appendix 4.2 external lighting assessment

Veolia ES Staffordshire Limited Project W2R: Energy Recovery Facility

Appendix 4.2 External Lighting Assessment

Environmental Statement August 2010 Appendix 4.2 External Lighting Assessment

Prepared for

Project W2R: Energy Recovery Facility

External Lighting Assessment

July 2010

Veolia Enviromental Services


Scott Wilson 3

rd Floor

Mayflower House Armada Way Plymouth PL1 1LD Tel 01752 676700 Fax 0870 238 6023 www.scottwilson.com

This document has been prepared in accordance with the scope of Scott Wilson's appointment with its client and is subject to the terms of that appointment. It is addressed to and for the sole and confidential use and reliance of Scott Wilson's client. Scott Wilson accepts no liability for any use of this document other than by its client and only for the purposes for which it was prepared and provided. No person other than the client may copy (in whole or in part) use or rely on the contents of this document, without the prior written permission of the Company Secretary of Scott Wilson Ltd. Any advice, opinions, or recommendations within this document should be read and relied upon only in the context of the document as a whole. The contents of this document do not provide legal or tax advice or opinion. © Scott Wilson Ltd 2010

Revision Schedule External Lighting Assessment July 2010

Rev Date Details Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

01 27.05.10 Draft Bonnie Brooks Assistant Electrical Engineer

Mike Ainger Senior Electrical Engineer

Neil Cumming Technical Director

02 28.05.10 Final Bonnie Brooks Assistant Electrical Engineer



03 26.07.10 Rev 1 Bonnie Brooks Assistant Electrical Engineer





Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary ........................................................................ 1

2 Introduction ..................................................................................... 2

2.1 Scope of External Lighting Report .................................................................................. 2

2.2 Site Location and Description ......................................................................................... 2

2.3 Objectives....................................................................................................................... 2

3 Assessment Methodology .............................................................. 3

4 The Proposed Lighting Scheme..................................................... 4

4.1 Recommended Lighting Values ...................................................................................... 4

4.2 Strategy for Minimising Obtrusive Light & Visual Impact of Lighting Scheme.................. 4

4.3 Strategy for Luminaire Types.......................................................................................... 5

4.4 Part-Lighting Strategy and Luminaire Controls................................................................ 6

4.5 Lighting Strategy for Loading Bays ................................................................................. 6

4.6 Lighting Strategy for Car Parks and Roads within the Site .............................................. 7

5 Assessment of the Impact of the Lighting Scheme...................... 8

6 Conclusions..................................................................................... 9

7 References..................................................................................... 10

8 Bibliography .................................................................................. 11

Drawing E01: Levels of Illuminance

Drawing E02: Sky Glow Calculation

Annex 1: Definitions

Annex 2: Extract from SLL Code for Lighting – Obtrusive – Recommended Lighting Values

Annex 3: Extract from SLL code for Lighting – General Areas in Outdoor Work Places – Recommended Lighting Values

Annex 4: Schedule of Luminaires and Luminaire Details

Annex 5: Relux Calculation Results



Environmental Statement Appendix 4.2: External Lighting Assessment July 2010

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1 Executive Summary

An appropriate lighting scheme for the site has been assessed in order to establish its effects on the surrounding environment and neighbouring properties. The lighting scheme in this report is to be viewed as a lighting design strategy rather than a detailed design solution. It is recommended that the lighting strategy outlined in this report is adopted including criteria, luminaries, switching methods, lamp types etc. by the developer’s designers when undertaking the full external lighting design of the site. This lighting scheme ensures lighting levels at the site boundary will not exceed 5 Lux, except on the site access road. Lighting as proposed will not cause excessive glare to neighbouring residential properties from this site. The majority of the fittings will not be visible to neighbouring domestic properties. Drawing E02 shows that the effect on the night sky will be negligible inside the site and zero outside the site. An adequate and safe level of lighting will be provided for site tasks, amenity and security, whilst maintaining a minimal impact on the site surroundings, environment and neighbouring properties.




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2 Introduction

2.1 Scope of External Lighting Report

This report has been prepared in order to establish the potential effects of the

proposed development’s lighting installation upon the surrounding areas. The report

accompanies the planning application for the proposed Energy Recovery Facility,

hereafter referred to as the ‘site’.

