appendix 11.17: bat surveys - planning inspectorate · 2016-04-28 · a daytime visit was made to...

MYG Appendix 11.17: Bat Surveys

Mynydd y Gwynt Wind Farm: Environmental Statement July 2014

APPENDIX 11.17:

BAT SURVEYS

_________________________________________________________________

Wildwood Ecology is the new name for Wildwood Consulting

Richard Crompton, BSc, MIEEM, CEnv. (Proprietor)

65 Bryncastell, Bow Street, Aberystwyth, SY24 5DF

Tel / Fax 01970 822188 E-mail: [email protected]

Report: Baseline bat activity survey, Sweet Lamb, Powys

Site location: Sweet Lamb proposed windfarm, Powys

Grid Ref: SN 820 850

Client: Chris Forster-Brown, ADAS

Dates of Surveys: June 2005 – September 2005

Report date: 10th March 2006

Report No. 06054

Introduction The Sweet Lamb site has been proposed as a future wind farm development. The site could potentially comprise 27 turbines, largely distributed over the Y Foel ridge to the east of the application area.

This upland site is immediately southwest of Hafren Forest, a large, Forestry Commission owned plantation woodland. Plynlimon (Pumlumon Fawr) SSSI covers an area immediately to the northwest of the site, with a part of the SSSI within the application area boundary. The Dyffryn Gwy, the source of the River Wye and part of the Wye Valley SSSI, runs northwest to southeast through the centre of the application area. The A44 trunk road from Aberystwyth to Llangurig runs along the southern boundary of the site.

The site features large areas of upland grazing, blanket bog and upland heath. There are a large number of former mine workings on the site, including shafts, adits, levels and quarries, however many of these are no longer extant.

As part of the ecological assessment for the site, a baseline survey of bat activity was carried out from June to September 2005 to give an indication of areas of bat activity and outline the possible impacts of operational turbines on bat activity within the site. A daytime visit was made to these mine sites to assess the potential of each mining feature to be used by bats.

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Description of work undertaken A daytime survey of various disused mining structures within the application boundary was undertaken in June to assess the potential of these structures to accommodate bats and to identify the focus of more detailed survey effort. The daytime survey was also used to identify particular areas within the site that were most likely to support bat activity and that should form the focus of evening field surveys.

Remote monitoring of one mine adit was undertaken in August to survey for potential swarming activity. An ANABAT logging bat detector system was used, placed within the mine adit and pointing towards an adjoining shaft entrance. The ANABAT system was timed to respond to high frequency triggers from 30 minutes before sunset to 30 minutes after sunrise, and was operational for a period of 10 evenings. The data was later analysed using ANALOOK software.

Evening surveys were conducted in order to monitor bat activity and to identify bat foraging habitats and possible commuting routes through the application area. Due to the large scale of the application area, it was decided that the evening surveys should follow a simplified ‘car survey’ methodology (originally devised by The Mammals Trust UK and The Bat Conservation Trust). The methodology involves driving along tracks/roads at a steady speed (<15mph), starting shortly after sunset whilst using a broadband bat detector to monitor bat activity. Transects lasted approximately 2 hours. During periodic stops to observe for any more distant bats both frequency division (Duet) and time expansion (Tranquillity) bat detectors were used to ensure full coverage of all the frequencies used by resident UK bat species. Note was made of any other contacts (visual) made with bats between sample points. A high-powered lamp was used periodically to scan the horizon and woodland edges to observe activity too far away to pick-up with bat detectors. The two driven surveys were undertaken in June and July 2006.

Survey limitations Due to the large size of the application area, surveys were limited to driven transects along existing roads and tracks, rather than ‘on foot’ surveys, in order to get maximum coverage of bat activity over the site in the time available. The driven surveys were intended to give an idea of the preferred foraging habitats used by bats and those features used as commuting routes across the site. Those habitats and features that were not close to either tracks or transects routes could not be surveyed in the time available. The evening driven surveys were limited to some extent by the accessibility of some of the tracks, particularly those further away from the main access track onto the site (from the A44) which tended to be more deeply rutted or flooded in places.

Findings The daytime survey of mining structures revealed only four to be extant: the remainder had been in-filled or built over with tracks and turning/service areas. There were three shafts and one adit that were still open. The shafts (Figs. 1, 5 & 6) could not be accessed as they had been fenced off but it was possible to examine the adit (Fig. 2) in more detail.

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The adit extended approximately 6 metres before intersecting one of the open shafts (Fig. 3). The adit continued beyond this shaft but could not safely be accessed (Fig. 4). The potential of this adit to accommodate bats was thought to be high and the adit was monitored remotely using an ANABAT data logging frequency division bat detector between August 27th and September 5th 2005 (10 days). The ANABAT data logger recorded bat contacts on every evening. Contacts were made with Daubenton’s Myotis daubentonii, Common Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Soprano Pipistrelle P. pygmaeus bats. There were numerous unidentified calls over a range of frequencies that were too short in duration to identify them to species. Many of the contacts, particularly the Pipistrelle bats, were short (i.e. less than 2 seconds duration). However, the longest contacts (up to 14 seconds) were with the Daubenton’s bats and occurred around midnight, several hours after sunset, suggesting swarming or other social behaviour. The daytime survey was also used to assess various site features for their potential as foraging habitats, or as commuting routes. The features with the highest potential to be used by bats were those areas providing shelter and sources of food (insect prey) i.e. areas of woodland, waterbodies and water courses on the site. Specifically, the woodland edge of Hafren Forest, the small lakes/reservoirs towards the northern end of the site, the rivers and streams and the small areas of woodland throughout the site formed the focus of the evening driven surveys. The driven surveys were conducted during June and July when bats are at their most active. The survey conditions for both surveys were ideal: the air was humid and warm with a slight breeze. The temperature ranged from 13 to 15°C. The survey routes covered the accessible tracks to the north of the site (those closest to the edge of the SSSI and the woodland edge of Hafren Forest), the track running along the ridge over Y Foel and the two tracks running from the A44 northwards either side of the Dyffryn Gwy (Wye Valley – source of the Afon Wye) and Y Drum. In the northern section of the site, moderate bat activity was noted over the small lakes on Nant y Gwrdy (SN83160 85249), over the small reservoir/pond on the Afon Bidno (SN83935 85693) and along the edge of Hafren Forest. Species noted were Common and Soprano Pipistrelles (foraging/commuting behaviour). There was limited activity along the smaller water courses and no bat activity was noted over the more exposed grassland areas. In the southern section of the site either side of the Dyffryn Gwy, limited bat activity was noted mainly around the small areas of woodland alongside the tracks with a few contacts close to the streams running down from Y Foel. Species noted were Common and Soprano Pipistrelles (largely foraging behaviour) and a small number of Myotis bats close to the woodland areas and the Dyffryn Gwy (contacts were too short to identify to species). There was no activity along other parts of the southern transect.

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Discussion Much of the Sweet Lamb site is far from being an ideal habitat for bats, with few sheltered habitats available. This lack of shelter limits the abundance of the insect prey. This has the effect of making the bats’ foraging attempts difficult and less productive than in more sheltered areas or areas with a greater insect abundance (i.e. woodlands and water bodies). The high level of activity of Daubenton’s bats around the shaft entrance above the adit (Figs. 1 to 4) during late August and early September suggests ‘autumnal swarming’ behaviour. Swarming of bats at this time of year is thought to be a mating event, with bats travelling large distances to reach important swarming sites (Parsons et al, 2003†). The influx of bats from several different and distant locations is thought to be important in maintaining genetic diversity in bat populations (Green, 2003‡). From the data collected from the driven surveys, it is likely that the Daubenton’s bats travelling to and from this swarming site used the relative shelter of the Dyffryn Gwy as a commuting route, rather than trying to negotiate a route over the more exposed and featureless upland grassland. The importance of this particular swarming site to other species of bat is unknown although two species of Pipistrelle were also recorded at this site. Bat surveys carried out by Wildwood Ecology in 2004 at the Cefn Croes Windfarm approximately 5km from Sweet Lamb at a site of similar altitude found that weather conditions, especially wind and rain, frequently made this location unsuitable for flying bats. That survey concluded that high altitude locations are less likely to be visited by bats except for peak insect emergence and to utilise underground caves and mines for autumn swarming. Conclusion The driven surveys showed that bats forage close to small areas of woodland, lakes, ponds and reservoirs on the site. The bat activity encountered was moderate at best, even when survey conditions were ideal. The exposed grassland areas of the site appeared to be largely unsuitable foraging habitats for bats with no contacts noted. In summary, the bats appear to be commuting across the site by using the rivers and streams that run from the uplands down the Wye Valley, and foraging over water bodies and small woodland areas along the way. Providing that there is no disruption to the water courses, water bodies or the areas of woodland dispersed throughout the site, the construction of wind turbines on the uplands above the Dyffryn Gwy should pose little threat to bats.

† PARSONS, K.N., JONES, G., DAVIDSON-WATTS, I. and GREENAWAY, F. (2003) Swarming of bats at underground sites in Britain – implications for conservation. Biological Conservation, 111, 63 –70. ‡ GREEN, N. (2003) Autumn swarming at caves. In: The Bat Conservation Trust National Bat Conference 2003 – speakers abstracts, 29th-31st August 2003, York. London: Bat Conservation Trust, pp. 9-10.

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It is recommended that the adit be monitored further at different times of the year to assess it’s importance as a swarming site, or as a possible hibernacula during winter months. Esther Thomas & Richard Crompton Wildwood Ecology

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Images from Sweet Lamb

Fig. 1. Shaft 1 above adit (SN 82893 85025) Fig. 2. Adit entrance (SN 82890 85032)

Fig. 3. Shaft 1 intersecting adit Fig. 4. Continuation of adit (inaccessible)

Fig. 5. Shaft 2 (SN 82388 84788) Fig. 6. Shaft 3 (SN 82865 84987)

Bat activity survey

at Sweet Lamb proposed windfarm

site,

near Llangurig, Powys

SN8484, SN8584, SN8583, SN8483, SN8383, SN8384, SN8385, SN8285,

SN8386, SN8486, SN8485 By Mr R.G.Thorne and Dr A.K. Thorne MIEEM (Churton Ecology) Commissioned by ADAS November 2010

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CONTENTS Page

Summary 2

1.0 Introduction 3

1.1 Background 3

1.2 Survey objectives 3

2.0 Methodology 3

2.1 Day-time planning of the transects 3

2.2 Activity surveys 4

2.3 Static monitoring of the mine adits 5

3.0 Results 5

3.1 Field surveys 5

3.1.1 Roosting potential 6

3.1.2 Foraging habitats 7

3.1.3 Flight height 9

3.1.4 Flight direction 9

3.1.5 Linear features/flightlines 9

3.1.6 Numbers 10

3.1.7 Timings 10

3.1.8 Weather and temperature 11

3.1.9 Altitude 11

4.0 Discussion 12

4.1 Survey limitations 12

4.2 Evaluation of findings 12

4.3 Possible impacts of proposed works 13

4.3.1 Blade collision 13

4.3.2 Noise Fragmentation 14

4.3.3 Habitat Loss 15

5.0 Recommendations 15

6.0 References 16

Appendix 1: Maps of transects routes and stop locations Appendix 2: Tabulated survey data (brief) Appendix 3: Aerial photograph of all bat locations Appendix 4: Bat species distribution maps and aerial photographs Appendix 5: Tabulated survey data (full) Appendix 6: Tabulated stop location data

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SUMMARY

Sweet Lamb is located on high ground beneath Plynlimon, close to the heads of the

tributaries of the River Wye and River Severn. The site is situated near Llangurig in

Powys and is comprised of moorland and upland pasture with some adjacent conifer

forest. The survey area falls into a number of monads, including SN8386 and

SN8286 in the north and SN8383 and SN8483 in the south.

