass is exclusively processed at APG´S certified system partners worldwide.
The glass processing includes washing, cutting, drilling, edge treatment, tempering, laminating, heat soaking and insulating. All APG SG system glass is processed under close supervision of certified system managers of APG International in compliance to the systems high end quality and performance standards.
KeyFactors of the APG SG System Glass Processing
APG Designs & Engineers it´s System for individual applications at APG’s Engineering Center in Germany and undertakes testing, certification & quality control of materials and installations. APG sources materials from it´s approved and certified suppliers, under assurance and 100% control of APG system quality standards at the supplier’s site. APG assures that all of it´s suppliers confirm to all of it´s manufacturing standards. APG delivers the system as a FULL TURNKEY SOLUTION with reliability and our outstanding warranty.
APG SG SySTeM GlASS
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APG SG SySTeM GlASS
Our partner`s horizontal tempering furnace produces high quality ASTM 1048 compliant tempered glass with top performance conditions and properties. An introduced pre-stress process around holes is compatible with the design and use of APG SG system fittings.
The APG SG system glass is produced either with PVB or SentryGlas™ (SGP) foil interlayers in order to meet individual performance requirements at the highest level.
All APG SG Insulated Glass is certified to class CBA by ASTM E773 test method and to ASTM E774 specification requirements through the IGCC. Glass composition uses fully tempered and/or laminated tempered resp. heat-strengthened glass in accordance to advanced APG SG system standards. Special system spacer wheels around holes are sealed with a 2-barrier seal to accompany APG SG fittings.
Insulated Glass
laminated Glass
Tempered Glass
APG SG SySTeM HArDWAre
DORMA is a world leader in automatic door systems, door controls, movable walls, glass fittings and accessories. In the field of glass fittings, DORMA offers high-quality, reliable and sophisticated solutions right from the start. Dorma`s proven and patented RODAN, MANET Construct and LOOP fittings systems for structural glass applications come with the necessary basic structural data, type test certificates, certificates of sustainability, building approvals and European Technical Approvals.
APG‘s successful partnership with DORMA looks back at a 15 year history and broad portfolio of globally supplied structural
Key Factors of the APG SG System Hardware-Processing
Production engineering & Quality Control
DORMA’s engineering specialists assure that all components of different materials for the APG SG System Fittings are efficiently designed in order to meet performance requirements and quality standards of the APG SG Glazing System.
glass projects. APG‘s strength in engineering expertise, significant experience in fabrication and installation of all kinds of structural glass applications coupled with DORMA‘s advanced and high quality structural glass fitting products and provides reliable state-of-the-art structural glass solutions in the Middle East, Europe and North America.
The APG SG system combines safety with the highest standards in fitting manufacturing and processing from DORMA. The entire system combines its different materials through an extraordinary design, manufacturing and installation standard in order to secure a fully coordinated performance, functionality and long life solely manufactured by APG International in coordination with DORMA.
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APG SG STANDArD SySTeMS
APG SG eASy-FIT™ System includes stainless-steel spring plate connections to steel, wood, aluminum or glass sub-frames. They are multifunctional and can be customized to meet individual performance and aesthetic demands.
APG SG HD-System is based on Stainless-steel ‘bracket and sleeve’ connections to steel sub-profiles for heavy duty (HD) glass panels or super high hurricane wind-loads. Fittings are locked invisibly within ss- sleeves welded to slim custom engineered brackets.
APG SG rODAN Spider System are made of high performance duplex stainless-steel casting and are well tested and certified as standard fixation element for steel truss, glass, space-frames and cable connections.
APG SG Glass Mullion System is designed for ultimate transparency of architectural glass applications such as walls, canopies and skylights. Stainless-steel fittings support and connect glass as well as provide safe load transfer even in case of post-breakage scenarios.
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Fittings
APG SG standard system components are made of high strength stainless-steel and engineered with silicone parts compatible with glass and additional sealants.
