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Page 1: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

Powered by Data Driven by Insight

Journey with ICIS as we examine the past present and future of the petrochemical industry

2025 The Petrochemical OdysseyAPIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May

ICIS APIC Booklet_Coverindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet_Coverindd 2 11516 305 pm11516 305 pm

Powered by Data Driven by Insight

Withstand market volatility with deep insight and tools to help you plan

Pricing reports Benchmark prices (spot or contract) including market commentaries on the latest deals transactions and price drivers

Real-time News24-hour global coverage of chemicals news including updates on plant capacities output and shutdowns keeping you informed of market developments as they happen

Price forecastsMonthly forecasts for selected commodities showing a 12-month rolling price forecast trade balances and market sentiment

Supply and Demand Database An end-to-end perspective across the global petrochemical and refi nery supply chain Data includes import and export volumes consumption plant capacities and production ndash from 1978 up to 2030 ndash by product country and region

Scenario Study Demand ndash The New Direction for Profi t Special report addressing critical things to know to survive and prosper in todayrsquos chaotic petrochemical markets

Consulting Service Tailored solutions based on your unique business needs ndash from research and due diligence to investment analysisand portfolio optimisation

Navigate through price uncertainty with ICIS pricing data and market intelligence

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 1ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 1 11516 337 pm11516 337 pm

Enquire about our products and services

ICIS price forecast reportsSupply demand and price trends at a glance

ICIS price forecast reports provide a clear view of prices and supply and demand trends for the next 12 months Packed with vital information reports include everything you need to assess where the market is heading and the impact or opportunity that presents for your business

How price forecast reports can help you

Use ICIS price forecast reports to understand where the market is heading and identify the risks and the opportunities for your business What are the major demand developments for your product

Understand the market

Use market information to make better-informed business decisions relating to supply and demand Learn about changes in market capacities What factors will affect supply for you

Safeguard commercial decisions

Whether you are planning how much you will be spending in the short-to-medium or even long term use the price forecast reports to help assess future prices for your product What will the price of your product be in six monthsrsquo time

Budgeting and planning

New featurePrice Forecast Window

ICIS price forecasts are now available on the Dashboard channel using the Price Forecast Window which will enable users to

n Chart the price forecast against the last (rolling) 12 months of related price history

n Plot the last 12 months to view forecast progression and ICIS forecast accuracy

n Convert data into different currencies and units and download this data into Excel in order to easily enter into your own calculations

Price forecast reports currently available

Asia

PolypropylenePolyethylene

BenzeneStyrenePolystyrene

Europe USA

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 3 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 32 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free trial

The New (And Old) Demand And

Supply Drivers

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 1 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 3 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 5wwwiciscom 5

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 6

The supply-driven model no longer works

A paradigm shift is under way in the global economy as well as in the global petrochemical marketsHaving expected this we successfully forecast the slowdown in the Chinese

economy and the collapse of oil pricesStimulus hangover a lot of it badly spent has left big supply overhangs and so

the loss of pricing power

wwwiciscom 7Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 88Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 99Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

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20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 2: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

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Supply and Demand Database An end-to-end perspective across the global petrochemical and refi nery supply chain Data includes import and export volumes consumption plant capacities and production ndash from 1978 up to 2030 ndash by product country and region

Scenario Study Demand ndash The New Direction for Profi t Special report addressing critical things to know to survive and prosper in todayrsquos chaotic petrochemical markets

Consulting Service Tailored solutions based on your unique business needs ndash from research and due diligence to investment analysisand portfolio optimisation

Navigate through price uncertainty with ICIS pricing data and market intelligence

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 1ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 1 11516 337 pm11516 337 pm

Enquire about our products and services

ICIS price forecast reportsSupply demand and price trends at a glance

ICIS price forecast reports provide a clear view of prices and supply and demand trends for the next 12 months Packed with vital information reports include everything you need to assess where the market is heading and the impact or opportunity that presents for your business

How price forecast reports can help you

Use ICIS price forecast reports to understand where the market is heading and identify the risks and the opportunities for your business What are the major demand developments for your product

Understand the market

Use market information to make better-informed business decisions relating to supply and demand Learn about changes in market capacities What factors will affect supply for you

Safeguard commercial decisions

Whether you are planning how much you will be spending in the short-to-medium or even long term use the price forecast reports to help assess future prices for your product What will the price of your product be in six monthsrsquo time

Budgeting and planning

New featurePrice Forecast Window

ICIS price forecasts are now available on the Dashboard channel using the Price Forecast Window which will enable users to

n Chart the price forecast against the last (rolling) 12 months of related price history

n Plot the last 12 months to view forecast progression and ICIS forecast accuracy

n Convert data into different currencies and units and download this data into Excel in order to easily enter into your own calculations

Price forecast reports currently available

Asia

PolypropylenePolyethylene

BenzeneStyrenePolystyrene

Europe USA

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 3 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 32 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free trial

The New (And Old) Demand And

Supply Drivers

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 1 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 3 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 5wwwiciscom 5

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 6

The supply-driven model no longer works

A paradigm shift is under way in the global economy as well as in the global petrochemical marketsHaving expected this we successfully forecast the slowdown in the Chinese

economy and the collapse of oil pricesStimulus hangover a lot of it badly spent has left big supply overhangs and so

the loss of pricing power

wwwiciscom 7Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 88Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 99Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 3: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

ICIS price forecast reportsSupply demand and price trends at a glance

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Use ICIS price forecast reports to understand where the market is heading and identify the risks and the opportunities for your business What are the major demand developments for your product

Understand the market

Use market information to make better-informed business decisions relating to supply and demand Learn about changes in market capacities What factors will affect supply for you

Safeguard commercial decisions

Whether you are planning how much you will be spending in the short-to-medium or even long term use the price forecast reports to help assess future prices for your product What will the price of your product be in six monthsrsquo time

Budgeting and planning

New featurePrice Forecast Window

ICIS price forecasts are now available on the Dashboard channel using the Price Forecast Window which will enable users to

n Chart the price forecast against the last (rolling) 12 months of related price history

n Plot the last 12 months to view forecast progression and ICIS forecast accuracy

n Convert data into different currencies and units and download this data into Excel in order to easily enter into your own calculations

Price forecast reports currently available

Asia

PolypropylenePolyethylene

BenzeneStyrenePolystyrene

Europe USA

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 3 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 32 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free trial