Low numbers of up to four species of bat were recorded during the surveys. Three of

these use the site for foraging and commuting (Common and Soprano Pipistrelle and

Daubenton’s), whilst a further fourth species (Natterer’s) apparently hibernates

and/or swarms within at least one mine adit just off site.

Bat distribution was largely around the central area of the site and clearly associated

with the main south-west running Wye valley tributaries leading to lower ground and

the nearest potential roosting opportunities. Observations of dawn commuting

appeared to confirm this. No bats were recorded in the south part of the site.

Foraging was associated with damp and diverse habitat often in association with the

shelter provided by forest edge, stream lines and raised ground. Flight heights were

at their highest in association with conifer (at 5m) and dropped from between 4 and

2m when over open moorland. In still conditions a Pipistrelle bat was recorded up to

100m from a linear habitat feature.

The development of the windfarm will result in a minor impact on bats and with

regards to this group of animals it is perhaps one of the best locations to site such a

development.

It may be preferable to re-site a small number of turbines which are currently planned

either along predicted flight-paths or within key foraging territories.

No further surveys will be required.

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

ADAS instructed Rob and Kate Thorne to carry out a number of bat activity surveys

to identify species using the site and their distribution. The site, known as Sweet

Lamb, is situated near Llangurig in Powys on an exposed, high altitude upland site

with adjacent conifer forest. The steep slopes descending from the site form the

tributary valleys of the rivers Wye and Severn.

Preliminary turbine locations were available. These were generally located on higher

ground, with the majority sited at or over 100m from the nearest tree-line or other

raised habitat feature. A good proportion of the access will be via the existing tracks,

and new access will avoid the most ecologically or environmentally diverse or

significant areas.

1.2 Survey objectives

Field surveys were carried out to identify:

• bat species present and their distribution about the site

• flight-lines, flight heights and potential roosting locations

• the type of use; whether social/mating/swarming, foraging, migrating or other

• key areas and key habitat types used by bats (specific to the site)

2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Daytime planning of the transects

The site was divided into three transect walks. Each transect aimed to cover as much

ground as the 2–3 hour recommended survey window would allow (BCT guidelines).

Primarily, transect routes aimed to encompass the proposed turbine locations as well

as key areas or other habitat features likely to be used by bats. In addition, a number

of different habitat types (considered likely to be good and bad) were sampled to

provide some (site) specific information on bat species’ habitat preferences.

Marker points were stored onto GPS where an interesting or otherwise notable

habitat feature was observed (e.g. a stream, forest edge, bend in a track), including

any proposed turbine locations. In post survey analysis, marker points provide a

useful inventory of habitat types and subsequent information on bat habitat

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preference, as well as providing a rough location for bat calls not heard but recorded

in the field.

2.2 Bat activity surveys

Each transect was surveyed at both dusk and dawn, during the spring survey period

(April – June), the summer period (July and August) and the autumn period

(September and October).

Since survey results from the south transect were consistently negative a single

dawn survey was replaced with a dusk survey in order to generate some positive

survey data. This was based on the bias that other surveys in the north produced the

most bats at dusk and to combat the often very cold conditions encountered at dawn.

In total, 18 individual transect surveys were carried out, see appendix 1 for maps of

the routes taken and appendix 6 for a table of location points along each route.

Surveys commenced from between 5 and 15 minutes prior to sunset at dusk and

aimed to terminate at around 15 minutes after sunrise at dawn. Surveys were to last

anywhere between 2-3 hours, with some time allowed for the observation and

logging of bats. Weather conditions, wind speed (Beaufort) and air temperature were

noted at the beginning and end of each survey. Where possible (for the altitude and

early/late seasons) surveys were undertaken in temperatures approaching or

exceeding 10 deg C, when exposure to bats is minimal and insects are thought to be

at their most active.

Transects were walked in tandem, with each surveyor listening for bat calls on a

Batbox Duet frequency division bat detector and one recording with a single Anabat

datalogger. The raised Anabat (at 5ft) was set to record at all times at its maximum

working sensitivity (6.75 - 7). When walking along linear features potentially used by

bats, surveyors were staggered, to ascertain the direction in which bats were moving.

Where bats could be observed (generally around dusk and dawn) flight direction,

height and behaviour were noted.

Transects were walked at a regular steady pace and a time was noted at each

marker location to provide a time/location trail for later analysis. No formal stops were

carried out but some lingering did occur when bats were noted or where an otherwise

fleeting encounter with a limited section of potentially good habitat would occur (e.g.

passing a stream/ride end or a pool). Regular panoramic scans were made to

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observe distant or high flying species. A GPS position was logged for each bat

encountered, including those calls/sightings which were clearly repeat encounters.

All recorded bat calls were analysed off site, although some species or genus level

separation was possible by ear during the survey. Recorded calls were analysed

using Analook software to achieve species level identification, where possible.

As current evidence of blade collisions in UK bat species is limited to that of ‘random

collision’, particular note was made of the correlation between the bat species,

commuting/foraging habitat, weather conditions and flight heights.

2.3 Static monitoring of the mine adits

Two mine adits were monitored using automated Anabats to continuously record bat

species present. Anabats were positioned in such a way as to limit external

recordings of bats commuting or foraging along the nearby stream line. Each survey

aimed to encompass a period of around 5-7 days. A spring survey was undertaken of

adit 1 only, a late summer survey of adit 2 only, and autumn surveys were carried out

on both adits 1 and 2. Autumn and spring surveys aimed to identify swarming and

hibernation activity, and summer surveys aimed to record occasional roosting bats,

such as lone males seeking cooler roosts.

3 RESULTS

3.1 Field surveys

The full extent of the survey results have been tabulated in appendix 5 and include

detailed information on species, distribution, behaviour, associated habitat

descriptions, times and weather conditions.

The marker points alone, with habitat notes, have been set out in appendix 6 and

their positions shown on Garmin Basecamp maps in Appendix 1.

Abbreviated tables showing only bat encounters on the transect routes is set out in

Appendix 2.

A combined bat distribution map (numbered location points rather than species) is

shown on an aerial photograph in appendix 3, the numbered points relate to the

above tables in appendix 2.

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Bat distribution maps (showing numbered locations) and aerial photographs (showing

species) covering individual surveys are shown in Appendix 4.

Where possible each bat encounter has been given a grid reference and should be

suitable for input into GIS mapping. However, in many instances, the grid reference

may also represent i) several bat passes at one location by a single bat and/or ii)

more than one bat of the same species at the same location and/or iii) a central point

of wider activity. Where a single bat was clearly repeat foraging and recordings were

made in transit this has been indicated as a hatched ovoid in the appended maps.

As a result the grid references provided lack some of the additional information

gleaned from the field observations. Foraging and territorial extent is particularly

difficult to capture on GPS in the field.

The following sections aim to highlight any key areas or other relevant issues.

3.1.1 Roosting potential

Mine adits

Two low narrow mine adits, located in Nant Iago at SN82782.85086 (adit 1, 382m)

and SN82715.86198 (adit 2, 435m), were each surveyed for roosting bats. Each adit

contained standing water indicating high potential humidity levels required by

hibernating bats.

Static Anabats, placed flush with each entrance, pointing inwards, recorded only

Common and Soprano Pipistrelle in a spring survey (Adit 1) and a summer survey

(Adit 1 and 2). The highly attenuated calls, and bat species present (Pipistrelle sp.),

were enough to suggest that the bats were using the surrounds rather than the adits

themselves.

During the autumn surveys both species of Pipistrelle were recorded as before

(attenuated) indicating a similar scenario to the previous surveys. In addition, small

numbers of unambiguous and clear Natterer’s calls were recorded at both adits.

These were rare in adit 1 (20.49 and 23.32 on one of the nights) and frequent in adit

2. Recordings from adit 2 on 16/10/10 commenced prior to sunset (6.11p.m.) at

6.08p.m., 6.09p.m., 6.10p.m., and 6.11p.m. At dawn on 17/10/10 (sunrise 7.36a.m)

recordings were made at 5.51a.m., 5.52a.m. and 5.53a.m. These times confirm that

Natterer’s roost within at least one adit (adit 2), although probably both.

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Activity levels appeared to be low and only a few recordings were made in clustered

batches. In such a narrow mine this would indicate singular or small numbers of bats

autumn swarming, or perhaps singular or small numbers of bats in preparation for

hibernation.

Culverts

Several culverts were checked for bat roosting potential but all were found to be

highly unsuitable. All were modern, small and fabricated in plastic or metal piping and

encased in loosely compacted, low diameter hardcore from the track-way e.g. at

SN82811.85081, SN83626.85427, SN83713.85038 and SN83051.85081.

Buildings and other structures

There are a number of agricultural and prefabricated steel buildings peripheral to the

site and within the site boundary. These are largely unsuitable for use by significant

numbers of roosting bats, although small numbers could potentially use suitable

areas. The small number of bats recorded on site would again indicate the absence

of a significant roost within these structures.

The remains of the mine workings consist of a few low dry stone walls. These are

unsuitable for use by roosting bats.

During the night-time surveys no house lights were visible from the site except in the

south transect where the route runs along the west side of the hill and overlooks a

few dwellings in the valley below.

Trees

There are some large areas of coniferous forest that abut onto the east of the site,

part of this being Hafren Forest. There are some additional smaller patches of conifer

forest but no broadleaved woodland was noted on the site or in the surrounding land.

Small numbers of bats could make use of storm damaged conifer particularly for

perching, night roosting or occasional transitional roosting, although the higher

ground is extremely exposed.

3.1.2 Foraging habitats

Of the few bats encountered, most exhibited some form of foraging behaviour.

Commuting was indicated by brief/fast encounters, often in conjunction with a slow

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call repetition rate and constant call regularity. Foraging was noted by the presence

of feeding buzzes or observed dinks and dives etc.

Almost all repetitive foraging activity was noted in association with the shelter

provided by Hafren Forest (conifer plantation), the higher ground in the overall site

and/or the valley sides of the small streams (Nant y Gwrdy and Afon Bidro). The use

of these areas tended to vary in relation to the direction of the wind on that day, and

nights that were still or with north-easterly winds were favoured. These favoured

areas and alternative sites did not appear to be frequented when the wind directions

were different, although parts of the Hafren Forest edge would almost always be

relatively sheltered from the east/north-east by the conifers themselves, and by

higher ground on its other sides. The use of these sites may depend (more or as

much as) on whether the access route is sheltered or not on any particular night.

The most bat activity (Common Pipistrelle) was encountered at the Hafren Forest

edge (where it runs along the east side of the north transect in SN8485), when there

was a north-easterly wind. There was some use of this area on a second survey

(Soprano Pipistrelle) when the wind was from the south-west. In the first survey the

most sheltered access routes were likely to be via the Nant y Gwrdy valley on the

west (and running approximately south-westwards off the hill) or via the Afon Bidro to

the south (running south, then south-eastwards). In the second survey Afon Bidro

would have been more sheltered as would any route up through the forest (off site to

the east).

