appendix i: permission to use instruments

219

Appendix I: Permission to use instruments

Ref.

no.

Name of instruments Permission to use

1 Duke Social Support Index (DSSI) Permission to use original English DSSI was obtained from Professor Koenig on 24/09/2009.

The Chinese translation of the DDSI is verified by the expert committee of five bilingual

welfare workers and Prof. Koenig was informed its use.

2 Hamon Filial Responsibility

Scale(HFRS)

Permission to use original English HFRS scale was obtained from Professor Hamon on

24/09/2009. The Chinese translation of the HFRS was verified by the expert committee of five

bilingual welfare workers and Professor Hamon was informed its use.

3 Modified Barthel Index(MBI) Request to use the Chinese MBI was obtained from Prof Chen on 02/10/2009.

4 Lawton Instrumental Activities of

Daily Living Scale (IADL)

Request to use the Chinese IADL was obtained from Prof Man on 02/10/2009.

5 Geriatric Depression Scale Short

Form (GDS-SF)

Permission to use the Chinese versions of GDS-SF was obtained from Prof Mui on 25/09/2009

6 Vancouver Index of Acculturation

(VIA)

Permission to use both English and Chinese versions of VIA was obtained from Assistant

Professor Ryder on 22/09/2009

7 Modified Community Service

Attitude Inventory (MCSAI)

Permission to use both English and Chinese versions of CSAI was obtained from Dr. Goh on

22/09/2009.

8 Barriers to Service Use (BSU) Permission to use both English and Chinese versions of BSU was obtained from Professor Lai

on 22/06/2009.

1. Koenig HG, Westlund R, Georgc LK, et al. (1993). Abbreviating the Duke social support index for use in chronically ill elderly individuals. Psychosomalics, 34:

61-69.

2. Hamon, R. R.,& Blieszner, R. (1990). Filial responsibility expectations among adult child-older parent pairs. Journal of Gerontology, 45: 110-112.

3. Leung, Chan & Shah (2007). Development of a Chinese version of the Modified Barthel Index-Validity and reliability. Clinical Rehabilitation, 21:912-922.

4. Tong A.Y.C. & Man, D.W.K. (2002).The validation of the Hong Kong Chinese Version of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale for the

Institutionalized Elderly Persons. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 22(4), 132-142.

5. Mui AC. (1996). Geriatric Depression Scale as a community screening instrument for elderly Chinese immigrants. International Psychogeriatrics, 8(3):445-458.

6. Ryder, A. G., Alden, L. E., & Paulhus, D. L. (2000). Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality,

self-identity, and adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 49–65

7. Soon, N. G. (2007). Factors affecting the utilization of post acute care by the elderly in Singapore. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Melbourne.

8. Lai, D. W., & Chau, S. B. (2007). Effects of service barriers on health status of older Chinese immigrants in Canada. Social Work, 52(3), 261-269.

220

Appendix II: Questionnaire Questionnaire number:____________

Interview Date:____________

Aged Care Utilisation among the Chinese elderly in Australia

A. Demographics Part I:

First of all, I would like to ask you some questions related to your personal

background.

1. Gender of the respondent (For interviewer to fill out, no need to ask verbally)

1. Male

2. Female

2. What is your year of birth? _____________

3. What is your current marital status?

1. Married or de facto

2. Separated

3. Divorced

4. Single (never married)

5. Widowed

4. Are you a ………?

1. Australian citizen by birth (Go to Question 7)

2. Naturalized Australian citizen (Go to Question 5)

3. Permanent resident (Go to Question 5)

4. Visitor (Go to Question 7)

5. Others (Specify)________________

5. Which of the following immigration categories do you belong to?

1. Parent Visa

2. Contributory Parent Visa

3 Independent professional immigrant

4. Business investment

5. Retirement

6. Refugee claimant

7. Other (Specify) ________________

221

6. In what year did you first immigrate to Australia? _______________

7. How long have you been living in Australia? __________________Years

8. Where were you born?

1. Born in Australia

2. Mainland China

3. Malaysia

4. Singapore

5. Hong Kong

6. Taiwan

7. Vietnam

8. Cambodia

9. Indonesia

10.Others (Specify)__________________

9. (For immigrants only) Would you like to return to your home country to live

permanently?

1. Yes (Why?)________________ 2. No. (Why?) ________________

3. Not sure

10. Do you speak English?

1. Vey well 2. Well

3. Not well 4. Not at all

11. What language(s) or Chinese dialect(s) do you speak at home? (Check all answers

that apply)

1. Cantonese

2. Mandarin

3. Hakka

4. Teochew

5. Hokkien

6. Wu/Shanghai

7. English

8. Other (specify) ________________

222

12. Who are you living with now? (Check all items that apply)

Yes Number

1. Spouse/Partner

2. Sibling

3. Son

4. Daughter

5. Son-in-law

6. Daughter-in-law

7. Grandchildren

8. Other relative

9. Friend

10. Alone Not applicable

11. Other(Specify)

______________

13. If you could have it the way you want, which of the following living arrangements

would you like?

1. live with your children in the same household (including in-law suites)

2. live nearby to your children but in separate household

3. live separately not nearby to your children

4. live with other seniors (retirement village )

5. Other (specify) ____________________

14. What is your highest education level?

1. No formal education

2. Primary

3. Secondary

4. High school

5. College/TAFE

6. Undergraduate

7. Master or above

8. Other (specify) ____________________

15. What is your religion?

1. None

2. Catholic

3. Christian

4. Taoist

5. Buddhist

6. Ancestor worship

7. Muslim

8. Others (specify _________________)

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B. Physical Function and availability of informal care

Do you need any help in the following daily living activities?

ADL If assistance required (Tick one)

1. Feeding：Do you need

assistance when you eat?

1. Feeds self without assistance

2. helps with cutting meat or buttering bread

3. needs someone to assist in feeding

2. Transfers:

Do you need assistance in

moving from bed to chair?

1. Independent

2. Minor help (verbal or physical)

3. Major help (one or two people, physical), can sit

4. Unable, no sitting balance

3. Grooming:

1. Independent (face/hair/teeth/shaving)

2. Needs some help with above tasks

4. Toilet use:


toileting?

1. Independent (on and off, dressing, wiping)

2. Needs some help, but can do something alone

3. Dependent

5. Bathing：Do you need

assistance in bathing?

1. Independent (or in shower)

2. Dependent

6. Mobility (on level surfaces):


walking?

1. Independent (but may use any aid) > 50 meters

2. walks with help of one person (verbal or physical) > 50 meters

3. immobile or < 50 meters

7. Stairs: Do you need

assistance in climbing or

descending one flight of stairs?

1. Independent

2. Needs help (verbal, physical, carrying aid)

3. Unable to climb or descend one flight of stairs

8. Dressing:


dressing?

1. Independent (including buttons, zips, laces, etc.)

2. Needs help but can do about half unaided

3. Dependent

9. Bowels:

1. Continent

2. Occasional accident

3. Incontinent (or needs to be given enemas)

10. Bladder:

1. Continent

2. Occasional accident

3. Incontinent, or catheterized and unable to manage alone

224

IADL If assistance required (Tick one)

11. Ability to use

telephone

1. Operates telephone on own initiative-looks up and dials

numbers, etc.

2. Dials a few well-known numbers

3. Answers telephone but does not dial

4. Does not use telephone at all

12. Shopping：

1. Independent

2. Shops independently for small purchases

3. Needs to be accompanied on any shopping Trip

4. Completely unable to shop

13. Food Preparation: 1. Plans, prepares and serves adequate meals independently

2. Prepares adequate meals if supplied with ingredients

3. Heats, serves and prepares meals but does not maintain adequate diet

4. Needs to have meals prepared and served

14. Housekeeping:

1. Maintains house alone or with occasional assistance (e.g. "heavy

work domestic help")

2. Performs light daily tasks such as dish washing, bed making

3. Performs light daily tasks but cannot maintain acceptable level

of cleanliness

4. Needs help with all home maintenance tasks

5. Does not participate in any housekeeping tasks

15. Laundry：

1. Does personal laundry completely

2. Launders small items-rinses stockings, etc.

3. All laundry must be done by others

16. Mode of

transportation:

1. Drives own car

2. Travels independently on public transportation or taxi

3. Arranges own travel via taxi, but does not otherwise use public

transportation

4. Travel limited to taxi or automobile with assistance of another

or on public transportation when accompanied by another

5. Does not travel at all

17. Responsibility for own

medications

1. Is responsible for taking medication in correct dosages at correct

time

2. Takes responsibility if medication is prepared in advance in

separate dosage

3. Is not capable of dispensing own medication

4. Not applicable

18.Ability to handle

finances

1. Manages financial matters independently (budgets, writes

checks, pays rent, bills, goes to bank), collects and keeps track of

income

2. Manages day-to-day purchases, but needs help with banking,

major purchases, etc.