Connectors
Systemized connecting elements enhance the design possibilities of creating a fully systemized integrated structure with coordinated glazing components, offering multiple possibilities for a variety of substructure supports. All APG SG RODAN Spider system architectural hard-ware is manufactured by DORMA under the highest quality control by APG in order to assure the system´s performance in compliance with the design.
All system connecting components such as APG SG Glass Mullion system connectors are developed under the high standards of German engineering, as well as being tested in European laboratories.
All fittings include MIT™ and are tested to performance and durability at third party institutes and testing agencies. Glass and hardware merges to become a dependable system in order to meet highest demands of performance and durability. Fittings are rigid or include an articulated joint to reduce stresses within the glass by using flexible heads, providing economical and efficient structural glass solutions.
APG SG STANDArD SySTeM COMPONeNTS
The APG SG System is well designed and engineered in order to meet highest performance demands of modern architecture. APG’s skilled professional engineers have a total of more than 35 years experience in facade design and the engineering of sophisticated structural glass applications.
All system components are inspected and structurally verified for each project. Furthermore, APG’s design and engineering center in Germany provides full turn-key design for the complete glass structure. This includes detailed structural analysis and verifications of glass and glazing elements under consideration of applying loads and other circumstances. The “sole source system” manufacturing enables APG to define quality standards for glass and fittings in order to benchmark all theoretical calculations with the reality. This is important for sophisticated three dimensional FEM analysis on higher complicated orders under dynamic load stresses and assumptions (e.g. wind, blast, …). APG provides full design and engineering solutions understands this as APG`s “sole source system” responsibility.
“We know the capabilities of our system and issue our outstanding warranty only based on our design and full supervision. We understand this as a matter of quality and responsibility.”
All system applications are designed, engineered and closely coordinated with architects, consultants and other trades in order to ensure a perfect and durable solution
for each project.
OFF-Site and ON-Site Testing The APG SG system tests it´s components for each of it´s individual applications. APG’s engineers are working closely with reputable testing agencies and institutes in Germany, USA and UAE to test project related structures in relation to performance and physical durability in off- and on- site test centers.
Structural performance, durability and behavior under dynamic loads and post-breakage scenarios are usual tests carried out under supervision of APG.
Structural Design and Analysis
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APG SG SySTeM DeSIGN & eNGINeerING
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APG SG SySTeM DeSIGN & eNGINeerING
The APG SG system follows the engineering foundation of DORMA RODAN glass clamp mountings. The RODAN series glass clamp fittings were the first fittings for glass construction applications to receive European Technical Approval no. 05/0074 (ETA-05/0074).
An assumed lifetime for the mountings of 25 years forms the basis of the documented regulations. This longevity is the result of positive experience gained in many years of practical applications and numerous scientific investigations involving RODAN products.
The ETA approval is supplemented by a certificate of suitability relating to the RODAN mounting type fittings, issued and monitored by the Research Centre for Steel, Timber and Masonry of the University of Karlsruhe. This certificate of suitability contains audited information relating to application, load-bearing capacity and the durability of the fittings
The APG SG system is founded on the DORMA RODAN spider fittings. The RODAN spider assembly with universal adapter is generally approved according to German regulations. It´s suitability can also be verified by static analysis on the basis of the type test carried out, using a standardized dimensioning process for each individual application.
All certificates, approvals and type test reports are available from APG or DORMA.
The table shows the characteristic capacity values of fittings APG SG type SK-50 & K-50 exposed to normal and transverse forces. The dimensioning values are derived from these data by dividing by a partial safety factor of ym = 1.1.
When using a screwed connection between the pin and the substructure, the analysis is performed by mathematical means.If the fittings are simultaneously stressed by both normal and transverse forces, dimensioning can be determined on the basis of the interaction.
Structural Values and Approvals - APG SG Fittings
Structural Values and Approvals - APG SG rODAN Spider
European Technical Approval ETA-05/0074
Certificate of suitability
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APG Custom Systems cover the different applications of the APG SG System combined with all possible components.