The three key foraging areas/territories were associated with damper, more diverse

habitat in conjunction with shelter as follows:

i) the forest edge in the north, adjacent to a large tract of apparent Molinia-dominated

vegetation i.e. mire and wet heath.

ii) a small pool at the head of the stream in Afon Bidro surrounded by flush and mire

vegetation.

iii) a pool near the head of the stream in Nant y Gwrdy, surrounded by some young

scattered scrub.

Apart from at these foraging sites, there were only a very few bat encounters and

these were over the large tract of Molinia-dominated vegetation in the north. Similar

vegetation (in abundance and often with associated conifer edge) in the south

appeared to be unused.

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3.1.3 Flight height

The height at which bats were flying could usually only be ascertained when there

was some degree of light.

Flight height was noted on several occasions generally when bats were repeatedly

foraging in sheltered habitat. Brief commuting passes were often missed although

sometimes flight direction could be ascertained. In all, only a few Pipistrelle bats were

observed in flight, although Daubenton’s activity around one pool could be predicted

as low.

Bats foraging along conifer/moorland edge interface and between tree cover were

noted foraging at between 4 – 5m height (e.g around SN840860). This height rarely

exceeded the height of the associated trees (at 5m) and flight heights dropped

slightly as bats moved out over the moorland (at 4m).

On the very few encounters, where bats were observed commuting, commuting with

casual foraging or away from raised features, flight heights were lower e.g. at over

100m from a raised feature (forest edge) over open moorland a Common Pipistrelle

was commuting and foraging at 2-3m height at SN83387.86499

3.1.4 Flight direction

Flight direction can be useful when predicting roost locations or when

observing/predicting habitual commuting routes. Nothing of roost provenance (such

as a continued stream of passing bats) or other notability (such as a Noctule flight

path) was observed and often movement in an area was back and forth.

Of the very few commuting passes, directional movement was only observed twice. A

Common Pipistrelle flew east-west towards Nant y Gwrdy approximately one hour

before sunrise, suggesting a possible return to a roost via the valley in the west.

Another Common Pipistrelle foraging at SN83387.86499, ultimately headed

southwards, at just over an hour before dawn.

3.1.5 Linear features/flight lines

It is likely that the most important linear features used by bats on this site to

commute, at least to foraging ground, will be the pronounced stream lines and/or

their associated vegetative growth (scrub/rush etc). The limited use of the site, in

relation to certain wind directions (see above), suggests that sheltered linear features

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are favoured, such as the valleys of Nant y Gwrdy and Afon Bidro; bats were

recorded at/near the head of both valleys on 3 occasions.

Foraging ground may also be reached via off site features (e.g. other streams in the

forest and forest tracks). On site the conifer edges are likely to be used but surveys

have only highlighted their use for foraging. The use of the valleys on site may be of

relevance when considering the proposed turbine locations.

3.1.6 Numbers

For the purposes of the distribution maps in the appendices, dots and arrows have

only been mapped when recordings were made in different locations. They do not

indicate individual bats, and many of the bats recorded are likely to be repeat

encounters e.g. a single bat recorded making 7 passes at a lingering stop has been

represented by a single dot, although some quantification (single, several, many etc)

of passes has been recorded on the tables in Appendix 2 (abbreviated) and

Appendix 5 (full).

Where multiple numbers of bats were noted, often foraging together, counts have

been included in the end tables. Bats were only once noted foraging in tandem and

the overall impression was that numbers and species diversity were low.

3.1.7 Survey Timings

Surveys were carried out on the following dates during the recommended survey

period:

Spring surveys

North transect: dusk 4/6/10, dawn 25/6/10

Middle transect: dusk 27/5/10, dawn 5/6/10

South transect: dusk 24/6/10, dawn 27/5/10

Summer surveys



South transect: dusk 1/8/10, dawn 1/9/10

Autumn surveys



South transect: dusk 9/9/10, 2nd dusk 6/10/10

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Static Anabats

Adit 1 SN82782.85086: 26/5/10 to 4/6/10 and 14/10/10 – 21/10/10

Adit 2 SN82715.86198: 1/9/10 – 6/9/10 and 14/10/10 to 21/10/10

3.1.8 Weather and temperature

Eighteen surveys were carried out under good weather conditions, representing the

very best of the weather that one would expect to encounter in such an exposed and

elevated location. Low temperatures are clearly a characteristic of this site and their

presence during several surveys should be regarded as representative, and could

explain the relative absence of bats. Whilst windy and wet conditions were avoided,

temperatures were not always ideal, particularly at dawn and during the late and

early season surveys.

Dusk and dawn temperatures ranged from 12.7 deg C maximum to 4 deg C

minimum, the lowest temperatures usually encountered towards the end of some of

the dawn surveys (5/5.7 degrees on 27/5/10 and 25/6/10 to 7.5C on 24/6/10, 1/9/10

and 8/9/10). During a single summer survey the temperature dropped to 4 degrees

by the end of the dusk survey and remained low for the dawn survey. During all the

other surveys the minimum temperature exceeded 8 degrees.

Winds ranged from moderate to still (7 surveys) with directions as follows: north-

westerly (x 2), westerly (x 5), south-westerly (x 1), south (x 1), north-easterly (x 2),

No surveys were undertaken in rainy conditions

Full details of weather, wind and temperature are set out in the survey forms, see

Appendix 5.

Some bat activity was detected on three still surveys, on one survey with a westerly

wind and on one survey with a south-west wind. There was bat activity on both

surveys with a north-easterly wind where bats were detected in the lee of the forest

edge or the hill complex.

3.1.9 Altitude

The survey area largely encompassed the high ground where turbines will be sited.

The transects covered altitudes between 423m and 552m. The small pool at the

head of Afon Bidro was the lowest point in the north transect (458m) and the large

pool near the head of Nant y Gwrdy the lowest point in the middle transect (423m).

12

The lower ground was not surveyed with the exception of two mine adits in the

valleys and a short survey in the car along the River Wye.

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 Survey limitations

Aside from the general limitations of surveying for bats over such large and often

hazardous tracts of land there were very few, if any, limiting factors that affected the

standard of the surveys.

4.2 Evaluation of findings

So far the results indicate that:

• Small numbers of at least three species of bat have been found to use the

site including Common and Soprano Pipistrelle and Daubenton’s bat.

• Small numbers of a fourth species (Natterer’s bat) may hibernate and/or

swarm within two mine adits, peripheral to the site.

• No strong seasonal pattern could be determined, to potentially suggest

migration, although good summer conditions were clearly favoured.

• Bat activity appeared to be limited to the damp more diverse areas in the

central section, and wind direction often appeared to influence bat distribution

towards sheltered habitat. Favoured areas were often found to be associated

with sheltered forest edges, streams and/or areas close to the heads of

streams (including pools).

• Pipistrelle flight height appeared to correlate with, and rarely exceed, the

height of any adjacent sheltering habitat feature. Flight height decreases

markedly when away from such features and/or in exposed conditions,

levelling off approximately at between 2 – 3m in height. At no point did flight

heights intersect with the potential turbine blade sweep.

• In favourable conditions (still) Pipistrelle bats were recorded operating at up to

100m from any defined habitat feature, such as a stream or a tree line.

• The observations made of a very few dawn commuting bats, in conjunction

with their central distribution located around the feeder streams at the head of

the Wye valley, would indicate roost sites in this direction (south-west).

• It is clear that the exposed nature of the site, with few potential nearby roosts,

is the main reason for the lack of bats. The absence of Noctule perhaps

highlights the area’s extreme isolation from mature broadleaved woodland.

13

• No high risk species or species of high conservation significance were

recorded at any point during the surveys.

• The protection of hibernation and nursery sites are key priorities in the

UKBAP. Both mine adits appeared to be minor hibernation and/or mating

sites used by a low risk species (Natterer’s) of low conservation concern. In

addition, the low number of bats on the site might suggest there is no nearby

breeding site or that habitat present is sub-optimal for use by individuals

belonging to a local nursery site. These findings, therefore, mean that no

large numbers of breeding and/or hibernating species of common or rare bats

will be affected by the development. As a result, the conservation status of

local bat populations will be maintained.

4.3 Possible impacts of the proposed works

There is very little known about the effects of wind-farm development on UK bat

species. Studies undertaken in the US and mainland Europe suggest that bat

populations could be at significant risk from wind-farm development. This information

currently forms the basis of our own domestic guidance under the guise of Natural

England’s ‘Bats and onshore wind turbines interim guidance’ sheet.

4.3.1 Blade collision

Bat deaths in the US and mainland Europe have largely been attributed to mid air

blade collision and/or associated baro-trauma, usually (and often significantly) during

key periods of seasonal, high altitude migration. This behaviour has yet to be

observed in UK bat species, although research is ongoing.

All bat species noted at the site have been recorded as turbine fatalities in mainland

Europe, although Natterer’s bat are recorded infrequently. The inappropriate siting of

turbines along flight-lines and near to woodland seem to be the major areas of

impact.

The following is a summary of the current, most commonly held theories as to why

bats may collide with turbine blades:

• Random collision: when turbines are installed along local or migratory

commuting routes and/or in favoured foraging areas

• Acoustic or light attraction: where bats are attracted to the high

frequencies or turbine emitted light

14

• Insect attraction: bats may be attracted to insects that accumulate around

the heat producing nacelle

• Mate attraction/tree attraction: where bats (particularly tree dwelling or

migratory species) are attracted towards the tree like appearance of

turbines. Male bats may defend tree territories during the mating season

potentially leading to an increased risk of collision. This may be of

additional relevance where large scale deforestation is planned.

In mainland Europe certain bat species that are also present in the UK are more

susceptible to blade collision than others. Research indicates that, due to their

tendency to fly at greater heights, hunting over greater distances and in a ‘hawking’

manner, certain bat species (Soprano and Common Pipistrelle being the only species

relevant to this site) are most likely to come into contact with turbine blades. Indeed

‘Bats and onshore wind turbines interim guidance’ list Pipistrelle sp. as being at

moderate risk from blade collision, although threats to their population status as a

result of individual mortality are considered low.

Due to the increased foraging activity and/or greater commuting height observed in

bats along sheltered conifer edge on this site, there may be a greater risk of blade

collision close to such features. Currently much of the peripheral conifer is young but

over time flight heights may increase as the trees grow.

Potential for blade collision will be highest during calmer weather conditions (due to

increased bat activity), although blades may not be turning (or turning slowly) at

these times, reducing the risk.

4.3.2 Noise fragmentation

It has been suggested that sonic and ultrasonic noise emitted by turbines could result

in the abandonment of favoured foraging or social areas. European studies suggest

that ultrasonic frequencies produced by turbines (up to 32KhZ) are enough to

dissuade Serotine bats from foraging in their previously favoured areas.

Currently no species of bat recorded on this site has been shown to avoid areas as a

result of noise disturbance. However, with all conjecture of this kind the effects

should to some degree be assumed, and turbine siting should take into account this

potential impact where particularly sensitive areas e.g. favoured foraging areas and

possible flight-lines, may be affected.

15

4.3.3 Habitat loss/modification and fragmentation of commuting routes

Loss or degradation of habitats may have a serious impact on a bat species’ ability to

use a site. This may be particularly relevant where there is large scale deforestation

on exposed upland sites used by bats. Low impact habitat loss may include the loss

of small areas of degraded habitat to make way for new access tracks and turbine

footings.

