appendix a: model validation examples · web viewls-dyna parameter description baseline lower bound...
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APPENDIX A: MODEL VALIDATION EXAMPLES
Figure A1. Sedan Model NCAP 50th Belted Driver Baseline FE Model and Test Correlations
Figure A2. Sedan Model NCAP 50th Belted Passenger Baseline FE Model and Test Correlations
Figure A3. Sedan Model NCAP 5th Belted Driver Baseline FE Model and Test Correlations
Figure A4. Sedan Model NCAP 5th Belted Passenger Baseline FE Model and Test Correlations
Figure A5. Sedan Sled Model NCAP 50th Unbelted Driver Baseline FE Model and Test Correlations
Figure A6. Sedan Sled Model NCAP 50th Unbelted Passenger Baseline FE Model and Test Correlations
Figure A7. Sedan Sled Model NCAP 5th Unbelted Driver Baseline FE Model and Test Correlations
Figure A8. Sedan Sled Model NCAP 5th Unbelted Passenger Baseline FE Model and Test Correlations
Table A1. Comparison of sedan joint injury probabilities for belted tests and simulations
50th Belted Driver
50th Belted Passenger
5th Belted Driver
5th Belted Passenger
Averaged Difference
Test Model Test Model Test Model Test ModelP_head 0.000 0.002 0.021 0.007 0.001 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.005P_neck 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
P_Nte 0.066 0.049 0.057 0.075 0.072 0.061 0.061 0.08 0.016P_Ntf 0.057 0.058 0.058 0.056 0.06 0.074 0.053 0.056 0.005P_Nce 0.052 0.043 0.058 0.045 0.066 0.041 0.057 0.04 0.016P_Ncf 0.053 0.041 0.051 0.043 0.058 0.055 0.051 0.062 0.009P_ten 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000P_comp 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
P_chest 0.109 0.068 0.039 0.045 0.113 0.108 0.1 0.046 0.027P_femur 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.007 0.001P_Joint 0.113 0.075 0.062 0.056 0.118 0.116 0.109 0.058 0.032
Table A2. Comparison of SUV joint injury probabilities for belted tests and simulations
50th Belted Driver
50th Belted Passenger
5th Belted Driver
5th Belted Passenger
Averaged Difference
Test Model Test Model Test Model Test ModelP_head 0.003 0.008 0.015 0.045 0.000 0.006 0.004 0.044 0.020P_neck 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.001
P_Nte 0.067 0.064 0.057 0.076 0.000 0.082 0.067 0.066 0.026P_Ntf 0.060 0.067 0.000 0.056 0.069 0.078 0.060 0.064 0.019P_Nce 0.056 0.038 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.038 0.064 0.075 0.034P_Ncf 0.047 0.038 0.000 0.038 0.000 0.040 0.049 0.062 0.025P_ten 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.001P_comp 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
P_chest 0.015 0.029 0.009 0.013 0.055 0.067 0.012 0.035 0.013P_femur 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.010 0.003 0.011 0.004 0.004P_Joint 0.023 0.042 0.028 0.062 0.065 0.077 0.027 0.081 0.030
APPENDIX B: DESIGN PARAMETERS
Table B1. Parameter range for driver simulations
LS-DYNA parameter Description Baseline Lower
boundUpper BoundSedan SUV
DCINCH Cinching plate inactive/active 0/No 0/No 0/No 1/YesDAPTTB Anchor pretensioner no/yes 1/Yes 1/Yes 0/No 1/Yes
DSBLev1 (N) 2850 2000 2000 4000
DSBLev2 (N) 2850 2100 2000 4000
DSBPay1 (mm) N/A 150 100 200
DVentD (mm) Static vent diameters (two holes) 35 38 25 45DVentDD (mm) Dynamic vent diameter (one
hole)0 0 0 50
DVentDT (ms) Dynamic vent time N/A N/A 30 60DtethA (mm) Lower tether length 260 216 100 300DtethC (mm) Upper tether length 290 216 200 300
DMassR Inflator flow scale factor 1 1 0.8 1.2CBL (N) Steering column load 3000 3000 2000 4000
Table B2. Parameter range for passenger simulations
LS-DYNA parameter Description Baseline Lower
boundUpper BoundSedan SUV
PCINCH Cinching plate inactive/active 0/No 1/Yes 0/No 1/YesPAPTTB Anchor pretensioner no/yes 1/Yes 1/Yes 0/No 1/Yes
PSBLev1 (N) 2850 2000 2000 4000
PSBLev2 (N) 2850 2200 2000 4000
PSBPay1 (mm) N/A 100 100 200
PVentD (mm) Static vent diameters(two holes) 60 60 30 90PVentDD (mm) Dynamic vent diameter (one hole) 0 0 0 50PVentDT (ms) Dynamic vent time N/A N/A 50 80PtethA (mm) Upper tether length 460 460 360 560
PMassR Inflator flow scale factor 1 1 0.8 1.2
APPENDIX C: AIRBAG FIRING TIME FOR 55 FIELD CONDITIONS
Red color highlighted simulations may not be long enough to predict the peak of certain injury measure.