3. Incapable of handling money

225

19. In general, would you say your health is:

1. Excellent

2. Very good

3. Good

4. Fair

5. Poor

20. Compare to one year ago, how would you rate your health in general now?

1. Much better now than one year ago

2. Somewhat better now than one year ago

3. About the same as one year ago

4. Somewhat worse now than one year ago

5. Much worse now than one year ago

21. During the past 4 weeks, do you need more assistance in performing the above ADL

and IADL tasks?

1. No

2. Need some more assistance

3. Need a lot more assistance

22. Is there someone who would give you any help at all if you were sick or disabled; for

example, your husband/wife, a member or your family, or a friend?

1. Yes --- If "yes" ask Question 23

2. No one willing and able to help --- Go to next section

23. If there is someone who would take care of you, please indicate who is the person and

availability of care time.

Care

provider

Time Commitments (Please tick one)

Can help as long as

you need

Can help only for a

short time(a few weeks

to six months)

Can help

now and

then

1. Spouse/Partner

2. Sibling

3. Son

4. Daughter

5. Son-in-law

6. Daughter-in-law

7. Grandchildren

8. Other relative

9. Friend

10. Others

(specify_________)

226

C. The following questions are about your perceptions towards

aged care use

1. Have you used or heard of the following aged care services?

Aged Care Services Used

services

Heard of

services

Yes

1

No

0

Yes

1

No

0

1. Services from senior centre/club

2. Adult day program/Plan Activity Group(PAG)

3. Royal District Nursing Services

4. Community Health Centre (i.e. Physiotherapist,

Podiatrist, Dietician)

5. Home care services (i.e. household chores, meals

preparation)

6. Personal care services (i.e. bath/shampoo)

7. Home maintenance

8. Meals-on-wheels

9. Respite Care

10. Friendly Visiting

11.Telelink

12.Transport

13.Aged Care Assessment Service

13.1 Community Aged Care Packages

13.2 Extended Aged Care at Home

13.3 Hostel

13.4 Nursing Home

14. Others (Specify: __________________)

2. If you have heard of the above aged care services, where/ whom do you know

these services?

1. Families and friends

2. General Practitioner

3. Hospital

4. Seminar/ Forum /Exposition

5. Government departments (eg city council)

6. Community Health Centres

7. Social Services organisations

8. Media (eg. newspaper, radio, television)

9. Others

227

3. Do you know how to apply these services?

1. Yes, I know

2. I only know how to apply some of these services

3. I do not know how to apply

4. Imagine that you are ageing and become frail, which following mode of care were you

to consider using?

1. Living at home and cared only by families and friends (not using services)

(Please answer Q6)

2. Living at home and using some of home and community care services

(Please answer Q5)

3. Moving to hostels or institutions where someone can provide care

(Please answer Q6)

4. Do not know (Please answer Q6)

5. If you choose to live at home and use some of home and community care services,

which following services were you to consider using?

6. Imagine that your health were deteriorating and would need a lot of assistance in

bathing, toileting and walking, which following mode of care were you to consider

using?

1. Living at home and cared only by families and friends (not using services)

2. Living at home and using community aged care packages (Case management)

3. Moving to nursing homes

4. Do not know

Home and Community Care Services Please

Tick 1. Adult day program/Plan Activity Group(PAG) 2. Royal District Nursing Services 3. Community Health Centre (i.e. Physiotherapist, Podiatrist,

Dietician)

4. Home care services (i.e. household chores, meals preparation) 5. Personal care services (i.e. bath/shampoo) 6. Home maintenance 7. Meals-on-wheels 8. Respite Care 9. Friendly Visiting 10.Telelink 11.Transport

228

7. Which of the following are reasons for you in not using aged care services?

Yes

1

No

0

1. Do not know about existing aged care services. 2. You can take care of yourself well. 3. Your families can look after you. 4. You are in good health now. 5. Feeling awkward to ask for help 6. Feeling ashamed. 7. You worry that you are being seen as having problems. 8. Staff and workers are not Chinese. 9. Staff and workers do not understand your culture. 10. Staff and workers do not speak your language. 11. Services are not specialized for Chinese.(eg Chinese meals) 12. There is no other Chinese clients/users. 13. The office hours are inconvenient. 14. The waiting list is too long. 15. The procedures of using the services are complicated. 16. Bad experience heard from others. 17. The services are too expense. (Cannot afford to pay) 18. Not satisfied with the services 19. Transportation difficulties. 20. Others_____________________(specify)

8. Attitudes towards service use

Please use the following scale to indicate how much you agree with the following

statements. Circle your response.

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Disagree Agree

1 2 3 4 5

1. I trust people from these services to care for me 2. People outside my family will have a different

opinion of me if I use these service.

3. Families should not use these services to care for

an elderly relative

4. I do not want others to know my condition

229

5. I am fearful of having people from these services

taking care of me

6. It is hard to trust someone from these services to

care for me

7. People from these services might be better at

caring for my relative

8. My family would worry about my safety when

someone else is taking care of me

9. I would rather ask my family for help rather than

use these services

10. I would rather ask my friend for help rather than

use these services

11. I believe in the idea that families should care for

their own elderly relative and not ask for outside

help

12. I am proud of my family being able to care for me

with little help from the services

13. I feel good about using these service to help care

for me

14. I think my family should care for me without help

from these service

15. It is the government’s responsibility to help my

family find ways to care for me

16. I would use more services if the government help

to make them more affordable

17. Government should do more to help families care

for their older relative at home

D. The following questions are about your recent emotional

status and your social support.

1. During the past week …………….

Yes

1

No

0

1. Are you basically satisfied with your life? 2. Have you dropped many of your activities and interests? 3. Do you feel that your life is empty? 4. Do you often get bored? 5. Are you in good spirits most of the time? 6. Are you afraid that something bad is going to happen to you? 7. Do you feel happy most of the time? 8. Do you often get restless and fidgety? 9. Do you frequently worry about the future?

230

10. Do you feel you have more problems with memory than most? 11. Do you often feel downhearted and blue? 12. Do you feel pretty worthless the way you are now? 13. Do you think that most people are better off then you are? 14. Do you frequently get upset over little things? 15. Do you frequently feel like crying?

3. Social Support

None 1-2 More

than 2

1. Other than members of your family how many

persons in your local area do you feel you can

depend on or feel very close to?

0-1 time 2-5times 6 and

more

2. How many times during the past week did you

spend time with someone who does not live with

you, that is, you went to see them or they came to

visit you or you went out together?

3. How many times did you talk to someone

(friends, relatives or others) on the telephone in

the past week (either they called you, or you

called them)?

4. About how often did you go to meetings of

clubs, religious meetings, or other groups that

you belong to in the past week

Hardly

ever

Some of

the time

Most of

the time

5. Does it seem that your family and friends

(people are who important to you) understand

you?

6. Do you feel useful to your family and friends

(people important to you)?

7. Do you know what is going on with your family

and friends?

8. Do you feel that you have a definite role

(place) in your family and among your friends?

9. When you are talking with your family and

friends, do you feel you are being listened ?

10. Can you talk about your deepest problems

with at least some of your family and friends most

of the time, some of the time, or hardly ever?

231

Very

dissatisfied

Somewhat

dissatisfied

Satisfied

11. How satisfied are you with the kinds of

relationships you have with your family and

friends?

E. Acculturation: VIA

Please use the following scale to indicate how much you agree with the following


1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Neutral/depends Agree Strongly

Disagree Agree

1 2 3 4 5

1. I often participate in my Chinese traditions. 2. I often participate in mainstream Australian cultural

traditions.

3. I enjoy social activities with people from a Chinese

background as myself.

4. I enjoy social activities with typical Australian people. 5. I am comfortable working with people of a Chinese

background as myself.

6. I am comfortable working with typical Australia people. 7. I enjoy entertainment (e.g., movies, music) from Chinese

culture.

8. I enjoy Australian entertainment (e.g., movies, music). 9. I often behave in ways that are typical of my Chinese

culture.

10. I often behave in ways that are 'typically Australian.' 11. It is important for me to maintain or develop the practices

of my Chinese culture.

12. It is important for me to maintain or develop Australian

cultural practices.

13. I believe in the values of my Chinese culture. 14. I believe in mainstream Australian values. 15. I enjoy the jokes and humor of my Chinese culture. 16. I enjoy typical Australian jokes and humor. 17. I am interested in having friends from my Chinese culture. 18. I am interested in having Australian friends.

