api 571 sample questions 2010

7/25/2019 API 571 Sample Questions 2010

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571 study material

Study all 411 terms Study 0 termterms only

1. __________ is a change in the microstructure of certain carbon steels and

0.5 Mo steels after long term operation in the 800 to 1100 range.!. "raphiti#ation$. Softening%. &emper 'mbrittlement(. %reep

!

). *hat structure is +04 stainless steel,!. Martensitic

$. !ustenitic%. (uple-(. erritic

$

+. _________ is the result of cyclic stress caused by ariations in temperature.!. %reep$. &hermal atigue%. %yclic %rac/ing(. Stress %orrosion %rac/ing

$

4. "eneral or locali#ed corrosion of carbon steels and other metals caused bydissoled salts gases organic compounds or microbiological actiities is called

________.!. lue "as %orrosion$. !tmospheric %orrosion%. %ooling *ater %orrosion(. one of the !boe

'. !ll of the !boe

%

5. *hat structure is 410 stainless steel,!. Martensitic$. !ustenitic


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%. (uple-(. erritic

!

2. &he sudden rapid fracture under stress 3residual or applied here the materiale-hibits little or no eidence of ductility or plastic deformation is called _________.!. 885 'mbrittlement$. &emper 'mbrittlement%. Stress %orrosion %rac/ing(. $rittle racture

(

7. *hat structure is 406 stainless steel,

!. Martensitic$. !ustenitic%. (uple-(. erritic

(

8. o alloy steels contain a ma-imum of _______ chrome.!. 5$. 2%. 7.5(. 6

(

6. *hich of the folloing can be a9ected by 885 'mbrittlement,!. 410 SS$. 4+0 SS%. +08 SS(. !lloy ))05'. ! $ and (

'

10. or 5%r:0.5Mo hat is the threshold temperature for creep,!. 500 $. 800


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%. 200 (. 700

$

11. ________ has been a ma;or problem on co/e drum shells.!. &hermal fatigue$. Stress crac/ing%. 'rosion(. &emper embrittlement

!

1). &hermal fatigue crac/s propagate ________ to the stress and are usually daggershaped transgranular and o-ide:)S damage generally focuses on _____ and ______.!. *eld seams$. o##les%. &rays(. (on comers'. ! and $

'

14. ________ is a form of erosion caused by the formation and instantaneous collapseof innumerable tiny apor bubbles.!. %ondensate corrosion$. %aitation%. (e:?oint corrosion

(. !tmospheric corrosion

$

15. *ith %@= corrosion rates __________ ith increasing metal temperatures up tothe point here the ater eaporates Auic/ly.!. (ecrease


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$. =ncrease%. Stay the same(. one of the aboe

$

12. *hich of the folloing metals is the most anodic,!. Binc$. %arbon Steel%. ic/el(. Monel

!

17. %rac/ing of dissimilar eld metals occurs on the _________ side of a eld

beteen an austenitic and a erritic material operating at high temperatures.!. !ustenitic$. erritic%. !nodic(. %athodic

$

18. Soil to !ir interface areas are usually more susceptible to corrosion than the restof the structure because of ___________ and __________ aailability.!. Moisture$. $acteria%. C-ygen(. $ and %'. ! and %

'

16. %arburi#ation can be conardness

$. &ensile Strength%. (uctility(. ! and $'. ! and %

'


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)0. iAuid metal embrittlement can occur if +00 Series SS comes in contact ithmolten _______.!. %opper$. Mercury%. Binc

(. ead%

)1. %rac/s that are typically straight non:branching and deoid of any associatedplastic deformation are li/ely associated ith hich type of failure,!. Stress corrosion crac/ing$. $rittle fracture%. &hermal fatigue(. &emper embrittlement

$

)). !t high temperatures metal components can sloly and continuously deformunder load belo the yield strength. &his time dependent deformation of stressedcomponents is /non as _______,!. %reep$. (uctility%. Softening(. >ardening

!

)+. ?ermanent deformation occurring at relatiely lo stress leels as a result oflocali#ed oerheating is called ________.!. Stress crac/ing$. $rittle fracture%. &emper embrittlement(. Stress rupture

(

)4. _____________ usually occurs hen a colder liAuid contacts a armer metalsurface.!. $rittle fracture$. &hermal fatigue%. &hermal shoc/(. Stress rupture


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%

)5. ic/el based alloys usually contain ________ nic/el.!. D+0

$. D)0%. D10(. D1)

!

)2. _________ is a change in the microstructure of certain carbon steels and 0.5Mosteels after long:term operation in the 800 to 1100 range that may cause aloss in strength ductility andEor creep resistance.!. 'mbrittlement$. %arburi#ation

%. "raphiti#ation(. Sensiti#ation

%

)7. __________ is usually found in aAueous enironments or serices here ater issometimes or alays present especially here stagnant or lo:Fo conditionsallo the groth of microorganisms.!. M=%$. >=%

%. SC>=%(. one of the aboe

!

)8. *ith chloride stress corrosion crac/ing __________ temperatures ________ thesusceptibility for crac/ing.!. (ecreasing =ncreases$. =ncreasing =ncreases%. =ncreasing (ecreases(. (ecreasing 'liminates

$

)6. __________ is a form of crac/ing that results hen certain molten metals come incontact ith speci


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%. !'&(. SC>=%

$

+0. !mine crac/ing has been reported don to ambient temperatures ith someamines. __________ temperatures and stress leels _______ the li/elihood and seerityof crac/ing.!. =ncreasing increases$. =ncreasing decreases%. (ecreasing increases(. =ncreasing reduces

!

+1. %arbonate stress corrosion crac/ing usually occurs at elds or cold or/edareas that __________.!. >ae been stressed relieed$. >ae not been stressed relieed%. >ae high residual stress(. >ae high:applied stress

%

+). itriding is usually con


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+4. &he grain si#e has an important inFuence on the high temperature ductility andon the reheat crac/ing susceptibility. ! ________ grain si#e results in _______ ductileheat a9ected #ones ma/ing the material more susceptible to reheat crac/ing.!. arge more$. Small. ess

%. arge ess(. Small More

%

+5. 'Auipment that is temper embrittled may be susceptible to _______ during start:up and shutdon.!. %reep$. &hermal fatigue%. $rittle fracture(. Stress fatigue

%

+2. !mine stress corrosion crac/ing is a term applied to the crac/ing of steels underthe combined actions of ________ and __________ in aAueous al/anolamine systemsused to remoeEabsorb >GS andEor %CG and their mi-tures from arious gas andliAuid hydrocarbon streams.!. &emperature pressure$. ?ressure stress%. &emperature corrosion

(. &ensile stress corrosion(

+7. ______ is similar to >=% but is a potentially more damaging form of crac/inghich appears as arrays of crac/s stac/ed on top of each other. &he result is athrough thic/ness crac/ that is perpendicular to the surface and is drien by highleels of stress.!. M=%$. SC>=%%. Sulfuric S%%

(. one of the aboe

$

+8. *eld heat a9ected #one graphiti#ation is most freAuently found in the heat:a9ected #one ad;acent to elds in a narro band corresponding to the lotemperature edge of the heat a9ected #one =n multi:pass elded butt ;oints these


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#ones oerlap each other coering the entire cross section. $ecause of itsappearance this type of graphiti#ation is called________.!. >alf:moon$. 'yebro%. Hadii

(. one of the aboe$

+6. !t a gien pressure the >GS concentration in the sour ater _________ astemperature _________.!. =ncreases increases$. (ecreases decreases%. =ncreases decreases(. (ecreases increases

(

40. =n order for ?!S%% to occur the material must be ______.!. ?*>&$. on:?*>&%. Sensiti#ed(. !ustenetic

%

41. *hich !?= H? recommends programs to monitor small:bore piping Fange facesblistering and >=%ESC>=% in > al/y units,!. 574$. 751%. 571(. 680

$

4). o creep ductility is __________ seere in high tensile strength materials and

elds.!. More$. ess%. @sually(. ot

!


