appendix figures and tables · 2019-12-06 · page 1 from 12 appendix – figures and tables figure...
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page 1 from 12
APPENDIX – Figures and Tables
Figure 8. Top 5 food and drink producers in terms of turnover, 2011-2012 (€ billion). Source:
FoodDrinkEurope calculations, based on official national statistics data in 2010
Table 16. R&D private investment in the food and drink industry for the world's top 2,000
companies, 2012. Source: the 2013 EU industrial R&D investment scoreboard, JRC and DG
RTD
Figure 9. Distribution of SMEs and large companies in the EU food and drink industry (%).
Source: Eurostat 2011
Table 17. SMEs in the EU food and drink industry (%). Source: Eurostat 2011
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Figure 10. Top five consumption expenditures of households on goods and services in the EU,
2012 (% of total expenditure). Source: Eurostat
Figure 11. Share of sub-sectors in EU food and drink exports, 2012 (%). Source: Eurostat
2011
Table 18. Exports and imports by sub-sector, 2011-2012 (€ million). Source: Eurostat 2011
page 3 from 12
Figure 12. Trends of R&D and innovation in Europe. Source: Eurostat 2011 (SBS)
Figure 13. Drivers of innovation in Europe, 2012-2013 (%). Source: Eurostat 2011 (SBS)
Figure 14. Flavours - Importance of Major Packaged Food Applications by Region. Source:
Euromonitor International, 2009
Table 19. SWOT and Strategy Analysis of Greece It is necessary to examine the situation in Greece in greater detail. We reach a deeper level of awareness if we understand the past and how it flows into the present and the foreseeable future. So, I try to carry out a SWOT Analysis in the following figure,
identifying the Strengths and Weaknesses, and examining the Opportunities and Threats that Greece faces, as it brings certain
issues to our attention bulleting key factors for the progress and prosperity of Greece. I hope that the analysis worth some serious consideration as a socioeconomic roadmap which create and offer value, and so incomes are returned in Greece with
positive growth national/ domestic product (GNP/GDP) through efficient and stable price and tax policies, with European and
Global cooperation.
page 4 from 12
Internal Strengths Internal Weaknesses
Greece has been blessed in ways though!
▪ Rich and glorious history (soul, spirit),
philosophy (sciences, arts), civilization,
Christian Orthodox spirit
▪ Rich cultural heritage (landscapes with
archaeological sites, historical and important
monuments and museums everywhere)
▪ Strong economic, commercial & political
position between Europe, Asia & Africa
▪ Natural wealth (soil, herbs, minerals, timber,
raw materials, energy sources like sun, wind,
warm, water, sea)
▪ Best quality of major agricultural and
industrial commodities
▪ Strong primary and tertiary sector, shipping
▪ Remarkable Greek SMES (innovation)
▪ Famous destinations of natural beauty &
stunning beaches
On the other hand, negative GNP/GDP due to
▪ Tumultuous history with political,
economic, cultural and social disasters
▪ Corruption/ scandals/ fanaticism of political
parties and ideologies
▪ Weaknesses in the way the economy and
society operate (vicious circle of lending,
unfair laws/policies, savings out of the
country, illegal immigrants )
▪ High cost of energy (expensive energy
mainstream)
▪ Low Exports but High imports
▪ Low Investment/ Profits of business firms (
high interests/ taxes)
▪ High unemployment under graduation
▪ Low Consumption (low wages/salaries,
high taxes)
External Opportunities considering each strength-opportunity considering each weakness-opportunity
There are opportunities for success in
▪ international cooperation/ dealing with EU,
globally
▪ Market of free movement of
goods/funds/overseas investments
▪ New technologies (cheaper transportation and
communication)
▪ Alternative energy sources (solar, wind,
water)
▪ Modern industrialized countries with no or
