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AVALIAÇÃO BIMESTRAL

Questão 1Nível de dificuldade: Média – Alternativa Correta: E – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H7

Why we're tackling climate change?We know climate change is happening, and we know that it is caused by our actions.The Earth's atmosphere is warming, faster than it probably ever has. In some cases weather patterns, climates and natural environments are changing quicker than wildlife or people can adapt.So many of the world's biggest challenges, from poverty to wildlife extinction, are made more difficult by climate change. And things will get worse if we do nothing. But we can do something about it.We have the knowledge and the technology to reduce our impact on the climate, and ease the pressures on the world's most vulnerable places, people and wildlife. We just need to make it happen.What is climate change?Global warming doesn’t mean we’ll all just have warmer weather in future.As the planet heats, climate patterns change. It’ll mean more extreme and unpredictable weather across the world – many places will be hotter, some wetter, others drier.We know the planet has warmed by an average of nearly 1°C in the past century. That might not sound much, but on a global scale it’s a huge increase and it’s creating big problems for people and wildlife.

Available at <https://www.wwf.org.uk/climate-change-and-global-warming>. Accessed in: April 2017According to the text, judge the items below as correct ( C ) or incorrect ( I )I. The Earth's atmosphere is warming, faster than it probably ever has (climates and

natural environments are changing quicker than wildlife or people can adapt).II. We do not have the knowledge and the technology to reduce our impact on the

climate. III. With global warming, climate patterns also change.IV.Climate change means more extreme and unpredictable weather across the world,

so many places will be hotter, some wetter, others drier.V. Every ten years our planet warms up 1°C and this warming brings little or no

consequence to our planet.The alternative with the correct sequence isa) I, I, C, C, C b) C, I, I, C, I c) I, C, I, C, I d) C, C, I, C, C e) C, I, C, C, I

Inglês | Way to Go | 2º ano| 3º bimestre | Editora Ática

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Questão 2Nível de dificuldade: Média – Alternativa Correta: D – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H6; H7 Read the text to answer the question below.

The greenhouse effect causes the atmosphere to retain heatWhen sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, it can either be reflected back into space or absorbed by Earth. Once absorbed, the planet releases some of the energy back into the atmosphere as heat (also called infrared radiation). Greenhouse gases like water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) absorb energy, slowing or preventing the loss of heat to space. In this way, GHGs act like a blanket, making Earth warmer than it would otherwise be. This process is commonly known as the “greenhouse effect.”The role of the greenhouse effect in the pastOver the last several hundred thousand years, CO2 levels varied in tandem with the glacial cycles. During warm "interglacial" periods, CO2 levels were higher. During cool "glacial" periods, CO2 levels were lower. The heating or cooling of Earth’s surface and oceans can cause changes in the natural sources and sinks of these gases, and thus change greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. These changing concentrations are thought to have acted as a positive feedback, amplifying the temperature changes caused by long-term shifts in Earth’s orbit.The recent role of the greenhouse effectSince the Industrial Revolution began around 1750, human activities have contributed substantially to climate change by adding CO2 and other heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere. These greenhouse gas emissions have increased the greenhouse effect and caused Earth’s surface temperature to rise. The primary human activity affecting the amount and rate of climate change is greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.The main greenhouse gasesThe most important GHGs directly emitted by humans include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and several others.

Available at <https://www.epa.gov/climate-change-science/causes-climate-change>. Accessed in: April 2017Which has contributed to the increase of the greenhouse effect on Earth?a) The deforestation of small areas and the use of household appliances with CFCsb) The melting of a few polar ice caps and the use of deodorants with

chlorofluorocarbonsc) Intensified use of wind and solar energy for industries and homesd) The increase in CO2 emissions in the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuelse) Emission of methane gas into the atmosphere from livestock and fish

Questão 3Nível de dificuldade: Média – Alternativa Correta: E – Habilidade do ENEM: H5

Global warming is urgent and can be addressedCO2 survives in the atmosphere for a long time—up to many centuries—so its heat-trapping effects are compounded over time. Of the many heat-trapping gases, CO2 puts us at the greatest risk of irreversible changes if it continues to accumulate unabated in the atmosphere—as it is likely to do if the global economy remains dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs. To put this in perspective, the carbon we put in the atmosphere today will literally


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determine not only our climate future but that of future generations as well.Substantial scientific evidence indicates that an increase in the global average temperature of more than 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) (or 2 degrees Celsius [°C]) above pre-industrial levels poses severe risks to natural systems and to human health and well-being. The good news is that, because we as humans caused global warming, we can also do something about it. To avoid this level of warming, large emitters such as the United States need to greatly reduce heat-trapping gas emissions by mid century. Delay in taking such action means the prospect of much steeper cuts later if there is any hope of staying below the 3.6°F (2°C) temperature goal. Delayed action is also likely to make it more difficult and costly to not only make these reductions, but also address the climate consequences that occur in the meantime.

