APPLICATION OF STATE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM WITH DIgSILENTSacasqui Huaito, Marcos Rogger marcossacasqui@gmail.comElectricity Generating Company Of Arequipa

2

One SHGM: Schewppe-Huber Generalized-M (Generalized Method Schewppe-Huber)2 E.S .: Estimator State (State Estimator)Three WLS: Weighted Least Squares (Weighted Least Squares)

Summary.-The reality of each utility of Peru is different. Some generate electricity, transmit and distribute other. But are all, you affect or Abnormal Data erroneous measurements acquired. That's hits in two important ways: It can be crucial to perform electrical operations or make quick decisions in operation and early detection of errors in meters or their connections to the databases so that information is power production the most accurate possible.It is for this reason that we made the application of state estimation through iterative algorithms implemented in DIgSILENT, as the routine based on the most likely scenarios is executed.For its implementation needs a previous database, about the conditions of initial operation thereof which can be configured by the operator Turn.Unlike Other technology SHGM1 robust algorithm, the algorithm De ES2 (whose programming algorithm uses WLS3) fits Network study, anticipating possible scenarios Falla, and reacting to these under Pre-processing procedures, Checking, observability, Correcting bad data. Furthermore leverages redundant measurements and all those that could be labeled as Pseudomediciones which gives high accuracy. [4]For any case, the advantage of being able to export data appropriate to DIgSILENT is that you can easily increase the reliability of the analysis based on the information added by the control center operators, also using the advantage of standardization of this Software in Peru with which facilitates the comparison of results between companies and Coordinators.Index Terms: ES algorithms, Detection, Abnormal Data, Measurements, Peru, Simulation, Power Systems.

I. INTRODUCTIONIn order to estimate the state of stress and its corresponding angle is required from WLS algorithm that requires a minimum amount of securities to run correctly. [3]

II. STATE ESTIMATOR DIgSILENT:To implement a method for error detection, we Familiar with programming in DIgSILENT ES [4]:

Figure 1: Flowchart of state estimation in DIgSILENT. [4]Source: Author, 2014.

Defining Procedures and Objective Flowchart:

Objective function: Equation (1) .The objective of a state estimator to evaluate injections generator and load tap positions so that the resulting charge flow resulting matches as closely as possible with the fluxes measured in transmission lines and busbar voltages. Mathematically, this can be expressed with a weighted square sum of all deviations between calculated values (calVal) and measured (meaVal) [2], [4]

(1)Formula 1: ES required by minimization.Source: DIgSILENT Manual.

:Vector containing the variables to calculate. [1], [4]:Matrix based on the standard deviation of the measurement instruments Weighting. [1], [4]

Testing results (plausibility test): It is intended to detect and remove all measurements with some apparent error. Power Factory provides the tool that allows us to control our measurements using excess factors to address active power flow, branches Lost, Lost in passive elements, flow in open branches, nominal values on the branches, Sum nodes P, Q[4]. Observability: Generally speaking, a region of the network is called observable, if the system measurements provide sufficient information to estimate the state of that part of the network. The method used is "raking sensitivity matrix" [4] Detection of bad data: The error of each measuring device can be estimated by evaluating the difference between the calculated and measured amount. Extremely distorted measurements (ie, the estimated error is much greater than the standard deviation of the measuring device) are not considered in the subsequent iterations. The process is repeated until there are no bad measurements. We can assign up to eliminate bad measurements. [4] Loop state estimation: To improve results, observability data and bad-detection Objective Function (minimization) must iterate. [4]

III. SETTING E. S. DigSilentVariables to be added to the grid: [4] (External) P-Measurement (StaExtpmea) (Active Power Measurement) (External) Q-Measurement (StaExtqmea) (Measurement of Reactive Power) (External) I-Measurement, current magnitude (StaExtimea) (measurement variable current) (External) V-Measurement, voltage magnitude (StaExtvmea) (Measuring Voltage Magnitude) (External) signalization Breaker Breaker Status (StaExtbrkmea) (State On Off Switch) (External) Tap-Tap Position Measurement Position (StaExttapmea) (Position Tap State)

Any number of measurements may be defined in the cubicle. Setting an external measurement for the execution of the state estimation

The location of the gauges is in strategic cubicles:

Figure 2: Adding external measurements Source: Prepared

Figure 3: Selecting the external measurement Source: Prepared

Figure 4: Completing Information required by Active Power Meter Source: PreparedIV. IMPLEMENTATION OF E. S. FOR ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM Arequipa:

The SCADA systems depending on the amount of measurements that contains, is susceptible to lack of information or incorrect shipping information. Under this provision takes one state estimator perform the corresponding calculation of missing values using for this, mathematical methods that are under consideration elements such [2]:

Network topology: The graphs of networks to allow entry DIgSILENT Impedance for passive and active network elements. Enables the rapid creation of substation bays where you can modify the states of an electrical network switches [1].