The New (And Old) Demand And

Supply Drivers

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 1 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 3 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 5wwwiciscom 5

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 6

The supply-driven model no longer works

A paradigm shift is under way in the global economy as well as in the global petrochemical marketsHaving expected this we successfully forecast the slowdown in the Chinese

economy and the collapse of oil pricesStimulus hangover a lot of it badly spent has left big supply overhangs and so

the loss of pricing power

wwwiciscom 7Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 88Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 99Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 4: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

The New (And Old) Demand And

Supply Drivers

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 1 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 3 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 5wwwiciscom 5

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 6

The supply-driven model no longer works

A paradigm shift is under way in the global economy as well as in the global petrochemical marketsHaving expected this we successfully forecast the slowdown in the Chinese

economy and the collapse of oil pricesStimulus hangover a lot of it badly spent has left big supply overhangs and so

the loss of pricing power

wwwiciscom 7Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 88Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 99Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 5: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 5wwwiciscom 5

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 6

The supply-driven model no longer works

A paradigm shift is under way in the global economy as well as in the global petrochemical marketsHaving expected this we successfully forecast the slowdown in the Chinese

economy and the collapse of oil pricesStimulus hangover a lot of it badly spent has left big supply overhangs and so

the loss of pricing power

wwwiciscom 7Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 88Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 99Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

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20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 6: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 6

The supply-driven model no longer works

A paradigm shift is under way in the global economy as well as in the global petrochemical marketsHaving expected this we successfully forecast the slowdown in the Chinese

economy and the collapse of oil pricesStimulus hangover a lot of it badly spent has left big supply overhangs and so

the loss of pricing power

wwwiciscom 7Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 88Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 99Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 7: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 7Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 88Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 99Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 8: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 88Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 99Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 9: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 99Demand The New Direction for Profit

The rise and fall of the Economic Supercycle

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 10: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 10wwwiciscom 10

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 11: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 11

We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why

3335 35 35 35 36 36

6 7 8 8 8 89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 20250

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

China versus India PP consumption

World consumption in 000 tonnes China consumption in 000 tonnes

India consumption in 000 tonnes China percentage share of global total

India as a percentage of global total

-

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTH ampCENTRALAMERICA

EUROPE FORMERUSSR

AFRICA MIDDLEEAST

NORTHEAST

ASIA EX-CHINA

ASIA ANDPACIFIC

CHINA

000

tonn

es

2015 LLDPE imports

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 12: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 12

The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers

7872

77

91

114

138

154164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China PTA

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnesyear

Capacity as of consumption

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

China Europe Japan South Korea US Taiwan

lsquo000

ton

nes

year

Average size of PTA capacities

2000 2016

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 13: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 13

The biggest credit bubble in economic history

President Xi Jinping opening the 3rd Plenum

November 2013ldquoThe good meat is all gone all that is left are hard bones to chewrdquo

Premier Li Keiqiang in his Work Report to the National Peoplersquos Congress March 2016

ldquoThis is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economyrdquo

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 14: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 14

China moves into major potential export positions

52105

31263 31785

522

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports -00

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

China PTA Scenario 1 for 2016 - operating rate at 60

ICIS Consulting base case on the left Both scenarios assume 5 demand growth

Source ICIS Consulting

52105

32826 31785

-1041

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Exports

China PTA Scenario 2 for 2016 - 63 opearting rate

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 15: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 15

China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene

China consumed 13m tonnes of phenol in 2010 versus capacity of 880000 tonnesyear In 2016 ICIS Consulting expects capacity of 27m tonnesyear versus 22m tonnes of demandAcrylic acid capacity in China in 2010 was 11m tonnesyear versus consumption of 1m tonnes

In 2016 we are forecasting 36m tonnesyear of capacity versus 16m tonnes of demand

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

000

tonn

es

China consumption

Ethylene Proplylene

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 16: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 16

6368 70

7781

85

9599

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polypropylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes

Local capacity as a of consumption

A 163 increase in capacity

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

It was about building factories for the sake of building factories to preserve jobsLittle regard was given to

conventional analysis of long term supply and demand

It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 17: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 17

21780

18295

22010

3715

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity in 000tonnesyear

Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnes

Imports in 000tonnes

China PP Scenario 1 for 2016 - 84 operating rate

21780

19820

22010

2190

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Capacity Production in 000tonnes

Consumption in000 tonnnes

Imports

China PP Scenario 2 for 2016 - 90 operating rate

Both scenarios assume our ldquobase caserdquo demand growth of 65Source ICIS Consulting

China moving closer to self sufficiency

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

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20 Y

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 18: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 18

54

60 62 64 65 66 68 68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Polyethylene in China

Capacity in 000 tonnesyear Consumption in 000 tonnes Capacity as a of consumption

Opportunities remain strong but for whom

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

A 103 rise in capacity

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 19: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 19

Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues

1509516008

25010 24780

99158772

-

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Base case 87 operating rate 6 growth Scenario 2 95 operating rate 5 growth

Two scenarios for China PE in 2016

Production Consumption Imports

Demand The New Direction for ProfitSource ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 20: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 20wwwiciscom 20

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 21: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 21

China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power

ECONOMICS

POLITICS

SOCIAL

THE WESTOPERATES HERE

MIDDLE EASTOPERATES HERE

CHINAOPERATES HERE

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

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20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 22: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 22

The importance of Five-Year-Plans

In ethylene equivalent terms net imports rose by 2m tonnes to 174m tonnes between 2010-2014 but are expected to rise by just 5 to 183m tonnes by 2020 Under the 13th Five-Year-Plan

(2016-2020) Chinarsquos ethylene self-sufficiency rate would thus rise to 62 in 2020 In propylene equivalent terms net

imports rose by 1m tonnes to 9m tonnes by 2014 but are expected to fall by 60 to just 36m by 2020 Chinarsquos self-sufficiency rate would rise from 67 in 2014 to 93 in 2020

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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20 Y

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 23: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 23