2.2 Site Location and Description

The proposed site is located adjacent to the Four Ashes Industrial Estate, within the district of South Staffordshire. Refer to Figure 1.1 in ES Volume 2 for the site location plan. For the purpose of this report it has been assumed that the site falls into Lighting Class Rural Environmental Zone 1, as for the Four Ashes site lies within a semi-rural area. It is also assumed that there is no Lighting Curfew in place from the Local Planning Authority.

2.3 Objectives

The general objective of this report is to assess the impact of a suitable lighting scheme for the proposed Energy Recovery Facility on the surrounding area and environment. Specific objectives of the proposed lighting scheme when fully designed include:

• To limit light pollution and sky glow.

• To limit obtrusive light, spill light / trespass light and glare to neighbouring land and properties.

• To provide an external lighting strategy and level of illuminance that addresses site security and complies with the police initiative ‘Secured by Design’ approach.

• To provide a safe and adequate level of illuminance for the proposed exterior areas, consisting of entrances/ exits, access routes for cars and lorries, pedestrian and cycle paths, loading bays and lay down areas, car parks and cycle parks, to allow the site to receive deliveries Mon-Fri 0700-1700, Sun and Public Holidays 0900-1700 hrs. After these times no deliveries will be received but there will still be a reduced number of staff working on site throughout the night.

• To provide a safe level of illuminance for movement of lorries, goods and persons.




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3 Assessment Methodology

An appropriate lighting scheme for the site has been assessed using standard industry software Relux. The lighting outputs have been calculated with all the luminaries switched on. However, this level of illuminance will only be during delivery hours. After these times a part lighting strategy will be used throughout the site, as outlined in the report, to further reduce light levels during the night. From these calculations, drawings illustrating the illuminance levels throughout the site and at the boundary have been produced so that the lightings scheme’s impact can be assessed. Refer to Drawing E01 for detail. The calculation model (Lux levels on drawing) does not include the proposed planting / hedgerows / trees, however this is accounted for when assessing and making conclusions about the light spill. Light trespass has been assessed and the line of sight from neighbouring residential properties has also been considered. The sky glow impact from the site has been calculated for the ‘worst case scenario’, with all the luminaries switched on. For detail see Drawing E02. Full calculations have been included in Annex 5.




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4 The Proposed Lighting Scheme

The lighting scheme outlined in this report is to be viewed as a lighting design strategy rather than a detailed design solution.

4.1 Recommended Lighting Values

Lighting levels have been designed in accordance with CIBSE Lighting Guides, SLL Code for Lighting 2006 – Obtrusive Light Guide, Guidance Notes on Reduction of Light Pollution, and BS 5489. The recommended levels according to SLL Code for Lighting – Obtrusive Light Guide (refer to Annex 2 of this report) are as follows:

• Outdoor Car Parks for Rural Environment Zone E1 & E2 is 15 Lux Maintained Average (horizontal) and 5 Lux Maintained Minimum. (Extract BS 5489: Part 9.)

• Area Lighting for Lorry Area is 20-30 Lux Maintained Average (horizontal).

• Area Lighting for Loading Area is 50 Lux Maintained Average (horizontal) and 25 Lux Maintained Minimum (horizontal).

The recommended lighting levels according to SLL Code for lighting – General Areas in Outdoor Work Places (refer to Annex 3) are as follows:

• Walkways exclusively for pedestrians are 5 Lux Maintained Average (horizontal).

• Traffic areas for slowly moving vehicles (max 10 km/h) e.g. bicycles, trucks and excavators is 10 Lux Maintained Average (horizontal).

• Pedestrian passages, vehicle turning, loading and unloading points is 30 Lux Maintained Average (horizontal).