Operation Data: Corresponding to the time at which the simulation is carried out, remember that talk of a simulation that is not dynamic. Among these we consider the Demand and Supply of Electrical Diagram load profile generation.

Meters: As the measurements that we can deliver the SCADA be necessary to update the Network using state estimator, to execute the algorithm without errors is advisable to put gauges on the nodes listed, however this is not strict.

Figure 5: Electric Power System Interconnection is modeled as Slack bus. Lines to 138kV Tintaya and Yura as fillers. The numbers indicate which nodes should be placed a strain gauge and power.Source: Author, 2014

V. PERFORMANCE TESTING E. S.

TEST 1: CREATING FLOW BASELOADCoding Operating Scenario: EGA / DAT-14/05 / 01-0700TABLE 1: FLOW DATA BASE LOAD GENERATORS(MW)(MVAR) LOADS(MW)(MVAR)

Charcani 1 GROUP 10.750.16Callali CAYLLOMA39.8610.00

Charcani 1 GROUP 20.740.13LOAD CAYMA YANAHUARA SELVA ALEGRE15.002.50

Charcani 2 GROUP 10.180.05REPRESENTATIVE LOAD ON JESUS0.03-1.78

Charcani 2 GROUP 20.190.03GREEN HILL5.860.50

Charcani 2 GROUP 30.190.03Omate Puquina0.000.00

Charcani 3 GROUP 12.09-1.63INDUS PARK4.051.07

Charcani 3 GROUP 22.26-1.72S.E. Aceros Arequipa2.700.71

Charcani 4 GROUP 10.000.00S.E. Lambramani And Porongoche0.03-1.78

Charcani 4 GROUP 24.091.47S.E. Paucarpata2.700.71

Charcani 4 GROUP 34.031.52S.E. SAINT LOUIS0.03-1.78

Charcani 64.571.60SAN LAZARO 12.690.86

Charcani V GROUP 115.37-1.39SAN LAZARO 22.640.87

Charcani V GROUP 20.000.00SE BACKUS4.051.07

Charcani V GROUP 315.53-0.42SE CHALLAPAMPA4.051.07

STEAM TURBINE chilina 10.000.00CONE IS NORTH2.700.71

STEAM TURBINE chilina 20.000.00PLAZA IS REAL4.051.07

STEAM TURBINE chilina 30.000.00GENERAL SERVICES0.030.01

SULZER GROUP 10.000.00SOCABAYA7.002.00

SULZER GROUP 20.000.00Yura 138KV25.005.00

GROUP Turbogas0.000.00Yura 33KV0.000.00

Flow Encoding baseload: EGA / FC-14/05 / 01-0700TABLE 2: MEASUREMENTS TRAINING BASEMed Point.(MW)(MVAR)Med Point.(MW)(MVAR)

LV T10-16.17-3.20L30615.333.24

CH1G10.75-0.16L30713.78-0.22

CH1G20.74-0.13L30803.78-0.22

CH2G30.18-0.05L30901.04-2.34

CH2G20.19-0.03L30911.04-2.34

CH2G10.19-0.03L3100-0.980.06

CH3G22.091.63L3101-0.96-0.82

CH3G12.261.72L1126HV10.688.33

CH4G10.000.00I30023.012.45

CH4 G24.09-1.47I30033.442.80

CH4G34.03-1.52L3103SECH44.051.41

CH6G4.57-1.60L3103SECHI-6.960.41

CH5G115.371.39L3104SECH44.051.41

CH5G20.000.00L3104SECHI-6.960.41

CH5G315.530.42L3104SECH13.05-1.69

TV10.000.00L30726.260.46

TV20.000.00SLZ-TG HV-0.03-0.01

TV30.000.00LYURA138KV25.193.49

SLZ10.000.00LCALLALI40.628.10

SLZ20.000.00T1 SOCABAYA11.451.33

TG0.000.00T2 SOCABAYA11.451.33

L3103SECH13.05-1.69T-TV3 LV0.000.00

L30605.333.24OK T-TV30.000.00

For purposes of the simulation must consider the flow of charge has the following restrictions: The Slack bar should maintain tension as close as possible to 33KV in SE Converter-S.E. Chilina The higher power generators always retain their power factor at 0.8 or as close.