depleted natural wealth
▪ Promising emerging aquaculture industry/
generic medicinal products
▪ Health awareness for high quality of food and
beverages
▪ Tourism
▪ Focus on human rights, peace and security,
freedom and democracy in Europe
▪ Investments in new technologies/ research,
more efficient systems and processes
▪ Entrance into new markets promoting quality
of Greek products
▪ Pursue cooperation of local competitors for
exports/ investments/ advertising
▪ Utilization of natural wealth, investments in
products with health benefits, pharmaceutical
industry, generic medicinal products
▪ Investments in dynamic sectors (aquaculture
industry)
▪ Promoting tourism in Greece and local
products (upgrade infrastructures, cruise &
sailing, emerging health tourism)
▪ Continuous control of legal and social
rights, ethical consideration of the leaders
and citizens/ international cooperation
▪ Investments in new technologies &
Transparency-Quality-Reliability (fair
laws/policies for a friendly and stable
business environment, stable investment
climate)
▪ Investments in switching to alternative
energy (sun, water, wind)
▪ Continuous intensive support mechanisms
for exports promoting quality of Greek
products/ efficient tariff policy for imported
products
▪ Intensives for private investments
▪ Funds, grants, tax and financial incentives
for creation and development of business
creating vacancies
▪ Product/services differentiation with many
options in different price classes
External Threats considering each strength-threat considering each weakness-threat
But the problem appears to lie in
▪ Global economic crisis (corruption/scandals)
- economic interdependency
▪ Sterile technocratic/consumerist spirit without
ethic
▪ Prevalence of material values and
individualism
▪ Derailing freedom and democracy/ respect of
human rights
▪ Negative impact of globalization (lose
nation’s identity, culture& language)
▪ Misinformation from the Media
▪ Increasing social problems (energy, violence,
racism etc.)
▪ Environmental contamination from industries,
chemical products
▪ Continuous control of legal and social rights,
ethical consideration of the leaders and
citizens/ international cooperation
▪ Focus on substantive contact with tradition
(language, culture, art, customs, beliefs,
legends, religion, style, ethos, way of life)
▪ Serious reconsideration of civilization/human
rights
▪ Investments in switching to alternative energy
(sun, water, wind)
▪ Environment consciousness/ protection at
educational/business environment
▪ Allowances for destitute, unemployed,
pensioners, people with disabilities
▪ Promoting quality of Greek products &
famous destinations
▪ National and historical awareness, ethical
consideration, spirit of patriotism (love for
homeland) no fanaticism at
educational/business environment
▪ Check in historic lending, public
expenditure, schedule's finish lending,
efficient and fairly fiscal policy (VAT,
income tax, property/real estate taxes)
▪ Investments in switching to alternative
energy (sun, water, wind)
▪ Transparency-Quality-Reliability (fair
laws/policies for a friendly and stable
business environment, stable investment
climate)
▪ Discouraging tax evasion, arbitrariness,
corruption and opacity with stiff
fines/imprisonment
▪ Assessment the cost of Illegal immigrants’
issue and cooperation with EU
▪ Promoting quality of Greek products &
famous destinations
page 5 from 12
Table 20. The Greek General Chart of Accounts
GREEK GENERAL CHART OF ACCOUNTS
BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS
ACCOUNTS OF ASSETS ACCOUNTS OF LIABILITIES
Intangible Assets Inventories Receivables
Shareholders' Equity
– Provisions – Long-
Term Liabilities
Current Liabilities
GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP 5
10. Land 20. Merchandise 30. Trade debtors 40. Share Capital 50. Suppliers
11. Buildings and
technical works
21. Finished and semi-
finished products
31. Cheques receivable 41. Revaluation
Reserves-Investment