Since the preservation of priority habitats is a key issue on such upland sites it is

unlikely that prime bat foraging habitat will be lost to development. Wetter and more

biodiverse areas appear to be favoured by bats on upland sites and generally

correspond to the priority habitats targeted for conservation. In addition there is no

planned de-forestation that would reduce the availability of sheltered habitat, foul

weather roosts and/or linear flight paths.

5. RECOMMENDATIONS

Impacts on bats at Sweet Lamb are likely to be low but some mitigation may fully

alleviate any possible minor impacts.

As regards potential blade collision and noise pollution in favoured foraging areas

and sheltered commuting routes in the central area of the site, some consideration

should be given to the re-siting of a small number of turbines.

The best area for this would be the southern end of the site where no bats were

encountered. Turbines marked 8, 7 and to a lesser extent 6, 12 and 11 lie within the

key foraging and commuting areas noted and their re-siting would be preferable,

although probably not essential.

As a matter of good ecological practice altered turbine locations should be sited away

from damp hollows or deep cut stream lines and should particularly avoid the mine

adits (100m+), forestry edges, valley heads and core water basins feeding the

tributary streams. The UK guidance for this would require a 50m gap from the

nearest point of the blade tip to the feature apex, although where possible this

distance should be increased to the maximum possible. In Europe this distance is far

greater (200m) due to the presence of species non-resident to the UK.

Further surveys will not be necessary.

16

6. REFERENCES

Betts S. (2006) Are British bats at risk from windfarms (article in British

Wildlife Volume 17 no. 5). British Wildlife Publishing

Bat Conservation Trust (2007) Bat Surveys, Good Practice Guidelines.

Mitchell-Jones A.J. and McLeish A. P (2004) Bat Workers’ Manual. JNCC.

Russ J. (1999) The Bats of Britain and Ireland Alana Books.

Anabat recordings (Shropshire Bat Group 2008) private collection

Bats and onshore wind turbines (2009) interim guidance Natural England

Technical Information Note TIN051

Minutes of the 5th session of the Meeting of Eurobat Parties (2006) Resolution

5.6 Wind Turbines and Bat Populations Eurobats

BCT (2009) Scoping and method development report

Goggle maps and Garmin Basecamp maps.

17

Appendix 1

Maps showing transect routes

18

Garmin Basecamp map showing all marker points on the three transect routes, and the two static Anabat sites (Adits 1 and 2)

19

North transect

Middle transect

Nant y Gwrdy

Nant

Cwm-y-

foel

Y Foel

Waun Goch

Esgair y Maesnant

20

South transect

Tir Gwyn

CwnogBont

Y Foel

21

Appendix 2

Table of points at which bats were

seen or recorded

22

Sweet Lamb Windfarm survey: middle

Spring dusk survey

Date: 26/5/10 Sunset: 9.17p.m

Start time: 9.03 Finish time: 10.46p.m

Start temp:10.3C End temp: 8.7C

Weather: clear, cold, light NW wind

Surveyors: R. Thorne and K. Thorne Bat passes

Station no.

Location Time Common pipistrelle

Soprano pipistrelle

Myotis or Long-eared

Large bats (noctule, serotine, Leisler's)

Description of station & alt.

No recordings

Sweet Lamb Windfarm survey: south

Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




Spring dawn survey

Date: 27/5/10 Sunrise: 4.57a.m

Start time: 2.50 Finish time: 5.03

Start temp: 8C End temp: 5C

Weather: clear, cold, light NW wind.


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings

23

Sweet Lamb Windfarm survey: north

Spring dusk survey

Date: 4/6/10 Sunset: 9.28


Start temp: 12.7 End temp: 9.5C

Weather: clear, still


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL24/24A SN93967.85706 11.11p.m - 11.18p.m

Daubenton passes, (track and pool). 11.19p.m pass nr water.

Pool

SL24C SN83936.85695 11.19p.m Daubenton pass nr water.

Pool

SL24B SN83912.85676 11.21p.m pass Track near pool

SL29A SN83510.85763 11.35p.m couple of passes


Spring dawn survey


Start time: 3.15a.m Finish time: 5.07

Start temp: End temp: 9.8C

Weather: largely clear, still, some mist


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings

24


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




Spring dusk survey

Date: 24/6/10 Sunset: 9.39



Weather: clear, light westerly wind


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings


Spring dawn survey

Date: 25/6/10 Sunrise: 4.49


Start temp: 8C End temp: 5.7C



Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL7a SN83387.86499 3.37 - 3.40a.m

3.37 a.m. foraging at 2-3m height. 4 passes, went over top (S) at 3.40 a.m.

Molinia

25


Summer dusk survey


Start time: 8.54p.m Finish time: 11.07

Start temp:10.5C End temp: 9.4

Weather: overcast going to part clear, light W breeze


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings


Summer dawn dusk survey

Date: 2/8/10 Sunrise: Start time: 3.55a.m Finish time: 5.45a.m

Start temp: 10.3C End temp: 10.1C

Weather: overcast, light to moderate westerly breeze


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL35A SN83628.85295 4.29a.m commuting pass track junction, 476m

26


Summer dusk survey

Date: 29/8/10 Sunset: 8.08p.m?

Start time: 8.03 Finish time:10.13

Start temp:8C End temp: 4C

Weather: still, clear, cool


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings


Summer dawn survey

Date: 30/8/10 Sunrise: 6.20 a.m.?



Weather: clear,cold, slight breeze


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL1A SN83241.85800 6.27 – 6.29a.m.a.m

?Pip (Anabat) Track, improved grassland, rush

27


Summer dusk survey

Date: 31/8/10 Sunset: 8.01p.m.

Start time: 7.55p.m Finish time: 10.21p.m


Weather: still, some cloud, slight NE wind


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL12A SN83976.86072 8.52p.m a few passes wet gully between little escarpments next to forest edge, wet gully between little escarpments next to forest edge, 472m

SL12B SN83974.86061 8.53p.m Again, Common Pip, 4m high

470m

SL12C SN84003.86041 8.55p.m same 472m

SL14B SN84232.85903 9.03/9.04p.m Pip pass E to W and back, going into trees, foraging at 4-5m high

Forest edge, 484m

SL14C SN84253.85891 9.06p.m Foraging over and along edge of trees 5m high

Forest edge, 483m

SL14D SN84322.85853 9.08/9.09p.m passes Forest edge, 480m

SL14E SN84365.85832 9.10p.m passes Forest edge, 483m

SL14F SN84428.85792 9.11/9.12p.m passes Forest edge, 490m

SL14G SN84434.85788 9.12p.m passes Forest edge, 489m

28

SL24D SN83967.85706 9.53 - 10.02p.m

passes Daubenton pass

Pool

SL26A SN83769.85750 10.07p.m commuting pass fence-line, 481m

SL29B SN83346.85767 10.16 - 10.18p.m.

?pass Pool


Summer dawn survey


Start time: 4.18 Finish time:


Weather: still, clear, moonlight


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings


Summer dawn survey

Date: 8/9/10 Sunrise: 6.33a.m.


Start temp:6C End temp:7.5 C

Weather: still, clear with some high cloud


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings

29


Autumn dusk survey




Weather: overcast, light to moderate W wind


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings


Autumn dusk survey

Date: 29/9/10 Sunset: 6.45


Start temp: 8.5C End temp:

Weather: some cloud, light to moderate SW wind becoming still later


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL11A SN83965.86183 7.30p.m. quiet pass ? species

Clearfell edge/Molinia, 481m

SL14A SN84428.85790 7.49p.m. pass (2 bats?) Acid grassland and Molinia, near forest edge, 489m

30


2nd autumn dusk survey




Weather: overcast, some clear sky, moderate W wind with gusts


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings


Autumn dusk survey

Date: 7/10/10 Sunrise:7.23a.m. Start time: 5.00a.m. Finish time: 7.30


Weather: clear, light south wind (moderate at times)


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




No recordings

31


Autumn dusk survey

Date: 14/10/10 Sunset: 6.17p.m.

Start time: 6.05 Finish time:


Weather: overcast, misty, light NE wind


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL49A SN83203.85224 2nd Anabat left on dam, 6.50 - 7.35p.m.

pass at 7.10p.m

Valley recordings

SL80A SN82797.83758 8.02 - 8.05p.m.

passes track, river, 348m

SL80B SN82908.83712 8.08 - 8.10p.m.


SL80C SN82908.83703 8.11p.m. pass track, river, 346m

SL80D SN82940.83708 8.15pm. pass track, river, 351m

32

Appendix 3

Aerial photograph showing bat

locations from all the surveys,

numbered as per tables

33

Afon Bidro

Hafren Forest

Waen Goch

Nant y Gwrdy

SL14A

SL14G

34

Appendix 4

Maps and aerial photographs showing

bat species distribution on individual

surveys

35

Spring dusk survey 4/6/10

Spring dawn survey 25/6/10

36

Spring dusk survey 4/6/10 and spring

dawn survey25/6/10

Common Pipistrelle dusk pass

Daubenton’s Bat dusk pass/passes

Common Pipistrelle dawn pass

Waun Goch

Afon Bidno

Hafren Forest

37

Static Anabat in adit 1 26/5/10 to 4/6/10

Common Pipistrelle passes

Soprano Pipistrelle passes

Y Drum

Y Foel

38

Summer dawn survey 2/8/10

Summer dusk survey 31/8/10

39

Summer dusk survey 31/8/10

Static Anabat in adit 2: 1/9/10 – 6/9/10

Common Pipistrelle pass/passes

foraging Common Pipistrelle

Daubenton’s pass/passes

Soprano Pipistrelle passes

Waun Goch Nant Iago

Afon Bidno

Hafren Forest

40

Summer dawn survey 2/8/10

Common Pipistrelle pass

Y Drum

Afon Bidno

Nant y Gwrdy

41

Autumn dusk survey 29/9/10


42

Autumn dusk survey29/9/10

Static Anabat 14/10/10 – 21/10/10

Soprano Pipistrelle pass/passes

Common Pipistrelle pass/passes

Bat pass, species uncertain

Natterer’s Bat passes

Hafren Forest

Waun Goch

Afon Bidno

Nant Iago

43


Soprano Pipistrelle pass

Nant y Gwrdy

Afon Bidno

Y Drum

44

Autumn dusk survey 14.10.10

Static Anabat in adit 1: 14/10/10 to 21/10/10

Common Pipistrelle passes

Common Pipistrelle foraging

Soprano Pipitsrelle pass

Natterer’s Bat passes

Y Drum

Y Foel

River Wye

45

Appendix 5

Tables showing full transect survey data

46


Spring dusk survey




Weather: clear, cold, light NW wind


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL78 SN83673.85336 9.03 - 9.06p.m

track, improved grassland

SL46 SN83336.85049 9.15p.m turbine 11

SL47 SN83319.85128 gateway/track/semi-improved grassland

SL48 SN83231.85157 new track

SL49 SN83203.85224 pool

SL50 SN833190.85310 new by new tree planting above pool

SL51 SN83398.85325 new by new tree planting above pool

SL52 SN83419.85253 new track

SL53 SN83626.85427 head of rush gully, track, tiny pools

SL30 SN83521.85569 new track junction

SL31 SN83643.85614 9.31p.m small pool, track, acid grassland

68 (536) SN83840.85645 9.35p.m semi-improved grassland, track

47

SL32 SN83882.85564 9.38 - 9.41p.m

blanket bog/acid grassland, fence-corner, immature forest edge

SL33 SN83811.85454 9.43p.m immature forest edge

SL34 SN83708.85302 9.46p.m blanket bog/acid grassland, immature forest edge

SL35 SN83641.85234 fence-line, acid grassland, gateway

SL36 SN83713.85038 9.54p.m Gully, pool, rush

SL37 SN83983.85134 9.59p.m Track, acid grassland, Molinia


SL39 SN83881.84875 10.03p.m Track, head of gully

SL40 SN84054.84838 10.07p.m Track, Molinia, overlooking steep valley

SL41 SN84069.84491 10.12 - 10.14p.m

Track junction, acid grassland

SL42 SN83888.84287 10.22p.m Wet heath, turbine site

SL43 SN83810.84445 10.28p.m Wet heath/Molinia

SL44 SN83736.84668 10.53p.m Molinia grassland

SL45 SN83732.84765 10.35p.m fence-line, Molinia grassland


SL35 SN83641.85234 fence-line, acid grassland, gateway

SL78 SN83673.85336 10.46p.m track, improved grassland

48


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




Spring dawn survey




Weather: clear, cold, light NW wind.