232

F. Attitudes towards Filial responsibility

N1: Please use the following scale to indicate how much you agree with the following


1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Disagree Agree

1 2 3 4 5

1. Children should live with their parents 2. Children should take care of their sick parents 3. Children should give their parents financial support 4. Children who live nearby should visit their parent at least

once a week

5. Children should phone their parents on a regular basis 6. Children should feel responsible for their parents 7. Children and parents should be together at special occasions,

such as Christmas and weddings

8. Parents should be able to talk to their children about matters

of personal importance that have influence on their lives

9. Children should give emotional support to their parents 10.Children should be willing to give up free time for their

parents

11. In emergencies, children should make room for their parents

in their home

12. Children should offer advice to their parents 13. Children should adjust their work situation to help their

parents, for example, by working less overtime or temporarily

working less hours

14. Children should monitor the quality of care given to their

parents

15. Children should adjust their situation at home to help their

parents, for example, assign activities to others or put activities

aside temporarily

16. Children should familiarize their parents with health care

services

233

G. Demographics Part II:

1. Have you ever worked in Australia?

1. Yes, please specify years of employment ______________

2. No

2. Do you have superannuation?

1. Yes

(If Yes, where do you receive your supper? Please tick all apply)

1.1 Australia 1.2 Country of Origin 1.3 Others

2. No

3. Are you receiving Age Pension?

1. Yes 2. No

4. Do you have Medicare?

1. Yes 2. No

5. Do you have private health insurance?

1. Yes 2. No

6. Are you receiving any other allowance?

1. Yes, please specify__________

2. No

7. What is your personal average monthly income, including old age security payment?

1. Less than $500 7. $3000 - $3499

2. $500 - $999 8. $3500 - $3999

3. $1000 - $1499 9. $4000 and over

4. $1500 - $1999

5. $2000 - $2499

6. $2500- $2999

8. Which of the following sources provide you with main income?

1. Adult Children

2. Aged Pension/Allowances

3. Superannuation

4. Personal savings

5. Investment (i.e. from renting, savings, or yield from stock

or properties, from stock or estate exchange)

6. Earnings from work Pension/Retirement

7. Other, please specify: ___________________________

9. In general, how well does your income and investments currently satisfy your need?

234

1. Very well

2. Adequately

3. Not very well

4. Very inadequate

10. Where do you currently live?

Please write down your postal code: _______________

Thank you very much for participating in this survey and contributing your time. Your

input to this project will assist policy makers and service providers in better

understanding older Chinese’ care needs and in enhancing the delivery and provision of

culturally appropriate aged care to the Chinese elderly in Australia.

235

問卷編號：__________

訪問日期: ______________

澳洲華裔養老服務使用研究調查

Ａ. 個人資料 (第一部份):

首先,請問您的一些個人資料

1. 性別: 1. 男 2. 女

2. 請問您在那年出生? ____________

3. 請問您的婚姻狀況:

1. 已婚或同居

2. 分居

3. 離婚

4. 單身(從未結婚)

5. 喪偶

4. 請問您是 …………?

1. 澳洲出生公民 (請回答 7)

2. 歸化澳洲公民 (請回答 5)

3. 澳洲永久居民 (PR)(請回答 5)

4. 旅客 (請回答 7)

5. 其他 (請註明) __________________

5. 請問您用那類資格移民澳洲?

1. 父母移民家庭團聚

2. 付費父母移民

3. 技術移民

4. 商業投資移民

5. 退休移民

6. 難民資格

7. 其他(請註明) __________________

236

6. 請問您在那年移居澳洲? _____________年

7. 請問您在澳洲住了多少年? ____________年

8. 請問您在那裡出生的?

1. 在澳洲出生

2. 中國大陸

3. 馬來西亞

4. 新加坡

5. 香港

6. 台灣

7. 越南

8. 柬甫寨

9. 印尼

10. 其他 (請註明) ____________________

9. 如果您是移民到澳洲,會想要返回原居地長住或養老嗎?

1. 會 (原因) _________________ 2. 不會 (原

因)______________

3. 不肯定

10. 您能說英語嗎?

1. 可以對答如流 2. 可以說一些英語

3. 幾乎不能說英語 4. 完全不能講英語

11. 在家裏主要說什麼語言/方言? 1. 廣東話/粵話 2. 國語/普通話 3. 客家話 4. 潮州話

5. 福建話 6. 上海話 7. 英語

8. 其他 (請註明)____________________

237

12. 您現在與誰同住？(可選擇多項)

13. 如果可以按您的意願，您喜歡那種

居住安排？

1. 與子女共同居住 (包括女婿或媳婦)

2. 與子女分開居住，但居於附近

3. 與子女分開居住，但不居住在附近

4. 與其他老人同住 (例如退休村)

5. 其他，(請註明) ___________________

14. 請問您的最高學歷？ 1. 未受正式教育

2. 小學

3. 初中

4. 高中

5. 專科

6. 大學

7. 碩士以上

8. 其他，(請註明) ____________________

15. 請問您有沒有甚麼宗教信仰？ 1. 沒有宗教信仰

2. 天主教

3. 基督教

4. 道教

5. 佛教

6. 拜祖先

7. 回教

8. 其他，(請註明) ____________________

是數目

1. 配偶

2. 弟兄姊妹

3. 兒子

4. 女兒

5. 女婿

6. 媳婦

7. 孫

8. 其他親戚

9. 朋友

10. 獨居不適用

11. 其他(請註明)

_______________

__

238

B. 身體健康狀況(ADL&IADL)及家庭親友的照顧資源接下來要請教您的一些健康狀況，請依照您最近一個月日常活動中實際所需要協助

的情況回答。

ADL(基本日常活動) 需要協助的情況 (請勾選一項) 1. 進食：

請問您吃飯時是否需要協

助？

1. 不需協助，可自行吃完一餐

2. 需要有人幫忙切碎食物

3. 需要有人協助餵食

2. 移位：

請問您從床上坐起及移位到

椅子上，是否需要幫忙？

1. 不需協助，可自行坐起、移位，並回到原位

2. 坐起及移位過程中需些微協助

3. 可自行獨立坐起，但由床移位到椅子上時，需大量的

肢體協助

4. 需人協助才能坐起，或需2人幫忙扶持才可移位

3. 個人衛生：

請問您刷牙、洗臉、洗手、

梳頭髮、(刮鬍子)是否需要

幫忙？

1. 不需協助，可自行完成上列所有項目

2. 需協助才能完成上項

4. 如廁：

請問您上廁所過程中 (包括

到馬桶、穿脫衣物、擦拭、

沖水)，是否需要幫忙？

1. 不需協助，可自行上下馬桶

2. 只需協助保持平衡，整理衣物或使用衛生紙

3. 需人協助

5. 洗澡：

請問您是否需要協助洗澡？

1. 不需協助，可自行完成盆浴或淋浴

2. 需別人協助或監督才能完成盆浴或淋浴

6. 平地走動：

請問您是否可以在平地走50

公尺以上？需要人協助嗎？

1. 不需協助，即可走50公尺以上

2. 需稍微扶持或口頭教導，即可走50公尺以上

3. 行走時需大量扶持，或無法行走

7. 上下樓梯：

請問您是否需人協助上下樓

梯至少一層樓？

1. 可自行上下樓梯 (可抓扶手或用柺杖)

2. 需稍扶持或口頭指導或監督

3. 無法或需大量協助

8. 穿脫衣褲鞋襪：

請問您是否需人協助穿脫衣

褲鞋襪？

1. 可自行穿脫衣褲鞋襪，包含有必要時之繫緊、綁帶

子、扣扣子等

2. 在別人幫忙下，可自行完成一半以上動作

3. 需別人完全幫忙

9. 大便控制：

請問您是否會大便失禁？是

否需人協助處理大便事宜？

1. 不會失禁，必要時會自行使用

2. 偶爾會失禁 (每週不超過1次)

3. 需人協助處理

10. 小便控制：

請問您是否會小便失禁？是

否需人協助處理小便事宜？

1. 不會失禁，必要時會自行使用及清理尿套

2. 偶爾會失禁(每週不超過1次)或尿急(無法及時趕到廁所)

3. 需人協助處理

239

IADL(工具性日常活動) 需要協助的情況 (請勾選一項)