Grants
51. Cheques payable
12. Machinery,
technical installations,
and other mechanical
equipment
22. By-products and
residues
32. Overseas orders 42. Reserves 52. Bank loans
13. Transportation
equipment
23. Work in process
(etc products being
processed)
33. Sundry debtors 43. Amounts intended for
capital increase
53. Sundry creditors
14. Furniture and
fixtures
24. Raw and auxiliary
materials-consumables-
spare parts and packing
items
34. Securities 44. Provisions 54. Taxes-duties
15. Payments on
account and tangible
assets in course of
construction
25. Expendable
Materials
35. Cheques overdue 45. Long-term debt 55. Social security
16. Investments held as
fixed assets
26. Spare parts for fixed
assets
36. Prepayments and
Accrued Income
46. ………… 56. Suspense
liabilities
17. Other intangible
assets
27. …………… 37. ……… 47. ………… 57. ……………
18. Participating
interests in affiliated
undertakings
28. Types of packaging 38. Cash and cash
equivalents
48. Accounts linked with
branches
58. Dividends
payable
19. fixed assets of
branches or other
centers
29. Inventories of
branches or other
centers
39. Requirements and
Receivables of branches
or other centers
49. Predictions for long-
term obligations of
branches or other centers
59. Short-term
obligations of
branches or other
centers
page 6 from 12
Table 21. The Greek General Chart of Accounts is continued
GREEK GENERAL CHART OF ACCOUNTS
Analytical
Accounting Operating
(accounts at destination)
Memo. Accounts ACCOUNTS OF OPERATING
Operating Expenses Operating Income Accounts Results
GROUP 6 GROUP 7 GROUP 8 GROUP 9 GROUP 10
60. FEES and costs of
personnel
70. Sales 80. General holding 90. Medians accounts 00. ……………
61. Fees and expenses of
third
71. Sales of finished and
unfinished products
81. Extraordinary and
non-operating results
91. Reclassification costs
–purchases and revenues
01. Alternative
assets
62. Third party services 72. Sales of other stocks
and scrap material
82. Prior years’
Revenues and expenses
92. Cost centers 02. Guarantees and
real securities
63. Taxes-Duties 73. Sales services
(revenue services)
83. Forecasts for
extraordinary risks
93. Cost of production 03. Bilateral
agreements
64. Miscellaneous
expenditure
74. Grants and various
sales revenue
84. Revenue from
previous years ' forecasts
94. Inventories 04. Another Debit
Memo. Accounts
65. Interest expense and
similar charges
75. Income of incidental
occupations
85. Depreciation of fixed
assets not included in
operating cost
95. Deviations from
standard costs
05. Beneficiaries of
asset items
66. Depreciation of assets 76. Interest and similar
income
86. Profit and loss
account
96. Revenues - mixed
analytical results
06. Other Credit
Memo. Accounts
67. Distribution costs 77. ………………. 87. …………….. 97. Differences in
acceptance and allocation
07. Bilateral
agreements
68. Provisions 78. Self-generation of
fixed assets and used
operating forecasts
88. Results for disposal 98. Analytical Results 08. Accounts of
receivable
information
69. Organic expenses by
type of branches or other
centers
79. Organic revenues by
type of branches or other
centers
89. Balance sheet 99. Internal links 09. Memo.
Accounts of branches
or other centers
page 7 from 12
Table 22. Greek Food and Drink sector presented
Table 23. the three competitors worldwide: the Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo and the
Nestlé.- Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/
The Coca Cola Company PepsiCo Inc. Nestlé S.A.
Type Public Public Société Anonyme
Traded as NYSE: KO Dow Jones Component S&P 500 Component
NYSE: PEP NASDAQ: PEP S&P 500 Component
SIX: NESN OTC Markets Group: NSRGY
Industry Beverage Foods, Beverages Food processing
Founded 1892 North Carolina, U.S. (1965) Vevey, Switzerland (1866)
Founder(s) Asa Candler Donald Kendall, Herman Lay Henri Nestlé
Headquarters Coca-Cola headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Purchase, New York, United States
Vevey, Switzerland