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4+. _________ is most li/ely found in hard eld and heat:a9ected #ones and in highstrength components.!. >=%$. SS%%. SC>=%

(. $listering$

44. !t eleated temperature the carbide phases in certain carbon steels areunstable and may decompose into _______. &his decomposition is /non asgraphiti#ation.!. Silicon$. "raphite nodules%. %arbon dust(. "raphite dust

$

45. >ydrogen blisters may form as surface bulges on the =( the C( on ithin theall thic/ness of a pipe or pressure essel. $listering occurs from hydrogengenerated by ______ not hydrogen gas from the process stream.!. >GS$. %orrosion%. >ydriding(. Sulfur

$

42. Since all fuels contain some amount of sulfur sulfuric and sulfurous acid__________ can occur if the metal temperature is belo this temperature.!. %orrosion$. ?itting%. (e point corrosion(. !ll of the aboe

%

47. &he best ay to preent 885 embrittlement is to use lo ________ alloys or toaoid e-posing the susceptible material to the embrittling range.!. !ustenite$. Martensite%. errite(. %hromium


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%

48. &he amplitude and freAuency of ibration as ell as the _________ of thecomponents are critical factors in ibration:induced fatigue.

!. Ielocity$. &emperature%. atigue resistance(. Material properties

%

46. %aitation is best preented by aoiding conditions that allo the absolutepressure to fall belo the ___________ of the liAuid or by changing the materialproperties.!. Minimum pressure

$. ?ressureEapor ratio%. Ma-imum pressure(. Iapor pressure

(

50. >ardness leels aboe ________ are highly susceptible to hydrogen stresscrac/ing 3>.&ime:to:failure decreases as the hardness increases.!. ))5 $>$. )+7 $>

%. )41 $>(. )47 $>

$

51. __________ are the most common type of eAuipment susceptible to carburi#ationin the reeat e-changers%. >eater tubes(. in ans

%

5). (i9erent organisms thrie on di9erent nutrients including inorganic substances3Sulfur >GS and organic substances 3>ydrocarbons Crganic acids. =n addition allorganisms reAuire a source of carbon nitrogen and _______ for groth.!. C-ygen


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$. *ater%. Manganese(. ?hosphorous

(

5+. =n design and fabrication it is adisable to aoid sharp changes in cross sectionsuch as short radius GS(. &emperature


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%

57. &he loss in strength from spheroidi#ation 3Softening is usually accompanied bya3n _________ in ductility hich allos for deformation at stress concentrations.

!. =ncrease$. (ecrease%. Heduction(. Jield

!

58. *hich of the folloing materials is not susceptible to high temperaturehydrogen attac/,!. +00 Series SS$. 5 %r:1Mo

%. 6%r:1Mo(. !ll of the aboe

(

56. *hich of these materials are susceptible to creep damage,!. %arbon steel$. Stainless steel%. o alloy steel(. !ll of the aboe

(

20. >igh temperature hydrogen attac/ results from e-posure to hydrogen ateleated temperatures and pressures. &he hydrogen reacts ith __________ in steelto produce _________ hich cannot di9use through the steel. &he loss of carbidescauses an oerall loss in strength.!. %arbides o-ygen$. !lloys hydrogen dio-ide%. %arbides methane(. >ydrogen dio-ide >GS

%

21. erritic stainless steels are usually not used in __________ applications.!. on:pressure boundary$. ?ressure boundary


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%. >igh temperature(. o temperature

$

2). Stress ruptures are characteri#ed by _________ failures and are usuallyaccompanied by thinning at the fracture surface.!. Hapid$. ish:mouth%. &ensile(. one of the aboe

$

2+. *ith hydroFuoric acid corrosion corrosion rates increase ith _______

temperatures and ______ > concentrations.!. =ncreasing decreasing$. (ecreasing increasing%. =ncreasing increasing(. (ecreasing decreasing

!

24. *hich of the folloing materials is susceptible to %CG corrosion,!. %arbon steel$. Stainless steel%. (uple- stainless steel(. $oth $ and %

!

25. Steel hardness __________ and stress are critical factors in causing hydrogenstress crac/ing.!. &emperature$. !lloy composition%. Strength

(. one of the aboe

%

22. =f the $> is 400:500 it may indicate __________.!. %arburi#ation$. >ydriding


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%. &emper embrittlement(. %austic embrittlement

$

27. &he graphiti#ation rate _______ ith increasing temperature.!. =ncreases$. (ecreases%. Stops(. ?roceeds

!

28. &he leel of creep damage is a function of the material and the coincident_________ leel at hich the creep deformation occurs.

!. ?ressureE&emperature$. ?ressureEStress%. &emperatureEStress(. one of the aboe

%

26. &itanium should not be used in /non hydriding serices such as _____ or ______.!. %austic amine$. !mine sour ater%. Sour ater !l/ylation(. !ll of the aboe

$

70. %onert these temperatures : 152 % and 450 !. +04 151 %$. )84 )18 %%. +1) )+) %(. )62 )42 %

%

71. *hich of the folloing al/anolamine systems is the most aggressie in causingamine corrosion,!. Monoethanolamine 3M'!$. (iglycolamine 3("!


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%. (iethanolamine 3('!(. Methyldiethanolamine 3M('!

!

7). ________ is a loss in toughness due to a metallurgical change that can occur inalloys containing a ferrite phase as a result of e-posure in the temperature range200 to 1000 .!. %austic embrittlement$. otch toughness%. 885 embrittlement(. (uctile embrittlement

%

7+. >ydrochloric acid corrosion is a general and locali#ed corrosion and is eryaggressie to most common materials of construction. (amage in reGC(. %CG

%

74. *hen connected to a more anodic material titanium may su9er seere__________.!. %orrosion$. >ydriding%. Stress(. otch toughness

$

75. __________ is a form of stress corrosion crac/ing normally occurring duringshutdons startups or during operation hen air and moisture are present.%rac/ing is due to sulfur acids forming from sul


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%

72. ________ usually occurs hen a colder liAuid contacts a armer metal surface.!. Stress crac/ing

$. &hermal fatigue%. &hermal shoc/(. Stress shoc/

%

77. *hich of these materials is not susceptible to amine crac/ing,!. %arbon steel$. +00 Series SS%. 400 Series SS(. $oth $ and %

(

78. &he presence of ________ in >GS streams increases the seerity of hightemperature sulydrogen%. Sul


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%

81. %austic embrittlement crac/ing can be e9ectiely preented by means of ?*>&at a temperature of _______.

!. 1100 $. 1150 %. 1)00 (. 1)50

$

8). "eneral or locali#ed corrosion of carbon steels and other metals caused bydissoled salts gases organic compounds or microbiological actiity is called

_______.!. %ooling ater corrosion

$. C-idation%. M=%(. one of the aboe

!

8+. *ith %CG corrosion increasing temperatures _________ corrosion rates up to thepoint here %CG is apori#ed.!. (ecrease$. =ncrease

%. 'liminate(. one of the aboe

$

84. @nits here graphiti#ation may be suspected are the %%@ and the _____ unit.!. >ydrotreater$. %o/er%. !l/y(. one of the aboe

$

85. *here is ?!S%% normally located,!. !d;acent to elds$. Cn impellers%. !t stress risers(. !t Fanges


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!

82. !ll ________ based materials and lo alloy materials +00 Series SS and 400Series SS are susceptible to Sul!B as a result of e-posure to aAueous > acidserice.!. Sulydrogen stress crac/ing%. %austic stress crac/ing(. >ydrogen induced crac/ing

$

60. >%l acid corrosion is found in seeral units especially _______ and ________units hydroprocessing units and catalytic reformer units.


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!. !mine crude$. %rude !l/ylation%. Iacuum !mine(. %rude Iacuum

(

61. %rac/ing can occur at lo caustic leels if a concentrating mechanism ispresent. =n such cases caustic concentrations of ________ ppm are suKcient tocause crac/ing.!. 50:100$. 100:150%. 150:)00(. )00:)50

!

6). *hich of these materials is susceptible to 885 embrittlement,!. 400 Series SS$. (uple- SS%. 5%r:1Mo(. $oth ! and $

(

6+. Spheroidi#ation and graphiti#ation are competing mechanisms that occur atoerlapping temperature ranges. Spheroidi#ation tends to occur preferentiallyaboe _______ hile graphiti#ation predominates belo this temperature.!. 1000 $. 10)5 %. 1050 (. 1100

$

64. SulGS%. Sulfur trio-ide(. Sulfates

$


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65. (amage from sigma phase appears in the form of ________.!. %orrosion$. >ardness%. %rac/ing(. (uctility

%

62. &he e-tent and depth of decarburi#ation is a function of temperature and ______.!. ?ressure$. Material properties%. '-posure time(. Ielocity

%

67. %orrosion of the anode may be signiigh%. egatie(. ?ositie

!

66. Susceptibility to temper embrittlement is largely determined by the presence ofthe alloying elements manganese and _______.