11. 使用電話：

請問您最近一個月有使用電

話？若有，使用情況為何？

1. 獨立使用電話，含查電話簿、撥號等

2. 僅可撥熟悉的電話號碼

3. 僅會接電話，不會撥電話

4. 完全不會（無法）使用電話

12. 上街購物：

請問您最近一個月有上街購

物？若有，情況為何？

1. 獨立完成所有購物需求

2. 獨立購買日常生活用品（小額購買）

3. 每一次上街購物都需要有人陪

4. 完全不會（無法）上街購物

13. 烹調食物：

請問您最近一個月有烹調食


1. 能獨立計畫、烹煮和擺設一頓適當的飯菜

2. 如果準備好一切佐料，會做一頓適當的飯菜

3. 會將已做好的飯菜加熱陪

4. 需要別人把飯菜煮好、加熱、擺好

14. 做家事：

請問您最近一個月有做家

事？若有，情況為何？

1. 能做較繁重的家事或需偶爾家事協助（如搬動沙發、

地板、洗窗戶），單獨理家，頂多粗重家事需人協助

2. 能做較簡單的家事，如洗碗、鋪床、疊被

3. 能做家事，但不能達到可被接受的整潔程度

4. 所有的家事都需要別人部分協助

5. 完全無法做家事

15. 洗衣服：

請問您最近一個月有洗衣服

（含曬衣或乾衣）？

1. 自己清洗所有衣物

2. 只清洗小件衣物

3. 完全依賴他人洗衣服

16. 外出：

請問您最近一個月有外出？

若有，情況為何？

1. 能夠自己開車

2. 可搭計程車或大眾運輸工具

3. 能夠自己搭乘計程車但不會搭乘大眾運輸工具

4. 當有人陪同可搭計程車或大眾運輸工具

5. 完全不會（無法）搭車外出

17. 服用藥物：

請問您最近一個月有服用藥


1. 能自己負責在正確的時間用正確的藥物

2. 如果事先準備好服用的藥物份量，可自行服用

3. 不會（無法）自己服用藥物

4. 不適用，沒有服用藥物

18. 處理財務的能力：

請問您最近一個月有處理財

務？若有，情況為何？

1. 可獨立處理財務（包括付帳單，銀行存領款等）

2. 可以處理日常的購買﹐但需要別人協助與銀行的往來

3. 不會（無法）處理錢財

240

19. 總括來說，您認為您的健康狀況是：

1.極好

2.很好

3.好

4.一般

5.差

20.與一年前相比較，你認為你目前的健康狀況如何？ 1.比一年前好多了

2.比一年前好一些

3.與一年前差不多

4.比一年前差一些

5.比一年前差多了

21. 最近一個月，在上述各項日常起居活動方面，您認為需要更多協助嗎?

1.不需要

2.需要多一些協助

3.需要相當多協助

22. 當您在做上述各項活動有困難時(假如您生病、不能走動及進食沐浴困難時)，

有家人親友可以幫忙照顧您嗎？

1. 有----請回答第 23題

2. 沒有人願意或能夠幫助我----請跳過第 23題

23. 若有人可以幫忙照顧您，請勾選可照顧您的人及提供照顧時間的長短。

照顧者

協助照顧時間的長短

(請勾選一項)

能長期幫助

照顧您

能幫助您一段短時

間(數星期至半年)

只能偶爾間中的

照顧您

1/ 配偶

2/ 弟兄姊妹

3/ 兒子

4/ 女兒

5/ 女婿

6/ 媳婦

7/ 孫

8/ 其他親戚

9/ 朋友

10/ 其他

(請註明____

241

C. 以下的問題是請問您對使用養老服務的看法

1. 請問您過去一年是否有使用過下列服務? 若沒有，是否聽過這項服務?

服務項目是否使用過是否聽過

有沒有有沒有

1. 老人會或社交支持活動(Senior Clubs) 2. 長者日間照顧/活動中心(PAG)

3. 皇家地區護士(RDNS) 4. 社區保健中心服務(Community Health Centre)

(如:物理治療、足部護理、營養諮詢等)

5. 家居照顧服務(Home Care)

(如：協助家務、預備膳食及洗衣購物)

6. 個人照顧服務 (Personal Care)

(如：沐浴、協助穿衣、吃飯等)

7. 住房維修 (Home Maintenance)

(如: 裝扶手、換燈泡窗簾、整理花園等)

8. 上門送餐服務 (Meals on wheels) 9. 暫息服務 (Respite Care)

10. 義工上門探訪(Friendly Visiting)

11.電話連接服務(Telelink)

12.交通服務(Transport) 13.養老評估小組

(Aged Care Assessment Service)

13.1社區養老計畫(CACP) 13.2長期居家養老服務(EACH)

13.3 老人宿舍(Hostel) 13.4 護理院(Nursing Home)

14. 其他, 請註明: __________________

2. 如果您曾經聽過上面的養老服務，請問您是從誰那裡知道這些服務的?(可多選)

1. 家人親友

2. 家庭醫師

3. 醫院

4. 演講/講座

5. 政府單位(例如市議會 city council)

6. 社區保健中心

7. 社會福利機構

8. 傳媒 (例如報紙、廣播、電視)

9. 其他，(請註明) ____________________

242

3.請問您知道如何申請這些養老服務嗎?

1. 全部知道

2. 部份知道

3. 不知道

4. 假想您年老體力逐漸衰退，需要他人的協助，您會考慮下列哪一種照顧形式?

1. 住在家中，完全由家人親友照顧 (請回答 6)

2. 住在家中，但是使用一些家居及社區照顧服務 (HACC) (請回答 5)

3. 搬到老人宿舍

4. 不知道

5. 如果您選擇住在家中，並使用一些家庭及社區照顧服務，您會考慮下列哪些服

務?

6. 假想您的健康情況持續惡化 (需要他人協助洗澡、如廁及行走)，您會考慮下

列哪一種照顧形式?

1.住在家中，完全由家人親友照顧

2.住在家中，使用長者社區配套服務 (CACP/EACH)，

由個案經理安排照顧計畫

3.搬入護理院 (Nursing Home)

4.不知道

服務項目請勾選

(可多選) 1. 長者日間照顧/活動中心(PAG)

2. 皇家地區護士(RDNS) 3. 社區保健中心服務 (如:物理治療、足部護理、營養諮詢等)

4. 家居照顧服務(如：協助家務、預備膳食及洗衣購物)

5. 個人照顧服務(如：沐浴、協助穿衣、吃飯等)

6. 住房維修(如: 裝扶手、換燈泡窗簾、整理花園等) 7. 上門送餐服務 (Meals on wheels)

8. 暫息服務 (Respite Care) 9.義工上門探訪(Friendly Visiting)

10.電話連接服務(Telelink) 11.交通接載服務(Transport)

243

7. 下列那些項目是你沒有使用養老服務的原因？(可選多項)

是

1

否

0

1. 不清楚有那些養老服務可以使用

2. 覺得自己可以照顧自己

3. 覺得家人可以照顧自己

4. 目前健康情況良好

5. 對於要開口求助感到不自然

6. 羞愧

7. 擔心被人看自己為有問題

8. 沒有華裔的服務人員

9. 服務人員不懂你的文化背景及習俗

10. 服務人員不懂你的語言，不能溝通

11. 沒有專為華裔而設的養老服務(例:提供中

餐)

12. 沒有其他華裔的服務使用者

13. 服務提供的時間不方便

14. 等候時間太長

15. 申請辦理的手續繁複

16. 聽說服務不太好

17. 服務費用太昂貴(無能力支付)

18. 對服務不滿意

19. 交通不方便

20. 其它______________(請註明)

7. 服務使用態度 (請問您對下列意見的同意程度)

完

全

不

同

意

不

同

意

無

所

謂

同

意

完

全

同

意

1 2 3 4 5

1. 我可以信賴這些照顧我的工作人員

2. 如果我使用這些服務，我家庭以外的人會對我有不同看法

3. 家庭不應該使用這些服務照顧家中老人

4. 我不要他人知道我的情況

244

完

全

不

同

意

不

同

意

無

所

謂

同

意

完

全

同

意

5. 讓服務人員照顧我，我感到害怕

6. 很難信賴社區服務人員來照顧我

7. 提供服務的工作人員或許能更好的照顧我

8. 讓外人來照顧我，我的家人將擔心我的安全

9. 我寧可請求家人幫忙，而不需使用這些服務

10. 我寧可請求朋友幫忙，而不需使用這些服務

11. 我覺得家庭應該照顧自家的老人，不應該求外人的幫助

12. 我為我的家人感到自豪，因為他們不需要使用太多的服務

來照顧我

13. 使用這些服務來幫助照顧我，我覺得不錯

14. 我覺得我的家人應該在沒有這些服務的幫助下照顧我

15. 幫助我的家人想辦法照顧我，是政府的責任

16. 如果政府津貼多些，使我更能負擔得起，我會更多使用

這些服務

17. 政府應該多做一些來幫助那些在家中照顧年老者的家人

D. 下面的問題是有關你最近的心情及您的社會支持網絡。

1. 在過去一星期內，您是否曾有以下的感受

是否

1. 您對自己的生活大致上滿意嗎？

2. 您是否已放棄了很多活動和有興趣的事呢？

3. 您是否覺得生活無意思呢？

4. 您是否時常感到煩悶？

5. 您是否常常感覺精神很好呢？

6. 您是否害怕將會有不好的事情發生在你身上呢？

7. 您是否大部份時間都感到快樂呢？

8. 您是否常常感到煩躁和不安寧呢？

9. 您是否常常擔心未來的事情呢？

10.您是否覺得你比其他人有多一些記憶力的問題呢？

11.您是否常常感到情緒低落和苦悶呢？

12.您是否自覺得自己現在十分之無用呢？

245

13.您覺得很多人的情況比您好嗎？

14.您是否常為很小的事而感到不開心呢？

15.您是否時常想哭呢？

2. 社會支持 (請回答下列問題)

沒有 1-2

個

2個以

上

1.除了您的家人外，有多少個住在您附近的朋友，您覺

得是可以依靠或很親近的?