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL41 SN84069.84491 2.50a.m Track junction

SL54 SN84274.84560 2.57a.m Molinia, fence bend

SL55 SN84585.84472 3.05a.m Wet heath

SL56 SN84877.84325 3.14a.m Wet heath/ Molinia

SL57 SN85054.84121 3.20a.m Molinia

SL58 SN85123.84086 new Forest edge

SL59 SN85102.83971 new Forest edge

SL60 SN84879.83938 3.25a.m Heathland, knoll, turbine site

SL61 SN84754.83989 3.29a.m Heathland

SL62 SN84547.84075 3.34a.m Molinia

SL63 SN84478.84124 3.36a.m Valley mire, head of gully, turbine site

SL64 SN84436.83960 3.40a.m Acid grassland/heath, track junction

SL65 SN84544.83685 3.46a.m Acid grassland/heathland knoll

SL66 SN84510.83557

SL67 SN84574.83448 3.56 - 3.59a.m

track, semi-improved grassland

49

SL68 SN84740.83336 knoll, semi-improved grassland

SL69 SN84900.83350 site of T?17, semi-improved grassland, knoll

SL70 SN84854.83410 4.12a.m semi-improved grassland, knoll


SL72 SN84568.83489 4.19a.m track, semi-improved grassland, acid grassland

SL66 SN84510.83557 4.21a.m track, gateway, acid grassland

SL73 SN84285.83697 4.26a.m rushy patch, field corner, fences

SL74 SN 84088.83779

4.31a.m. acid grassland

SL75 SN83914.83875 4.36a.m Molinia

SL76 SN83802.83974 4.40a.m turbine site, acid grassland

SL77 SN83890.84033 4.42a.m track, acid grassland

SL42 SN83888.84287 4.47a.m Wet heath, turbine site

SL41 SN84069.84491 2.50a.m Track junction

50


Spring dusk survey

Date: 4/6/10 Sunset: 9.28


Start temp: 12.7 End temp: 9.5C



Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL1 SN83241.85800 9.18p.m - 9.24p.m

Track, improved grassland, rush

SL2 SN82980.85726 9.30p.m Improved grassland on promontory, turbine site

SL3 SN83048.85856 9.32p.m Improved grassland

SL4 SN83118.85990 9.35p.m Small Erio ang bog by fence-line

SL5 SN83074.86052 9.38p.m Acid grassland, turbine site, fence-line (stile)

SL6 SN83150.86229 9.42p.m Dry heath/wet heath, peat cutting

SL7 SN83238.86447 9.46p.m Molinia, heath and acid grassland, turbine site

SL8 SN83430.86523 9.50p.m sloping ground dominated by Molinia

SL9 SN8364686609 9.55p.m sloping ground dominated by Molinia, above forest edge, turbine site

SL10 SN83750.86451 10.01p.m Pool on high ground

51

SL11 SN83910.86311 10.06p.m Clearfell edge, by small boggy hollow with Rowan

SL12 SN83997.86098 10.11p.m Edge of steep bank above small stream, Molinia

SL13 SN84068.86002 10.17p.m - 10.18p.m

Fence corner on forest edge

SL14 SN84202.85916 10.22p.m Acid grassland

SL15 SN84457.85775 10.28p.m Forest edge, Molinia/acid grassland

SL16 SN84633.85641 10.34p.m Faint track, Molinia


SL18 SN84851.85379 10.42p.m - 10.44p.m

Knoll, Molinia

SL19 SN84679.85407 10.48p.m Track, Molinia

SL20 SN84501.85397 10.51p.m Old track, Molinia/wet heath

SL21 SN84159.85409 11.00p.m Track, acid grassland

SL22 SN84149.85617 11.04p.m Track, acid grassland, turbine site

SL23 SN84102.85800 11.07p.m Track junction, acid grassland

SL24/24A SN93967.85706 11.11p.m - 11.18p.m

Daubenton passes, (track and pool). 11.19p.m pass nr water.

Pool

SL24B SN83936.85695 11.19p.m Daubenton pass nr water.

Pool

SL24C SN83912.85676 11.21p.m pass Track near pool

SL25 SN83840.85645 11.23p.m Gateway on track

52

SL26 SN83816.85678 11.25p.m Knoll, acid grassland, fence-line

SL27 SN83737.85794 11.28p.m Fence corner, Rush and Molinia

SL28 SN83622.85740 11.31p.m Fence corner, Molinia

SL29 SN83511.85761 11.33p.m Molinia, fence-line

SL29A SN83510.85763 11.35p.m couple of passes

SL1 SN83241.85800 11.41 11.42p.m

Track, improved grassland, rush, turbine site

53


Spring dawn survey


Start time: 3.15a.m Finish time: 5.07

Start temp: End temp: 9.8C

Weather: largely clear, still, some mist


Station no. Location Time Common pipistrelle

Soprano pipistrelle




SL78 SN83673.85336 3.15a.m track, improved grassland

SL35 SN83641.85234 3.20a.m fence-line, acid grassland, gateway

SL36 SN83713.85038 3.24a.m Gully, pool, rush

SL37 SN83983.85134 3.29 - 3.30a.m

Track, acid grassland, Molinia

SL38 SN83964.85026 3.32a.m Track, acid grassland, Molinia

SL39 SN83881.84875 3.35a.m Track, head of gully

SL40 SN84054.84838 3.38a.m Track, Molinia, overlooking steep valley

SL41 SN84069.84491 3.45a.m Track junction, acid grassland


SL43 SN83810.84445 3.56a.m Wet heath/Molinia

SL44 SN83736.84668 4.02a.m Molinia grassland

SL45 SN83732.84765 4.05a.m fence-line, Molinia grassland


SL35 SN83641.85234 4.15a.m fence-line, acid grassland, g ateway

SL34 SN83708.85302 4.17-4.18a.m

blanket bog/acid grassland, immature forest edge

54

SL33 SN83811.85454 4.22a.m immature forest edge

SL32 SN83882.85564 4.25a.m blanket bog/acid grassland, fence-corner, immature forest edge

SL25 SN83840.85645 4.27a.m semi-improved grassland, track

SL31 SN83643.85614 4.30a.m small pool, track, acid grassland

SL30 SN83522.85569 4.32a.m track junction

SL53 SN83626.85427 4.36a.m head of rush gully, track, tiny pools

SL47 SN83319.85128 4.45a.m gateway/track/semi-improved grassland

SL46 SN83336.85049 4.49a.m turbine 11

SL48 SN83231.85157 4.54a.m track

SL49 SN83203.85224 4.56a.m pool

SL50 SN83310.85310 4.59a.m by new planting above pool


SL52 SN83419.85253 5.04a.m track

SL78 SN83673.85336 5.07a.m track, improved grassland

55


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




Spring dusk survey

Date: 24/6/10 Sunset: 9.39



Weather: clear, light westerly wind


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL41 SN84069.84491 9.30 - 9.40p.m

Track junction

SL54 SN84274.84560 9.44p.m Molinia, fence bend

SL55 SN84585.84472 9.51p.m Wet heath

SL56 SN84877.84325 9.59p.m Wet heath/ Molinia

SL57 SN85054.84121 10.05 - 10.06p.m

Molinia

SL58 SN85123.84086 10.08p.m 507m

SL59 SN85102.83971 10.11p.m 501m

SL60 SN84879.83938 10.17p.m Heathland, knoll, turbine site

SL61 SN84754.83989 10.20p.m Heathland

SL62 SN84547.84075 10.24p.m Molinia

SL63 SN84478.84124 10.27p.m Valley mire, head of gully, turbine site

SL64 SN84436.83960 10.32p.m Acid grassland/heath, track junction

SL65 SN84544.83685 10,38p.m Acid grassland/heathland knoll

SL66 SN84510.83557 10.41p.m track, gateway, acid grassland

56

SL67 SN84574.83448 10.43p.m track, semi-improved grassland

SL68 SN84740.83336 10.49p,m knoll, semi-improved grassland

SL69 SN84900.83350 10.54p.m site of T?17, semi-improved grassland, knoll

SL70 SN84854.83410 10.58p.m semi-improved grassland, knoll


SL72 SN84568.83489 11.05p.m track, semi-improved grassland, acid grassland


SL73 SN84285.83697 11.12p.m rushy patch, field corner, fences

SL74 SN 84088.83779

11.17p.m acid grassland

SL75 SN83914.83875 Molinia

SL76 SN83802.83974 11.25p.m turbine site, acid grassland

SL77 SN83890.84033 11.27p.m track, acid grassland


SL41 SN84069.84491 11.36p.m Track junction

57


Spring dawn survey



Start temp: 8C End temp: 5.7C



Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL1 SN83241.85800 3.00 - 3.05a.m

Track, improved grassland, rush

SL2 SN82980.85726 3.09a.m Improved grassland on promontory, turbine site

SL3 SN83048.85856 3.14 - 3.17a.m

Improved grassland

SL4 SN83118.85990 3.20a.m Small Erio ang bog by fence-line

SL5 SN83074.86052 3.23a.m Acid grassland, turbine site, fence-line (stile)

SL6 SN83150.86229 3.27a.m Dry heath/wet heath, peat cutting

SL7 SN83238.86447 3.32a.m Molinia, heath and acid grassland, turbine site

SL7a SN83387.86499 3.37 - 3.40a.m

3.37 a.m. foraging at 2-3m height. 4 passes, went over top (S) at 3.40 a.m.