4.2 Strategy for Minimising Obtrusive Light and Visual Impact of Lighting Scheme

Careful consideration has been given to reducing obtrusive light during the night and the visual impact of the lighting scheme during the day, whilst maintaining an adequate level of illuminance for its application on the site. Particular attention has been paid to minimising the presence of the scheme and any intrusion, glare or sky glow produced by the scheme. A majority of the luminaires are to be column mounted. The columns are generally spaced between 15-20m apart and will be 5m high. This is the lowest level possible to




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reduce visual impact whilst being high enough so that delivery vehicles can safely access the site. The column mounted luminaires have been chosen to be as inconspicuous as possible. The luminaire, arm bracket and column shall all be coloured grey. The arm brackets have been kept as short as possible with 0 degrees uplift. The luminaire itself has 0% upward light ratio. It is also fitted with flat glass to reduce the visibility of the light source. Whereever possible luminaires are to be orientated towards the site, away from the land outside the site to make them less intrusive. Luminaires have been chosen that have good light control and cut off angles to reduce light spillage. The red line on drawing E01 represents 5 Lux and the purple, 1 Lux. At worst case, when all the luminaires are on and without taking into account the effect of screening by trees and planting the illuminance level at the badger run and pond area will not exceed 5 Lux. Where possible it has been proposed that dense shrubs and woodland will be planted to help to shield and screen the lighting scheme. All the luminaires are directed at the ground to minimise glare. Few building mounted luminaires have been proposed and these are only in areas that will not cause an impact on the surrounding area outside the site, such as the staff entrances, cycle area, gatehouse and loading bays. Consideration has been given to reducing the extent of illuminance falling on the building façade to reduce the visual impact of the site and buildings from a distance. The lighting impact on the southern side of the site, near to the mitigation land, will be greatly reduced after 2100hrs on weekdays and 1700hrs on weekends, as the lighting in this area will only be needed for security purposes after delivery hours. The southern side of the site is the most environmentally sensitive as it is on the fringe of the industrial estate, so it is proposed that every other luminaire shall be switched off around the perimeter of the road that leads to the tipping hall after delivery times. The luminaires in the loading and stores area, along with the extra luminaires at the entrance to the tipping hall, could also be switched off, to further reduce the impact. It is also proposed that the 3 luminaires along the road outside the tipping hall, closest to the mitigation land, be fitted with back shields to further reduce light spill. The lighting impact from the scheme across the whole site will then be further reduced at 2300hrs when the part lighting strategy is implemented, to reduce the lumen output of the scheme by 40% minimum. Refer to paragraph 4.4.

4.3 Strategy for Luminaire Types

The majority of the site shall be lit using luminaries mounted on 5m columns with 1062mm arm brackets, complemented by wall mounted luminaries where appropriate. Ceramic Metal Halide (CDMT) lamps shall be utilised throughout, this will provide good colour rendering of above 60 Ra to improve visibility and provide a safer environment in line with a ‘secured by design’ approach (colour rendering values from CIBSE SLL Code for Lighting). Using this type of lamp will provide an energy efficient solution as apposed to tungsten halogen and they are also Building Regulations Part L and BREEAM compliant. These luminaries, or equal and approved, have been chosen as they have been designed to be anti light pollution and low glare with good levels of




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efficiency between 68 – 83.6% for the chosen lamp types and low upward light ratio. All the luminaries are IP66 rated and impact resistant. The Arc column mounted luminaire is almost completely recyclable. For specific details, see Annex 4 – Schedule of Luminaries. The lighting strategy shall enhance areas posing a higher risk such as the pedestrian crossings. Specialist Sapphire Zebra luminaires and Belisha Beacons have been proposed for the crossings to improve visibility of pedestrians whilst reducing glare to drivers.

4.4 Part-Lighting Strategy and Luminaire Controls

The lighting will be split into two types of circuits, security lighting and amenity lighting. Amenity lighting will be split further into amenity for deliveries and amenity for staff. This allows for a part-lighting strategy to be adopted across the whole site, thus minimising the light impact on surrounding areas as much as possible. At 2100hrs until dawn a minimum 40% reduction in lumen output from the lighting scheme shall be achieved. As previously discussed in paragraph 4.2, the lumen output on the southern side of the site would be reduced after delivery times, leaving only security lighting switched on. The lighting that shall be switched off on the northern side of the site at 2300hrs should be carefully considered once staff working patterns and areas to be accessed have been established to ensure safe lighting levels are maintained for amenity. A low level of security lighting would therefore be maintained throughout the night. It may also be beneficial to have manual override control of the external lighting at the gatehouse.