Available at <http://www.climatehotmap.org/about/global-warming-causes.html>. Accessed in: April 2017According to the text, it is incorrect to say that CO2:a) is emitted in large part by the burning of fossil fuels and factoriesb) puts us at the greatest risk if it continues to accumulate in the atmospherec) survives in the atmosphere for a long time, up to many centuriese) is responsible for preventing the global warming

Questão 4Nível de dificuldade: Difícil – Alternativa Correta: C – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H6; H7

Global Warming SolutionsWe have the practical solutions at hand to dramatically reduce our carbon emissions, slow the pace of global warming, and pass on a healthier, safer world to future generations. Here's how we can accomplish it.Reduce Emissions As individuals, we can help by taking action to reduce our personal carbon emissions. But to fully address the threat of global warming, we must demand action from our elected leaders to support and implement a comprehensive set of climate solutions.Stop Deforestation Tropical deforestation accounts for about 10 percent of the world’s heat-trapping emissions — equivalent to the annual tailpipe emissions of 600 million average U.S. cars.Reducing tropical deforestation can significantly lower global warming emissions and — together with efforts to reduce emissions from fossil fuels — plays an integral role in a comprehensive long-term solution to global warming.Fight Misinformation This barrage of misinformation misleads and confuses the public about the growing impacts of global warming — and makes it more difficult to implement solutions to effectively reduce the man-made emissions that cause global warming.Prepare for Impacts Certain consequences of global warming are now inevitable, including sea level rise, more frequent and severe heat waves, growing wildfire risks, and an increase in extreme weather events.These were once largely preventable, but foot-dragging by our leaders and policy makers over the past two decades means that we must now confront the dangerous new reality of rising temperatures and the serious impacts that accompany them.

Available at <http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions#.WPkrx0XyvIU>. Accessed in: April 2017


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The solutions presented in the text are designed for what purpose?a) Reduce tropical deforestation and emissions methaneb) Reduce misinformation and deforestation in Brazilc) Reduce carbon emissions and global warmingd) Prepare for impacts and stop reducing carbon emissionse) Fight for quality of life and green houses

Questão 5Nível de dificuldade: Difícil – Alternativa Correta: A – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H6; H7

What can one person, or even one nation, do on their own to slow and reverse climate change?

The ecologist Stephen Pacala and physicist Robert Socolow, both at Princeton University, came up with "wedges" for nations to utilize toward this goal that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions to safer levels.Forego Fossil Fuels—The first challenge is eliminating the burning of coal, oil and, eventually, natural gas. This is perhaps the most daunting challenge as denizens of richer nations literally eat, wear, work, play and even sleep on the products made from such fossilized sunshine. And citizens of developing nations want and arguably deserve the same comforts, which are largely thanks to the energy stored in such fuels.Oil is the lubricant of the global economy, hidden inside such ubiquitous items as plastic and corn, and fundamental to the transportation of both consumers and goods. Coal is the substrate, supplying roughly half of the electricity used in the U.S. and nearly that much worldwide—a percentage that is likely to grow, according to the International Energy Agency. There are no perfect solutions for reducing dependence on fossil fuels (for example, carbon neutral biofuels can drive up the price of food and lead to forest destruction, and while nuclear power does not emit greenhouse gases, it does produce radioactive waste), but every bit counts.So try to employ alternatives when possible—plant-derived plastics, biodiesel, wind power—and to invest in the change, be it by divesting from oil stocks or investing in companies practicing carbon capture and storage.Infrastructure Upgrade—Buildings worldwide contribute around one third of all greenhouse gas emissions (43 percent in the U.S. alone), even though investing in thicker insulation and other cost-effective, temperature-regulating steps can save money in the long run. Electric grids are at capacity or overloaded, but power demands continue to rise. And bad roads can lower the fuel economy of even the most efficient vehicle. Investing in new infrastructure, or radically upgrading existing highways and transmission lines, would help cut greenhouse gas emissions and drive economic growth in developing countries.But energy-efficient buildings and improved cement-making processes (such as using alternative fuels to fire up the kiln) could reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the developed world and prevent them in the developing world.