TEST 2: POLLUTION MEASURES IN GENERATORS

We will want to estimate the values of active power and reactive true for cargo flows produced by generators CH Charcani IV, V Charcani, Whose values are frozen due to a possible error of SCADA, Consider inaccuracy in measurements of lines 2% (by excess).

2.1 TEST:EGA / ES-ACTIVATED-ALL-GENS-A * R / 01-14 / 05 / 01-0700Pollution Measurements in Charcani IV: Measurements of PA = 5MW and PR = 0MVAR off groups. Consider inaccuracy in measurements of lines 2% (by excess).Transformer include considering measurements, to facilitate accurate calculation.EGA / ES-14/05 / 01-0700a

TABLE 3: 2.1 TEST: MEASUREMENTSMed Point.(MW)(MVAR)Med Point.(MW)(MVAR)

LV T10-16.22-3.22L30615.423.26

CH1G10.76-0.16L30713.87-0.20

CH1G20.74-0.13L30803.87-0.20

CH2G30.19-0.05L30901.04-2.38

CH2G20.19-0.02L30911.04-2.38

CH2G10.20-0.02L3100-0.970.03

CH3G22.101.63L3101-0.95-0.86

CH3G12.271.73L1126HV10.678.33

CH4G10.000.00I30022.902.47

CH4 G25.00-1.48I30033.312.82

CH4G33.32-1.54L3103SECH44.141.42

CH6G4.56-1.62L3103SECHI-7.070.43

CH5G115.361.39L3104SECH44.141.42

CH5G20.000.00L3104SECHI-7.070.43

CH5G315.530.41L3104SECH13.08-1.70

TV10.000.00L30726.390.47

TV20.000.00SLZ-TG HV-0.03-0.01

TV30.000.00LYURA138KV25.193.49

SLZ10.000.00LCALLALI40.628.10

SLZ20.000.00T1 SOCABAYA11.451.33

TG0.000.00T2 SOCABAYA11.451.33

L3103SECH13.08-1.70T-TV3 LV0.000.00

L30605.423.26OK T-TV30.000.00

2.2 TEST:EGA / ES-ACTIVATED-ALL-GENS-A * R / 02-14 / 05 / 01-0700Pollution Measurements in Charcani IV: Measurements of PA = 5MW and PR = 0MVAR, Charcani V Operation Data PA = 0MW and PR = 0MVAR off groups. Consider inaccuracy in measurements of lines 2% (by excess).Transformer include considering measurements, to facilitate accurate calculation.EGA / ES-14/05 / 01-0700b

TABLE 3: 2.2 TEST: MEASUREMENTSMed Point.(MW)(MVAR)Med Point.(MW)(MVAR)