Total North America 245088 27

Total S amp Cent America 14641 2

Total Europe amp Eurasia 310538 35

Total Middle East amp Africa 32936 4

China 114500 13

Asia Pacific ex-China 173828 19

Proved coal reserves at end-2014 in million tonnes and of global total

Total North America Total S amp Cent America Total Europe amp Eurasia

Total Middle East amp Africa China Asia Pacific ex-China

Source BP World Review of Energy 2015

Coal You need multiple scenariosCTO plants preserve jobs in the

coal mining regionsThey maintain demand for coal

which is declining due to planned cutbacks in outdated steel production and a slowing economyThey contribute to Chinarsquos energy

balanceBig logistics improvements making

freight between regions quicker and cheaperUpgrading six tonnes of coal at

around $20tonne to a tonne of say raffia-grade PP - $970-990tonne on 29 AprilBig improvement in water efficiency

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 24: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 24

Demographics and the Lewis CurveThe one child policy has resulted in

a 421 family structure One child may need to care for 2 parents and 4 grand parentsChina is ageing rapidly before it has

reached developed economy status The median age will hit 471 by 2030 compared to 399 in the USThe working age population (aged

15-64 years) will shrink by 108 in 2014-2030 This is equivalent to 107 million fewer people

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 25: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 25

New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 26: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 26

Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturingA smartphone manufacturer in

Guangdong makes all its components from scratch including the electronic chemicals higher-value polymers and the memory chipsBut it cannot afford to assemble the

smartphones in Guangdong because of higher labour costsSo the unassembled phones are

shipped to Yunnan for final assembly where labour costs are much lowerThe phones are wrapped in locally

made polymers via CTO plants and shipped overseas ndashvia the One Belt One Road initiative and around China

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 27: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 27

Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty

Huge potential for internet sales boom and thus growth in polymers because

1 Many second and third-tier cities lack enough conventional retailing to serve needs

2 Excellent connectivity3 Outstanding road and rail

links4 Items bought online are

around 50 cheaper in China than traditional retailing compared with 10 in the US

The Ctrip HQ opposite our offices in Shanghai The companyhas 30000 employees

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 28: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 28

Growing complexity and uncertainty

One of Chinarsquos biggest challenges is raising enough taxes to pay for its ageing population and its environmental clean-up

1 Will the taxes from internet sales be enough to replace lost revenues from factory closures and smaller conventional retail sector

2 ldquoCash on deliveryrdquo very common and so online companies avoid taxation entirely

Jack Ma of Alibaba

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 29: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 29wwwiciscom 29

Agenda

The global economy is moving in new directions

Chinarsquos move to self-sufficiency creates supply gluts

A long-term outlook for China

A need to return to demand-led business models

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

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20 Y

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 30: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 30

The global opportunity Create your own demand

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 31: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 31

Water shortages The challenges and opportunities

Globally 20-30 of drinking water is lost because of leakages in urban distribution systems ndash Huge opportunity for plastic pipesAlmost 60 of the worldrsquos fresh

water goes to crop irrigation with many countries charging nothing for its use ndash Drip irrigation systems ndash ie ldquoplastic veinsrdquo ndash that direct water to the roots of each plant

Aqueduct Alliance members include Dow Chemical DuPont and Shell

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 32: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 32

Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days

Dow Chemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 33: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 33

ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore

The percentage of high and medium strength steel used in US autos rose from 133 in 2009 to 162 in 2014 iron rose from 52 to 68 aluminium rose from 82 to 10 and glass recovered to 24Meanwhile of the polymers

only PP has seen volume gains polyurethane has held 2009 levels ndash and all the rest have lost volume

Demand The New Direction for Profit

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 34: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 34

In autos you must therefore for example

Work with the auto makers who will want ever-cheaper materials to design with them models that beat non-organics on cost and performanceOpportunities in 3D printing as a

means of keeping old cars on the roadAutonomous driving might result in less

autos sales volumes So again you have to work closely with the auto companies

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 35: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 35

Separating the Winners from the Losers

Winners in this transition will believe that

Business models will return to being demand-driven based on application developmentCompanies need to realign

their offerings with key demographic drivers eg the ageing BabyBoomers and greater domestic consumption in emerging economiesProfitable growth will come

from providing sustainable solutions that meet real needs (not just ldquowantsrdquo) in these new markets

Losers in this transition will be those who think that

Stimulus programmes will return markets to the supply-driven model of the SupercycleChinarsquos demand will be the

saviour of the global industryThe rise in oil prices meant

end-user demand was robustCompanies now lsquocaught in

the middlersquo neither low-cost or selling a solution will somehow regain pricing power

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 36: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

Supply and Demand DatabaseSingle searchable source of historical data on

global petrochemical and energy markets

Historical and forecast data (1978-2030)

Over 100 petrochemical products

Over 12000 re nery units

Over 18500 petrochemical plants

Import export and consumption volumes

Plant capacity production and operating status

Upcoming plants including speculative and announced projects

Data breakdown by country region product or product family

GDP population and consumer price index by country

More than just data the ICIS Supply and Demand Database is a powerful analytics tool which gives end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain including re neries Data is derived by ICISrsquos team of Consultants using a lsquobottom-uprsquo approach ndash reconciling demand with supply production local capacity and net trade Forecasts are validated against economic indicators such as GDP and per capita consumption

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 4 11516 306 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 60 51316 322 PM

Click here to request a free demo

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 37: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

Fundamentals Shift in the Basic

Chemicals Industry

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 2 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 33 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 38: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 38wwwiciscom 38

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 39: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 39

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Ethylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Export-oriented ethylene derivatives projects are expected in the US and Middle East

Strong PP demand growth especially in NE Asia (China) drives dedicated propylene capacity additions

5101520253035404550

NorthAmerica

South ampCentralAmerica

Europe FormerUSSR

Africa MiddleEast

NortheastAsia

South ampSoutheast

Asia

Prod

uctio

n in

mill

ion

tonn

es

Regional Propylene Supply Outlook

2010 2015 2020

FeedsDerivatives

Feeds

DerivativesFeeds

Derivatives

DerivativesFeeds

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 40: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 40

+940+407

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Additional 25 million tonnes of US Polyethylene heading to China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+2515+2515

To NE Asia

+127

+1270

+225 +180

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

To South amp SE Asia

+946From N America

+946

+290

Middle East

+555

+417

+324

Global Polyethylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

Note potential challenging positions of SEA Producers

US PE coming to Asia

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

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20 Y

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 41: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 41

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

China PP imports to fall with local PDH CTO amp MTO SUs

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+232

+105

-440 -738

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

NE Asia(China)