Available at <https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/10-solutions-for-climate-change/>. Accessed in: April

2017


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What are the measures to adopt the two solutions presented in the text that will reverse climate change?a) plant-derived plastics, use biodiesel, wind power and investing in new infrastructureb) invest in companies practicing carbon capture and build more in the cities centerc) Use of coal and fossil fuels, as well as building large enterprises in rural areasd) Build green houses with the use of solar energy and intensify the use of fossil fuelse) Use more energy from water and coal, as well as solar and wind power

Questão 6Nível de dificuldade: Média – Alternativa Correta: B – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H7

Clear indicators our climate is changing

How do we know our climate is changing permanently, rather than just going through a normal period of flux? Let’s look at 5 major changes scientists have seen in our climate system to help set the record straight.Air temperatures over land are increasingIt’s clear that weather stations on land show average air temperatures are rising, and as a result, the frequency and severity of droughts and heat waves are increasing. Intense droughts can lead to destructive wildfires, failed crops, and low water supplies, many of which are deeply affecting southern areas of the United States and other parts of the world.Air temperatures over oceans are increasingRoughly 70 percent of the world is covered by oceans, so you can understand how hotter air over them could make a vast difference in the climate system.Oceans evaporate more water as the air right near the surface gets warmer. The result: More floods, more hurricanes, and more extreme precipitation events.Arctic sea ice is decreasingSatellite images from space show that the area covered by sea ice in the Arctic is shrinking, and it’s continued a downward trend for the past 30 years. The Arctic ice cap grows each winter when there’s less sunlight, and shrinks each summer when days are longer, reaching its lowest point of the year in September.Some research suggests that the Arctic could lose almost all of its summer ice cover by 2100, but others believe that it could melt completely much sooner than that – in just a few decades.Glaciers are meltingThe disappearance of glaciers is one of the clearest signs of climate change. People who rely on melting glacier water are facing shortages, and in many regions, the situation is only getting worse.In a world unaffected by climate change, glacier mass stays balanced, meaning the ice that evaporates in the summer is fully replaced by snowfall in the winter. However, when more ice melts than is replaced, the glacier loses mass. And the people who depend on melting ice for water to support their farming and living needs are deeply affected.Sea levels are risingSea levels have been rising for the past century. And the pace is only increasing in recent years as glaciers melt faster and water temperatures increase, causing oceans to expand. You can imagine how this would affect the almost 40 percent of the US population that lives in a highly populated coastal area. Let’s not forget that eight of the 10 largest cities in the world are near


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a coast.Consider how many millions of people are at risk as sea levels rise, storms intensify, and more extreme flooding occurs. Additionally, marine life is threatened as salt water intrudes into fresh water aquifers, many of which support human communities and natural ecosystems

Available at <https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/10-indicators-that-show-climate-change>. Accessed in:

April 2017According to the text, judge the items below as correct or incorrect I. Oceans evaporate more water as the air right near the surface gets warmer. The

result: More floods, more hurricanes, and more extreme precipitation events.II. Weather stations on land show average air temperatures are rising, and as a result,

the frequency and severity of droughts and heat waves are increasing.III. Glaciers melt faster and water temperatures increase, causing oceans to expand

and affecting more than 50 percent of US population. IV.The Arctic ice cap grows each winter when there’s more sunlight, and shrinks each

summer when days are shorter, reaching its lowest point of the year in September. V. The disappearance of glaciers is one of the clearest signs of climate change.It is correcta) Only III and V b) Only I, ,II and V c) Only I and IId) Only II, III and IV e) All are correct

Questão 7Nível de dificuldade: Fácil – Alternativa Correta: D – Habilidade do ENEM: H5

Reduce the carbon footprint of your carDrive better – Studies have shown up to 30% of the difference in miles per gallon (MPG) is due to driving habits alone. You could save more than a ton of CO2 per year by:– Accelerating slowly and smoothly– Driving the speed limit– Maintaining a steady speed– Anticipating your stops and startsMaintenance: Keep your car tuned up and running efficiently.More Maintenance: Replace your air, oil and fuel filters according to schedule.Tires: Keep your tires properly inflated (just this can save 400-700 pounds of CO2 per year).Household fuel efficiency: If your household has two cars and one is used mostly for commuting, make the commuting car a real gas sipper if you can’t for both.Make your next vehicle a fuel-efficient one: Check out EPA’s Green Vehicle Guide for info on miles per gallon as well as EPA SmartWay® certified vehicles, meeting rigorous air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions standards.