LV T10-16.22-3.22L30615.423.26

CH1G10.76-0.16L30713.87-0.20

CH1G20.74-0.13L30803.87-0.20

CH2G30.19-0.05L30901.04-2.38

CH2G20.19-0.02L30911.04-2.38

CH2G10.20-0.02L3100-0.970.03

CH3G22.101.63L3101-0.95-0.86

CH3G12.271.73L1126HV10.678.33

CH4G10.000.00I30022.902.47

CH4 G25.00-1.48I30033.312.82

CH4G33.32-1.54L3103SECH44.141.42

CH6G4.56-1.62L3103SECHI-7.070.43

CH5G115.361.39L3104SECH44.141.42

CH5G20.000.00L3104SECHI-7.070.43

CH5G315.530.41L3104SECH13.08-1.70

TV10.000.00L30726.390.47

TV20.000.00SLZ-TG HV-0.03-0.01

TV30.000.00LYURA138KV25.193.49

SLZ10.000.00LCALLALI40.628.10

SLZ20.000.00T1 SOCABAYA11.451.33

TG0.000.00T2 SOCABAYA11.451.33

L3103SECH13.08-1.70T-TV3 LV0.000.00

L30605.423.26OK T-TV30.000.00

2.3 TEST:EGA / ES-ACTIVATED-ALL-GENS-A * R / 03-14 / 05 / 01-0700Pollution Measurements in Charcani IV: Measurements of PA = 5MW and PR = 0MVAR, Charcani V Operation Data PA = 0MW and PR = 0MVAR off groups. Charcani VI Operation Data PA = 0MW and PR = 0MVAR to the group's departure.Consider inaccuracy in measurements of lines 2% (by excess).Transformer include considering measurements and adjacent branches, to facilitate accurate calculation.Consider the current measurement Income Converter SE = 0.08kAEGA / ES-14/05 / 01-0700c

TABLE 3: 2.3 TEST: MEASUREMENTSMed Point.(MW)(MVAR)Med Point.(MW)(MVAR)

LV T10-16.22-3.23L30615.452.75

CH1G10.76-0.16L30714.18-0.23

CH1G20.74-0.13L30804.18-0.23

CH2G30.19-0.05L30901.07-2.38

CH2G20.19-0.02L30911.07-2.38

CH2G10.20-0.02L3100-1.18-0.36

CH3G22.101.63L3101-1.16-1.25

CH3G12.271.73L1126HV10.8810.18

CH4G10.000.00I30022.902.47

CH4 G23.31-1.48I30033.322.83

CH4G35.00-1.53L3103SECH44.141.42

CH6G3.992.00L3103SECHI-7.070.44

CH5G115.371.39L3104SECH44.141.42

CH5G20.000.00L3104SECHI-7.070.44

CH5G315.530.42L3104SECH13.07-1.70

TV10.000.00L30726.390.47

TV20.000.00SLZ-TG HV-0.03-0.01

TV30.000.00LYURA138KV25.193.50

SLZ10.000.00LCALLALI40.628.11

SLZ20.000.00T1 SOCABAYA11.451.33

TG0.000.00T2 SOCABAYA11.451.33

L3103SECH13.07-1.70T-TV3 LV0.000.00

L30605.452.75OK T-TV30.000.00

COMPARISON CHARTS: TESTING

For testing we have the following comparative graph, where the approximation of the 3 sets of results is appreciated but are subject to different shocks.

For Active powers:

Figure 6: Active Power measurements at the points provided.Source: Author, 2014

For Reactive power:

Figure 7: Reactive Power measurements at the points provided.Source: Author, 2014

Figure 8: Reactive Power measurements at the points provided.Source: Author, 2014

Errors to the flow Base load EGA / FC-14/05 / 01-0700

TABLE 3: 2.3 TEST: ERROR PERCENTAGE OF MEASUREMENTSTEST 3 (MW)TEST 2 (MW)PAPER 1 (MW)TEST 3 (MVAR)TEST 2 (MVAR)PAPER 1 (MVAR)

Med Point.Error (%)Error (%)Error (%)Error (%)Error (%)Error (%)