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+1258

Global Polypropylene Trade Flow Key Development (2015 vs 2020)

+244

China more self sufficient on PP with SEA PP moving back to region so does ME repositioning exports

Incremental US PP will effectively be consumed domesticallyregionally

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 42: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 42

Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

2 6 10

0102030405060708090

100

2010 2015 2020

Global Olefin Capacity By Route

Steam CrackingRefinery Gas Non-Traditional Routes Others

How are these non-traditional routes changing the olefin industry dynamics

Steam cracking remains the key workhorse

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 43: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 43

PDH capacity is expected to almost double to reach over 16m tonnesyear by 2020

Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production

Close to 70 of PDH capacity addition in the next five years will come from the US and China

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

02468

1012141618

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

mill

ion

tonn

esy

ear

Global PDH Capacity

US Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East China

Northeast Asia EX China South amp Southeast Asia

2016-2020 PDH Capacity Addition by Region

US39

China30

Europe5

Former USSR6

Africa0

Middle East8

Northeast Asia EX China

11

South amp Southeast

Asia1

China

US

ME69

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 44: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 44

NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure

-600-400-200

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Euro

pe L

PG

ME

LPG

US

LPG

ME

Nap

htha

NEA

CTO

NEA

Nap

htha

NEA

LPG

Euro

pe N

apht

ha

US

PDH

ME

PDH

Euro

pe P

DH

US

Nap

htha

NEA

MTO

US

Met

athe

sis

NEA

PDH

Euro

pe M

etat

hesi

s

NEA

Met

athe

sis

$to

nne

2010 Propylene Cost 2015 Propylene Cost

2010 NEA Propylene Price 2015 NEA Propylene Price

In 2015 these routes benefitted from advantaged co-product costs especially ethylene

Volume contribution of Metathesis remains small

C3 cost from PDH effectively the price setter

C3= from US naphtha at higher cost due low C2= price a result of abundant ethane

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 45: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 45

Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

eAsian Propylene Cash Costs of Production

Propylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Propylene Cost from PDH

Net propylene Price Propylene Cost from MTP

Propylene Costs from CTO

CTO

MTP

Naphtha

PDH

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 46: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 46

CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop

2014

2015

2016

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Cash

Cos

ts $

ton

ne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional Ethylene Supply2014 2015 2016 Asian Ethylene Price 2016 to-date

$100 $50 $40

CTO

CTOCTO

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

MTO (merchant)

Source ICIS Consulting 2016 to-date

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 47: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 47

CTOMTO capacity development slowing down after the first wave of additions with likely delays and cancellations

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Re CTO amp MTO 20 are operating 12 are likely to happen out of 53 that had had planning approvals

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

Estimated CTOMTO Additions in China

Ethylene via CTO Ethylene via MTO

Propylene via CTO Propylene via MTO

CTO 10CTO (Future) 9MTO 10MTO (Future) 3

Number of Facilities

CTP

MTP

MTO

CTO

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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20 Y

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 48: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 48

Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol

Some companies have plans to invest in methanol production in the US and ship to China riding on the ldquocheaprdquo natural gasThe advantage though

remaining viable versus merchant MTO investment has disappeared considerably in the low oil price environment against that from naphtha

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Cons

tant

201

5 Do

llar

tonn

e

NE Asia Naphtha Cracker vs MTOEthylene Cost from Naphtha Cracker Asian net ethylene Price

Ethylene Costs MTO Ethylene Costs MTO (self-integrated US MeOH production)

US Shale revolution gave rise to wide availability of cheap natural gas

Naphtha

Integrated MTO

Merchant MTO

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 49: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 49

Above 7m tonnesyear of ethylene capacity is expected to be via CTOMTO by 2020

CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap

Above 14m tonnesyear of propylene capacity is expected to be via PDH and CTOMTO by 2020

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Propylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route PDH CTO MTO Consumption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

000

tonn

es

China Ethylene Capacity and Demand

Traditional Route CTO MTO Consumption

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 50: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 50

US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip

Ethylene derivatives exports still have a considerable buffer ndash though narrower ndash in a low oil price environmentStrong growth in export-oriented

projects may see North American feedstocks being lsquore-linkedrsquo with Asian pricesLower ROI will lead to longer

CAPEX payback and will slow down future waves of ethylene derivative investments

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

$to

nne

Freight + HandleUS HDPE Production Costs from Ethane (FOB US Gulf)HDPE Price CFR NEA

SOURCE ICIS Consulting

Ethylene cost from US ethane

HDPE

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

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20 Y

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 51: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 51

Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself

Source ICIS Consulting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

$to

nne

$to

nne

of e

thyl

ene

Northeast Asia Naphtha-Based Ethylene Margins

Ethylene Margin Crude Dated BFOE (RHS) Naphtha (RHS)

Ethylene Margin Trend Line Crude Dated BFOE Trend Line

SD drives utilisation which drives prices and in turn margins ndash a stronger influencing factor vis-agrave-vis feedstock prices

Naphtha

Crude

Ethylene Margin

Work to invest in new capacities

Demand down due to financial crisis

Huge new builds in 2010

Planning for more new capacities again

Coming out of Asia Crisis

New builds in lsquo05-rsquo07

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 52: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 52

In Summary

Traditional Route(Steam Cracker)

Non-Traditional Route(PDH CTO MTO)

Naphtha-based producers seeing improved marginsUS ethane-based ethylene

derivatives exports still viable albeit narrower spread against Asia marketAdvantage for Asian (imported)

ethane cracker is driven by concurrent strategic reasons

PDH remains a viable high-cost routeCTO moves to the far right in the

ethylene cost curveMTO based on merchant

methanol shifts to the top of cost curveAdvantage of MTO project

ldquointegratedrdquo to US methanol eroded

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 53: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 53wwwiciscom 53

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 54: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 54

Growing (Chinese) benzene demands take up co-product benzene supplyhellip

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

NORTH AMERICA18

RoW5

EUROPE17

MIDDLE EAST6

NORTH EAST ASIA47

SOUTH amp SE ASIA7

World Benzene Demand 2015

476 Million Tonnes

Benzene is a co-product from steam cracking or aromatic plantsStart-up delays at Jurong Aromatics OPaL India and Dragon Aromatics prevented

supply overhangLack of new benzene supply in Europe and US continues to increase their benzene

trade deficits

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

China Benzene Supply vs Demand

Production Consumption

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

onne

s

World Benzene Capacity vs Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization Rate