Available at <https://carbonfund.org/reduce/>. Accessed in: April 2017The text presents some measures for the reduction in the carbon emission. According to the text, it would be incorrect to say:a) Accelerating slowly and smoothly contributes to save more than a ton of CO2 per

yearb) It is possible to save 700 pounds of CO2 per year by keeping your tires properly

inflated


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c) Maintaining a steady speed and driving the speed limit contributes to save CO2d) Anticipating your stops and starts increases the level of carbon dioxide in the

atmospheree) Keep your car tuned up and running efficiently contribute to CO2 reduction

Questão 8Nível de dificuldade: Fácil – Alternativa Correta: B – Habilidade do ENEM: H5

The Term "Bollywood"The term Bollywood was created by combining two names, Bombay (the city now called Mumbai) and Hollywood. Bollywood based in Mumbai (Bombay), is India’s – and the world’s - largest film industry in terms of the number of films produced, and also the number of tickets sold each year. In fact, Bollywood has become so internationally ubiquitous that it now has it’s own entry in the Oxford English Dictionary!An International Sensation!It is not unusual to see Western pop and pure classical dance numbers side by side in a Bollywood film. The international appeal of Bollywood dancing is something that has been in the making for many decades. Originally it was found only in places that had a significant consumption of Indian films. But today it is rising in popularity in the US, Canada and Europe. With the success of films such as the Oscar winning movie “Slumdog Millionaire”, Bollywood films and dance have taken the world by storm & has now come into the global spotlight. Much of this is due to the ever expanding Indian diaspora, but a significant proportion also comes from non-Indians who are fascinated by the exotic, larger than life qualities inherent in it. Be it their lavish sets, production value, or extravagant costumes, stars like Madonna, Shakira & Britney Spears have incorporated the Bollywood style of dance or music into their songs, videos and stage shows.

Available at <http://www.rhythm-india.com/bollywood-dance.html>. Accessed in: April 2017About Bollywood, one of the largest film industries in the world, we can say that:a) The majority of its actors are North Americanb) Includes in its movies Western pop and pure classical dance numbersc) It was found only in places that had not a significant consumption of Indian filmsd) Bollywood, despite having good movies, was not successful in the film industrye) Bollywood was founded in the New York city and Mumbai

Questão 9Nível de dificuldade: Difícil – Alternativa Correta: D – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H6; H7 What are some key differences between Hollywood and Bollywood?Bollywood has far greater variance in quality. The best mainstream stuff is about as good as Hollywood when it comes to serious drama, dark satire, gritty crime and true musicals. The best in other genres --action, sci-fi, superhero, spy, chick flicks -- does not match Hollywood. The worst is far worse in all genres. The only genre where Bollywood might possibly come out ahead is certain kinds of tragedy, where Hollywood's obsession with redemption becomes a weakness. But this is a doubtful case too.


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The one area where Bollywood has a significant edge in my opinion is in the poetic quality of song lyrics. The worst is about the same in both -- maudlin love songs -- but the best Bollywood songs contain poetry of quality that in the West never gets set to music and put in movies. Good poetry is a marginal elite taste in Hollywood, but mainstream in Bollywood. This is one reason even highly westernized Indians like myself who mostly don't watch Hindi movies much anymore still enjoy the music. Sadly, the lyrical quality has gotten steadily worse in the last 30 years. It is either pop dreck, or self-consciously arcane Urdu that uses big words to express small thoughts. Gulzar-era attention to poetry is gone. This is mainly because the middle classes now mostly focus on English, and both supply and demand of literary quality language use is on the decline in Indian languages. So interestingly, good lyrics now often derive from street slang (Aati kya khandala for instance) rather than literary Hindustani, Urdu or Sanskrit.Bollywood movies often fail artistically because they showcase unprocessed national insecurities and identity formation issues. This is particularly evident in movies with a foreign plot element. Hollywood movies often fail artistically because of American complacency, insularity and assumed natural cultural superiority.Bollywood movies have unstable, shifting genres that reflect the varied and unstable subcultures of a modernizing and fragmenting India. Hollywood movies have much clearer genre boundaries that have been stable for decades now.