!. %hromium$. Moly%. Silicon(. one of the aboe

%


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100. =mproed resistance to erosion is usually achieed through increasingsubstrate ________ using harder alloys hard facing or face:hardening treatment.!. %omposition$. Stress%. >ardness

(. one of the aboe%

101. !lloys ith nic/el content aboe _________ are highly resistant to %l S%%. &hegreatest susceptibility is 8 to 1) nic/el.!. 15$. )0%. +0(. +5

(

10). _________ corrosion rates are found in a gas oil desulfuri#ers and hydrocrac/ersthan naphtha desulfuri#ers and hydrocrac/ers by a factor of almost L)L.!. oer$. >igher%. Sulydrogen corrosion

$

10+. &he accepted ay to test for temper embrittlement is ________.!. =mpact testing$. Metallographic%. H&(. @& Shear ae

!

104. ________ eliminates the susceptibility of most common steels to S%%.

!. ?reheat$. >igh temperature%. ?*>&(. !ll of the aboe

%


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105. %hanging to a more corrosion resistant andEor higher hardness material_________ improe caitation resistance.!. *ill$. May%. *ill not

(. May not(

102. (e point corrosion can occur if the metal temperature is belo the de point.&he de point of sulfuric acid is __________.!. )80 $. ))0 %. +10 (. 160

!

107. !ll piping and eAuipment e-posed to > acid at any concentration ithhardness leels aboe ________ are sub;ect to hydrogen stress crac/ing.!. )00 $>$. )10 $>%. ))7 $>(. )+7 $>

(

108. %ooling ater corrosion and __________ are closely related and should beconsidered together.!. Stress$. Ielocity%. ouling(. 'rosion

%

106. *hich of the folloing materials is not susceptible to S%%,!. %arbon steel$. +00 Series SS%. o alloy steel(. $oth ! and %

(


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110. "raphiti#ation can be preented by using chromium containing lo alloyssteels for long:term e-posure aboe ________.!. 250 $. 700 %. 750

(. 800 (

111. *elds ;oining dissimilar materials 3ferritic and austenetic may su9er __________related damage at high temperatures due to di9erential thermal e-pansion stresses.!. Stress$. %reep%. atigue(. &hermal stress

$

11). %arbon steel and lo alloy steels are sub;ect to e-cessie hydrochloric acidcorrosion hen e-posed to any concentration of >%l acid that produces a p>belo______.!. 2.0$. 5.5%. 5.0(. 4.5

(

11+. !mine corrosion depends on the design operating practices the type ofamine amine concentration temperature and _________.!. ?ressure$. Ielocity%. Stress(. one of the aboe

$

114. _________ is the main concern during start:up shutdon andEor hydro testingfor eAuipmentEpiping operating at eleated temperatures. &his eent can also occurin an auto refrigeration eent in units processing light hydrocarbons.!. Stress fracture$. %arburi#ation%. Spheroidi#ation(. $rittle fracture


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(

115. =f et electrodes or high moisture content Fu- eld electrodes are used toeld carbon steel hydrogen can be charged into the steel resulting in _________.

!. Heduced tensile strength$. oss of ductility%. (elayed crac/ing(. !ll of the aboe

%

112. &hermal fatigue crac/s usually initiate on the _________ of the component. &heyare generally ide and


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%

1)0. (issimilar eld metal crac/ing forms at the toe of the eld in the heat a9ected#one of the ________ material.

!. erritic$. !ustenitic%. Martensitic(. $oth $ and %

!

1)1. &he ma;or factors a9ecting high temperature sulGS and the __________.!. !lloy content$. Ielocity

%. ?ressure(. *ater content

!

1)). Stainless steels hae higher coeKcients of thermal e-pansion than carbonsteel or lo alloy steel or nic/el based alloys and are more li/ely to see _________.!. >igher temperatures$. >igher stresses%. >igher pressure

(. one of the aboe

$

1)+. *hat standard refers to His/:$ased:=nspection,!. H? 581$. H? 576%. H? 588(. H? 528

!

1)4. %arburi#ation can be con


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!

1)5. =n essels and piping creep crac/ing can occur here high metal temperaturesand _________ occur together.

!. ?ressures$. Stress concentrations%. Ielocities(. one of the aboe

$

1)2. &emper embrittlement _________ be preented if the material contains criticalleels of the embrittling impurity elements and is e-posed in the embrittling range.!. %an$. %annot

%. *ill(. one of the aboe

$

1)7. %l S%% usually occurs at metal temperatures aboe ________.!. 1)5 $. 175 %. 140 (. )00

%

1)8. %orrosion rates of the anode ill be less a9ected if there is a _________ anodeto cathode ratio.!. arge$. Small%. Seere(. one of the aboe

!

1)6. >ydrogen permeation or di9usion rates hae been found to be minimal at p>_______ and increase at both higher and loer p>s.!. 4$. 5%. 2(. 7


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(

1+0. %ooling ater corrosion can result in many di9erent forms of damage includinggeneral corrosion pitting corrosion ________ stress corrosion crac/ing and fouling.

!. M=%$. >=%%. SC>=%(. !ll of the aboe

!

1+1. !mmonium chloride salts may be hitish greenish or _________.!. Heddish$. $ronish%. Jelloish

(. $luish

$

1+). Stainless steel cyclones piping ductor/ and ales in high temperature %%regeneration serice are susceptible areas for _________.!. $rittle fracture$. Sigma phase%. %aitation(. %orrosion fatigue

$

1++. on:stressed relieed __________ is susceptible to stress corrosion crac/inghen in contact ith moist > apors in the presence of o-ygen.!. %arbon steel$. !lloy 400%. +00 Series SS(. 400 Series SS

$

1+4. >igher __________ containing alloys are used for improed resistance tonaphthenic acid corrosion.!. %hromium$. %arbon%. Molybdenum(. !ll of the aboe


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%

1+5. *hich material belo is not susceptible to caustic corrosion,!. %arbon steel

$. 400 Series SS%. +00 Series SS(. o alloy steel

$

1+2. =f eld repairs are reAuired the e9ects of temper embrittlement can betemporarily reersed 3de:embrittled by heating at ______ for ) hours per inch ofthic/ness and rapidly cooling to room temperature.!. 1000 $. 1150

%. 1)00 (. 1)50

$

1+7. or carbon steel common elocity limits are generally limited to _________ fpsfor rich amine and _______ fps for lean amine.!. 8:10 +0$. 2:6 15%. 4:8 10

(. +:2 )0

(

1+8. >eat treatment can hae a signi


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$. >igh%. 'en(. one of the aboe

!

140. &emperature ________ and stress are critical factors of stress rupture. &his isusually found in furnaces ith co/ing tendencies and


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agglomerate from their normal plate:li/e appearance.!. %arburi#ation$. Spheroidi#ation%. "raphiding(. 885 'mbrittlement

$

145. %orrosion rates of the anode can be high if there is a _______ anode to cathoderatio.!. arge$. Small%. Seere(. one of the aboe

$

142. !pplication of a post:fabrication stress relieing heat treatment of about ______is a proen method of preenting carbonate crac/ing.!. 1100 $. 1150 %. 1)00 (. 1)50

$

147. !mmonium chloride corrosion is the general or locali#ed corrosion oftenpitting normally occurring under ammonium chloride or amine salt deposits. !llcommonly used materials are susceptible to ammonium chloride corrosion. ! smallamount of _________ can lead to ery aggressie corrosion.!. !mmonium chloride$. !mine%. *ater(. Salt

%

148. _________ is a mechanical form of degradation that occurs hen a component ise-posed to cyclical stresses for an e-tended period often resulting in suddenune-pected failure.!. Stress fatigue$. Mechanical fatigue%. &hermal fatigue(. %yclic fatigue


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$

146. ________ and _______ damage deelop ithout applied or residual stress so that?*>& ill not preent them from occurring.