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

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LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

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enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 55: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 55

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Lightening of feedstocks in the US and specialty chemicals-focused Europe mean more benzene imports are needed primarily from Asia aided soon by Middle East

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+145

From NE Asia

+120

+920

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+130+330

(2015 1000000 tonnes)China

+600

Global benzene trade flows status quo (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 56: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 56

Huge paraxylene deficit in China with regional supply tightening

102030405060708090100

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX Supply Demand

Capacity Consumption Utilization rate

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

Chinese aromatic market continues to face huge PX deficit as players with reformer assets focus primarily on gasoline conversion Oversupply marred by mishaps in new capacity start-ups is expected to increase

utilisation rates thus aiding higher margins going forward

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Mill

ion

Met

ric To

nnes

China PX Supply Demand

Production Consumption

Utilisation

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 57: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 57

+940

Volumes in lsquo000 tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

+125

+1180

+1880

North America

South amp Central America

Africa

EuropeFormer USSR

Other NE Asia

South amp Southeast Asia

Middle East

+90 China

+800+230

All paraxylene export volumes flow to China (2015 vs 2020)

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 58: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 58

Looking into the future ndash industry to allow utilisation rate to creep up

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

iom

Met

ric To

nnes

World PX demand vs capacity (YoY) (2016-2020)

Yoy Confirmed Capacity YoY speculative Yoy Demand

NORTH AMERICA

12

RUSSIA amp CIS4

MIDDLE EAST28

SOUTH amp SE ASIA56

Global Additional Capacity (2016-2020)

72 Million Tonnes

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

PX capacity addition beyond 2018 looks to have slowed down allowing for demand to catch upPX production seeing a shift towards dedicated naphtha reformer unit leading to

recent emergence of dedicated condensate splitters as feedstock providers for aromatics

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 59: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 59

Dragon AromaticsCapacity 1600000 tonnesyr PXLocation ZhangzhouStart year 2013 ndash currently under repairIntegrated with aromatics production

1 Hyundai -LotteCapacity 140 mbday condensate with BTXLocation DaesanStart year 2016Integrated with Aromatics production2 Hanwha-Total PCCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation DaesanStart year 2014Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production3 SK Global ChemicalCapacity 1300000 tonnesyr PXLocation IncheonStart year 2014Integrated with Aromatics production4 S-OilCapacity 1700000 tonnesyr PXLocation OnsanStart year 2011Integrated with Aromatics production

Kashima AromaticsCapacity 400000 tonnesyr PXLocation KashimaStart year 2008Integrated with aromatics production

Trans-Pacific Petrochemical IndotamaCapacity 500000 tonnesyr PXLocation TubanStart year 2006 -currently aromatics not runningIntegrated with aromatics production

Jurong AromaticsCapacity 800000 tonnesyr PXLocation JurongStart year 2014 ndash currently idledIntegrated with aromatics production

PTT Global ChemicalCapacity 135mbday condensateLocation Map Ta PhutStart year 2009Integrated with OlefinsAromatics production

ldquoMixed signalsrdquo for emergence of splitter + aromatic capacities

Condensate splitter based PX capacity accounts for 16 of global PX

capacity

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 60: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 60

Condensate splitteraromatics sits near middle of cost curve

Cru - Nap ndash Crude Oil based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics Complex Cond - Nap ndash Condensate based Naphtha Reformer Aromatics ComplexSTDP - STDP Complex with toluene feed MX - PX Standalone Complex with feed MX

ME ndash Middle East NA ndash North America EU ndash Europe NEA ndash North East Asia SEA ndash South East Asia

Crude-Naphtha Reformate 60

Condensate-Naphtha Reformer 15

TDP 11

Pygas 4

TA 9

Global PX Capacity by Source

Lower crude oil price presents a lower feedstock cost to integrated aromatics production both from crude and condensatePX units fed by condensate splitter sits somewhere in the middle of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

EU-MX

NEASTDP

2016SEA-Cond-Nap

NEA-Cond-Nap

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

2015

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-Cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap

EU-cru-NapNEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-MXNA-MX

SEASTDP

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MX NEA-STDPSEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 61: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 61

Toluene conversions to PX is at higher end of the cost curve

400

800

1200

1600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Cash

cost

s C

onst

ant 2

015

$to

nne

Cumulative Capacity million tonnesyear (overall account for 90 global share)

Estimated Cash Costs of Regional PX production(Constant 2015 $)

2016

ME-cru-NapSEA-Cru-Nap EU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

NEA-Cond-NapNA-Cru-Nap

EU-MX

2014

ME-cru-Nap

NA-MXNA-STDP

NEA-MXNEA-STDP SEA-STDPME-cru-Nap

SEA-Cru-NapEU-cru-Nap NEA-Cru-Nap

ME- STDP

SEA-Cond-NapNEA-Cond-Nap

NA-Cru-Nap

SEA-STDP-NapNEA-STDP-Nap

NA-MXNEA-MX

SEA-Cond-Nap

Toluene conversion to PX via toluene disproportionation is relatively at the higher end of the cost curve in 2016 but it is a unit that becomes a swing producer ndash idle when margin gets squeezed run when margin becomes acceptable

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 62: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 62

Are improving Paraxylene margins here to stay

Margins = Product Price ndash Cash Costs (ie Feedstock cost + Energy Utility and Plant costs - Co-Product Credits)

Spreads = Product Price ndash Feedstock Price

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

$to

nne

PX-Naphtha Spreads vs Margins (integrated reformer aromatics complex) ndash NE Asia Basis

PX-Naphtha Spread NEA PX Gross Margins PX net Price Naphtha CFR Japan

Healthy margins

Negative margins

New Supply EffectldquoSurge in PX Supplyrdquo

Weak PX prices

Stable Crude

Lower crude

Source ICIS Consulting

Improved margins due to relatively lower feedstock naphtha

Improved margins

Aromatics operating margins in Q1 of 2016 so far have been on a rise in comparison to 2015 Relatively lower naphtha prices an interim relief to the aromatics market operating under squeezed marginsNew start-up delays and interim supply disruption from newly started plants also kept the supply in check

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 63: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 63wwwiciscom 63