Molinia

SL8 SN83430.86523 3.41a.m sloping ground dominated by Molinia

58

SL9 SN8364686609 3.47 - 3.49a.m

sloping ground dominated by Molinia, above forest edge, turbine site

SL10 SN83750.86451 3.53 - 3.54a.m

Pool on high ground

SL11 SN83910.86311 3.59 - 4.00a.m

Clearfell edge, by small boggy hollow with Rowan

SL12 SN83997.86098 4.05a.m Edge of steep bank above small stream, Molinia

SL13 SN84068.86002 4.08a.m Fence corner on forest edge

SL14 SN84202.85916 4.13a.m Acid grassland

SL15 SN84457.85775 4.18a.m Forest edge, Molinia/acid grassland

SL16 SN84633.85641 4.21a.m Faint track, Molinia


SL18 SN84851.85379 4.29a.m Knoll, Molinia

SL19 SN84679.85407 4.33a.m Track, Molinia

SL20 SN84501.85397 4.35a.m Old track, Molinia/wet heath

SL21 SN84159.85409 4.41a.m Track, acid grassland

SL22 SN84149.85617 4.44a.m Track, acid grassland, turbine site


SL24 SN83967.85706 4.49a.m Pool

SL25 SN83840.85645 Gateway, track

SL26 SN83816.85678 Knoll, acid grassland, fence-line

SL27 SN83737.85794 Fence corner, Rush and Molinia

SL28 SN83622.85740 Fence corner, Molinia

59

SL29 SN83511.85761 Molinia, fence-line

SL1 SN83241.85800 Track, improved grassland, rush

60


Summer dusk survey



Start temp:10.5C End temp: 9.4

Weather: overcast going to part clear, light W breeze


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL41 SN84069.84491 8.54 -9.02p.m

Track junction

SL54 SN84274.84560 9.07p.m Molinia, fence bend

SL55 SN84585.84472 9.16p.m Wet heath

SL56 SN84877.84325 9.23p.m Wet heath/ Molinia

SL57 SN85054.84121 9.30p.m Molinia

SL58 SN85123.84086 9.32p.m Forest edge

SL59 SN85102.83971 9.36p.m Forest edge

SL60 SN84879.83938 9.41p.m Heathland, knoll, turbine site

SL61 SN84754.83989 9.45p.m Heathland

SL62 SN84547.84075 9.51p.m Molinia

SL63 SN84478.84124 9.53p.m Valley mire, head of gully, turbine site

SL64 SN84436.83960 9.56p.m Acid grassland/heath, track junction

SL65 SN84544.83685 Acid grassland/heathland knoll


SL67 SN84574.83448 10.09p.m track, semi-improved grassland

SL68 SN84740.83336 10.15p.m knoll, semi-improved grassland

61

SL69 SN84900.83350 10.20p.m site of T?17, semi-improved grassland, knoll



SL72 SN84568.83489 10.30p.m track, semi-improved grassland, acid grassland


SL73 SN84285.83697 10.38p.m rushy patch, field corner, fences

SL74 SN 84088.83779

10.44p.m acid grassland

SL75 SN83914.83875 10.49p.m Molinia

SL76 SN83802.83974 10.53p.m turbine site, acid grassland

SL77 SN83890.84033 10.55p.m track, acid grassland

SL42 SN83888.84287 11.00p.m. Wet heath, turbine site

SL41 SN84069.84491 11.07p.m Track junction

62


Summer dawn dusk survey

Date: 2/8/10 Sunrise: Start time: 3.55a.m Finish time: 5.45a.m


Weather: overcast, light to moderate westerly breeze


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle






SL43 SN83810.84445 4.08a.m Wet heath/Molinia

SL44 SN83736.84668 4.14a.m Molinia grassland

SL45 SN83732.84765 4.16a.m fence-line, Molinia grassland


SL35 SN83641.85234 4.27a.m fence-line, acid grassland, ? Gateway

SL35A SN83628.85295 4.29a.m commuting pass track junction, 476m

SL52 SN83419.85253 4.32a.m track



SL49 SN83203.85224 4.38 - 4.46a.m

pool

SL48 SN83231.85157 4.49a.m track

SL47 SN83319.85128 4.51a.m gateway/track/semi-improved grassland

SL46 SN83336.85049 4.54a.m turbine 11

SL47 SN83319.85128 4.57a.m

SL52 SN83419.85253 5.00a.m track

SL53 SN83626.85427 5.04a.m head of rush gully, track, tiny pools

63

SL30 SN83522.85569 track junction

SL31 SN83643.85614 5.10a.m small pool, track, acid grassland

SL25 SN83840.85645 semi-improved grassland, track

SL32 SN83882.85564 5.17a.m blanket bog/acid grassland, fence-corner, immature forest edge

SL33 SN83811.85454 5.20a.m immature forest edge

SL34 SN83708.85302 5.23a.m blanket bog/acid grassland, immature forest edge

SL35 SN83641.85234 5.25a.m fence-line, acid grassland, ? Gateway


SL37 SN83983.85134 Track, acid grassland, Molinia

SL38 SN83964.85026 Track, acid grassland, Molinia

SL39 SN83881.84875 5.37a.m Track, head of gully

SL40 SN84054.84838 5.40a.m Track, Molinia, overlooking steep valley


64


Summer dusk survey

Date: 29/8/10 Sunset: 8.08p.m?


Start temp:8C End temp: 4C

Weather: still, clear, cool


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL30 SN83522.85569 8.03/8.04p.m track junction

SL31 SN83643.85614 8.07p.m small pool, track, acid grassland

SL25 SN83840.85645 8.10p.m semi-improved grassland, track

SL32 SN83882.85564 8.12p.m blanket bog/acid grassland, fence-corner, immature forest edge

SL33 SN83811.85454 8.15p.m immature forest edge

SL34 SN83708.85302 8.18p.m blanket bog/acid grassland, immature forest edge

SL35 SN83641.85234 8.20/8.21p.m fence-line, acid grassland, gateway




SL39 SN83881.84875 8.35p.m Track, head of gully

SL40 SN84054.84838 8.38p.m Track, Molinia, overlooking steep valley

SL41 SN84069.84491 8.44/8.45p.m Track junction, acid grassland


65

SL43 SN83810.84445 8.56p.m Wet heath/Molinia

SL44 SN83736.84668 9.02p.m Molinia grassland

SL45 SN83732.84765 9.04 - 9.07p.m

fence-line, Molinia grassland


SL35 SN83641.85234 9.20p.m fence-line, acid grassland, gateway

SL79 SN83538.85259 9.23p.m.

SL53 SN83626.85427 9.25p.m head of rush gully, track, tiny pools

SL30 SN83538.85259 9.30p.m track junction

car journey between stops 30 and 79

SL79 SN83538.85259 9.37p.m. track junction

SL46 SN83336.85049 9.45/9.46p.m turbine 11

SL47 SN83319.85128 9.49p.m gateway/track/semi-improved grassland

SL48 SN83231.85157 9.52p.m track

SL49 SN83203.85224 9.55 - 10.02p.m

pool

SL50 SN83310.85310 10.06p.m by new planting above pool

SL51 SN83398.85326 10.08p.m by new planting above pool

SL52 SN83419.85253 10.11p.m track


66


Summer dawn survey

Date: 30/8/10 Sunrise: 6.20 a.m.



Weather: clear,cold, slight breeze


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL1 SN83241.85800 4.00a.m. Track, improved grassland, rush

SL2

SN82980.85726 4.09/4.10a.m Improved grassland on promontory, turbine site

SL3 SN83048.85856 4.13a.m Improved grassland

SL4 SN83118.85990 4.17a.m Small Erio ang bog by fence-line

SL5 SN83074.86052 4.22a.m Acid grassland, turbine site, fence-line (stile)

SL6

SN83150.86229 4.27a.m Dry heath/wet heath, peat cutting

SL7

SN83238.86447 4.33a.m Molinia, heath and acid grassland, turbine site

SL8

SN83430.86523 4.40a.m sloping ground dominated by Molinia

SL9

SN8364686609 4.46/4.47a.m sloping ground dominated by Molinia, above forest edge, turbine site

SL10

SN83750.86451 4.53a.m Pool on high ground

67

SL11

SN83910.86311 4.59/5.00a.m Clearfell edge, by small boggy hollow with Rowan

SL12

SN83997.86098 5.06a.m Edge of steep bank above small stream, Molinia

SL13 SN84068.86002 5.13a.m Fence corner on forest edge

SL14 SN84202.85916 5.19/5.20a.m Acid grassland

SL15 SN84457.85775 5.29/5.30a.m Forest edge, Molinia/acid grassland



SL18 SN84851.85379 5.45/5.46a.m Knoll, Molinia

SL19 SN84679.85407 5.50/5.51a.m Track, Molinia

SL20 SN84501.85397 5.53a.m Old track, Molinia/wet heath

SL21 SN84159.85409 6.00a.m Track, acid grassland

SL22 SN84149.85617 6.03/6.04a.m Track, acid grassland, turbine site


SL24 SN83967.85706 6.10a.m Pool

SL25 SN83840.85645 6.13a.m Gateway, track

SL26 SN83816.85678 6.15a.m Knoll, acid grassland, fence-line

SL27 SN83737.85794 6.18a.m Fence corner, Rush and Molinia

SL28 SN83622.85740 6.21a.m Fence corner, Molinia

SL29 SN83511.85761 6.23/6.24a.m Molinia, fence-line

SL1 SN83241.85800 6.27 - 6.29a.m

?Pip (Anabat) Track, improved grassland, rush, turbine site

68


Summer dusk survey

Date: 31/8/10 Sunset: 8.01p.m.

Start time: 7.55p.m Finish time: 10.21p.m


Weather: still, some cloud, slight NE wind


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL1 SN83241.85800 7.55 - 8.00p.m


SL2 SN82980.85726 8.03p.m Improved grassland on promontory, turbine site

SL3 SN83048.85856 8.07p.m Improved grassland

SL4 SN83118.85990 8.09p.m Small Erio ang bog by fence-line

SL5 SN83074.86052 8.12p.m Acid grassland, turbine site, fence-line (stile)

SL6 SN83150.86229 8.16p.m Dry heath/wet heath, peat cutting

SL7 SN83238.86447 8.21p.m Molinia, heath and acid grassland, turbine site

SL8 SN83430.86523 8.26p.m sloping ground dominated by Molinia

SL9 SN8364686609 8.32p.m sloping ground dominated by Molinia, above forest edge, turbine site

SL10 SN83750.86451 8.38p.m Pool on high ground

69

SL11 SN83910.86311 8.44p.m Clearfell edge, by small boggy hollow with Rowan

SL12 SN83997.86098 8.50p.m Edge of steep bank above small stream, Molinia

SL12A SN83976.86072 8.52p.m a few passes wet gully between little escarpments next to forest edge, wet gully between little escarpments next to forest edge, 472m

SL12B SN83974.86061 8.53p.m Again, Common Pip, 4m high

470m

SL12C SN84003.86041 8.55p.m same 472m

SL13 SN84068.86002 8.57p.m Fence corner on forest edge

SL14 SN84202.85916 9.01/9.02p.m Acid grassland

SL14B SN84232.85903 9.03/9.04p.m Pip pass E to W and back, going into trees, foraging at 4-5m high

Forest edge, 484m

SL14C SN84253.85891 9.06p.m Foraging over and along edge of trees 5m high

Forest edge, 483m

SL14D SN84322.85853 9.08/9.09p.m passes Forest edge, 480m

SL14E SN84365.85832 9.10p.m passes Forest edge, 483m

SL14F SN84428.85792 9.11/9.12p.m passes Forest edge, 490m

SL14G SN84434.85788 9.12p.m passes Forest edge, 489m

SL15 SN84457.85775 9.12+p.m. Forest edge, Molinia/acid grassland


70


SL18 SN84851.85379 9.30p.m Knoll, Molinia

SL19 SN84679.85407 9.34p.m Track, Molinia

SL20 SN84501.85397 9.36p.m Old track, Molinia/wet heath

SL21 SN84159.85409 9.43p.m Track, acid grassland

SL22 SN84149.85617 9.47p.m Track, acid grassland, turbine site

SL23 SN84102.85800 9.50p.m Track junction, acid grassland

SL24D SN83967.85706 9.53 - 10.02p.m

passes Daubenton pass

Pool

SL25 SN83840.85645 10.04p.m Gateway, track

SL26 SN83816.85678 10.05p.m Knoll, acid grassland, fence-line

SL26A SN83769.85750 10.07p.m commuting pass fence-line, 481m

SL27 SN83737.85794 10.08p.m Fence corner, Rush and Molinia

SL28 SN83622.85740 10.11p.m Fence corner, Molinia

SL29 SN83511.85761 10.13p.m Molinia, fence-line

SL29B SN83346.85767 10.16 - 10.18p.m.