!. SC>=% $listering$. S%% SC>=%%. >=% S%%(. $listering >=%

(

150. %orrosion protection in the boiler is accomplished by laying don andcontinuously maintaining a layer of _____.!. Manganese$. Magnetite

%. %arbon mono-ide(. %arbonate

$

151. Susceptibility to hydrogen stress crac/ing __________ ith __________ hardness.!. =ncreases increasing$. (ecreases increasing%. (ecreases (ecreasing(. $oth ! and %

(

15). *hich of these materials are not susceptible to Spheroidi#ation,!. %arbon steel$. 6%r:1Mo%. +12 SS(. $oth ! and $

%

15+. aphthenic acid corrosion is most seere in _________ FoN in areas of highelocity or turbulence and in distillation toers here hot apors condense to formliAuid phase droplets.!. Single phase$. &o phase%. &hree phase(. egatie phase


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$

154. itriding begins aboe ________ and becomes seere aboe _______.!. 500 800

$. 200 600 %. 800 1000 (. 700 1100

$

155. =n


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(

156. =n piping and eAuipment creep crac/ing can occur here high metaltemperatures and _________ occur together. %reep crac/ing once initiated can

progress rapidly.!. ?ressures$. Stress risers%. Ielocities(. one of the aboe

$

120. !t eleated temperatures dissimilar eld metal crac/ing is aggraated by thedi9usion of carbon out of the eld metal and into the base metal. &he temperatureat hich carbon di9usion becomes a concern is aboe ________.

!. 700 $. 750 %. 800 (. 600

%

121. '-posure to high solution strength caustic can result in general corrosion orhigh corrosion rates aboe ________.!. 175

$. 150 %. 1)5 (. 100

$

12). &ypical > !l/ylation units operate ith 1 to + ater in the acid eAuialentto an >:in:ater concentration of 67 to 66 and the temperatures are generallybelo _________.!. +00 $. )50 %. )00 (. 150

(

12+. *ith decarburi#ation the decarburi#ed layer ill be free of carbide phases.%arbon steel ill be ______.


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!. !nnealed$. Ouenched%. ?ure iron(. one of the aboe

%

124. *hat is the chemical symbol for ethane or ethylene,!. %G$. %+%. %4(. %>4

!

125. aphthenic acid corrosion is a form of high temperature corrosion that occursprimarily in crude and acuum units and donstream units that process certainfractions that contain naphthenic acid. *hich of the folloing materials issusceptible to naphthenic acid corrosion,!. %arbon steel$. +00 Series SS%. 400 Series SS(. !ll of the aboe

(

122. ! form of corrosion caused by liing organisms such as bacteria algae or fungiis _______ .!. >=%$. SC>=%%. M=%(. one of the aboe

%

127. ____________ are characteri#ed by a locali#ed loss in thic/ness in the form of

pits grooes gullies aes rounded holes and alleys. &hese losses often e-hibit adirectional pattern.!. 'rosion$. %orrosionE'rosion%. 'nironmental corrosion(. $oth ! and $

(


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128. &he best method to inspect for S%% is ____.!. *M&$. @& Shear ae%. !'&

(. !ll of the aboe

!

126. Stainless steels ith sigma can normally ithstand normal operating stressesbut upon cooling to temperatures belo _______ may sho a complete lac/ offracture toughness as measured by a %harpy impact test.!. 800 $. 200 %. 500

(. 400 %

170. Hegular and controlled carbon grades of stainless steels such as types+04E+04> and +12E+12> are particularly susceptible to sensiti#ation in the eld>!B. o carbon LL grades are less susceptible and usually can be elded ithoutsensiti#ing. &he LL grades ill not sensiti#e proided long term operatingtemperatures do not e-ceed about __________.!. 700 $. 750

%. 800 (. 600

$

171. =ncreasing the chromium in steels o9ers no ma;or improement in resistance to%CG corrosion until a minimum of __________ is reached.!. 6$. 1)%. 5

(. 7

$

17). _________ signi=%and SC>=%.!. >ydrogen


37/87

$. C-ygen%. %yanide(. %austic

%

17+. !nnealed steels are more resistant to Spheroidi#ation than normali#ed steels.

_________ grained steels are more resistant than ______ grained steels.!. ine %ourse$. %ourse ine%. ?*>& on:?*>&(. on:?*>& ?*>&

$

174. >igh strength lo allo steels such as !16+:$7 bolts and compressor parts aresusceptible to hydrogen stress crac/ing. !16+:$7M bolts are susceptible if

__________.!. '-posed$. CertorAued%. (ouble nutted(. one of the aboe

$

175. *hich of the folloing materials is not susceptible to %l S%%,!. 400 Series SS$. (uple- SS%. ic/el based alloys(. !ll of the aboe

!

172. %austic embrittlement is a form of stress corrosion crac/ing characteri#ed bysurface:initiated crac/s that occur in piping and eAuipment e-posed to causticprimarily ad;acent to non:?*>& elds. *hich of the folloing materials is the most

resistant to embrittlement,!. %arbon steel$. ic/el based alloys%. o alloy steels(. 400 Series SS

$


38/87

177. ___________ is the result of cyclic stresses caused by ariations in temperature.!. %yclic crac/ing$. Stress crac/ing%. Stress fatigue(. &hermal fatigue

(

178. %orrosion due to acidic sour ater containing >GS at a p> beteen 4.5 and 7.0is called sour ater corrosion. %arbon dio-ide 3%CG may also be present. *hich ofthe folloing materials is susceptible to sour ater corrosion,!. %arbon steel$. +00 Series SS%. 400 Series SS(. $oth $ and %

!

176. ________ of a component is the most important factor in determining acomponents resistance to mechanical fatigue.!. (esign$. &emperature%. Stress(. ?ressure

!

180. ! condition here steel loses strength due to the remoal of carbon andcarbides leaing only an iron matri- is called decarburi#ation. &his occurs duringhigh temperatures during ?*>& and from e-posure to ardness


39/87

%. %rac/ing(. one of the aboe

$

18). Stress leels and __________ are the critical factors causing carbonate stresscorrosion crac/ing.!. &emperature$. Ielocity%. *ater chemistry(. one of the aboe

%

18+. %rac/ing of dissimilar eld metals occurs in the __________ side of a eld

;oining +00 Series SS and carbon steel.!. !ustenitic$. erritic%. $oth of the aboe(. one of the aboe

$

184. *et >GS serices or _________ acid serices are process here hydrogendi9uses into the steel and hydrogen embrittlement 3>' is an issue.!. >$. Sulfuric%. %austic(. >%

!

185. *hich of the folloing materials is susceptible to sigma phase embrittlement,!. %arbon steel$. o alloy steel%. +00 Series SS

(. $oth ! and $

%

182. ! Auic/ test for embrittlement from _________ is a bend test or crush test.@na9ected material ill be crushed in a ductile fashion hile embrittledcomponents ill crac/ ith no signs of ductility.


40/87

!. &itanium >ydriding$. &emper embrittlement%. %austic embrittlement(. one of the aboe.

!

187. Hefractory anchors must be resistant to __________ in high temperatureserices.!. &hermal fatigue$. &hermal crac/ing%. Stress crac/ing(. C-idation

(

188. or a speci&>! is dependent on temperature hydrogen partialpressure time and _________.!. Stress$. ?ressure%. Ielocity(. !lloy composition

!

186. &he seerity of hydrochloric acid corrosion ________ ith _________ >%lconcentration and increasing temperatures.!. (ecreases decreasing$. =ncreases increasing%. (ecreases increasing(. =ncreases decreasing

$

160. %orrosion from o-ygen tends to be __________ type damage and can sho upanyhere een if only ery small amounts brea/ through the scaenging system.

!. "eneral$. ocali#ed%. ?itting(. %rac/ing

%


41/87

161. Iessels constructed after (ecember 1687 are sub;ect to the reAuirements of________ of !SM' Section I=== (iision 1.!. @*:)2$. @":+1%. @$:54

(. @%S:22(

16). =n most cases brittle fracture occurs only at temperatures belo the %harpyimpact transition temperature. Steel cleanliness and ________ hae a signi


42/87

%. Ielocities(. one of the aboe

%

162. C-idation of carbon steel begins to become signi=%

$. >=%%. S%%(. one of the aboe

$

168. ?*>& is ___________ in preenting caustic S%%.!. '9ectie$. ot e9ectie%. ot practical(. one of the aboe

!