CASINO ThE bORGATAAtlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.A. Point fixed suspended glass wall, structural glass fins
Storefronts
Storefront glazing serves numerous functions. Shop windows function as the retailer´s calling card with the aim of creating customer interest. In addition to this, the storefront has to be structurally sound, resist breakage and protect the interior of the store from the elements. Storefront glazing also has to comply with the location specific safety codes. APG`s storefront glazing can enhance the appearance of a store and help save energy, by reducing lighting costs. Glass and metal frame storefront systems are typically designed to allow good views into and out of ground-level commercial spaces. APG offers storefront systems in a variety of attachment/ assembly types, depending on the structural or aesthetic requirements. Glass and metal materials come in various shapes, colors, profiles and structural capabilities. Metal members and glass sections are assembled on-site to form both wall and entrance systems, usually being attached to the floor structure below and the bottom of structure above, but can also be suspended as a structural frame above the ceiling.
APG Custom Systems provide architects and glazers with an extensive range of design solutions. All backed by superior warranties and service, each order becomes a solution within a project. The APG SG System can offer an aesthetically pleasing and sound structure in many areas, including storefronts, canopies, railings and stairs.
APG CUSTOM SySTeMS
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NATIONAL RESEARCh COUNSILWashington DC, U.S.A.
Canopies
APG Custom Systems offer frameless glass canopies, which can be achieved using a variety of support systems ranging from Aust-Vision stainless steel rod systems with profiled stainless steel glass fittings to spider fitting canopies to standard disc anchor systems.All custom systems can be designed for commercial or residential applications and can be used in conjunction with heavyweight toughened glass.
ONE LINCOLN PLAzA, New York, U.S.A. Structural Glass - Steel hybrid canopy with floating intermediate glass beams.
hPh 1, London, U.K.15 sqm framless point fixed, laminated glass canopie above main building entrance.
APG CUSTOM SySTeMS
railings
APG CUSTOM SySTeMS
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ThE REvEL RESORTAtlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.A. Glass guard railing at sundeck.
APG offers design and installation services for glass railings. Hand rail profiles and shapes can be customized to match the client`s wishes. For specific requirements APG can offer each client customized glass railings. Our experts ensure that the reflective nature is not spoiled during customization.Safety glass is generally a prerequisite when used as structural balusters or infill panels within a railing system of a different material. This is a requirement regardless of the height above ground level. Glass in guards and railings require tempered glass or laminated glass fabricated with either tempered or heat-strengthened glass. Glass balusters must have an attached handrail or guard, unless the baluster is constructed of laminated glass of equal type and thickness and can withstand the approved loads for handrails and guards.
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CASINO ThE bORGATA –InterIor BrIdgeAtlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.A. All Glass Bridge, Walk on Triple Laminated Glass, Curved Bridge Construction
Stairs
Glass stairs or glass staircases are becoming more and more popular. APG produces glass components for glass staircase systems, including glass stair treads and glass balustrade infill panels. APG´s experience and knowledge allows them to advice architects and contractors on the planning of glass staircases in compliance with the demands of security and design codes.Glass stair treads are generally manufactured using a combination of laminated glass panels. The panels should be installed with the thicker glass ply uppermost, with particular consideration to the surface finish of the glass. A non slip surface can be achieved in several ways, the most popular being an all over sandblast and ritec coat finish. Another popular anti-slip preference is for grooves to be cut into the front edge of the tread.
With regard to handling, a maximum of 1m² is usually considered to be practical area for each panel. With experience and knowledge APG advices architects and contractors how to plan a glass staircase to comply with the demands of security, design and codes.
APG CUSTOM SySTeMS
THe MAll OF ArABIA Jeddah, K.S.A.
The Mall of Arabia is one of the outstanding projects of APG and combines diverse special Glass System Solutions, that enables a maximum view to the external environment.
THE FACADEThe spectacular Mall in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia has been furnished with high performance Low-e coated Insulated glass panels with a light and almost invisible bluish tint.The V-shaped structure is formed as a truss made of stainless-steel tension rods type DORMA RODAN with diameters of only 16mm in regular sections between the steel columns supporting the roof.
