apostrophes
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Apostrophes
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To Show Contraction
When you join two words together, use an apostrophe to show where the letter(s) have been removed
*Contractions should not be used in formal writing.
I have = I’veDoes not = doesn’tHe has/is = He’sIt is/has = It’sCould have = could’veDo not = don’tAre not = aren’t
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Apostrophes to Show Possession
Possession means ownership. We use an APOSTROPHE to show possession.
Bill’s jacket – the jacket belongs to BillSusan’s dress – the dress belongs to SusanThe Smiths’ home – the home belongs the SmithsJason and Deb’s children – The children belong to Jason and DebJayden’s and Sophia’s bikes –Jayden has his own bike and Sophia
has her own bike
The item belongs to whatever comes before the apostrophe.
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The Smiths’ The The Smiths’ home was a dream come
true.
Bill’s dog was his best friend.
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Singular Possessive Nouns
The possessive form of a singular noun is an apostrophe followed by the letter "s.“• Noun + Apostrophe +
S
Hector’s homeworkKyoko’s bookLydia’s instructorLily’s cat
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Becky’s purse—apostrophe shows ownership
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Plural Possessive Nouns
If the noun is made plural by adding –s or –es, put an apostrophe after the -s
The boys’ bikes
The students’ books
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Girls’ pursesLadies’ purses
For nouns made plural by adding an s, add only an apostrophe at the end.
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Plural Possessives
If the noun has an irregular plural form, add the apostrophe and an ‘s
The children’s toysThe women’s restroomThe mice’s tails
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Women’s pursesFor nouns made plural by an irregular form, add an
apostrophe and an –s
The plural
form of woman is women.
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Possession with Compound Nouns
When a sentence indicates joint ownership in a compound construction, the possessive form is attached only to the second noun:
Jason and Deb’s son – the son belong to both Jason and Deb
Michelle and Mark’s dog – the dog belongs to both Mike and Mark
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Possession with Compound Nouns
When a sentence indicates individual ownership in a compound construction, this is indicated by a double possessive
Kyle’s and Jessica’s microscopes
Ken’s and Tom’s suits
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Singular Singular Possessive Plural Plural PossessiveBoy Boy’s Boys Boys’
Mary Mary’s Marys Marys’
Boss Boss’s Bosses Bosses’
Nurse Nurse’s Nurses Nurses’
Sister-in-law Sister-in-law’s Sisters-in-law Sisters-in-law’s
Child Child’s Children Children’s
Editor-in-chief Editor-in-chief’s Editors-in-chief Editors-in-chief’s
Attorney general Attorney general’s Attorney generals Attorney generals’
Woman Woman’s Women Women’s
Teacher Teacher’s Teachers Teachers’
Daughter Daughter’s Daughters Daughters’
Singular, Singular Possessive, Plural, and Plural Possessive Forms