LV T10-10.810.810.81-0.94-0.63-0.63

CH1G11.331.331.33000

CH1G2000000

CH2G35.565.565.56000

CH2G2000-33.33-33.33-33.33

CH2G15.265.265.26-33.33-33.33-33.33

CH3G20.480.480.48000

CH3G10.440.440.440.580.580.58

CH4G1000000

CH4 G219.0722.2522.25-0.68-0.68-0.68

CH4G324.0717.6217.62-0.66-1.32-1.32

CH6G12.690.220.22-225-1.25-1.25

CH5G100.070.07000

CH5G2000000

CH5G300002.382.38

TV1000000

TV2000000

TV3000000

SLZ1000000

SLZ2000000

TG000000

L3103SECH10.660.980.98-0.59-0.59-0.59

L30602.251.691.6915.120.620.62

L30612.251.691.6915.120.620.62

L307110.582.382.38-4.55-9.09-9.09

L308010.582.382.38-4.55-9.09-9.09

L30902.8800-1.71-1.71-1.71

L30912.8800-1.71-1.71-1.71

L3100-20.41-1.02-1.027005050

L3101-20.83-1.04-1.04-52.44-4.88-4.88

L1126HV1.870.090.0922.2100

I30023.653.653.650.820.820.82

I30033.493.783.781.070.710.71

L3103SECH42.222.222.220.710.710.71

L3103SECHI-1.58-1.58-1.587.324.884.88

L3104SECH42.222.222.220.710.710.71

L3104SECHI-1.58-1.58-1.587.324.884.88

L3104SECH10.660.980.98-0.59-0.59-0.59

L30722.082.082.082.172.172.17

SLZ-TG HV000000

LYURA138KV0000.2900

LCALLALI0000.1200

T1 SOCABAYA000000

T2 SOCABAYA000000

T-TV3 LV000000

OK T-TV3000000

VI. CONCLUSIONS:

The state estimation is a simulation technique quite useful for a control center with regard to granting a truth value measurements afforded by SCADA, this occurs to such an extent that the more we implement and external measurements of different types (Voltage, Current, Power) [3], we can obtain better values calculated also strengthened with the use of redundant measurements particularly common in Radial Electric networks.Check the effectiveness of the simulation regarding a Base Load Flow obtaining an average of 2.08% Error Considering different disturbances.

RECOGNITION:Author thanks to the company's power generation Arequipa SA by the support provided information and software.

APPENDIXData networks required for simulation, data are approximate and standards at the end of the document.

REFERENCES:

[1]STEVENSON, WILLIAM D. (1996) "Analysis of Power SystemsPower ". Ediciones del Castillo. P .: 611, 612.624[2]KOTHARI And Nagrath (2008) "Electric Power Systems" P: 546-550[3]ZARCO Perin, PEDRO JAVIER GOMEZ AND EXPSITO, ANTONIO"Estimation of state and parameters in electrical networks" P .: 150[4]POWER FACTORY MANUAL VERSION 14.0 DigSilent Chap. State Estimation.

Authors:

SACASQUI HUAITO, Marcos Rogger: Born in the city of Arequipa, 1989 Bachelor's Degree from the Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa has experience in projects Transmission Lines Medium and High Voltage, played related functions Center load control EGASA where he also developed research activities on the development of application software concerning Osinergmin Resolution No. 304-2009-OS / CD.

APPENDIX: Data networks required for simulation, data are approximate and standards.Transmission Lines:Table 1: Data transmission lines Source: PreparedNameLong.InomZ1phiz1R1X1R0X0Icek0phik0

kmkAOhmSDROhmOhmOhmOhmA SDR

L 102120.80.54511.0256773.787353.078410.58727.32159931.63688.4642420.64918264.815638

L 304B0.20.3310.118695854.456710.0690.096580.1380.6110.012993411.45758327.90371

3060 L 8/91.01250.3310.600897654.456710.34931250.48893630.6986253.0931880.065779121.45758327.90371

L 3060 (1) 6.72,0250.3311.20179554.456710.6986250.97787261.397256.1863760.13155821.45758327.90371

L 3060 (2) 3/62,0250.3311.20179554.456710.6986250.97787261.397256.1863760.13155821.45758327.90371

L 3060 (3) 7/132,0250.3311.20179554.456710.6986250.97787261.397256.1863760.13155821.45758327.90371

L 3060 (4) 8.131.01250.3310.600897654.456710.34931250.48893630.6986253.0931880.065779121.45758327.90371

3061 L 5/94.050.3312.4035954.456711.397251.9557452.794512.372750.26311651.45758327.90371

L 3061 (1) 5.42,0250.3311.20179554.456710.6986250.97787261.397256.1863760.13155821.45758327.90371

L 3061 (2) 3/42,0250.3311.20179554.456710.6986250.97787261.397256.1863760.13155821.45758327.90371

3071 L 9/18.170.3314.84872454.456712.818653.9452935.637324.959350.53078061.45758327.90371

3080 L 9/18.170.3314.84872454.456712.818653.9452935.637324.959350.53078061.45758327.90371

3090 L 1/28.370.3314.9674254.456712.887654.0418735.775325.570350.5437741.45758327.90371

3091 L 1/28.370.3314.9674254.456712.887654.0418735.775325.570350.5437741.45758327.90371

3100 L 2/39.770.3315.79829154.456713.370654.7179336.741329.847350.63472791.45758327.90371

3101 L 12/24,8850.3312.89914554.456711.6853252.3589673.3706514.923680.31736391.45758327.90371

L 3101 (1) 3.124,8850.3312.89914554.456711.6853252.3589673.3706514.923680.31736391.45758327.90371

L-112617.670.5459.10725273.428532.597498.728984.947621.575078.5980740.47798136.204218

L-3000 and L-30019.90.6622.93772154.456711.707752.3903553.415515.122251.2863471.45758327.90371