THE SKYLIGHTSThe entire Mall is equipped with more than 7.500sqm of frameless glass skylights flooding the interior with natural light during the day and allowing a free view into the Arabian night sky. The basic concept of the light-weight substructure is a tension-rod truss made of stainless-steel tension-rods type DORMA RODAN diameter 16mm, fixed to steel compressions rods resp. tubes with diameters of max. 50mm.
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THe reVel reSOrTAtlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.A.
The twenty-acre Revel Entertainment development site is one of the largest and most impressive beachfront properties in Atlantic City.
GLASS RAILINGThis handrail follows the serpentine geometry of this complex wall. The fittings were custom design by APG to be able to span the desired width, to allow for adjustment, and to comply with hurricane and barricade loads.
PORTE COCHEREThe wall structure comprises wall elements orientated in a saw tooth fashion so that each element acts as a wall and a fin combined. The Wall elements are staggered in height, therefore eliminating the need for horizontal moment splice connections. This wall has been designed for hurricane wind loads and uses a Sentry Glass Interlayer.
ELYPTICAL ATRIUM WALLSegmented frameless structural glass wall based on adaptive APG mullion fixing solution.
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KIMMel CeNTer - HAMIlTON TerrACePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
One of the rooftop garden’s special features is the new acoustically treated glass box structure, which has been designed for rental use.
The project incorporates a 4,200-square-foot, point-supported, insulating glass structural wall, custom designed point-supported fittings and 2,200 of skylights constructed with electrochromic glazing from SAGE. The special feature of this glass is that it go from being fully transparent to fully tinted at the touch of a button.
The glass enclosure allows uninterrupted views of the city – a ‘sky-room.’ The technical composition was engineered to provide a solution to the overwhelming acoustic and thermal issues present by the open space, allowing the Kimmel Center to fully utilize the space all year round.
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THe SPHINxSmart Village, Cairo, Egiypt
Designed by Gensler Architects New York City and built by Orascom Construction Industries Egypt, the new headquarters of Sphinx Real Estate has acquired a reception atrium to welcome it´s guests and visitors using a maximum of natural daylight. A plain wire net of 24mm thick stainless-steel cables has been used to span vertically and horizontally, providing a tennis-racket like supporting structure for the exterior insulated glazing skin. A façade incorporated canopy made of glass and steel protects the building´s entrance. The German made cables and high performance stainless-steel fittings were engineered and provided by APG Middle East. This light and transparent cable net structural glass wall conforms to the highest building standards.
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GrADUATION HAll & SPeCTATOrS` VeNUeS, KING FAISAl ACADeMy Air force Base, Riyadh, K.S.A.
The new Graduation Hall at the Saudi Arabian Royal Air force base at King Faisal Academic in the heart of Riyadh received an ultra-transparent glass façade which supporting substructure has been based on vertical stainless-steel cables. Pre-tensioned with more than 28 metric ton per cable, these filigree elements are safely stiffening the external glass skin without distracting elements to give Spectators a clear view outside while watching the air force graduation ceremonies.
High performance laminated glass with Guardian Sunguard Neutral 34 coating and custom Stainless-Steel fittings from DORMA tops off the installation which has been design and engineered in APG’s offices in Germany and Thailand as well as fabricated and installed through APG Middle East.
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CeNTrABANK St. Petersburg, Russia
The historical facade of the Centra Bank is a remarkable relict of the middle of the XIX century. As part of the renovation APG designed and installed a custom solution to create a double wall for the facade in order to improve the thermal performance and improve the sound insulation. It was necessary for the wall to be as transparent as possible to provide a clear view of the original façade.
APG Structural Glass System used a stainless steel tension rod system which was suspended via raking columns from the roof level. The intermediate supports, provide horizontal restraint only and are made from painted mild steel. In addition the wind load supports provide a support frame for the maintenance platforms.The project also includes a curved wall and a fan shaped canopy, which were designed to withstand snow loads of 2 kN/m².
The customized spider fixing of the APG System enables not only an unlimited view at the historical Facade, the total APG System adds an architectural statement to the building.
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ANNe ArUNDel COUrTHOUSeAnnapolis, Maryland, U.S.A.