0-1次 2-5次 6次以

上

2. 在過去一個星期內，您有沒有與您同住以外的人共

聚

(不論是你去探訪他們，他們探訪你或是你們一同外

出)?

3. 在過去一個星期內，您曾與人(包括朋友、親戚或其

他人)通電話嗎？不論是您打出去或是別人打給你

4. 在過去一個星期內，您曾經外出參加團體聚會 (包

括社團、俱樂部或宗教性聚會)嗎?

從來

不覺

得

有時

候

覺得

大部分

時候

5. 您覺得您的家人和朋友瞭解您嗎?

6. 對於家人及朋友，您能感受到自己的價值嗎?

7. 您了解家人與朋友的生活近況嗎?

8. 您覺得您在家人及朋友心中，有明確的角色嗎?

9. 當您與您的家人朋友談話時，您覺得有被傾聽到嗎?

10.至少有一些家人及朋友，您覺得可以對他傾訴最困

擾您的

問題嗎?

非常

不滿

意

不是

很滿

意

滿意

11.對於您與家人及朋友的關係，您感到滿意嗎?

246

E. 下面的問題是有關您的文化適應過程，請表達您對下列意

見的同意程度。

完

全

不

同

意

不

同

意

無

意

見

同

意

完

全

同

意

1 2 3 4 5

1. 我經常參與中華文化傳統活動 2. 我經常參與澳洲文化傳統活動

3. 我喜歡與其他華裔進行社交活動 4. 我喜歡與澳洲人進行社交活動

完

全

不

同

意

不

同

意

無

意

見

同

意

完

全

同

意

5. 與其他華裔一起工作，我覺得很自在

6. 與澳洲人一起工作，我覺得很自在 7. 我喜歡華語/文的娛樂消遣(電影、電視、音樂表演)

8. 我喜歡澳洲的娛樂消遣(電影、電視、音樂表演) 9. 我通常的行為表現像華人

10. 我通常的行為表現像澳洲人 11. 對我來說，保持我的中華文化是很重要的

12. 對我來說，接受澳洲文化是很重要的 13. 我崇尚中華文化的價值

14. 我崇尚澳洲主流文化的價值

15. 我喜愛中華文化的笑話與幽默

16. 我喜愛典型的澳洲笑話及幽默. 17. 我有興趣與華人交朋友

18. 我有興趣與澳洲人交朋友

247

F. 下面的問題是有關您對孝道的態度，請表達您對下列句子

的同意程度。

你對下列的意見的同意程度：完

全

不

同

意

不

同

意

無

意

見

同

意

完

全

同

意

1 2 3 4 5

1. 兒女應該與父母同住

2. 兒女應該照顧生病的父母

3. 兒女應該給予父母經濟上的資助

4. 住離父母近的兒女，需至少每週拜訪他們父母一次

5. 兒女應該定期打電話給他們的父母

6. 兒女應該覺得對他們父母有照顧責任

7. 在特別的活動或假期(像新年及婚禮) ，父母與兒女

應該在一起

8. 對於影響父母生活的重要事件，父母應該可以與他

們的兒女交流

9. 兒女應該給予父母情緒支持

10.兒女應該願意為他們父母放棄個人空閒時間

11.有緊急狀況時，兒女應提供家中住處給他們的父母

12.兒女應提供建議給他們的父母

13.兒女應針對父母的情況調整工作狀態，例如減少加

班或暫時減少工作時數

14.兒女應密切關注提供給父母的照顧服務品質

15.兒女應針對父母的情況調整家庭責任，例如將家務

暫時擱下或委託他人料理

16.兒女應該幫助父母熟悉健康保健服務項目

248

G.個人資料第二部份

1. 請問你曾經在澳洲工作過嗎?

1.有，請註明幾年_______ 2.沒有

2. 請問你有沒有領取退休金呢?

1.有 (請勾選 1.澳洲 2.原居住地 3.其他，請註明

________ )

2.沒有

3. 請問您有沒有領取養老金呢 (Aged pension)?

1.有

2.沒有

4. 請問您有澳洲國民保健(Medicare)嗎?

1.有

2.沒有

5. 請問您有私人健康保險嗎?

1.有

2.沒有

6. 請問你有沒有領取其他政府補助津貼？

1.有，請註明__________

2.沒有

7. 請問你個人每月的收入是多少？(包括養老金)

1. 少過$500 7. $3000 - $3499

2. $500 -＄999 8. $3500 - $3999

3. $1000 - $1499 9. $4000或以上

4. $1500 - $1999

5. $2000 - $2499

6. $2500 - $2999

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8. 請問你下列那些是你收入的主要來源？

1. 子女供養

2. 養老金/政府津貼

3. 退休金

4. 儲蓄

5. 投資(例如：收租、銀行利息、基金、股票或樓宇買賣等)

6. 工作收入

7. 其他 (請註明)： ___________________________

9. 一般來說，現在你的收入是否足夠你用？

1.非常足夠

2.足夠

3.不太足夠

4.絕對不足夠

10. 請問你目前居住哪裡?

請填寫您居住的郵政編號 _______________

謝謝您參與第一階段的研究調查，您的協助將幫助政府及提供養老服務的工作人

員，更加瞭解華裔老人的照顧需求，進而提供更適切的照顧服務.

250

Appendix III: Certification of Translation

Project Title：Understanding factors associated with aged care use

patterns among the Chinese speaking elderly in Australia

WE, the Expert Committee, certify that the documents used in the above study

are accurately translated into Chinese and that the Chinese translations are

semantic and idiomatic equivalence to the original English versions.

Name of Reviewer 1 ： Ada Poon

Signature Date

Name of Reviewer 2 ： Wai Yee Leong

Signature Date

Name of Reviewer 3 ： Dorothy Yiu

Signature Date

Name of Reviewer 4 ： Juleen Lau

Signature Date

Name of Reviewer 5 ： Mandy Chan

Signature Date

251

Qualification and Information of the Expert Committee

Reviewer 1 Name

Ada Poon Years of residence in Australia

11 years

Current position

Community Services Program Manager Chinese Community Social Service Centre Inc.

T：(03) 9898 1965 E：[email protected]

Qualifications Bachelor of Social Work (Hong Kong)

Relevant skills and experience

Ms. Poon has extensive experiences working with older Chinese and their families both in Melbourne and Hong Kong. Since migration to Australia, she has worked as a social worker at the Chinese Community Social Science Centre for nearly 10 years, providing aged care and mental health services to the Chinese community. She is currently studying part time at the University of Melbourne for her master degree.

Reviewer 2 Name

Wai Yee Leong Years of residence In Australia

5 years

Current position

Home and Community Care Access Worker South Eastern Region Migrant Resource Centre Inc.


Qualifications Diploma in Social Science (Malaysia); Bachelor of Art (Australia); Diploma in Community Welfare Work (Australia)


Ms. Leong has worked at the SERMRC for 2 years, first as a Community Partners Program Worker then a Home and Community Care Access Worker. Her main duties in these positions are to help the Chinese aged access to aged care services and to liaise with service providers and assist them in delivering culturally appropriate services to the elderly.

Reviewer 3 Name

Dorothy Yiu Years of residence In Australia

34 years

Current position

Present / Manager Chinese Cancer Society of Victoria


Qualifications

Bachelor of Social Science in social work (Hong Kong); Graduate Diploma in Librarianship; Graduate Diploma of Grief Education and Counselling (Australia)


Ms. Yiu had worked as a social worker and health educator for almost 20 years in Australia, mainly involving case management, health promotion, and cross-cultural practices. When worked at the

mailto:[email protected]



252

to this project

Victoria Elderly Chinese Welfare Society, SBS Radio and Culture Ethnicity and Health, she was responsible to provide aged care and health-related information to the Chinese community and also translated the news articles, resources and newsletters into Chinese language. She has been managing the Chinese Cancer Society of Victoria since 1996 and currently still involves in proof reading translation (Chinese) for the Cancer Council Victoria’s resources.

Reviewer 4 Name

Juleen Lau Years of residence In Australia

17 years

Current position

Family Case Worker of Inner East Integrated Family Service Connections UnitingCare – Mount Waverley Office


Qualifications Bachelor of Science in Psychology (Australia); Graduate Diploma in Human Services – Counselling (Australia); Bachelor of Social Work (Australia); Master of Social Work (Australia)


Miss Lau has migrated from Hong Kong since 1992 and obtained all her tertiary education in Australia. She worked at the Chinese Community Social Services Centre between 2002 and 2006 to assist the newly arrived Chinese speaking migrants with their settlement issues. Miss Lau has also worked as a counsellor at Connections UnitingCare for 18 months before she commenced her master. She is now practicing as a family caseworker at the Connections UnitingCare, working with families of complex needs.