L-3002 CONV CHILI0.160.450.0457162756.187580.025440.0379840.11040.48880.010394723.3449223.13974

L-3003 CONV CHILI0.140.450.0400017456.187580.022260.0332360.09660.42770.009095383.3449223.13974

L-3103/17.50.3314.45109354.456712.58753.621755,17522.91250.48725271.45758327.90371

L-3103/27.50.3314.45109354.456712.58753.621755,17522.91250.48725271.45758327.90371

L-3104/17.50.3314.45109354.456712.58753.621755,17522.91250.48725271.45758327.90371

L-3104/27.50.3314.45109354.456712.58753.621755,17522.91250.48725271.45758327.90371

L102020.80.54511.0256773.787353.078410.58727.32159931.63688.4642420.64918264.815638

L304A0.20.3310.118695854.456710.0690.096580.1380.6110.012993411.45758327.90371

L3072 9/101.250.3310.741848854.456710.431250.6036250.86253.818750.081208791.45758327.90371

L3072 (1) 11.13.170.3311.88132954.456711.093651.5307932.18739.684350.20594551.45758327.90371

L3072 (2) 14/112.50.3311.48369854.456710.86251.207251,7257.63750.16241761.45758327.90371

L3072 (3) 10/141.250.3310.741848854.456710.431250.6036250.86253.818750.081208791.45758327.90371

PROVISIONAL SULZER TG SE chilina180.5459.27733773.428532,6468,8925.0421,9788.7586490.47798136.204218

SANT YUR31.10.55217.0689170.079325.815716.047614.430454.798215.413240.77522277.386999

SANCTUARY Callali89.20.4646.3075179.231198.652445,49233.2716125.682848.226630.6038247-6.298082

AAAC UNCODE char2 CHAR 1 (1)0.20.2860.119279343.165530.0870.08160.12180.38980.002758920.866756740.39228

UNCODE CHAR 3 char1One0.2860.596396743.165530.4350.4080.6091,9490.01379460.866756740.39228

UNCODE CHAR 3 char1 BOne0.2860.596396743.165530.4350.4080.6091,9490.01379460.866756740.39228

GeneratorsTable 2: Nominal data Transformers Electrical Power Source: PreparedName (Type)Pot.Apar.Volt.Nom.Fact.Pot.Connection

MVAkV

CHAR 2 0.335.270.8YN

CHARC 56013.80.8YN

CHARC612.55.30.8YN

Charcani 3Three5.20.8YN

Charcani 1.255.250.8YN

CHARCANI46.255.20.8YN

Transformers:Table 3: Nominal values of transformers Source: PreparedNamePot.Nom.Nominal FrequencyVnom .HVVnom.LVVolt. DCPr.CuRe (Volt. DC converter)Grp.Vec.HVGrp.Vec.LV

MVAHzkVkV%kW%

Autotrans CH1One605.255.2558.110.811YNYN

Charcani 4 SISI66033.65.25Three300.5YND

CHIL_308256033.510.4Three00YND

JESUS256033.510.4Three00YND

SULZER (1)7.76034.910.4Three00YND

FINAL TRAFO11.56032.8255.12001.73913DAnd

Turbogas28603313.8Three00YND

TV312.56033.4810.5Three00YND

TVSS11.56032.85.25Three00AndD

Overall Type606013833Three00YND

General Type 111.260335.15Three2001.785714YNYN

General Type 2576013813.8Three00YND

Pre procesamiento

Comprobacin de los resultados

Analisis de Observabilidad, reparacin de Mediciones

Optimizacin de estado, deteccin de datos malos

Eliminar mediciones errneas

Observable an?

Fin de programa

Adquisicin BD Dig Silent

No Observable

Eliminar malas mediciones

Selleva a cabo la Estimacin de estados

No existen malas mediciones