166. Sulfur and chlorine species in fuel ill form sulfur dio-ide sulfur trio-ide andhydrogen chloride ithin the combustion products. !t lo enough temperaturesthese gases and the ater apor in the Fue gas ill condense to form _________acid.!. >ydrochloric$. >ydroFuoric%. Sulfuric

(. $oth ! and %

(

)00. *ith thermal fatigue time to failure is a function of the magnitude of the stressand the number of cycles and decreases ith _________ stress and ________ cycles.!. =ncreasing (ecreasing


43/87

$. =ncreasing =ncreasing%. (ecreasing (ecreasing(. (ecreasing =ncreasing

$

)01. %arbonate crac/ing typically propagates _________ to the eldN the pattern ofcrac/ing obsered on the surface is sometimes described as ________.!. &ranserse 'yebro$. ?arallel Spider eb%. (iagonal >alf moon(. ?erpendicular Stair step

$

)0). (issimilar eld metal crac/ing occurs because the coeKcients of thermale-pansion beteen ferritic steels and +00 Series stainless steels di9er by ________ ormore.!. 10$. 15%. )0(. +0

(

)0+. ___________ is hen o-ygen reacts ith carbon steel and other alloys at hightemperatures conerting the metal to o-ide scale.!. >igh temperature corrosion$. C-idation%. (ealloying(. &hermal fatigue

!

)04. *ith steam blan/eting failure occurs as a result of _________ in the tube fromthe internal steam pressure at the eleated temperature.

!. Stress risers$. Ielocity%. >oop stress(. &ensile strength

%


44/87

)05. Cnce crac/ing from M' has occurred grinding out the a9ected area ______ anacceptable ardness is primarily an issue ith SS%. &ypical lo strength carbon steelsshould be controlled to produce eld hardness less than ________.!. ))5 $>$. )+7 $>%. )00 $>(. )40 $>

%

)08. %haracteristic stress corrosion crac/s hae many branches and may be isuallydetectable by a __________ appearance on the surface.!. &ree shaped$. %ra#e:crac/ed%. Multiple crac/(. one of the aboe

$

)06. *hich of these materials are not susceptible to ?!S%%,!. %arbon steel$. +00 Series SS%. 400 Series SS(. $oth ! and %

(


45/87

)10. ___________ cooling ater outlet temperatures andEor process side outlettemperatures tend to __________ corrosion rates as ell as fouling tendency.!. =ncreasing decrease$. (ecreasing decrease

%. (ecreasing increase(. =ncreasing increase

(

)11. ocali#ed corrosion due to the concentration of caustic or al/aline salts thatusually occurs under eaporatie conditions is ___.!. %arbonate corrosion$. %austic corrosion%. !l/aline corrosion

(. one of the aboe$

)1). ____________ is the reduction in toughness due to a metallurgical change thatcan occur in some lo alloy steels as a result of long:term e-posure in thetemperature range of about 250 to 1100 .!. >ardening$. "raphiti#ation%. Spheroidi#ation(. &emper embrittlement

(

)1+. Iibration:induced fatigue can be eliminated or reduced through _________ andthe use of supports and ibration dampening eAuipment. Material upgrades are notusually a solution.!. >angers$. (ummy legs%. (esign(. one of the aboe

%

)14. ean amine is generally not corrosie because they hae either loconductiity andEor high p>. %orrosion rates increase ith increasing temperaturesparticularly in rich amine serice. &emperatures aboe _________ can result in acidgas Fashing and seere locali#ed corrosion.


46/87

!. 170 $. 160 %. ))0 (. )40

%

)15. %rac/ing of a metal due to stress rela-ation during ?*>& or in serice ateleated temperatures is called ______. =t is most often found in heay all sections.!. &hermal crac/ing$. Heheat crac/ing%. Step:li/e crac/ing(. one of the aboe

$

)12. *hich if the folloing materials are not susceptible to hydrogen stresscrac/ing,!. %arbon steel$. o alloy steel%. Stainless steel(. one of the aboe

%

)17. %arbon dio-ide corrosion results hen %CG dissoles in ater to form _________acid.!. Sulfuric$. >ydrochloric%. %arbonic(. one of the aboe

%

)18. =n pressure containing eAuipment SC>=% and S%% damage is most oftenassociated ith __________.

!. =nternals$. *eldments%. $ranches(. one of the aboe

$


47/87

)16. Hefractory lined eAuipment should be designed for erosion thermal shoc/ and__________.!. &hermal fatigue$. &hermal e-pansion%. &hermal contraction

(. !ll of the aboe$

))0. !mine corrosion refers to the general andEor locali#ed corrosion that occursprincipally on _________ in amine treating processes. %orrosion is not caused by theamine itself but results from dissoled acid gases 3%CG and >GS amine degradationproducts heat stable amine salts and other contaminants.!. %arbon steel$. (uple- SS%. +00 Series SS

(. 400 Series SS

!

))1. aphthenic acid is _____ by catalytic reactions in donstream hydroprocessingand %% units.!. 'nhanced$. (estroyed%. %oncentrated(. (iluted

$

))). M=% is often found in _________ bottom ater of storage tan/s piping ithstagnant or lo Fo and piping in contact ith some soils.!. Iessels$. >eat e-changers%. (rums(. !ll of the aboe

$

))+. &hermal fatigue crac/s usually propagate _______ to the stress and they areusually dagger:shaped.!. ?arallel$. (iagonal%. &ranserse(. !cross


48/87

%

))4. Surface initiated crac/s caused by enironmental crac/ing of +00 Series SSand some nic/el based alloys under the combined action of tensile stress

temperature and an aAueous chloride enironmental is called ________. &hepresence of dissoled o-ygen ___________ the propensity for crac/ing.!. %l S%% =ncreases$. Stress crac/ing =ncreases%. %l S%% (ecreases(. Stress crac/ing (ecreases

!

))5. *hat is the chemical symbol for propane or propylene,!. %G

$. %+%. %4(. %>4

$

))2. =n general the resistance of iron and nic/el based alloys to sul


49/87

%. !n electrical connection(. one of the aboe

%

))6. &he signature mar/ of a fatigue failure is a _______ type


50/87

!. >ydrogen$. %austic%. !mmonia(. *ater

!

)+4. +00 Series SS 400 Series SS and duple- SS are sub;ect to pitting and locali#edcorrosion under insulation. =n addition __________ are also sub;ect to S%% if chloridesare present hile _________ are less susceptible.!. (uple- SS o alloys$. +00 Series SS (uple- SS%. (uple- SS +00 Series Ss(. one of the aboe

$

)+5. SulGS C-ygen(. *ater >GS

(

)+2. %orrosion in boiler feedater and condensate return systems is usually theresult of dissoled gases o-ygen and ________.!. %arbon mono-ide$. %arbon dio-ide%. Material properties(. >GS

$

)+7. >ydrogen blisters may form at many di9erent depths from the surface of thesteel in the middle of the plate or near a eld. =n some cases neighboring orad;acent blisters that are at slightly di9erent depths 3planes may deelop crac/sthat lin/ them together. =nterconnecting crac/s beteen the blisters often hae a

__________ appearance.!. %rescent$. 'yebro


51/87

%. Step li/e(. Pagged

%

)+8. &here is currently no /non metal alloy that is immune to _________ under allconditions.!. %arburi#ation$. Metal dusting%. (ecarburi#ation(. one of the aboe

$

)+6. o creep ductility is _____ prealent at the loer temperatures in the creep

range. Cr lo stresses in the upper creep range.!. More$. ess%. 'Aually(. one of the aboe

!

)40. ! hard brittle surface layer ill deelop on some alloys due to e-posure tohigh temperature process streams containing high leels of nitrogen compoundssuch as ammonia or cyanides particularly under reducing conditions is called

_______.!. %arburi#ation$. Spheroidi#ation%. itriding(. one of the aboe

%

)41. ormation of a metallurgical phase /non as sigma phase results in a loss of_________ in some stainless steels as a result of high temperature e-posure.

!. (uctility$. racture toughness%. 'mbrittlement(. one of the aboe

$


52/87

)4). Metallic components form a surface __________ hen e-posed to sulfurcompounds. &his may react ith air 3o-ygen and moisture to form sulfur acids3polythionic acid.!. C-ide$. Sul'.!. %arbon steel$. 400 Series SS%. o alloy steel(. !ll of the aboe

(

)42. Sul


53/87

!

)47. %rac/s associated ith brittle fracture ill typically be _________.!. Pagged

$. $ranching%. Straight(. ?erpendicular

%

)48. %orrosion under insulation becomes more seere at metal temperaturesbeteen ________ and ________ here ater is less li/ely to apori#e and insulationstays et longer.!. 100 % 1)1 %$. 6) % 112 %

%. 114 % 1+) %(. one of the aboe

!