?pass pool

SL1 SN83241.85800 10.19p.m Track, improved grassland, rush

71


Summer dawn survey




Weather: still, clear, moonlight


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL41 SN84069.84491 4.18 - 4.20a.m

Track junction

SL42 SN83888.84287 4.24/4,25a.m Wet heath, turbine site

SL77 SN83890.84033 4.28a.m track, acid grassland

SL76 SN83802.83974 4.30/4.31a.m turbine site, acid grassland

SL75 SN83914.83875 4.33a.m Molinia

SL74 SN 84088.83779

4.38a.m acid grassland

SL73 SN84285.83697 4.43a.m rushy patch, field corner, fences


SL67 SN84574.83448 4.51a.m track, semi-improved grassland

SL68 SN84740.83336 4.55a.m knoll, semi-improved grassland

SL69 SN84900.83350 4.59a.m site of T?17, semi-improved grassland, knoll



72

SL72 SN84568.83489 5.09a.m track, semi-improved grassland, acid grassland


SL65 SN84544.83685 5.13a.m Acid grassland/heathland knoll

SL64 SN84436.83960 5.18a.m Acid grassland/heath, track junction

SL63 SN84478.84124 5.20a.m Valley mire, head of gully, turbine site

SL62 SN84547.84075 5.23a.m Molinia

SL61 SN84754.83989 5.29a.m Heathland

SL60 SN84879.83938 5.32/5.33a.m Heathland, knoll, turbine site

SL59 SN85102.83971 5.38a.m Forest edge

SL58 SN85123.84086 5.40a.m Forest edge

SL57 SN85054.84121 5.44a.m Molinia

SL56 SN84877.84325 5.51a.m Wet heath/ Molinia

SL55 SN84585.84472 5.58a.m Wet heath

SL54 SN84274.84560 6.08a.m Molinia, fence bend

SL41 SN84069.84491 6.14 - 6.20a.m

Track junction

73


Summer dawn survey

Date: 8/9/10 Sunrise: 6.33a.m.



Weather: still, clear with some high cloud


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL78 SN83673.85336 4.45 - 4.48a.m.


SL46 SN83336.85049 4.55a.m. turbine 11

SL47 SN83319.85128 4.58a.m. gateway/track/semi-improved grassland

SL48 SN83231.85157 5.02a.m. track

SL49 SN83203.85224 5.04 - 5.09a.m.

pool

SL50 SN833190.85310 5.12a.m. by new tree planting above pool

SL51 SN83398.85325 5.15a.m. by new tree planting above pool

SL52 SN83419.85253 5.18a.m. track

SL53 SN83626.85427 5.22a.m. head of rush gully, track, tiny pools

SL30 SN83521.85569 5.26a.m. track junction

SL31 SN83643.85614 5.28a.m. small pool, track, acid grassland

SL25 SN83840.85645 5.32a.m. semi-improved grassland, track

74

SL32 SN83882.85564 5.34a.m. blanket bog/acid grassland, fence-corner, immature forest edge

SL33 SN83811.85454 5.37a.m. immature forest edge

SL34 SN83708.85302 5.41a.m. blanket bog/acid grassland, immature forest edge

SL35 SN83641.85234 5.43a.m. fence-line, acid grassland, ? Gateway

SL36 SN83713.85038 5.47a.m. Gully, pool, rush

SL37 SN83983.85134 5.51a.m. Track, acid grassland, Molinia

SL38 SN83964.85026 5.53a.m. Track, acid grassland, Molinia

SL39 SN83881.84875 5.56a.m. Track, head of gully

SL40 SN84054.84838 5.59a.m. Track, Molinia, overlooking steep valley

SL41 SN84069.84491 6.05a.m. Track junction, acid grassland

SL42 SN83888.84287 6.11a.m. Wet heath, turbine site

SL43 SN83810.84445 6.16a.m. Wet heath/Molinia

SL44 SN83736.84668 6.21a.m. Molinia grassland

SL45 SN83732.84765 6.23a.m. fence-line, Molinia grassland

SL36 SN83713.85038 6.29a.m. Gully, pool, rush

SL35 SN83641.85234 6.32a.m. fence-line, acid grassland, ? Gateway

SL78 SN83673.85336 6.35a.m. track, improved grassland

75


Autumn dusk survey




Weather: overcast, light to moderate W wind


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL41 SN84069.84491 7.35 - 7.45p.m.

Track junction

SL54 SN84274.84560 8.00p.m. Molinia, fence bend

SL55 SN84585.84472 8.09p.m. Wet heath

SL56 SN84877.84325 8.16p.m. Wet heath/ Molinia

SL57 SN85054.84121 8.22p.m. Molinia

SL58 SN85123.84086 8.25p.m. Forest edge


SL60 SN84879.83938 8.34p.m. Heathland, knoll, turbine site

SL61 SN84754.83989 8.38p.m. Heathland

SL62 SN84547.84075 8.44p.m. Molinia

SL63 SN84478.84124 8.47p.m. Valley mire, head of gully, turbine site

SL64 SN84436.83960 8.50p.m. Acid grassland/heath, track junction

SL65 SN84544.83685 8.54p.m. Acid grassland/heathland knoll

SL66 SN84510.83557 8.56p.m. track, gateway, acid grassland

SL67 SN84574.83448 8.58p.m. track, semi-improved grassland

SL68 SN84740.83336 9.04p.m. knoll, semi-improved grassland

76

SL69 SN84900.83350 9.09p.m. site of T?17, semi-improved grassland, knoll

SL70 SN84854.83410 9.12p.m. semi-improved grassland, knoll


SL72 SN84568.83489 9.19p.m. track, semi-improved grassland, acid grassland


SL73 SN84285.83697 9.27p.m. rushy patch, field corner, fences

SL74 SN84088.83779 9.35p.m. acid grassland

SL75 SN83914.83875 9.41p.m. Molinia

SL76 SN83802.83974 9.45p.m. turbine site, acid grassland

SL77 SN83890.84033 9.49p.m. track, acid grassland


SL41 SN84069.84491 9.59p.m. Track junction

77


Autumn dusk survey

Date: 29/9/10 Sunset: 6.45


Start temp: 8.5C End temp:

Weather: some cloud, light to moderate SW wind becoming still later


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL1 SN83241.85800 6.30 - 6.44p.m.


SL2 SN82980.85726 6.48p.m. Improved grassland on promontory, turbine site

SL3 SN83048.85856 6.52p.m. Improved grassland

SL4 SN83118.85990 6.54p.m. Small Erio ang bog by fence-line

SL5 SN83074.86052 6.56p.m. Acid grassland, turbine site, fence-line (stile)

SL6 SN83150.86229 7.00p.m. Dry heath/wet heath, peat cutting

SL7 SN83238.86447 7.04p.m. Molinia, heath and acid grassland, turbine site

SL8 SN83430.86523 7.10p.m. sloping ground dominated by Molinia

SL9 SN8364686609 7.15p.m. sloping ground dominated by Molinia, above forest edge, turbine site

SL10 SN83750.86451 7.20p.m. Pool on high ground

78

SL11 SN83910.86311 7.26p.m. Clearfell edge, by small boggy hollow with Rowan/Molinia

SL11A SN83965.86183 7.30p.m. quite pass ? Species


SL12 SN83997.86098 7.34p.m. Edge of steep bank above small stream, Molinia

SL13 SN84068.86002 7.39p.m. Fence corner on forest edge

SL14 SN84202.85916 7.43p.m. Acid grassland

SL14A SN84428.85790 7.49p.m. pass (2 bats?) Acid grassland and Molinia, near forest edge, 489m

SL15 SN84457.85775 7.52p.m. Forest edge, Molinia/acid grassland

SL16 SN84633.85641 7.58p.m. Faint track, Molinia

SL17 SN84741.85567 8.02p.m. Faint track, Molinia

SL18 SN84851.85379 8.09p.m. Knoll, Molinia

SL19 SN84679.85407 8.18p.m. Track, Molinia

SL20 SN84501.85397 8.21p.m. Old track, Molinia/wet heath

SL21 SN84159.85409 8.28p.m. Track, acid grassland

SL22 SN84149.85617 8.32p.m. Track, acid grassland, turbine site

SL23 SN84102.85800 8.36p.m. Track junction, acid grassland

SL24 SN83967.85706 8.39 - 8.44p.m.

Pool

SL25 SN83840.85645 8.47p.m. Gateway, track

SL26 SN83816.85678 8.48p.m. Knoll, acid grassland, fence-line

SL27 SN83737.85794 8.51p.m. Fence corner, Rush and Molinia

SL28 SN83622.85740 8.54p.m. Fence corner, Molinia

79

SL29 SN83511.85761 8.56p.m. Molinia, fence-line

SL1 SN83241.85800 9.02p.m. Track, improved grassland, rush

80


2nd autumn dusk survey




Weather: overcast, some clear sky, moderate W wind with gusts


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL41 SN84069.84491 6.28 - 6.36p.m.

Track junction

SL54 SN84274.84560 6.41p.m. Molinia, fence bend

SL55 SN84585.84472 6.48p.m. Wet heath

SL56 SN84877.84325 6.55p.m. Wet heath/ Molinia

SL57 SN85054.84121 7.01p.m. Molinia



SL60 SN84879.83938 7.12p.m. Heathland, knoll, turbine site

SL61 SN84754.83989 7.16p.m. Heathland

SL62 SN84547.84075 7.21p.m. Molinia

SL63 SN84478.84124 7.24p.m. Valley mire, head of gully, turbine site

SL64 SN84436.83960 7.26/27p.m. Acid grassland/heath, track junction

SL65 SN84544.83685 7.32p.m. Acid grassland/heathland knoll


SL67 SN84574.83448 7.36p.m. track, semi-improved grassland

SL68 SN84740.83336 7.41p.m. knoll, semi-improved grassland

81

SL69 SN84900.83350 7.43p.m. site of T?17, semi-improved grassland, knoll



SL72 SN84568.83489 7.57p.m. track, semi-improved grassland, acid grassland

SL66 SN84510.83557 7.59 - 8.00p.m.

track, gateway, acid grassland

SL73 SN84285.83697 8.05p.m. rushy patch, field corner, fences

SL74 SN 84088.83779

8.12p.m. acid grassland

SL75 SN83914.83875 8.17p.m. Molinia

SL76 SN83802.83974 8.23p.m. turbine site, acid grassland

SL77 SN83890.84033 8.26p.m. track, acid grassland


SL41 SN84069.84491 8.40p.m. Track junction

82


Autumn dusk survey

Date: 7/10/10 Sunrise:7.23a.m. Start time: 5.00a.m. Finish time: 7.30


Weather: clear, light south wind (moderate at times)


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL25 SN83840.85645 5.06a.m. Gateway, track