Agenda

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for OlefinsPolyolefins

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Olefins Industry

Any Major Shift in Supply Demand and Trade for Aromatics

Impact of Low Oil Prices on Aromatics Industry

In Summary - Have Industry Fundamentals Changed

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

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MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 64: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 64

Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip

North America polyethylene albeit squeezed margin is coming to Asia (2017) with SE Asia players facing new challengesNon-traditional route olefins via PDH CTO amp MTO help to fill SD gap notably in

China even though most are today at top end of the cost curve China has grown near self-sufficiency for PP with changing trade flows for

Middle East and SE Asia playersPDH has grown in significance and remains a viable high-cost route likely

becomes the ldquoprice setterrdquoEarlier advantage of ldquoIntegratedrdquo MTO eroded in current low oil environment

Whatrsquos next Time for new investment planning Traditional or non-traditional routes for new olefin manufacture

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 65: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 65

Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellipOlefin (Pygas) and PX (Reformate) will continue to drive benzene supply

with no major change in trade flowsChina remains hugely short of PX PX margins improving with growing regional supply tightness due a few

recent plant mishapsEmerging dedicated condensate splitter aromatics plants help to

supplement PX shortfalls albeit some were embroiled in either safety or financial troubles Further integration of splitter with cracker will enhance viability Toluene conversion to benzene and xylenes at higher cost regime may be

idle except assets can be re-activated when spread becomes viable

Time to re-visit aromatic investment amid low oil gloomy outlookWhatrsquos the right strategy for new aromatics capacity investment

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 66: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

Scenario Study

FIVE key questions it will help you answer

DEMAND ndash THE NEW DIRECTION FOR PROFIT

This new study is the culmination of ve years of ground-breaking forecasting work and provides a critical assessment of the present economic landscape and a roadmap for navigating towards future pro t and growth

Click here to enquire about the Scenario Study

1What are themyths that have brought us to this point 2 3 4 5

The collapse of oil prices ndash what does this mean

How will Chinarsquos slowdown impact global markets

Where are the future opportunities

What demographic paradigm shifts impact supply amp demand fundamentals

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 5 13516 1033 am

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 86 51316 322 PM

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 67: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

Energy Re ning and Petrochemical

Feedstocks

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 3 11516 328 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 61 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

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BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 68: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 68Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Others

Japan

Russia

India

EU

US

China

by Geography

Fastest Growing

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

gt55

Progress US and ChinaIOCsIt will take time

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 69: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 69Source ICIS Elaboration from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts

Power Generation

Transport

Industry

Other

by Sector

Energy Related CO2 Emissions ()

() CO2 represents the majority of GHG and energy related accounts for 23 of it

Most Affected

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 70: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 70

IndustryTransportPower Generation

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

Fuels Contribution by Selected Sectors (million TOE)

Coal

GasOil

NFampO = Non Fossil Other

Coal

GasOil

NFampONFampO

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 71: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 71

Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers

CoalCoal

NFampONFampO

Fuels Contribution by Selected Geographies (million TOE)

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

North America EU Asia Rest of World

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database ICIS Elaborations from IEA BP ExxonMobil Industry data

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 72: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 72

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Key Regional Increases

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

China is Bighellip

hellipBut More countries (India)

Coal demand already down (except for India)

Efficiency

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 73: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 73

Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip

-1000

100200300400500600

Key Regional Increases

0

200

400

600

800

1000

ICIS 2015 Base Forecast New Demand Scenario

Global Increases

Coal Gas Oil Non FossilOther

Incremental Energy Demand (million TOE) 2015-2025

In a ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo

Renewables up

Coal down

Gas remains a lower carbon enabler

Petrochemicals will capture a growing share of oil demand

more oil and gas required

steady feedstock supply

NGLs Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

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20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 74: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 74Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 75: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 75Source Elaborations from Company web sites ICIS Pricing

A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

ldquoProxy Trendsrdquo in Earnings (not comparable in absolute terms)

Upstream (OampG) Downstream Chemicals Downstream amp Chemicals

Exxon Mobil Shell Total

0

2

4

6

0

40

80

120

Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016

Oil amp Gas Prices

Brent $bbl Henry Hub $MMBTU

Upstream vs Refining and Petrochemicals

The Saudi vision

More Refining and Petrochemicals

Oil is an enabler

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 76: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 76wwwiciscom 76

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 77: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 77Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 78: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 78Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

US Price developments $MMBTU

Natural Gas Crude Oil Ethane Propane

0200400600800

Ethane 2010 Ethane 2015 Propane 2010 Propane 2015

US Surpluses 000 bd

Rejected

Net Export

Surplus of light NGLs

Ethane at natural gas value

New Ethylene

Ethane Exports

Deep sea Pipeline

Rejection

Lower crude prices

Propane Export amp PDH

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 79: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 79Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

Brazil

India

UKNorway

Canada Sweden

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 80: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 80Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

US Ethane Balances under unchanged Supply

Deep Sea exports

Export by Pipeline

To Ethylene

2015 Production

Rejection

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 81: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 81

EU(112)

ME

350AF

41

Balances Surplus Deficit

35

53

51 75

88

80

35

60

22to Japan

195

NAM

to rest of SAP

39

27to China

LAM

(65)

Rest of SAP ampIndonesia

(108)

64

53

FUSSR

JAPAN

(114)

SKOREA(38)

INDIA

(80)

Global LPG Key Trade Flows (2015)

Volumes in Million tonnes

CHINA

(106)

US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing

The US is by now the largest country exporter of Propane in the World It was a net importer of LPG just a few years ago

Fuel related demand is not increasing and demand for Petrochemicals is not keeping pace with supply

Exports are now flowing to Asia

The Middle East remains the largest region in terms of exports

Ample avails in international markets have promoted Asian PDH developments

China imports are now exceeding those of Japan

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 82: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 82

Naphtha is expected to remain comfortably available in the future

Global Naphtha Demand

To Gasoline To Petchems

Global Naphtha Sourcing

Ex Refineries Ex Ngls

(60)

(45)

(30)

(15)

0

15

30

45

60

(80)

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

in m

illio

n to

nnes

in m

illio

n to

nnes

Naphtha SupplyDemand Balances

North America South amp Central America Europe Former USSR

Africa Middle East Northeast Asia South amp Southeast Asia

Global Balance (right scale) Gasoline + Naphtha Balance

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 83: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 83wwwiciscom 83