Photocells are to be used as a primary control on all exterior lighting so that no luminaries will be left on during daylight hours. In addition, several programmable 7 day time clocks will be wired into the control system so that the amenity lighting circuits can be programmed to turn on/off as and when they are needed to suit the delivery times and working times of the staff.

4.5 Lighting Strategy for Loading Bays

Building-mounted, dark sky compliant luminaries, utilising 250W CDMT lamps, have been selected. They are to be fixed to the building façade in the positions shown on the drawing. The luminaries will be angled at a maximum of 20º above horizontal which will minimise sky glow whilst providing a wide light distribution at ground level reducing shadows produced from obstructions i.e. lorries, parked for loading (2009 SLL). The locations of these luminaires have been carefully chosen to minimise their visibility, as they will be shielded by the other buildings. These luminaires will only be switched on during delivery times.




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4.6 Lighting Strategy for Car Parks and Roads within the Site

Column-mounted, dark sky compliant luminaries, utilising 70W CDMT lamps, have been selected for use in the car parks and on the roads within the site. These would be mounted on heavy duty 5m columns with arm brackets so that they are high enough that they can not be easily tampered with, but are as low as practical to limit their visibility from a distance and overall visual and environmental impact. These luminaries have controlled directional light with zero upward light output to reduce light pollution, light spill and discomfort glare. They will be fitted with flat glass so that the illuminated part of the lantern is less visible. The luminaries have been positioned to keep light spill beyond the site boundary to a minimum. Low level lighting i.e. bollards were considered in these areas but rejected as they produce poor uniformity, are badly affected by obstructions causing shadows and they have poor directional control of light, often directed at 90º to the ground, which makes the light source visible from a distance and can contribute to sky glow. The proposed lighting will also be in keeping with the type of lighting used on Enterprise Drive and the Four Ashes Industrial Estate.




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5 Assessment of the Impact of the Lighting Scheme

Drawing E01 shows the lighting scheme for the site, with the illuminance levels shown throughout the site and at the boundaries. The calculation model was prepared using industry standard software, Relux. It shows that adequate levels of lighting have been achieved on the site with minimal effect on the surrounding area. 5 Lux is the maximum value of illuminance that would be measured at the site boundary, once the proposed site planting / hedgerows are in place. Drawing E02 illustrates the additional sky glow caused by the lighting scheme. This calculation was provided by a simulation of a measuring reference plane approx 50m above the ground. The results show an average illuminance above the site of 0.61 Lux, which will be further reduced at the times when part lighting is adopted. This means that when the site is fully lit the sky glow will be approximately equivalent to the light produced by a full moon at 0.3 Lux, which is very low. The sky glow above the surroundings of the site will be negligible.




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6 Conclusions

By adopting the lighting strategy including criteria, luminaries, switching methods, lamp types, etc. outlined in this report it can be concluded that:

• Lighting levels at the site boundary will not exceed 5 Lux.

• Lighting as proposed would not cause excessive glare to neighbouring domestic properties from this site.

• The majority of the luminaries will not be visible to neighbouring domestic properties.

• The effect on the night sky will be minimal inside the site and zero outside the site.

• The lighting scheme will be energy efficient utilising luminaires with an efficiency of between 68-83.6%, combined with efficient lighting controls and a part-lighting strategy.

• An adequate and safe level of lighting can be provided for site tasks, amenity and security, whilst maintaining a minimal impact on the site surroundings, environment and neighbouring properties.




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7 References

SLL Lighting Handbook 2009. SLL Code of Lighting 2006 CIBSE Obtrusive Light Guide Guide on the limitation of the effects of obtrusive light from outdoor lighting installations 2003. Technical Report 150/2003. CIE.




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8 Bibliography

Lighting Guide LG6 CIBSE 1992. Outdoor Environment. BS 5489 1:2003 and A2:2008. Code of practice for the design of road lighting. BS EN 13201 – Parts 2, 3 & 4 : 2003. Road Lighting. Road Lighting and the Environment. Department of Transport 1993.

Veolia Environmental Services


Environmental Statement August 2010 Appendix 4.2: External Lighting Assessment

Drawing E01: Levels of Illuminance

appendix 4.2 external lighting assessment

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