Area served Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
100% beverages 37% beverages and 63% foods
27% drinks, 26% dairy and food products, 18% ready-prepared dishes and ready-cooked dishes, 12% chocolate, 11% pet products, 6% pharmaceutical products and 2% baby milks
Key people Muhtar Kent (Chairman & CEO)
Indra Nooyi (Chairman & CEO)
Peter Brabeck-Letmathe(Chairman), Paul Bulcke (CEO)
Revenue US$ 35.119 billion(2010) US$ 57.838 billion(2010) CHF 109.72 billion (2010)
Operating income
US$ 8.449 billion (2010) US$ 8.332 billion (2010) CHF 16.19 billion (2010)
Net income US$ 11.809 billion (2010) US$ 6.338 billion (2010) CHF 34.23 billion (2010)
Total assets US$ 72.921 billion (2010) US$ 68.153 billion (2010) CHF 111.64 billion (end 2010)
Total equity US$ 31.317 billion (2010) US$ 21.476 billion (2010) CHF 62.60 billion (end 2010)
Employees 139,600 (2010) 294,000 (2010) 281,000 (2010)
Website TheCoca-ColaCompany.com PepsiCo.com www.nestle.com
page 8 from 12
Table 24. The Coca-Cola Company had equity positions in 51 unconsolidated bottling, canning
and distribution operations which produced approximately 58% of volume. Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/
Significant investees include:
Company %
owned
% of
market Area
Coca-Cola Hellenic 23% 100% Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech
Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova,
Montenegro, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Poland, Rep. of Ireland, Romania,
Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine
67% Italy
Coca-Cola Enterprises 36% 78% United States
98% Canada
100% Great Britain (but not Northern Ireland)
100% Continental France, Benelux, Monaco
FEMSA 40% 48% Mexico
16% Brazil
98% Colombia
47% Guatemala
100% Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Venezuela
30% Argentina
Coca-Cola Amatil 34% 98% Indonesia
100% Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Fiji and Papua New Guinea
Coca-Cola Bottling Co. 27.3%
United States
Embotellodora Andina 11%
Chile, Argentina, and part of Brazil
Coca-Cola du Canada,
Ltée
Quebec
Coca-Cola Philippines 100% 100% Philippines
Coca-Cola Içecek 20% 100% Azerbaijan, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan,
Turkey, Turkmenistan
page 9 from 12
Table 25. Main competitors. Source: personal estimates
COMPARISON PROFILE OF MAIN COMPETITORS
MAIN FACTORS
Founded 1969 (2000 as Hellenic Bottling
Company S.A.)
N/A
1950
Type S.A. (corporation) Subsidiaries of PepsiCo Beverage Company
Origin Multinational Multinational Purely Greek
(before Marousi, Athens, Greece)
Switzerland
New York, United States Patras, Peloponisos, Greece
Product portfolio
100 % beverages:
64% of sparkling beverages,
15% of still beverages (such as
iced tea, juice, sports and energy
drinks, iced coffee) and
21% of natural mineral, table and
flavoured waters
37 % beverages
63% foods -snacks
(such as Juice, RTD tea,
cola, snacks, dairy)
100 % beverages
(Sparkling beverages and
Juices)
Geographical presence
(sales volume)
28 countries
Established markets: Austria,
Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Northern
Ireland, Republic of Ireland,
Switzerland
Developing markets: Baltics
(Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania),
Croatia, Czech Republic,
Hungary, Poland, Slovakia,
Slovenia
Emerging markets: Armenia,
Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, FYROM, Moldova,
Montenegro, Nigeria, Romania,
Russia, Serbia, Ukraine
Subsidiaries in
Western Europe:
Austria, Cyprus, Greece,
Italy, Eastern Europe:
Czech Republic, Poland,
Slovakia, Romania,
Russia, Ukraine, Central
Asia, Arabia
Greece, Cyprus, Italy,
Albania, Germany, United
Kingdom, Canada, USA,
South Korea,
Islands of Mayotte
Listed company on the
Stock Exchange
Athex: EEEK,LSE: CCB, NYSE:
CCH
N/A N/A
Key people Dimitris Lois (CEO),
George A. David (Chairman)
N/A Marlafekas
Website www.coca-colahellenic.gr
www.coca-colahellenic.com
http://www.pepsico-
ivi.gr/
http://www.pepsico.com.