Agenda

The New Demand Scenario Energy amp Oil

Oil in Petrochemical Feedstocks NGLs amp Naphtha

What about Refining

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 84: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 84

Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip

30

2227

00

07

14

21

28

35

Expected RefiningCapacity

Revised RefiningCapacity

Net Demand

Global net Preliminary Changes 2014-2016

-08 +05

Delays technical problems and repositioning have slowed refining capacity expansions

Lower crude oil prices benefitted demand particularly for gasoline

It seems paving the way for improved refinery utilizations and margins

Excludes Impact from bio fuels NGLs and refinery gains

Million Barrelsday

Source ICIS Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 85: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 85

4

9

14

19

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

ldquoProxyrdquo Refinery Margins (Gross Product Worth $bbl)

321 (LLS) 321 (WTI) Rotterdam Complex (Brent) Singapore Complex (Dubai)

A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015

Demand has supported margins until Q3 2015 but these are fadingEven without accounting for

energy cost advantages US competitive positioning is resilient As Brent-WTI spread

declines interest for heavier grades increasesHigher Middle Eastern Oil

output increases Brent-Dubai differentials benefitting Singapore (and Middle Eastern) margins

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 86: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 86

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Mogas-LLS GO-LLS Mogas-Brent GO-Brent

0

8

16

24

Sep 2013 Jan 2014 May 2014 Sep 2014 Jan 2015 May 2015 Sep 2015 Jan 2016

Gasoline versus Gas Oil ldquoCracksrdquo ($bbl)

Mogas-Dubai GO-Dubai

As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Asia

NWEU amp USGC

Gasoil Cracks have dropped below those of GasolineGasoline Cracks

remain the driver but the weakness in Middle Distillates affects margins

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 87: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 87

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacity

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 88: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 88

-01

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

North America Europe Middle East Rest of World

Global net Changes in Conversion Capacity 2014-2016

FCC Hydro-Cr Coking

Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10

China

Non OECD

OECD

Selected 2015 Demand Changes( per annum)

Gasoline GasoilDs

Million bd

The largest Gasoline exporter (EU) and the largest Gasoline market (US) are rationalizing FCC capacityNon OECD Diesel demand is affected by a slow down in industrialization growth particularly in ChinaLower oil prices stimulate private car usage globally supporting gasolineBut this will not lasthellip Gasoline demand growth will ease in the US and continue to fall in Europe efficiency

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 89: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 89

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap

AMERICAS

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 90: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 90

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

EUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 91: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 91

Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels

Million tons

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2015 2020

Other

FCC

Reformate

Light Nap0

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 20200

200

400

600

800

2010 2015 2020

0

50

100

150

2010 2015 2020

To BTX

To Mogas

ASIAEUROPEAMERICAS

0

20

40

60

80

2010 2015 20200

50

100

150

200

2010 2015 2020

Gasoline Pools

Reformate Use

Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

Asian reformate is widely dedicated to Aromatics the need of higher volumes and octane in gasoline is creating competition

Asia has invested in condensate splitters to ensure heavy naphtha feedstock to reformers for PX

The strength in gasoline and weakness in middle distillates is affecting condensate splitters not integrated with refinery operations andor steam crackers light naphtha and middle distillates are not optimised

Will aromatics feedstocks and gasoline components start flowing from US and Europe to Asia

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 92: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 92Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 93: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 93Source ICIS Consulting Supply and Demand Database

0100200300400500600

Total US Valero KinderMorgan

Magellan Buckeye

New US Refining Capacity 2014-2020 (lt50 mbd)

0750

15002250300037504500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Global Condensate Splitters Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPEFORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EASTNORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

Condensate Splitters

Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock

Asia is not the only placehellipMajor additions in Middle East

targeting large gasoline output (Iran)US is also adding (shale) Some

of the original condensate splitter projects where repositioned as ldquoStabilizersrdquo after Crude Exports Allowances but about 200 mbdare already on lineCondensate splitters based on

merchant supply will need to ensure volumes and quality (max heavy naphtha min mid distillates)More light naphtha in

international markets Good for naphtha crackers

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 94: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 94

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each year0

20212014 2016

+78

+22

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 95: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 95

Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability

-5000

50010001500200025003000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Additions to Global Refining Capacity

NORTH AMERICA SOUTH amp CENTRAL AMERICA EUROPE

FORMER USSR AFRICA MIDDLE EAST

NORTH EAST ASIA ASIA AND PACIFIC

020212014 2016

+78

+22

11 million bd annually 15 million bd annually

Incremental by Region (lsquo000 bd)

Cumulative Total (million bd)

Data source ICIS Consulting Supply amp Demand Database

Even cancelling 50 of Asian projects in 2017-2018 global additions would approach 15 Million bd in each yearDelays rather than

cancellations are expected in the Middle EastUnless incremental closures

are implemented recent margins unlikely to be maintainedOnce gasoline export

opportunities fade European runs and capacity are at riskOption for naphtha diversion

from gasoline pool should remain

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 96: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 96

Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years

Efficiencies needs are accelerated in the ldquoNew Demand Scenariordquo Demand for oil will increasingly be for petrochemicals the material of choice for improving quality of lifeAs more oil and gas will be required more NGLs will be available A lower oil scenario

may will still leave US with wide light NGLs availability and LPG exports whilst ethane balances could get tighterDespite some recent tightness in gasoline fuel efficiencies and rapidly growing refining

capacity will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in international markets

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 97: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

Final Wrap-up

ICIS APIC Booklet Dividerindd 4 11516 307 pm

ICIS APIC PPT_V3_LAY3indd 87 51316 322 PM

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 98: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 98

Final Wrap-up

The economic Supercycle is over One reason for the end of the Supercycle is the retirement of the Babyboomers Another reason is Chinarsquos economic reforms These reforms have major implications for the countryrsquos petrochemicals supply and demand patterns The petrochemicals industry thus needs a new global business approach aligned with the real needs of changing social political and economic drivers These challenges are opportunities for the petrochemicals industry given its ability to efficiently deliver the products needed to improve our lives in the futureNon-traditional routes to olefins production have gained importance and shale

developments have provided surplus ethane This has an impact on polymer trade and on relative economics but naphtha cracking will still be needed A lower crude oil scenario has moved naphtha cracking economics into more positive territoryThe aromatics industry is confronted with uncertain supply trends recent gasoline

strength and a high dependency on China The need for heavy naphtha feedstock for incremental PX demand has promoted numerous dedicated condensate splitter projects Integration with fuels refineries and steam crackers will enhance viability