)46. >igh strength steels are susceptible to M' hen they come in contact ithmolten ________.!. %admium$. Binc%. ead

(. $oth ! and %

(

)50. &he more noble material called the ________ is protected by sacri


54/87

%. H? 588(. H? 528

$

)5). Metal dusting is preceded by ________ and is characteri#ed by rapid metalastage.!. (ecarburi#ation$. %arburi#ation%. "raphiti#ation(. one of the aboe

$

)5+. __________ testing is the best method to determine the susceptibility of a

material to hydrogen stress crac/ing.!. >ardness$. !coustic%. S*@&(. !@&

!

)54. =n a pump the di9erence beteen the actual pressure or head of a liAuidaailable 3measured on the suction side and the apor pressure of that liAuid iscalled et ?ositie Suction >ead 3?S> aailable. &he minimum head reAuired topreent caitation ith a gien liAuid at a gien Fo rate is called et ?ositieSuction >ead __________. =nadeAuate ?S> can result in caitation.!. Surplus$. HeAuired%. Hesere(. one of the aboe

$

)55. *hich of the folloing are a9ected by sul


55/87

)52. *hat is the chemical symbol for butane of butylenes,!. %G$. %+%. %4(. %>4

%

)57. *hen carbon is absorbed into a material at eleated temperatures hile incontact ith a carbonaceous substance it is called carburi#ation. &emperaturesusually hae to be aboe __________ for this to occur.!. 1000 $. 1100 %. 1)00 (. 1400

$

)58. &he most common method used for monitoring underground structures ismeasuring the structure to soil ______ using dedicated reference electrodes near thestructure.!. Hesistiity$. %orrosieness%. ?otential(. 'lectrolyte

%

)56. *ith short term oerheating time to failure ill ___________ as internalpressures or loading decrease.!. =ncrease$. (ecrease%. Hemain the same(. one of the aboe

!

)20. *hich of the folloing are susceptible to thermal fatigue,!. S!:512:70$. S!:18) "r $%. S!:5+ "r $(. !ll of the aboe

(


56/87

)21. !mine crac/ing is ________ li/ely to occur in lean M'! and ('! serices than inM('! and (=?! serices.!. More$. ess

%. !s(. one of the aboe

!

)2). _________ is a form of carburi#ation resulting in accelerated locali#ed pittinghich occurs in carburi#ing gases andEor process streams containing carbon andhydrogen. ?its usually form on the surface and may contain soot or graphite dust.!. >ydrate corrosion$. %arbide corrosion

%. Spheroidi#ation(. Metal dusting

(

)2+. atigue crac/s usually initiate on the surface at notches or __________ undercyclic loading.!. $ranches$. aterals%. Stress concentrations(. "rinding mar/s

%

)24. ________ greatly increases the probability and seerity of blistering >=% andSC>=% damage.!. !cids$. %austics%. !mines(. %yanides

(

)25. ?roper application of ________ ill control but not eliminate microbes that causeM=% so that continued treatment is necessary.!. C#one$. %austic


57/87

%. $iocides(. one of the aboe

%

)22. %arbonate stress corrosion crac/ing is the term applied to surface brea/ing orcrac/s that occur ad;acent to carbon steel elds under the combined action of

____________ and ___________ in carbonate containing systems.!. &emperature stress$. &ensile stress corrosion%. %orrosion elocity(. &ensile stress elocity

$

)27. Soils haing high moisture content high dissoled salt concentrations and high________ are the most corrosie.!. C-ygen content$. Hesistiity%. !cidity(. !ll of the aboe

%

)28. 'rosion:corrosion is a description for the damage that occurs hen corrosioncontributes to erosion by remoing protectie


58/87

)70. !lloys ith increased amounts of _______ sho improed resistance tonaphthenic acid corrosion.!. %hromium$. Molybdenum%. ic/el

(. %arbon$

)71. Steam blan/eting is hen the heat Fo balance is disturbedN indiidualbubbles ;oin to form a steam blan/et a condition /non as (eparture from ucleate$oiling 3($. Cnce a steam blan/et forms tube rupture can occur rapidly as aresult of _________.!. &hermal fatigue$. Short term oerheating%. $rittle fracture

(. Stress

$

)7). %austic stress corrosion crac/ing typically propagates _______ to the eld inad;acent base metal but can occur in the eld deposit or heat a9ected #one.!. &ranserse$. ?erpendicular%. ?arallel(. !cross

%

)7+. Start:up and shutdon of eAuipment increase the susceptibility of thermalfatigue. &here is no set limit on temperature singsN hoeer as a practical rulecrac/ing may be suspected if the temperature sing e-ceeds about _________.!. 150 $. )00 %. )50 (. +00

$

)74. %orrosion of carbon steel and other alloys from their reaction ith sulfurcompounds in high temperature enironments is called ______. &he presence ofhydrogen accelerates corrosion.!. Suligh temperature corrosion


59/87

%. >GS corrosion(. Sulydrotreater$. >ydrocrac/er%. %o/er(. !l/y

%

)72. ?reentatie measures to minimi#e the potential for brittle fracture in e-isting

eAuipment are limited to controlling _______ and ________ minimi#ing pressure atambient temperatures during start:up and shutdon and periodic inspections athigh stress locations.!. &emperature stress$. Stress pressure%. Ielocity stress(. &emperature ?ressure

(

)77. ______ is most li/ely found in hard elds and heat a9ected #ones and in highstrength components.!. SC>=%$. >=%%. %arburi#ation(. SS%

(

)78. M=% is often characteri#ed by _______ ithin pits in carbon steel.!. C-ide

$. &ubercles%. *orm holes(. %up shaped pits

(


60/87

)76. >ydriding of titanium is a metallurgical phenomenon in hich hydrogendi9uses into the titanium and reacts to form an embrittling phase. &his can result ina complete loss of _________ ith no noticeable sign of corrosion or loss of thic/ness.!. Strength$. (uctility

%. %arbides(. >ardness

$

)80. *hich of the methods are e9ectie for


61/87

)84. *hich of the folloing materials is susceptible to carburi#ation,!. o alloy steels$. +00 Series SS%. 400 Series SS

(. !ll of the aboe

(

)85. %orrosion by > 3>ydroFuoric acid can result in high rates of general orlocali#ed corrosion and may be accompanied by hydrogen crac/ing blistering and

________.!. >=%$. (elayed crac/ing%. SC>=%

(. $oth ! and %(

)82. S%% generally occurs belo about _______.!. 150 $. 180 %. )10 (. )40

$

)87. &itanium >ydriding damage occurs primarily in sour ater strippers and amineunits in the oerhead condensers heat e-changer tubes and other titaniumeAuipment operating aboe _________.!. +00 $. )70 %. )10 (. 125

(

)88. "eometry stress leel _________ and material properties are the predominatefactors in determining the fatigue resistance of a component.!. &emperature$. ?ressure%. Ielocity(. umber of cycles


62/87

(

)86. Sigma phase occurs in erritic martensitic austenitic and duple- stainlesssteels hen e-posed to temperatures in the range of _____.

!. 5+7 % : 654 %$. 2)1 % : 6)2 %%. 272 % : 720 %(. 584 % : 840 %

!

)60. *hich of the folloing materials are sub;ect to mechanical fatigue,!. %arbon steels$. Stainless steels%. o alloy steels

(. !ll of the aboe

(

)61. >ydrogen stress crac/ing is the same mechanism that is responsible for sulGS enironments e-cept that > acid is generatingthe __________.!. Sulydrogen

(. *ater

%

)6). Sul


63/87

%. %arburi#ation(. ?referentially eld attac/

$

)64. !mine units are used in reGS %CG and _________ fromprocess streams originating in many units including the co/er crude %% andhydrogen.!. !G$. %lG%. Mercaptans(. one of the aboe

%

)65. !reas of ulnerability in sulfuric acid !l/ylation units include reactor eQuentlines reboilers deisobutani#er oerhead systems and the _________ treatingsystem.!. %austic$. Sulfuric acid%. %atalyst(. >GS

!

)62. !lloy 400 is susceptible to M' hen it comes in contact ith molten ________.!. %admium$. Mercury%. Binc(. ead

$

)67. &hermal fatigue damage is in the form of crac/ing that may occur anyhere ina metallic component here relatie moement is constrained particularly underrepeated __________.