gr/
http://www.loux.gr/
Quality and nutritional
system
ISO Quality standards
HACCP
ISO Quality standards
HACCP
ISO Quality standards
HACCP
\
page 10 from 12
Table 26. Main Greek SMEs in Food and Drink sector. Source: personal estimates
Greek SMEs IN BEVERAGE INDUSTRY
MAIN
FACTORS
Founded 1950 1924 1926 1959
Type Beverage Company Beverage Company Beverage Company
Green Cola Company SA
Origin Purely Greek Purely Greek Purely Greek Purely Greek
Patras, Peloponisos Agria, Volos
Trikala - Larissa ΕPAP - Green Cola
Subsidiary in Orestiada,
Evros
Ε.Α.S.(Union of
Agricultural Cooperatives)
in Argolida,
Marousi, Athens
Flavors Orange, Lemon,
Cherry, Peach,
Apple, carrot, grape,
pineapple, grapefruit,
kiwi, passion fruit,
mango, Cola,
Cocktail of fruits
Orange, Lemon, Cherry,
Peach, Apple, Cola,
Cranberry- Rooibos,
green tea
Orange, Lemon,
Cherry, Peach, Apple,
Cocktail of fruits
(nectar)
Orange, Lemon, Cherry,
Peach, Apple, carrot, grape,
pear, strawberry, pineapple,
grapefruit, Tomato,
banana,kiwi, Pomegranate,
cranberry,craspberry,bluebe
rry, blackcurrant,
Mandarin,Tangerine,
Sanguini, Cocktail of fruits
(nectar), Cola with stevia
Product
portfolio
100 % beverages
(with stevia)
((non)/Sparkling
beverages and Juices)
100 % beverages
(light with stevia)
((non)/Sparkling
beverages, Juices and
Tea)
100 % beverages
(Sparkling beverages,
Juices and Tea)
100 % beverages
(Sparkling beverages and
Juices)
Geographical
presence (sales
volume)
Greece, Cyprus, Italy,
Albania, Germany,
United Kingdom,
Canada, USA, South
Korea,
Islands of Mayotte
Greece, Australia,
Belgium, China, Cyprus,
France, Germany, Great
Britain, Holland, Italy,
Romania, Sweden,
Swittzreland, USA
Greek and foreign
markets
Greece, Balcans, Midle
East, China, USA, Algeria,
Australia, Belgium,
Seychelles, Bulgaria,
Romania, Jordania, Ghana,
Cyprus, Israil
Listed
company on the
Stock Exchange
N/A N/A N/A N/A
Key people Marlafekas Moskachlaidis Brothers
and Mr. Nikos Tsaoutos
Kliafa Thodoris and
John
Ε.Α.S. Argolidas
Antonopoulo Sp. ΕPAP -
Green Cola, Venieri P.
Website http://www.loux.gr/ http://epsa.gr/
http://www.kliafa.gr/ www.greencola.gr/
http://greencola.com/
http://www.easa.gr/
Quality and
nutritional
system
ISO Quality
standards
HACCP
ISO Quality standards
HACCP – IFS
certificates
ISO Quality standards
HACCP
ISO Quality standards
HACCP
page 11 from 12
Table 27. Main Greek SMEs in Food and Drink sector- New entrance in soft drinks and tea
market. Source: personal estimates
SMEs IN BEVERAGE INDUSTRY
New entrance in soft drinks and tea market
MAIN
FACTORS
Founded 1990 1928 1916
Type Epirotic Bottling
Industry S.A.
(VIKOS S.A.)
Beverage Company Mineral Water Bottling
Enterprise
Macedonia and Thrace
Brewery,
TUVUNU S.A.(2013)
Origin Purely Greek Purely Greek Purely Greek Purely Greek
Zagorochoria,
Perivleptos, Ioannina
Gerani. Chania, Island of
Crete
Thessaloniki-
Chalkidiki
Komotini, Evros
Flavors Orange, Lemon,
Cherry, Peach, Cola,
green tea
Orange, Lemon, Peach,
Beeral: Local
exclusiveness
Orange, Lemon-LIme,
Peach, green tea
Product
portfolio
100 % natural
mineral water &
beverages
(natural mineral
water, from the
homonymous source,
(non)/Sparkling
beverages, Juices and
Tea)
100 % beverages
(light with stevia)
((non)/Sparkling
beverages, Juices and
Tea)
100 % natural mineral
water & beverages
(natural mineral water,
Sparkling beverages
and Tea)
100 % beverages
(beer, Sparkling water
and Tea)
Geographical
presence (sales
volume)
Greek and foreign
markets
Greek and foreign
markets
Greek and foreign
markets
Greek and foreign
markets
Listed
company on the
Stock Exchange
N/A N/A N/A N/A
Key people Anagnostakis M.
Website http://www.vikoswat
er.gr/
http://www.gerani-
softdrinks.gr/
http://www.souroti.gr/ http://www.verginabeer
.com/
http://www.tuvunu.co
m/
Quality and
nutritional
system
ISO Quality
standards
HACCP
ISO Quality standards
HACCP
ISO Quality standards
HACCP
ISO Quality standards
HACCP
page 12 from 12
Figure 15.
Figure 16.