Reviewer 5 Name

Mandy Chan Years of residence in Australia

10 years

Current position

Case Manager Villa Maria-Eastern Community Service


Qualifications

Bachelor of Art in Psychology (Australia);Bachelor of Social Work (Australia)


Miss Chan has worked in community settings for a number of years with the elderly and people with disabilities. Her work as a Home and Community Care worker at the Chinese Community Social Service Centre and at the MonashLink Community Health Service was to carry out day activity programs for the frail elderly of Chinese and Anglo-Saxon backgrounds. Miss Chan now works at Villa Maria and provides case management support services to the family carers.



253

Appendix IV: Expert Committee Review

Dear ________________ As you may be aware, I am currently studying at The University of Melbourne for a doctoral degree. As a part of the study, I am undertaking a survey to investigate aged care use by older Chinese in Australia. This project is supervised by A/Prof Daniel Wong and A/Prof Elizabeth Ozanne from Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne. This study aims to understand factors associated with aged care use patterns among older Australians of Chinese backgrounds and hopefully it will assist policy makers and service providers in better designing and delivering culturally appropriate aged care services to the ethnic aged. To examine potential factors that influence older Chinese’ use of aged care services, a number of instruments have been adopted in the survey. They include the verified Chinese versions of ADL1 and IADL2, Geriatric Depression Scale3, Modified Community Service Attitude Inventory4 and Vancouver Index of Acculturation5 as well as the English versions of Duke Social Support Index6and Filial Responsibility Scale7. For those instruments that verified Chinese versions are not available, I have translated the original English questions into Chinese and made some modification by taking into consideration of Chinese culture and Australian context. To ensure cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaire, I am seeking your assistance in verifying the translation and relevance of content of the instruments. This questionnaire is comprised of seven sections. Section A and G ask for the demographics of respondents, Section B examines respondents’ physical functioning and the availability of care resources, Section C explores their perceptions and attitudes toward aged care use, Section D asks

1 Leung, Chan & Shah (2007). Development of a Chinese version of the Modified Barthel Index-Validity and

reliability. Clinical Rehabilitation, 21:912-922. 2 Tong A.Y.C. & Man, D.W.K. (2002).The validation of the Hong Kong Chinese Version of the Lawton

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale for the Institutionalized Elderly Persons. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 22(4), 132-142. 3 Mui AC. (1996). Geriatric Depression Scale as a community screening instrument for elderly Chinese

immigrants. International Psychogeriatrics, 8(3):445-458. 4 Soon, N. G. (2007). Factors affecting the utilization of post acute care by the elderly in Singapore. Doctoral

dissertation, The University of Melbourne. 5 Ryder, A. G., Alden, L. E., & Paulhus, D. L. (2000). Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A

head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality, self-identity, and adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 49–65. 6 Koenig HG, Westlund R, Georgc LK, et al.(1993). Abbreviating the Duke social support index for use in

chronically ill elderly individuals. Psychosomalics (34): 61-69. 7 Hamon, R. R.,&Blieszner, R. (1990). Filial responsibility expectations among adult child-older parent pairs.

Journal of Gerontology, 45: 110-112.

254

for their mental health (depression) and social support, Section E and F look at the levels of acculturation and filial expectation of respondents respectively. There are a number of questions for each section. I seek your cooperation in rating each question as to its translation and content relevance by circling a choice from 1(not equivalent/relevant) to 4(very equivalent/relevant). Please refer to the table below for the meaning of each score. The method used to verify cross-cultural adaptation and equivalence in language and content is informed by Guillemin8 (2000). Score Language Equivalence Content Validity

1

Not equivalent The translation of Chinese question is not equivalent to the original English question and the retranslation is required.

Not relevant The question is not relevant to the study and should be deleted.

2

Low degree of equivalence The Chinese question has a low degree of equivalence to the original English question and major changes are required.

Unable to Assess You are unable to assess relevance without question revision or the question is in need of such revision that it would no longer be relevant.

3

Moderate degree of equivalence The Chinese question has a moderate degree of equivalence to the original English question and minor changes are required.

Relevant but needs minor alteration You feel the question should be included but be changed.

4

High degree of equivalence The translation of the Chinese questionnaire is highly equivalent to the English questionnaire and no changes are required.

Relevant The question should remain and is relevant to the study.

Please note on the final page of this document I have asked two additional questions. I would appreciate it if you can identify further questions that should be included and welcome your general comments. Please contact me if you need clarification. Thank you once again for your time. Best Regards, Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang PhD Candidate School of Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Mobile: 0423 395 151 E-mail: [email protected]

8 Beaton, D., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F. &Ferraz, M. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural

adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24):3186-3191.


255

A. Demographics Part

個人資料 (第一部份)

Items Language Equivalence Content Validity

Q1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q13 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q14 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q15 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q16 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q17 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 If you score the question with a “1”, “2” or “3” could you please make some comment as to why or what changes need to be made. You can either write on the below space or on the electronic copy of the questionnaire using Track Changes function.

Comments:………………………………………………………………………………

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256

B. Physical Function and availability of informal care

身體健康狀況及非正式照顧資源的可得性


Q1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q13 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q14 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q15 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q16 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q17 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q18 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q19 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q20 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q21 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q22 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q23 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 If you score the question with a “1”, “2” or “3” could you please make some comment as to why or what changes need to be made. You can either write on the below space or on the electronic copy of the questionnaire using Track Changes function.

Comments:………………………………………………………………………………

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257

C. Perceptions towards aged care use

對使用養老服務的看法


Q1.1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.13 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.14 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.13 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.14 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.15 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.16 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8.17 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 If you score the question with a “1”, “2” or “3” could you please make some comment as to why or what changes need to be made. You can either write on the below space or on

the electronic copy of the questionnaire using Track Changes function.

258

Comments:………………………………………………………………………………

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259

D. Recent emotional status and your social support

最近的心情及社會支持網絡


Q1.1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.13 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.14 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q1.15 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2.11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 If you score the question with a “1”, “2” or “3” could you please make some comment as to why or what changes need to be made. You can either write on the below space or on the electronic copy of the questionnaire using Track Changes function.

Comments:………………………………………………………………………………

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260

E. Acculturation

文化適應過程


Q1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q13 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q14 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q15 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q16 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q17 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q18 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 If you score the question with a “1”, “2” or “3” could you please make some comment as to why or what changes need to be made. You can either write on the below space or on the electronic copy of the questionnaire using Track Changes function.

Comments:………………………………………………………………………………

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261

F. Attitudes towards Filial responsibility

對孝道的態度


Q1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q13 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q14 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q15 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q16 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

If you score the question with a “1”, “2” or “3” could you please make some comment as to why or what changes need to be made. You can either write on the below space or on the electronic copy of the questionnaire using Track Changes function.

Comments:………………………………………………………………………………

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262

G. Demographics Part II

個人資料第二部份


Q1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q9 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

If you score the question with a “1”, “2” or “3” could you please make some comment as to why or what changes need to be made. You can either write on the below space or on the electronic copy of the questionnaire using Track Changes function.

Comments:………………………………………………………………………………

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263

Finally, I have two (2) further questions to ask.

Question1

Can you identify any areas that have been omitted from the questionnaire

that would assist with answering the research question? (Please Tick)

Yes No

If “Yes” please comment:

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Question 2

Are there any other comments you would like to make?

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----------THANK YOU---------

264

Appendix V: E-mail correspondence with A/Prof. Andrew Ryder

Re: Permission to use and modify VIA Scale

2 封郵件

Andrew G. Ryder <[email protected]> 2009年 9月 22日下午

10:51

收件者: Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang <[email protected]>

副本: Zhao Yue <[email protected]>

Dolly, Please feel free to use the VIA. We already have a Chinese translation that you can use; I am cc'ing one of my former students who can send it to you. Also, a colleague of mine has used the scale in older adults and also deleted 3 and 4 for the same reason, so that change is no problem. Do let me know if you have any other questions about the VIA. Best wishes on your research -- I look forward to hearing about your findings. Andrew Ryder

On Tue, Sep 22, 2009 at 4:40 AM, Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang <[email protected]> wrote:

Dear Assistant Professor Ryder,

My name is Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang, currently studying at School of Health Science, The University of Melbourne for my PhD degree.I am writing to seek your permission to use Vancouver Index of Acculturation with some modification.

This scale will be used in my study on investigating factors associated with aged care use by older Chinese in Australia. The level of older Chinese’s acculturation will be examined as one of the factors that may influence their use of aged care services in Australia.

This project is supervised by A/Prof Daniel Wong and A/Prof Elizabeth Ozanne from Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne.

In adapting your scale to my study, the translation of the VIA instrument to Chinese is undertaken. An expert panel of five bilingual welfare workers is also formed to examine the accuracy of language translation and cultural relevance to the Chinese aged in Australia. Considering the sample’s age and culture, suggestions on the modification of the instrument include: 1.change the Likert scale from 9 points to 5 points. 2. revision or omission of the statements 3 & 4 as it may offend older Chinese who have been married for many years.