!. %yclic stresses$. &hermal cycling%. ?ressure ariations(. !ll of the aboe

$


64/87

)68. ____________ is often found in piping and eAuipment that handles causticincluding >GS and mercaptan remoal units as ell as eAuipment that uses causticfor neutrali#ation in sulfuric acid and > acid units.!. %arburi#ation$. Sulydrogen crac/ing

%

)66. Soil corrosion appears as e-ternal thinning ith locali#ed losses due to_________.!. Hesistiity$. ?itting%. "eneral corrosion(. ?otential

$

+00. !t high temperatures metal components can sloly and continuously deformunder load belo the yield stress. &his time dependent deformation of stressedcomponents is /non as __________.!. (eformation$. atigue%. %reep(. &hermal fatigue

%

+01. oul smelling ater may be a sign of fouling andEor _______!. M=%$. >=%%. SC>=%(. !ll of the aboe

!

+0). %austic is sometimes added to process streams for ________ or as a reactant.!. Stability$. %orrosion control%. eutrali#ation(. =nhibiting

%


65/87

+0+. %ontrary to a pure mechanical fatigue there is no _________ load in corrosion:assistant fatigue. %orrosion promotes failure at a loer stress and number of cyclesthan the materials normal endurance.!. &ensile

$. Stress%. (uctile(. atigue limit

(

+04. ! form of fatigue crac/ing in hich crac/s deelop under the combined e9ectsof cyclic loading and corrosion is called _______. %rac/ing often initiates at stressconcentrations such as a pit in the surface.!. %yclic crac/ing

$. %orrosion fatigue%. Stress fatigue(. Stress crac/ing

$

+05. Hefractory anchor material must be compatible ith the _________ of the basemetal!. %omposition$. *elding%. &hermal coeKcient

(. (uctility

%

+02. _________ material sections also hae a ___________ resistance to brittle fracturedue to higher constraint hich increases tria-ial stresses at the crac/ tip.!. &hinner oer$. &hic/er oer%. &hinner >igher(. &hic/er >igher

$

+07. Stresses acting on the eldments are signi


66/87

!. oer$. >igher%. !ltered(. one of the aboe

$

+08. S%% usually occurs at p> alues aboe to 3). S%% tendency __________toard the al/aline p> region.!. =ncreases$. (ecreases%. Stabili#es(. one of the aboe

$

+06. ___________ crac/ing has been a ma;or problem in co/e drum shells.!. Stress$. %arburi#ation%. &hermal fatigue(. Sul


67/87

+1). *ith 885 embrittlement increasing amounts of ________ increasesusceptibility to damage hen operating in the high temperature range of concern.!. %hromium$. >ardness%. errite

(. >ydrogen%

+1+. =n susceptible materials the primary factor that a9ects sigma phase formationis the ________ at eleated temperatures.!. &ime of e-posure$. ?ressure%. Stress(. Ielocity

!

+14. Sigma phase in elds can be minimi#ed by controlling ferrite in the range of_________ for &ype +47 SS.!. +:5$. 5:7%. 7:6(. 5:6

(

+15. Steel cleanliness and _______ hae a signi


68/87

+17. &he rate of creep deformation is a function of the material load andtemperature. &he rate of damage is sensitie to both load and temperature."enerally an increase of about _______ or an increase of ________ on stress can cutthe remaining life in half.

!. )5 15$. 50 10%. 50 15(. )5 10

!

+18. %reep and stress rupture is more li/ely in a _________ grained material than a_______ grained material.!. %ourse ine

$. ine %ourse%. !ustenetic Martensitic(. one of the aboe

!

+16. &he creep threshold temperature for 1 R ) R 5 and 6 %r is ________.!. 200 $. 700 %. 800 (. 1000

%

+)0. &he creep threshold temperature for carbon steel is ________.!. +15 %$. +71 %%. 4)2 %(. 5+8 %

$

+)1. ey factors a9ecting thermal fatigue are the magnitude of the temperatureand the __________.!. umber of cycles$. ?ressure%. Stress(. !lloy composition


69/87

!

+)). ! form of thermal crac/ing __________ can occur hen high and non:uniformthermal stresses deelop oer a relatiely short period of time in a piece of

eAuipment due to di9erential e-pansion and contraction.!. &hermal e-pansion$. &hermal stress%. &hermal shoc/(. inear e-pansion

%

+)+. "eometry stress leel number of cycles and _________ are the predominatefactors in determining the fatigue resistance of a component.!. &emperature

$. Material properties%. ?ressure(. Ielocity

$

+)4. *ith cooling ater corrosion _________ o-ygen content tends to ________carbon steel corrosion rates.!. =ncreasing increasing$. (ecreasing decreasing

%. (ecreasing increasing(. =ncreasing decreasing

!

+)5. +00 Series SS can su9er pitting corrosion creice corrosion and ________ infresh blac/ish and salt ater.!. "eneral corrosion$. C-idation%. S%%(. one of the aboe

%

+)2. *ith ery fe e-ceptions cooling ater should alays be on the ________ sideto minimi#e stagnant areas.!. &ube$. Shell


70/87

%. =nlet(. Cutlet

!

+)7. %orrosion in boiler feedater and condensate return systems is usually theresult of dissoled gases o-ygen and _______.!. %arbon mono-ide$. >GC%. &emperature(. %arbon (io-ide

(

+)8. %arbon dio-ide 3%CG corrosion results hen %CG dissoles in ater to form

________.!. %arbon mono-ide$. %arbonic acid%. >ydroFuoric acid(. one of the aboe

$

+)6. &he primary factors a9ecting high temperature o-idation are metaltemperature and _______.!. ?ressure$. !lloy composition%. Stress(. C-ygen

$

++0. _______ is the primary alloying agent that a9ects resistance to o-idation.!. %hromium$. Molybdenum%. Silicon

(. !luminum

!

++1. *ith sul


71/87

%. >as no e9ect on(. Stops

!

++). Ma;or factors a9ecting sul


72/87

!. >ardness$. Softness%. $rittleness(. C-idi#ing

$

++7. _________ is accelerated high temperature astage of materials that occurshen contaminants in the fuel form deposits and melt on the metal surfaces.!. Spheroidi#ation$. (ealloying%. uel ash corrosion(. one of the aboe

%

++8. itriding layers are magnetic. &herefore _________ should be chec/ed formagnetism as an initial screening for nitriding.!. +00 Series SS$. 400 Series SS%. (uple- SS(. o alloy steel

!

++6. _________ is surface initiated crac/s caused by enironmental crac/ing of +00Series SS and some nic/el based alloys under the combined action of tensile stresstemperature and an aAueous chloride enironment. &he presence of dissoledo-ygen increases the propensity for crac/ing.!. SS%$. SC>=%%. %l S%%(. >=%

%

+40. ! fatigue fracture is brittle and the crac/s are most often __________.!. ?arallel$. &ransgranular%. =ntergranular(. &ranserse

$


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+41. *hen caustic stress corrosion crac/ing is a concern steam out of _________carbon steel piping and eAuipment should be aoided.!. ?*>&$. on:?*>&%. erritic

(. >ardened$

+4). !lthough crac/s may be seen isually crac/ detection for caustic stresscorrosion crac/ing is best detected by *M& '% H& and ______.!. ?&$. M&%. !%M(. !ll of the aboe

%

+4+. *ith ammonia stress corrosion crac/ing eld hardness should not e-ceed_______ $>.!. )+7$. ))5%. )+5(. )18

$

+44. "alani#ed steel components should not be elded to ________ due to M'.!. +00 Series SS$. 400 Series SS%. %arbon steel(. (uple- SS

!

+45. =f et electrodes or high moisture content Fu- is used ________ can be charged

into the steel resulting in delayed crac/ing.!. !tomic hydrogen$. >ydrogen%. C-ygen(. >GC

$


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+42. &o preent hydrogen embrittlement use loer strength steels and _________ totemper the microstructure improe ductility and reduce residual stresses.!. !lloys$. ?reheat%. ?*>&

(. !ll of the aboe%

+47. !mine crac/ing is a form of ________ stress corrosion crac/ing.!. >ydrogen$. %austic%. ?olythionic(. !l/aline

(

+48. SS% is a form of ________ stress corrosion crac/ing.!. >ydrogen$. %austic%. ?olythionic(. !l/aline

!

+46. _________ of the amine system is the most e9ectie ay to preent aminecorrosion.!. ?roper concentration$. ?roper operation%. ?roper design(. ?roper startup

$

+50. !mmonium chloride salts are hydroscopic and readily absorb ater. ! ________amount of ater can lead to ery aggressie ammonium chloride corrosion.