SL24 SN83967.85706 5.08 - 5.10a.m. Pool

SL23 SN84102.85800 5.13a.m. Track junction, acid grassland

SL22 SN84149.85617 5.17a.m. Track, acid grassland, turbine site

SL21 SN84159.85409 5.19a.m. Track, acid grassland

SL20 SN84501.85397 5.26a.m. Old track, Molinia/wet heath

SL19 SN84679.85407 5.29a.m. Track, Molinia

SL18 SN84851.85379 5.33a.m. Knoll, Molinia

SL17 SN84741.85567 5.40a.m. Faint track, Molinia

SL16 SN84633.85641 5.43a.m. Faint track, Molinia

SL15 SN84457.85775 5.48a.m. Forest edge, Molinia/acid grassland

SL14 SN84202.85916 5.55a.m. Acid grassland

SL13 SN84068.86002 5.59a.m. Fence corner on forest edge

SL12 SN83997.86098 6.04a.m. Edge of steep bank above small stream,

83

Molinia

SL11 SN83910.86311 6.11 - 6.14a.m. Clearfell edge, by small boggy hollow with Rowan

SL10 SN83750.86451 6.22a.m. Pool on high ground

SL9 SN8364686609 6.28a.m. sloping ground dominated by Molinia, above forest edge, turbine site

SL8 SN83430.86523 6.37a.m. sloping ground dominated by Molinia

SL7 SN83238.86447 6.44a.m. Molinia, heath and acid grassland, turbine site

SL6 SN83150.86229 6.50a.m. Dry heath/wet heath, peat cutting

SL5 SN83074.86052 6.55a.m. Acid grassland, turbine site, fence-line (stile)

SL4 SN83118.85990 6.59a.m. Small Erio ang bog by fence-line

SL3 SN83048.85856 7.03a.m. Improved grassland

SL2 SN82980.85726 7.05a.m. Improved grassland on promontory, turbine site

SL1 SN83241.85800 7.10a.m. Track, improved grassland, rush, turbine site

SL1 SN83241.85800 7.10a.m. Track, improved grassland, rush, turbine site

SL29 SN83511.85761 7.14a.m. Molinia, fence-line

SL28 SN83622.85740 7.16a.m. Fence corner, Molinia

84

SL27 SN83737.85794 7.19a.m. Fence corner, Rush and Molinia

SL26 SN83816.85678 7.22a.m. Knoll, acid grassland, fence-line

85


Autumn dusk survey

Date: 14/10/10 Sunset: 6.17p.m.



Weather: overcast, misty, light NE wind


Station no.


Soprano pipistrelle




SL42 SN83888.84287 6. 55p.m. Wet heath, turbine site

SL53 SN83626.85427 6.10p.m. head of rush gully, track, tiny pools


SL31 SN83643.85614 6.16p.m. small pool, track, acid grassland

SL25 SN83840.85645 6.19p.m. semi-improved grassland, track

SL32 SN83882.85564 6.21p.m. blanket bog/acid grassland, fence-corner, immature forest edge

SL33 SN83811.85454 6.24p.m. immature forest edge

SL34 SN83708.85302 6.27p.m. blanket bog/acid grassland, immature forest edge

SL35 SN83641.85234 6.29p.m. fence-line, acid grassland, gateway

SL36 SN83713.85038 6.32p.m. Gully, pool, rush

SL37 SN83983.85134 6.37p.m. Track, acid grassland, Molinia

SL38 SN83964.85026 6.39p.m. Track, acid grassland, Molinia

SL39 SN83881.84875 6.41p.m. Track, head of gully

SL40 SN84054.84838 6.44p.m. Track, Molinia, overlooking steep valley

86

SL41 SN84069.84491 6.49p.m. Track junction, acid grassland

SL43 SN83810.84445 7.00p.m. Wet heath/Molinia

SL44 SN83736.84668 7.04p.m. Molinia grassland

SL45 SN83732.84765 7.06p.m. fence-line, Molinia grassland

SL36 SN83713.85038 7.12p.m. Gully, pool, rush

SL35 SN83641.85234 7.15p.m. fence-line, acid grassland, gateway

SL78 SN83673.85336 7.17p.m. track, improved grassland

SL46 SN83336.85049 7.24p.m. turbine 11

SL47 SN83319.85128 7.26p.m. gateway/track/semi-improved grassland

SL48 SN83231.85157 7.28p.m. track

SL49 SN83203.85224 7.30 - 7.39p.m.

pool

SL49A SN83203.85224 2nd Anabat left on dam, 6.50 - 7.35p.m.

pass at 7.10p.m.

SL50 SN833190.85310 7.42p.m. by new tree planting above pool

SL51 SN83398.85325 7.44p.m. by new tree planting above pool

SL52 SN83419.85253 7.47p.m. track

SL78 SN83673.85336 7.48 - 7.53p.m.


Valley recordings

SL80A SN82797.83758 8.02 - 8.05p.m.


87

SL80B SN82908.83712 8.08 - 8.10p.m.


SL80C SN82908.83703 8.11p.m. pass track, river, 346m

SL80D SN82940.83708 8.15pm. pass track, river, 351m

Appendix 6

Full list of points along transect walks


Dusk/dawn survey

Date: Sunset/sunrise: Start time: Finish time:

Start temp: End temp:

Weather:



Soprano pipistrelle




SL1 SN83241.85800 Track, improved grassland, rush, 489m

SL2 SN82980.85726 Improved grassland on promontory, turbine site, 498m

SL3 SN83048.85856 Improved grassland, 500m

SL4 SN83118.85990 Small Erio ang bog by fence-line, 494m

SL5 SN83074.86052 Acid grassland, turbine site, fence-line (stile), 494m

SL6 SN83150.86229 Dry heath/wet heath, peat cutting, 505m

SL7 SN83238.86447 Molinia, heath and acid grassland, turbine site, 497m

SL8 SN83430.86523 7.10p.m. sloping ground dominated by Molinia, 494m

SL9 SN8364686609 7.15p.m. sloping ground dominated by Molinia, above forest edge, turbine site, 487m

SL10 SN83750.86451 7.20p.m. Pool on high ground, 503m

SL11 SN83910.86311 7.26p.m. Clearfell edge, by small boggy hollow with

90

Rowan/Molinia, 494m

SL11A SN83965.86183 quite pass ? Species


SL12 SN83997.86098 Edge of steep bank above small stream, Molinia, 478m

SL13 SN84068.86002 Fence corner on forest edge, 472

SL14 SN84202.85916 Acid grassland, 485m

SL14A SN84428.85790 pass (2 bats?) Acid grassland and Molinia, near forest edge, 489m

SL15 SN84457.85775 Forest edge, Molinia/acid grassland, 496m

SL16 SN84633.85641 Faint track, Molinia, 487m

SL17 SN84741.85567 Faint track, Molinia, 490m

SL18 SN84851.85379 Knoll, Molinia, 499m

SL19 SN84679.85407 Track, Molinia, 499m

SL20 SN84501.85397 Old track, Molinia/wet heath, 489m

SL21 SN84159.85409 Track, acid grassland, 485m

SL22 SN84149.85617 Track, acid grassland, turbine site, 502m

SL23 SN84102.85800 Track junction, acid grassland, 482m

SL24 SN83967.85706 Pool, 458m

SL25 SN83840.85645 Gateway, track, 477m

SL26 SN83816.85678 Knoll, acid grassland, fence-line, 476m

SL27 SN83737.85794 Fence corner, Rush and Molinia, 475m

SL28 SN83622.85740 Fence corner, Molinia, 485m

91

SL29 SN83511.85761 Molinia, fence-line, 483m

SL1 SN83241.85800 9.02p.m. Track, improved grassland, rush, 489m


Dusk/dawn survey

Date: Sunrise/sunset: Start time: Finish time:


Weather:



Soprano pipistrelle




SL78 SN83673.85336 track, improved grassland, 472m

SL46 SN83336.85049 Acid grassland, turbine 11, 474m

SL47 SN83319.85128 gateway/track/semi-improved grassland, 463m

SL48 SN83231.85157 Track, 437m

SL49 SN83203.85224 Pool, 423m

SL50 SN833190.85310 by new tree planting above pool, 428m

SL51 SN83398.85325 by new tree planting above pool, 436m

SL52 SN83419.85253 Track, 453m

SL53 SN83626.85427 head of rush gully, track, tiny pools, 461m

SL30 SN83521.85569 track junction, 481m

SL31 SN83643.85614 small pool, track, acid grassland, 490m

92

SL25 SN83840.85645 semi-improved grassland, track, 477m

SL32 SN83882.85564 blanket bog/acid grassland, fence-corner, immature forest edge, 474m

SL33 SN83811.85454 immature forest edge, 471m

SL34 SN83708.85302 blanket bog/acid grassland, immature forest edge, 470m

SL35 SN83641.85234 fence-line, acid grassland, gateway, 480m

SL36 SN83713.85038 Gully, pool, rush, 495m

SL37 SN83983.85134 Track, acid grassland, Molinia, 483m

SL38 SN83964.85026 Track, acid grassland, Molinia,485m

SL39 SN83881.84875 Track, head of gully, 491m

SL40 SN84054.84838 Track, Molinia, overlooking steep valley, 491m

SL41 SN84069.84491 Track junction, acid grassland, 521m

SL42 SN83888.84287 Wet heath, turbine site, 552m

SL43 SN83810.84445 Wet heath/Molinia, 538m

SL44 SN83736.84668 Molinia grassland, 518m

SL45 SN83732.84765 fence-line, Molinia grassland, 509m

SL36 SN83713.85038 Gully, pool, rush, 495m

SL35 SN83641.85234 fence-line, acid grassland, gateway, 480m

SL78 SN83673.85336 track, improved grassland, 472m

93


Dusk/dawn survey

Date: Sunset/sunrise: Start time: Finish time:


Weather:



Soprano pipistrelle




SL41 SN84069.84491 Track junction, 521m

SL54 SN84274.84560 Molinia, fence bend, 494m

SL55 SN84585.84472 Wet heath, 498m

SL56 SN84877.84325 Wet heath/ Molinia, 508m

SL57 SN85054.84121 Molinia, 505m

SL58 SN85123.84086 Forest edge, Molinia

SL59 SN85102.83971 Forest edge, Molinia

SL60 SN84879.83938 Heathland, knoll, turbine site, 503m

SL61 SN84754.83989 Heathland, 506m

SL62 SN84547.84075 Molinia, 494m

SL63 SN84478.84124 Valley mire, head of gully, turbine site, 496m

SL64 SN84436.83960 Acid grassland/heath, track junction, 492m

SL65 SN84544.83685 Acid grassland/heathland knoll, 472m

SL66 SN84510.83557 track, gateway, acid grassland, 468m

SL67 SN84574.83448 track, semi-improved grassland, 466m

SL68 SN84740.83336 knoll, semi-improved grassland, 453m

94

SL69 SN84900.83350 9.09p.m. site of T?17, semi-improved grassland, knoll, 462m

SL70 SN84854.83410 semi-improved grassland, knoll, 444m

SL71 SN84775.83444 semi-improved grassland, knoll, 453m

SL72 SN84568.83489 track, semi-improved grassland, acid grassland, 467m

SL66 SN84510.83557 track, gateway, acid grassland, 468m

SL73 SN84285.83697 rushy patch, field corner, fences, 481m

SL74 SN 84088.83779

acid grassland, 490m

SL75 SN83914.83875 Molinia, 510m

SL76 SN83802.83974 turbine site, acid grassland, 524m

SL77 SN83890.84033 track, acid grassland, 525m

SL42 SN83888.84287 Wet heath, turbine site, 552m

SL41 SN84069.84491 Track junction, 521m

appendix 11.17: bat surveys - planning inspectorate · 2016-04-28 · a daytime visit was made to...

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