265

I know this instrument has been tested in the Chinese Canadian population so I would appreciate if you can comment on whether the proposed modification is appropriate and share the Chinese version of VIA with me if available.

Thank you for your time. I will look forward to your early response.

Best Regards,

Dolly

Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang

PhD Candidate

School of Health Sciences

The University of Melbourne

Mobile: 0423 395 151

E- mail: [email protected]

Yue Zhao <[email protected]> 2009年 9月 23日上午 10:27

收件者: [email protected]

副本: Andrew Ryder <[email protected]>

Dear Dolly, I worked and am still working with Dr. Ryder on acculturation research projects. Here I'm sending you the Chinese version of VIA as the attachment. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me. Best wishes for your research, Yue Zhao

Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2009 08:51:45 -0400 Subject: Re: Permission to use and modify VIA Scale From: [email protected] To: [email protected] CC: [email protected] [隱藏引用文字]

Attention all humans. We are your photos. Free us.

VIA.doc 47K





http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9666044

266

AppendixVI: Poster

Project Title:

“Understanding factors associated with aged care use

patterns among the Chinese speaking elderly in Australia”

My name is Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang.

I am currently studying at Melbourne School of Health Sciences,

The University of Melbourne for a doctoral degree. As a part of my

study, I am undertaking a survey to understand the perceptions of

the Chinese-speaking elderly toward aged care use in Australia.

This project is supervised by A/Prof Elizabeth Ozanne from

Melbourne School of Health Sciences and approved by the School

Human Ethics Advisory Group at the University of Melbourne.

I sincerely invite you to participating in this study!!

The outcomes of this research expect to assists service providers and policy makers in

better understanding care needs of older Chinese and in improving the provision and

delivery of culturally appropriate aged care services to the Chinese elderly. The survey

will take you approximately 45 minutes and I and my research assistant will assist you in

completing the questionnaire in your preferred languages (Cantonese or Mandarin).

Participation in the study is totally voluntary and all data I collect will be strictly

confidential.

If you are interested to participate in the study, I will be at (Recruitment site) between

(Time) on (Date) to conduct surveys or you can reach me via my mobile 0423

395 151 and email [email protected]


267

計劃名稱:

了解影響澳洲華裔老人使用養老服務的原因

我的名字是黃筱芸。

目前就讀於墨爾本大學健康科學院的博士學位，我的研究計

畫是希望了解澳洲華裔老人對使用養老服務的看法。這個研

究計畫是由墨爾本大學健康科學院的伊莉莎白.歐贊副教授

指導，並且已經通過人類倫理研究委員會的認可。

我在此誠摯的邀請您參與這項問卷調查 !!

此項問卷調查的結果, 將幫助政府及提供養老服務的工作人員, 更加瞭解華裔老人

的照顧需求，進而提供更適切的照顧服務。完成問卷約需 45 分鐘，我及研究員將

用您習慣的華語(廣東話或普通話)協助您填寫問卷。參與這項問卷調查是完全志願

的，所有已填寫的問卷及相關資料將絕對保密。

如果您對參與這項計畫有興趣，我將會於__(時間)______在__(地點)______進行問

卷調查或您可以用電話0423 395 151或電子郵件[email protected]

跟我聯繫。


268

Appendix VII: Newspaper advertisement

You are invited to participate in the above research project if you

are Chinese Australians, over 65 years-old, and currently live in

Metropolitan areas of Melbourne.

The aim of this study is to understand factors that influence older

Chinese’ use of aged care services in Australia. This study will be

conducted by Associate Professor Elizabeth Ozanne (supervisor)

and Ms Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang (PhD student) of Melbourne

School of Health Sciences and has been approved by the Human

Research Ethics Committee, the University of Melbourne.

There are two phases in this study. The first phase is a survey on

150 the Chinese elderly living in Melbourne while the second phase

involves 30 face-to-face interviews with survey respondents who

express their interest of participation in interviews in the

questionnaire.

In the survey, you will be asked questions such as your socio-

demographical status, filial responsibility expectations, attitude

toward services use, social support, acculturation, physical and

emotional needs. The survey will be administered by a researcher in

your preferred Chinese languages (Mandarin or Cantonese) and

approximately take 45 minutes to complete.

We intend to protect your anonymity and the confidentiality of

your responses to the fullest possible extent, within the limits of

the law. Your name and contact details will be kept in a separate,

password-protected computer file from any data that you supply.

This will only be able to be linked to your responses by the

researcher. In the final report, you responses will only appear as

aggregate data. No personal information would be disclosed in the

report.

Your participation in this survey will help us to understand aged

care services use by older Chinese in Australia and further assist

service providers in enhancing the provision and delivery of

culturally appropriate aged care services to the ethnic aged.

If you are interested to know more about this study and willing to

participate in the survey, please contact Dolly Huang (see the

photo above) via email [email protected] or mobile

0423395151. The interview time and venue will be arranged at

your convenience.

Thank you for your time and assistance.

Project title:




269

計劃名稱:

了解影響澳洲華裔老人使用養老服務的原因

如果您是六十五歲以上的澳洲華人且目前居住在墨爾本地

區，誠摯的邀請您參與這項問卷調查 !!

這個研究計畫的主要目的是探討影響澳洲華裔老人使用養

老服務的原因。此計畫是由墨爾本大學健康科學學院，伊

麗莎白．歐贊副教授及黃筱芸博士候選人共同主持, 這個

研究計畫已經通過人類倫理研究委員會的認可。

這個研究計畫會有兩個階段。第一個階段是針對 150位華

裔長者進行問卷調查，第二階段是與 30位有興趣參與研

究第二階段研究的華裔長者進行面對面的訪談。

在這份問卷中，您會被問到有關您的一些個人資料，對

服務使用的看法，及您的健康及情緒需求。此項問卷調查

將由研究員將用您習慣的華語(廣東話或普通話)協助您填

寫問卷，約需 45分鐘完成問卷。

我們將盡我們最大的努力保護您的隱私，所有已填寫的

問卷及相關資料將絕對保密，儲存在墨爾本大學研究室

上鎖的櫃子中。輸入電腦的檔案資料, 也將以密碼加

密, 只有研究員可以接觸到這些資料。所獲得的資料將

做統合分析, 您的個人資訊不會出現於任何與此研究相

關的文章及報告中。

您參與這項問卷調查，將幫助我們更了解澳洲華裔老

人使用養老服務的情況，更進一步幫助澳洲政府及提供

養老服務的工作人員，更加瞭解華裔老人的照顧需

求，進而提供更適切華裔老人文化的養老服務。

如果您願意參與這項研究，請透過電子郵

[email protected] 或是手機 0423395151

與本計劃研究員黃小姐(請看上面的照片)聯絡。訪談會

以您方便的時間及地點來做安排。

謝謝您的時間與協助


270

Appendix VIII: Radio advertisement

My name is Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang.

I am currently studying at Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of

Melbourne for a doctoral degree. As a part of my study, I am undertaking a survey to

understand the perceptions of the Chinese-speaking elderly toward aged care use in Australia.

This project is supervised by A/Prof Elizabeth Ozanne from Melbourne School of Health

Sciences and approved by the School Human Ethics Advisory Group at the University of

Melbourne.

I sincerely invite you to participating in this study, if you are Chinese Australians, over 65

years-old, and currently live in Metropolitan areas of Melbourne. In the survey, you will be

asked questions such as your socio-demographical status, filial responsibility expectations,

attitude toward services use, social support, acculturation, physical and emotional needs. The

survey will be administered by a researcher in your preferred Chinese languages (Mandarin

or Cantonese) and approximately take 45 minutes to complete.

If you are interested to participate in the study or want to know more about this research, you

can reach me via my mobile 0423 395 151 and email [email protected].

Thank you for your time and assistance. I will look forward to hear from you.

我的名字是黃筱芸。

目前就讀於墨爾本大學健康科學院的博士學位，我的研究計畫是希望了解澳洲華裔老

人對使用養老服務的看法。這個研究計畫是由墨爾本大學健康科學院的伊莉莎白.歐贊

副教授指導，並且已經通過人類倫理研究委員會的認可。

如果您是六十五歲以上的澳洲華人且目前居住在墨爾本地區，誠摯的邀請您參與這項

問卷調查 !! 在這份問卷中，您會被問到有關您的一些個人資料，對服務使用的看

法，及您的健康及情緒需求。此項問卷調查將由研究員將用您習慣的華語(廣東話或普

通話)協助您填寫問卷，約需 45分鐘完成問卷。

如果您願意參與這項研究或是想更瞭解這項研究計劃，請透過手機 0423 395 151或

電子郵件 [email protected] 與我聯絡。謝謝您的時間與協助，並期待

您的來電及來信。



271

Appendix IX: Plain language statement

Project Title:



You are invited to participate in the above research project, which is being conducted by

Associate Professor Elizabeth Ozanne (supervisor) and Ms Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang (PhD

student) of Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne. This project

will form part of Ms Huang’s doctorate thesis, and has been approved by the Human

Research Ethics Committee9.