!. arge$. Small%. ?roper(. =mproper

$


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+51. &he ma;or factors a9ecting high temperature sulGS concentration and the ________.!. ?ressure$. Stress%. !lloy composition

(. Ielocity%

+5). *ith > acid corrosion o-ygen contamination _________ the corrosion rate ofcarbon steel and promotes accelerated corrosion and S%% of !lloy 400.!. =ncreases$. (ecreases%. Maintains(. 'liminates

!

+5+. *ith sour ater corrosion at a gien pressure the >GS concentration in thesour ater _________ as temperatures ________.!. =ncreases increases$. (ecreases decreases%. =ncreases decreases(. (ecreases increases

(

+54. *ith sulfuric acid corrosion carbon steel corrosion rates increases signi=% and SC>=% hae been found to occur beteen ambient and________.!. )50 $. +00 %. +50 (. 400


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$

+52. SS% generally occurs belo about ________.!. ))5

$. )00 %. 180 (. 150

%

+57. SC>=% is drien by locali#ed stresses so that __________ is somehat e9ectiein preenting SC>=% damage.!. ?*>&$. ?reheat%. &emperature

(. one of the aboe

!

+58. $listering >=% SC>=% and SS% damage can occur hereer there is a____________ enironment.!. *et >GS$. >ydrogen%. Sulfur(. !Aueous

!

+56. %rac/ing susceptibility increases ith __________ p> and carbonateconcentration.!. =ncreasing$. (ecreasing%. o(. >igh

!

+20. (issimilar eld metal crac/ing can be aggraated by _______.!. Stress$. ?ressure%. &hermal cycling(. %yclic stresses


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%

+21. Stress relief and stabili#ation heat treatment of +00 Series SS for ma-imi#ingchloride S%% and ?!S%% resistance can cause ____________ problems especially in

thic/er sections.!. &hermal fatigue$. Heheat crac/ing%. >ydrogen(. >=%

$

+2). &he depoint of hydrochloric acid depends on the concentration of hydrogenchloride. =t is typically about _________.!. 180

$. 120 %. 1+0 (. 110

%

+2+. S%% tendency ________ toards the al/aline p> region.!. (ecreases$. =ncreases%. Hemains constant

(. Iaries

!

+24. =t is generally accepted that stresses approaching _________ are reAuired forS%% to occur so that thermal stress relief is e9ectie in preenting caustic S%%.!. M!*?$. Jield%. %reep range(. %ritical

$

+25. %admium and lead ill cause M' on _____________.!. %opper alloys$. +00 Series SS%. !luminum alloys(. >igh strength steel


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(

+22. &he regenerator reboiler and the regenerator are areas here the temperatureand __________ of the amine stream are the highest and can cause signi4>Sconcentration and __________ elocity.!. =ncreasing (ecreasing

$. =ncreasing =ncreasing%. (ecreasing (ecreasing(. (ecreasing =ncreasing

$

+28. C-ygen and iron in the ash ater in;ected into reactor eQuent can lead to__________ corrosion and fouling.!. =ncreased$. (ecreased

%. Substantial(. Minimal

!

+26. ________ in;ection donstream of the desalter is another common method usedto reduce the amount of >%l going oerhead.!. >ydrogen$. itrogen%. *ater(. %austic

(

+70. Susceptibility to sul


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+75. ! minimum of ________ to ______ molybdenum is needed in an alloy to resistnaphthenic acid corrosion.!. ) +$. 1 T ) T %. ) ) T

(. 1 )%

+72. !% may be found in hot hydrocarbon streams donstream of the crude andacuum units __________ any hydrogen mi- point.!. @pstream of$. (onstream of%. !d;acent to(. !round

!

+77. _________ acid is most often used as a catalyst in polymeri#ation units.!. ?olythionic$. aphthenic%. ?hosphoric(. Sulfuric

%

+78. *ith sour ater corrosion streams ith a p> belo ________ indicate thepresence of a strong acid.!. 7.0$. 5.5%. 2.0(. 4.5

(

+76. Sour ater corrosion in _________ containing enironments may be

accompanied by carbonate S%%.!. >GC$. >GS%. %CG(. CG

%


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+80. ?hosphoric acid corrosion is usually found in ________ areas.!. >igh elocity$. o elocity%. >igh temperature(. o temperature

$

+81. &ype +04 SS is satisfactory for phosphoric acid concentration of 100 up toabout _________. &ype +)1 is reAuired from there to ))5 .!. 140 $. 150 %. 100 (. 1)0

(

+8). +00 Series SS can be used for sour ater serice at temperatures belo_______ here %hloride S%% is not li/ely.!. 1)0 $. 140 %. 150 (. 175

$

+8+. *ith sulfuric acid corrosion mi- points ith _______ cause heat to be releasedand high corrosion rates can occur here the acid becomes diluted.!. *ater$. >ydrogen%. >GS(. %austic

!

+84. *ith sulfuric acid corrosion the presence of o-idi#ers can _______ the corrosion

rate.!. =ncrease$. (ecrease%. Stabili#e(. 'liminate

!


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+85. *ith sulfuric acid corrosion alloys such as !lloy )0 resist dilute acid corrosionand form a protectie ________


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+60. =n order to minimi#e and preent amine S%% ?*>& all carbon steel elds inaccordance ith !?= H? _____.!. 751$. 61)%. 510

(. 645(

+61. SS% is a form of hydrogen stress crac/ing resulting from the absorption ofatomic hydrogen that is produced by the ______ corrosion process on the metalsurface.!. >%l$. >%. SulGS

%

+6). ________ signi=%and SC>=% damage.!. %austic$. %yanides%. Stress(. &emperature

$

+6+. !ll piping and eAuipment e-posed to > acid at any concentration ithhardness leels aboe the recommended limit 3)+7 $> are sub;ect to _________.!. >ydrogen stress crac/ing$. Sulydrogen stress crac/ing is the same mechanism that is responsible for sulGS enironments e-cept that > acid is generatingthe __________.!. Sulydrogen(. one of the aboe


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%

+65. %arbonate S%% can occur at relatiely lo leels of ________ but usually occursat elds that hae not been stressed relieed.

!. Hesidual stress$. !pplied stress%. !cid concentration(. one of the aboe

!

+62. %arbonate S%% may easily be mista/en for SS% or SC>=%N hoeer thecarbonate crac/s are usually ________ the toe of the eld and hae multiple parallelcrac/s.!. urther from

$. %loser to%. (iagonal to(. ?erpendicular to

!

+67. +00 Series SS 5%r 6%r and 1)%r alloys are not susceptible to ________ atconditions normally seen in re=%

%. >&>!(. >&!

%

+68. *ith high temperature hydrogen attac/ ________ using a combination ofelocity ratio and bac/scatter hae been the most successful in


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%. (ense(. &reated

!

400. >&>! is dependant on temperature hydrogen partial pressure time and_________.!. ?ressure$. Stress%. Jield(. &ensile strength

$

401. __________ is a form of damage found mostly in older intage carbon steels and

%:0.5 Mo lo alloy steels under the combined e9ects of deformation and aging at anintermediate temperature.!. Spheroidi#ation$. &hermal fatigue%. Strain aging(. one of the aboe

%

40). ! acuum toer operating at 740 is being entered to inspect. Seeral sets of&ype 410 SS trays are bent at arious angles. &he trays are remoed in order tostraighten them. *hen an attempt is made to straighten them crac/s form at thebends. *hat type of damage mechanism ould cause the crac/s to form,!. >ydrogen embrittlement$. Suligh temperature corrosion

%

40+. ! steam actuated soot bloer has condensate in the


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404. ! 2L !102 "r $ Fanged line carrying caustic ash ater at )00 has signs ofatmospheric corrosion. *hich of the folloing may hae help accelerate thecorrosion,!. Sul


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406. *hich of the folloing materials are the least susceptible to causticembrittlement,!. %arbon steel$. Stainless steel

%. 6%r:0.5 Mo(. ic/el base alloys

(

410. ! carbon steel bundle from the oerhead condenser in the crude unit operatesat +00 and is in hydrochloric acid serice. =t shoed seere pitting type corrosionhen pulled for inspection. *hat type of material ould be best suited for thisserice,!. 5%r:0.5Mo

$. +12 stainless steel%. 6%r:1Mo(. &itanium

(

411. +00 series stainless steel heater tubes in an oil:burning furnace in thehydrocrac/er began to lea/ and the furnace as brought don. *hat as theprobable cause of the crac/ing,!. %hloride stress corrosion$. ?olythionic acid stress corrosion

%. !mine stress corrosion(. Stress oriented hydrogen induced crac/ing

$

api 571 sample questions 2010

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