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 99: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

wwwiciscom 99

The new demand scenario will require a shift in the energy mix towards a lower carbon intensity and growing efficiencies Gas will be a key enabler whilst oil use as a raw material for petrochemicals will steadily increase Low oil prices are further promoting refining and petrochemical integration Peak Oil Demand will take some time to reach Incremental volumes of oil and gas will be produced and more NGLs will be availableA prolonged scenario of low oil prices may affect shale developments This could

gradually reduce the current surplus of US ethane Relative competitiveness for domestic ethylene may be reduced but remains in place The LPG surplus will remain for a prolonged period of time enabling its role as an alternative feedstock for ethylene production Delayed expansions in refining capacity and low oil prices have resulted in a temporary gasoline tightness This will change in the near future New refining capacity and growing fuel efficiencies will ensure comfortable naphtha supply in the future

Final Wrap-up

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up
Page 100: APIC 2016 Presentation | 19 May 2025: The … by Data, Driven by Insight Journey with ICIS as we examine the past, present and future of the petrochemical industry 2025: The Petrochemical

OUR PEOPLE

OPERATE AS EXTENSION OF CLIENTrsquoS TEAM

SENIOR INDUSTRY EXPERTS NOT lsquoGENERICrsquo CONSULTANTS

20 YEARS INDUSTRY EXPERTISE ON AVERAGE

Tailored consultancy services to support your business goals

BUDGETING AND FORECASTINGWe can support you throughout the budgeting process from historical analysis to long-term forecasting helping your organisation remain competitive effi cient and profi table

STRATEGIC PLANNINGWhether you are benchmarking performance adopting new delivery models or planning a specifi c project ICIS Consulting can provide the strategic direction to strengthen your business case

MARKET ADVISORYOur consultantrsquos industry knowledge coupled with our wealth of market data makes ICIS Consulting uniquely placed to offer crucial insight into the markets that matter most to your organization

COST AND VALUE MODELLINGValuations cost modelling effi ciency evaluation and capital and resource planning When you are making major changes to your current business ICIS Consulting offers the guidance and practical support needed for a smooth transition with minimal risk

20 Y

PREVENTING FUTURE PROBLEMS AS WELL AS SOLVING EXISTING ONES

LETrsquoS TALKContact ICIS Consulting today for a confi dential discussion on how we can help you address your business challenges and support your decision-making

wwwiciscomconsulting

enquiryiciscom

ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2ICIS APIC Booklet Adsindd 2 11516 306 pm11516 306 pm

  • Agenda
  • The supply-driven model no longer works
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Agenda
  • We shall now focus mainly on China Here is why
  • The impact of stimulus on chemicals and polymers
  • The biggest credit bubble in economic history
  • China moves into major potential export positions
  • China becomes the first country or region in the world where propylene consumption exceeds ethylene
  • It wasnrsquot about cost per tonne economics
  • Slide Number 17
  • Opportunities remain strong but for whom
  • Running plants harder would provide much-needed tax revenues
  • Agenda
  • China still operates on Dengrsquos principle ndash only rising living standards will keep the Communist Party in power
  • The importance of Five-Year-Plans
  • Coal You need multiple scenarios
  • Demographics and the Lewis Curve
  • New Silk Road or ldquoOne Belt One Roadrdquo initiative
  • Escaping the ldquomiddle income traprdquo and more basic manufacturing
  • Chinarsquos economic growth Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Growing complexity and uncertainty
  • Agenda
  • The global opportunity Create your own demand
  • Water shortages The challenges and opportunities
  • Plastic shrink wrapping extends the life of a cucumber from 3 to 14 days
  • ldquoBuild it and they will comerdquo just doesnrsquot work anymore
  • In autos you must therefore for example
  • Separating the Winners from the Losers
  • Agenda
  • Olefins supply growth primarily driven by US and Middle East Asia to fuel demand
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Non-traditional routes (CTOMTO and PDH) capacity to grow to 10 of global olefins capacity by 2020
  • Propylene demand outstrips supply (as a co-product from refineries amp crackers) fueling investment in on-purpose propylene production
  • NE Asian PDH and Metathesis units face margins pressure
  • Propylene price tracks closely with propylene cost from PDH
  • CTO and MTO move up the cost curve when oil prices drop
  • Slide Number 47
  • Lower oil prices close window for MTO projects ldquointegratedrdquo back to US methanol
  • CTOMTO olefin additions fill the considerable demand gap
  • US export-oriented projects still make sensehellip
  • Are we to see the investment cycle repeat itself
  • In Summary
  • Agenda
  • Slide Number 54
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Slide Number 57
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Slide Number 60
  • Slide Number 61
  • Slide Number 62
  • Agenda
  • Olefins polyolefins at a glancehellip
  • Benzene and paraxylene at a glancehellip
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • New Demand Trends COP21 Points to Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Demand growth for Oil Gas and Coal to be affected but subject to different drivers
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • Peak Coal Demand is approaching but Peak Oil Demand may take more timehellip
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • A ldquoLower Oilrdquo Price Environment Reinforces Petrochemicalsrsquo Role
  • Agenda
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Shale developments in a lower oil price scenario
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US Ethane Balances may get tighter and prices likely to rise above Natural Gas
  • US LPG will remain long flows to International Markets rapidly increasing
  • Slide Number 82
  • Agenda
  • Recent Refining Capacity Growth seems not enoughhellip
  • A tighter refining capacity supported runs and healthy margins until Q3 2015
  • As refiners increase runs to profit from Gasoline Middle Distillates get longhellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Flexibility for Gasoline is cut new Conversion Capacity is focused on Diesel at the wrong timehellip
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Gasoline Pools vs Reformate use the Asian thirst for PX increases Competition with Fuels
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Condensate Splitters are added throughout the World which merchant Feedstock
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Refinery Projectsrsquo Pipeline likely to exceed demand Easy naphtha availability
  • Summary ConclusionsPetrochemical Feedstocks will be well supplied in the next few years
  • Final Wrap-up
  • Final Wrap-up