Run No. Model Name
Initial Velocity Delta V (m/s) Simulated Crash Duration (ms)
Airbag Deployment Time (ms)
Inflator Stage
1 15mph -6.7056 8.88 148 29 1st Stage2 20mph -8.9408 11.576 148 21 1st Stage3 25mph -11.176 14.24 198 14 Dual Stage4 30mph -13.4112 17.24 148 7 Dual Stage5 35mph -15.6464 19.96 148 9 Dual Stage
6 15mph -6.7056 8.7 148 41 1st Stage7 20mph -8.9408 11.584 148 28 1st Stage8 25mph -11.176 14.32 148 18 Dual Stage9 30mph -13.4112 17.2 148 15 Dual Stage
10 35mph -15.6464 19.65 148 13 Dual Stage
11 15mph -6.7056 7.85 148 32 1st Stage12 20mph -8.9408 10.175 148 24 1st Stage13 25mph -11.176 12.48 148 20 Dual Stage14 30mph -13.4112 15.01 148 17 Dual Stage15 35mph -15.6464 17.73 148 13 Dual Stage
16 20mph -8.9408 9.65 148 44 1st Stage17 25mph -11.176 12.13 148 39 1st Stage18 30mph -13.4112 14.98 148 36 Dual Stage19 35mph -15.6464 17.63 148 34 Dual Stage20 40mph -17.8816 20.31 148 32 Dual Stage
21 15mph -6.7056 7.63 174 56 1st Stage22 20mph -8.9408 10.19 145 47 1st Stage23 25mph -11.176 12.37 118 44 Dual Stage24 30mph -13.4112 15.21 118 30 Dual Stage25 35mph -15.6464 17.84 118 26 Dual Stage
26 15mph -6.7056 9.2 148 21 1st Stage27 20mph -8.9408 12.03 148 14 1st Stage28 25mph -11.176 13.97 198 13 Dual Stage29 30mph -13.4112 17.5 148 11 Dual Stage30 35mph -15.6464 20.34 145 9 Dual Stage
31 15mph -6.7056 8.73 148 38 1st Stage32 20mph -8.9408 11.58 148 35 1st Stage33 25mph -11.176 14.61 148 17 Dual Stage34 30mph -13.4112 17.71 127 14 Dual Stage35 35mph -15.6464 20.7 148 11 Dual Stage
36 15mph -6.7056 8.23 175 28 1st Stage37 20mph -8.9408 10.63 128 18 1st Stage38 25mph -11.176 13.09 172 16 Dual Stage39 30mph -13.4112 15.64 170 11 Dual Stage40 35mph -15.6464 17.75 156 7 Dual Stage
41 15mph -6.7056 7.78 173 41 1st Stage42 20mph -8.9408 10.48 171 42 1st Stage43 25mph -11.176 12.87 134 22 Dual Stage44 30mph -13.4112 14.89 168 20 Dual Stage45 35mph -15.6464 16.92 164 17 Dual Stage
46 15mph -6.7056 6.42 149 33 1st Stage47 20mph -8.9408 8.61 148 24 1st Stage48 25mph -11.176 10.77 148 17 Dual Stage49 30mph -13.4112 12.62 148 13 Dual Stage50 35mph -15.6464 14.81 148 9 Dual Stage
51 15mph -6.7056 6.11 143 42 1st Stage52 20mph -8.9408 8.69 141 31 1st Stage53 25mph -11.176 10.65 148 24 Dual Stage54 30mph -13.4112 13.06 146 19 Dual Stage55 35mph -15.6464 14.86 148 15 Dual Stage
OFFSET
FRONTAL
OFFSET
SILVERADOFRONTAL
OFFSET
TAURUS
YARISFRONTAL
POLE
OFFSET
FRONTALEXPLORER
NCAP
ODB
APPENDIX D: FIELD PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AT BODY REGION LEVLE
86% 95% 99% 86% 95% 99%Current WOUB
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2Head injury counts: risk difference
Belted Unbelted
1.0 .89 .84 1.02 .89 .84
86% 95% 99% 86% 95% 99%Current WOUB
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2Head injury counts: risk ratio
Belted Unbelted
1.0 .89 .84 .60 .47 .42
86% 95% 99% 86% 95% 99%Current WOUB
-0.10.10.30.50.70.91.11.31.5
Neck injury counts: risk difference
Belted Unbelted
1.0 .84 .77 1.41 .99 .80
86% 95% 99% 86% 95% 99%Current WOUB
-0.10.10.30.50.70.91.11.31.5
Neck injury counts: risk ratio
Belted Unbelted
1.0 .84 .77 1.33 .98 .83
86% 95% 99% 86% 95% 99%Current WOUB
0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.4
Thorax injury counts: risk difference
Belted Unbelted
1.0 .85 .78 1.03 .87 .79
86% 95% 99% 86% 95% 99%Current WOUB
0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.4 Thorax injury counts: risk ratio
Belted Unbelted
1.0 .85 .78 1.30 .96 .81
86% 95% 99% 86% 95% 99%Current WOUB
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2KTH injury counts: risk difference
Belted Unbelted
1.0 .88 .83 .71 .77 .80
86% 95% 99% 86% 95% 99%Current WOUB
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2KTH injury counts: risk ratio
Belted Unbelted
1.0 .88 .83 .89 .81 .77