The new portion of the building is a dramatic contrast to the old courthouse structure. Hallway galleries are wide and open to the surrounding environment with glass walls and ceilings. During the planning stages, the galleries were often referred to as “invisible walls” and they truly give that impression. Visitors can stand at the rear of the building near to the courtrooms and see the surrounding neighborhood on all sides.
The “piano wall” pictured above and left connects the original courthouse and the 2000 addition. It is the link between old and new, and was dubbed the “piano wall” because of Grand Piano-like curve it makes between the two buildings.
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GlASTeC lOUVerS
Application
The horizontal louver system mostly applies to double skin facades for natural ventilation and climate control. Sun-shading and sun-tracking is another application for this system.
Operation
Actuators push or pull a sliding profile integrated in a structural aluminium mullion. Rotating shafts combine several mullions to either a small unit or to wide bays up to 100 ft in length.Both wind and rain sensors and computer will control the angle of the louvers infinitely variable to the required position.
Application
The horizontal double glazed louver system in roof lights are particularly suitable for natural ventilation of atria space. Up to 80% of the roof structure can be considered as openable. In many cases a sprinkle system is no longer required. Fully watertight roofs lights can be designed down to a slope of 20°.
The Climatic Aspect Active climate control (air conditioning) Conventional mechanical heating or air conditioning consumes vast amounts of energy. Similarly, the heat loads caused by the growing number of computers, lighting and solar gain, is an ever-
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increasing problem. The costs incurred by climatization, therefore, continue to grow, and other energy reserves, created by sun or natural cooling down at night, are wasted.
Passive Climate Control (by glastec) The usage of glastec climate façades reduces energy consumption on a long-term basis. Permanent movement and usage of the natural air and light exchange activate the previously unused energy resources of the building. Usually, only conventional heaters and small local air vents are then required for peak loads.
The Glastec Climate Concept
The heating of administrative buildings is, these days, less of a problem, thanks to the high standard of heat insulation and the technology of using solar gain. The energy requirements are mostly covered by the
usage of internal heat load. A far greater problem is that of cooling. The glastec climate concept offers here, an intelligent, low cost and durable low-tech solution. A solution which is also extremely reliable and maintenance friendly. That is to say, it combines several cost-saving factors in one system. The two essential factors of the glastec climate concept are primarily the minimization of the cooling load, and secondarily its elimination or recycling. The outer skin of the double glazed façade serves as a highly effective weather and sun protector. The remaining inner heat load is conveyed to storage areas, which absorb heat during the day, and release it at night. Opening or closing the louvers produces the air current required for this. The following examples show the functional variety appropriate to the different times of day and seasons.
APG International proudly cooperates with Glastec/GIG in offering innovative fassade solutions incooperating this fantastic product range of glass louvers.
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CONTACTINFORMATION
www.apgintl.com
Corporate head OfficeAPG International Inc.
70 Sewell St., Bldg. C, P.O. Box 875 Glassboro NJ, 08028, U.S.A.
p:+1 856 863 8034f: +1 856 863 8044
APG KoreaSigma II Officetel D-624
Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-doSeongnam-si, Korea 463-741
p: +82 70 7152 6200f: +82 70 7159 3362
APG Europe Ltd.Unit 9 Chancery Gate,
West Drayton,Middlesex, UB7 8EB, U.K.
p: +44 189 5445 222f: +44 871 5757 497
APG far East Limited129/176 M.8 Bangkok Boulevard VillageRatchapruek-Rama 5 RD. T. BangkrangA. Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand 11000
p:+66 2 422 5821f: +66 2 422 6132
APG Middle East fzCP.O. Box 9745, SAIF Zone
Sharjah, U.A.E.p: +971 6 557 8010f: +971 6 557 8310
APG Europe GmbhBrückenstrasse 24
D-97199 Ochsenfurt, Germanyp: +49 9331 80252-0f: +49 9331 80252-19
APG ChinaCrowne Plaza Hotel Suites
No.158 Binjiang Zhong Road Zhenxing District
Dangdong Liaoning, China 118002p: +86 150 1615 3279f: +86 0415 318 9888