apologetics debra j. wright. apologetics from the greek word: apologia from the greek word: apologia...
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Apologetics
Debra J. Wright
Apologetics
From the Greek word: Apologia Means to “explain and defend” How to explain and defend your
Catholic Faith in Scriptures
Bible in a NutshellLiterary work:
Genesis – Revelation
Message of SalvationMessiah
Two major CovenantsAbrahamic CovenantDavidic Covenant
Bible DifferencesSeven more books in the Catholic
BibleTobitJudithMaccabbees 1Maccabbees 2WisdomSirachBaruch
Bible Timeline
300 BCAlexand
er the
Great
Christwalked
theEarth
100 ADSevenBooks
removed
400 ADNew
TestamentCompiled
(Alexandrian)
1500’sProtestantReformers(Palestinia
n)
Gospel WritersMatthew: Galilean known as Levi. He wrote in the Hebrew
language – not Old Testament Hebrew, but the Hebrew of his day called Aramaic. His gospel was for the Jews who worshipped Jehovah, God of the Old Testament.
Mark: Wrote the first and oldest gospel. Never an eye-witness to Christ on earth, Mark learned everything orally and omitted nothing from his writings. His work was put down from spoken Aramaic into Greek.
Luke: A physician who named diseases and inflictions, he taught science and medicine. His gospel confirms the witness of handing off oral tradition. Written for the Greeks in perfect Greek form.
John: Focused on the Lord’s life in Judea, addresses the Scribes and Pharisees in Jerusalem. Written toward the end of his life (best guess, around 96 AD) in Greek with the inflection of understanding Palestinian culture and Aramaic language.
Spiritual Development
James Fowler: Seven Stages1. Primal Faith (infancy)2. Intuitive-Projective Faith (early childhood)3. Mythic-Literal Faith (elementary/adolescence)4. Synthetic-Conventional Faith (middle
adolescence)5. Individuative-Reflective Faith (young
adulthood)6. Conjuctive Faith (mid-life or beyond)7. Universalizing Faith (grounded in oneness)
Great Saints: Virgin Mary, St. Augustine, Aquinas
Bible Preparation
Bible Tabs
Map Pencils
GEOGRAPHYMaps are important to understand
the significance of where events happened and the direction of each trip
Bible PLUS Tradition Jn 21:25 Not everything in written
word 1Cor 11:2 Paul handed on traditions 1Pet 1:25 Hold fast to oral traditions Mt 16:13-20 Teach and hand down
The church is the foundation and pillar of truth (1Tim 3:15), not the Bible.
Bible PLUS Tradition2 Thess 2:15
2 Thess 3:6
Acts 8:30-31
Heb 13:7-9
2 Tim 3:16-17
Jn 21:25
1 Cor 11:2
1 Pet 1:25
2 Pet 3:15-16
1 Tim 3:15
Mt 16:13-20
Mt 18:18
Lk 10:16
Mt 28:19-20
Jn 14:16
Faith PLUS Works Rev 2:5 Repent and do good works Jas 2:20-26 Faith without works is
useless Rom 2:5-10 You’re Christian? Show
me! Mt 25:41-46 No works? Hell for you! Gal 5:19-21 Saved people can be lost 1Jn: 2:3-4,24 No works? You’re a liar Rom 8:24 Hold to hope - work for
Christ
Papacy Infallibility: Bind here, bound there Peccability: You will deny me 3 times Prime Minister Position of Old
Testament Greek “Petros” (small stone) Aramaic “Kepha” (large foundation
rock) Jesus spoke ARAMAIC
Purgatory & Sin Rev 21:27 Only perfection enters
heaven Mt 5:25-26 Prison until last penny is
paid 1Cor 3:14-15 Purifying fire/work is
lacking SIN
Guilt vs. PunishmentMortal vs. Venial
“Purgatory” is not found in Scripture… nor is “Trinity” or “Incarnation”
or “Rapture”
Fathers/Celibacy/Confession
Lk 16:24 Christ calls Abraham, “father”
Acts 7:1-2 Stephen calls elders, “fathers”
Mt 19:12 Christ said live celebately/disciples
Lk 18:29-20 Celibacy = heavenly rewards
Jn 20:22-23 Christ started Confession Acts 19:18 Early Christians confessed
Statues
Ex 25:18-20 Angels of gold on ark Num 21:8-9 Bronze serpent on a
pole 1Kings 7:24-25 Statues in God’s
templeStatues and stained glass pictures are to a Catholic Church as family photos to a home. People don’t worship photos of siblings or grandparents, nor do we.
Saints
IP=Intercessory Prayer MB=Mystical Body of Christ H=ALIVE in Heaven S=Sharing in Christ’s Mediation P=Hearing our prayers and
petitions
Saints Rev 5:1-8 They offer our prayers to
God 1Tim 2:1 Faithful are asked to
“intercede” Rom 8:17 We are joint heirs to Christ Rom 12:10 We are one Body, many
parts 2Kings 13:21 Power of sacramentals Acts 9:4 Share in Christ’s mediation
Divinity/Trinity/Holy Spirit
Is 7:14 Emmanuel: “God is with us” Jn 8:58-59 Jesus calls himself “I AM”
Gen 1:26 God is referred to in plural Mt 28:19 Father, Son and Holy Spirit
Jn 14:26 Holy Spirit teaches us Eph 4:30 Holy Spirit is not to be
saddened
Eucharist Jn 6 The Bread of Life chapter Mt 26:26-29 Exact words “This is
My Body This is My Blood” Mk 14:22-25 Again, exact words Jn 6:48-56 Explicit on the real
presence Acts 2:42 Mass celebrated by
Christians Rom 8:5-9 Consume Him as
directed
EucharistSt. Paul summarizes the seriousness of this
sacrifice when he says (1Cor 11:27-29)
“Therefore whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthily will have to answer for the Body and Blood of the Lord.
A person should examine himself, and so eat the bread and drink the cup. For anyone who eats and drinks without
discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself.”
Completing the Eucharist
Discern: literal vs. figurative speech
Luther’s writings on the Real Presence
Eucharistic Miracles movie The blessings of frequent
Reconciliation Proper frame of mind for receiving
Christ Receive Communion with reverence
Mary M=Mother of God (Theotokos) B=Brothers of Christ IC=Immaculate Conception P=Praying the “Hail Mary” A=Assumption of Mary into
Heaven QM=Queen Mother AC=Ark of the Covenant E=The New Eve
Mary Lk 1:43 The Mother of my Lord Gen 3:15 She is the woman whose enmity
with Satan and sin is absolute Ex 25:11-21 She is the ark of the
covenant, to hold the living Word
Mary is one of the most complex topics in Apologetics. In fact, it is common for the
topic of the Blessed Mother to take two to three
classes.
BIBLEBASIC
INSTRUCTIONSBEFORELEAVINGEARTH
Be doers of the Word and not hearers only
~James 1:22