Available at <https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-key-differences-between-Hollywood-and-Bollywood>.

Accessed in: April 2017

According to the text, judge the items below as correct or incorrectI. The one area where Bollywood has a significant edge is in the poetic quality of song

lyrics.II. It is evident in films made in Bollywood some elements of foreign cultures and in

Hollywood, the feeling of superiority transposed in his films.III. The best Bollywood songs contain poetry of quality that in the West never gets set

to music and put in movies.IV.Good poetry is a marginal elite taste in Hollywood, but mainstream in Bollywood.V. With the preservation of the Hindu, the English language and culture has been

increasingly neglected, despite being of better quality. It is incorrecta) Only I b) Only I, II and III c) Only II, III and IV d) Only V e) All are incorrect

Read the text below to answer the questions 10, 11 and 12Watching Rio, the Movie, in Rio

By Sibel Tinar, Senior Contributing ReporterRIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL – A city of contradictions, extremes, and stunning beauty, Rio de Janeiro is unrivaled as to its potential as filmmaker haven. Rio, the family-friendly, 3D animation that hit the screens around the world last week, on the other hand, tells a lighthearted, uplifting story, while recreating the city on the screen with incredible precision.The dynamic between the main characters Blu and Jewel drives the story, while Rio de Janeiro's stunning views act as a backdrop, image courtesy of Twentieth Century Fox Animation.


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Rio tells the story of Blu, a rare, blue macaw from small-town Minnesota, who discovers that a female blue macaw called Jewel has been living in Rio de Janeiro. Blu and Jewel are as different as they can be, and the film keeps its focus on the odd coupling of the domesticated cage bird from small-town USA who cannot even fly, and the free-spirited, fearless, Carioca Jewel.Story and characters aside, Rio is a visual and musical love poem to the Cidade Maravilhosa. It explores almost every landmark of the city, making the most of the capabilities of computer generated imagery and 3D technologies. The natural beauty mixed with the well-known cultural symbols of the city create such a stunning spectacle on the screen that it delights even the long-time, jaded residents of the city.The director Carlos Saldanha, a Carioca living in the U.S., has expressed that his objective was to show the Brazilian culture and lifestyle from the eyes of an American, and he passes with flying colors. Considering that the film is a kid-friendly, feel-good movie, the positive depiction of the city is not only expected, but also welcome for anyone who is familiar with Rio. Excluding the evil characters, and the tourist-robbing monkeys, Rio succeeds in creating paradise on screen, while staying true to the reality of the city.Rio also attempts and succeeds in tackling some light social commentary, via pitting the small-town American and Carioca cultures against each other. The relative monotony and isolation of suburban American life clashes with the laid-back and touchy-feely Carioca lifestyle, as living in Rio means constant contact with the most extreme realities.

Available at <http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-entertainment/rio-the-movie-in-rio/>. Accesse in: April, 2017

Questão 10Nível de dificuldade: Média – Habilidade do ENEM: H5;H7 According to the text, what did Carlos Saldanha want to express with the movie Rio?

The director Carlos Saldanha, a Carioca living in the U.S., has expressed that his objective was

to show the Brazilian culture and lifestyle from the eyes of an American, and he passes with

flying colors.


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Questão 11Nível de dificuldade: Média – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H6; H7 –

What are the characters focused on the movie and what sets them apart?

Rio tells the story of Blu, a rare, blue macaw from small-town Minnesota, who discovers that a

female blue macaw called Jewel has been living in Rio de Janeiro. Blu and Jewel are as different

as they can be, and the film keeps its focus on the odd coupling of the domesticated cage bird

from small-town USA who cannot even fly, and the free-spirited, fearless, Carioca Jewel.

Questão 12Nível de dificuldade: Média – Habilidade do ENEM: H5; H7 Besides the natural beauties of Rio, what other details did the author want to represent?

The relative monotony and isolation of suburban American life clashes with the laid-back and

touchy-feely Carioca lifestyle, as living in Rio means constant contact with the most extreme

realities. And this extreme reality was represented in the film as something still characteristic

in this city.


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