The aim of this study is to understand factors that influence older Chinese’ use of aged care

services in Australia. In the survey, you will be asked questions such as your socio-

demographical status, filial responsibility expectations, attitude toward services use, social

support, acculturation, physical and emotional needs. Such information will be useful for

policy makers and service providers in planning and devising culturally appropriate care for

the aged Chinese. Should you agree to participate, you would be asked to fill out a

questionnaire administered by a researcher in your preferred Chinese languages (Mandarin or

Cantonese). This would take approximately 45 minutes to complete.

We intend to protect your anonymity and the confidentiality of your responses to the fullest

possible extent, within the limits of the law. Your name and contact details will be kept in a

separate, password-protected computer file from any data that you supply. This will only be

9 HREC 0932338, 14 Oct 2009, Version 3

272

able to be linked to your responses by the researcher. In the final report, you responses will

only appear as aggregate data. No personal information would be disclosed in the report. It

is also possible that the results will be presented at academic conferences. The data will be

kept securely in the Melbourne School of Health Sciences for five years from the date of

publication, before being destroyed.

Please be advised that your participation in this study is completely voluntary. Should you

wish to withdraw at any stage, or to withdraw any unprocessed data you have supplied, you

are free to do so without prejudice. Should you feel distressed during the course of

completing the questionnaire, members of our research team and the staff of the

organization will be available for consultation. If you would like to participate, please

indicate that you have read and understood this information by signing the accompanying

consent form and returning it to the interviewer before the administration of the survey

interview.

Should you require any further information, or have any concerns, please do not hesitate to

contact Ms Huang at 0423 395 151 or A/Prof Ozanne at 8344 9403. Should you have any

concerns about the conduct of the project, you are welcome to contact the Executive Officer,

Human Research Ethics, The University of Melbourne, on phone: 8344 2073, or fax: 9347

6739.

273

問卷調查說明書

計劃名稱: 了解影響澳洲華裔老人使用養老服務的原因

誠摯的邀請您參與這項問卷調查 !!

此計畫是由墨爾本大學健康科學學院，伊麗莎白．歐贊副教授及黃筱芸博士候選人共

同主持, 這個研究計畫已經通過人類倫理研究委員會10的認可, 為黃小姐博士論文的一

部份。

這個研究計畫的主要目的是探討影響澳洲華裔老人使用養老服務的原因。在這份問卷

中, 您會被問到有關您的一些個人資料，對服務使用的看法，及您的健康及情緒需

求。此項問卷調查的結果, 將幫助政府及提供養老服務的工作人員, 更加瞭解華裔老

人的照顧需求, 進而提供更適切的服務。如果您同意參與這項研究, 研究員將用您習

慣的華語 (廣東話或普通話) 協助您填寫問卷, 完成問卷大約需要 45分鐘。

我們將會盡最大的努力保護您的隱私權。您提供的所有資料將絕對保密, 所有已填寫

的問卷及相關資料, 將會儲存在墨爾本大學健康科學學院研究室上鎖的櫃子中。輸入

電腦的檔案資料, 也將加密, 只有研究員可以接觸到這些資料。所獲得的資料將做統

10

HREC 0932338, 14 Oct 2009, Version 3

274

合分析, 您的個人資訊不會出現於任何與此研究相關的文章及報告中, 所有資料將於

保存五年後全部銷毀。

參與這項研究計畫完全是自願的。您決定參與與否，絕對不會影響你現在所接受的服

務和活動，同時您也有權利可以在任何時候退出這項研究計畫。如果您在填寫問卷的

過程中感到有壓力不愉快，我們的研究小組及中心的服務人員, 會提供相關諮詢協

助。如果您已經了解並同意參加這項計劃, 請填寫研究同意書, 並將同意書交還給研

究員。

如有進一步的疑問，請聯絡本計劃研究員黃小姐筱芸 (電話 0423 395 151)或聯絡其

指導教授副教授伊麗莎白．歐贊 (電話 03- 8344 9403)。如果您對此計劃的執行或倫

理議題有疑惑, 請聯絡墨爾本大學的人類倫理研究單位, 聯絡電話 03-8344 2073 或

傳真至 03-9347 6739。

275

Appendix X: Consent form

ROJECT TITLE:

Understanding factors associated with aged care use patterns among the

Chinese speaking elderly in Australia

Name of participant:

Name of investigator(s): Associate Professor Elizabeth Ozanne and Ms Dolly Hsiao-Yun Huang

1. I consent to participate in this project, the details of which have been explained to me, and I have been provided with a written plain language statement to keep.

2. I agree that the researcher may use the results as described in the

plain language statement. 3. I acknowledge that:

(a) the possible effects of participating in the project have been explained to my satisfaction; (b) I have been informed that I am free to withdraw from the project at any time without explanation or prejudice and to withdraw any unprocessed data I have provided; (c) the project is for the purpose of research; (d) I have been informed that the confidentiality of the information I provide will be safeguarded subject to any legal requirements; (e) I have been informed that the completed questionnaires will be stored at University of Melbourne and will be destroyed after five years; (f) my personal details will not be identified in any publications arising from the research;

I wish to receive a copy of the summary project report on research findings □ yes □ no

Postal address:_______________________________________________________

Participant signature: Date:

HREC 0932338, 14 Oct 2009, Version 3

276

計劃名稱: 了解影響澳洲華裔老人使用養老服務的原因

受訪者姓名:

研究者姓名: 伊麗莎白．歐贊副教授及博士候選人黃筱芸

1. 我同意參與這項研究計畫, 研究員已清楚的向我暸解計畫並給予說明書.

2. 我同意研究員以訪談說明書所描述的方式, 使用研究結果.

3. 我認可:

(a) 我已經被清楚說明, 參與此研究計畫對我的可能影響;

(b) 我已被告知, 隨時可以退出這項計畫, 而不需給予解釋, 並有權要回已提

供的

個人資料;

(c) 這項計畫是以研究為目的;

(d) 我已被告知, 我所提供的資料是保密的且是受到法律保護的;

(e) 我已被告知, 問卷資料會被存儲在墨爾本大學, 並於五年後銷毀;

(f) 在任何與此研究相關的發表及出版刊物中, 我的個人資料將不會出現;

我希望收到一份研究結果的摘要報告 □ 是 □ 否郵寄地址:______________________________________________________

受訪者簽名: 日期:

HREC 0932338, 14 Oct 2009, Version

277

Appendix XI: One way ANOVA summary

Demographic profile

Age Age 65-74 75-84 85+ F(2,117) p

M SD M SD M SD

Filial Responsibility 59.85 9.46 57.78 7.56 62.92 7.33 2.323 0.102

Community Service Attitude (Favourable) 38.40 6.82 37.26 5.7 36.92 7.09 0.497 0.610

Preference for Informal Care 9.43 2.85 10.01 2.98 10.17 3.61 0.566 0.569

Acceptance of Government Assistance 12.00 2.48 11.70 1.62 11.50 1.98 0.417 0.660

Concerns for Opinions of Others 6.83 2.53 7.21 1.61 7.33 1.97 0.559 0.573

Worry and Fear 7.35 2.27 7.21 1.80 7.08 1.78 0.111 0.895

Acculturation

Heritage (Chinese) 29.75 3.79 29.97 2.89 31.00 2.45 0.718 0.490

Mainstream (Australian) 18.83 3.76 16.78 3.95 15.83 4.91 4.289 0.016

Availability of Informal Carers 3.60 2.73 2.79 2.17 3.58 2.15 1.691 0.189

Social Support 20.23 4.12 21.56 4.03 21.25 2.80 1.439 0.241

Satisfaction with Social Support 14.55 3.22 15.47 2.90 16.25 1.71 2.039 0.135

Social Network 5.68 1.56 6.09 1.52 5.00 1.65 2.869 0.061

Awareness of Existing Services 10.53 3.97 10.75 4.01 10.33 4.21 0.077 0.926

Service Barriers (SB)

Cultural Barriers 3.38 1.84 3.47 1.63 3.75 1.48 0.229 0.796

Structural Barriers 2.53 1.84 2.29 1.71 1.83 1.70 0.742 0.478

Attitudinal Barriers 0.95 1.24 1.13 1.27 0.58 1.16 1.070 0.346

Self Sufficiency 2.40 0.71 2.18 0.99 2.33 0.79 0.836 0.436

Activities of Daily Living 97.63 5.06 92.88 10.67 91.67 12.85 3.706 0.027

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living 7.13 1.22 6.57 1.33 6.00 0.95 4.444 0.014

Depression 4.40 4.01 3.47 3.83 2.50 1.78 1.437 0.242

278

Gender

Gender Male Female t(118) p

M SD M SD

Filial Responsibility 58.57 8.79 59.17 8.14 0.133 0.716

Community Service Attitude 38.86 5.39 37.05 6.52 1.483 0.141

Preference for Informal Care 9.35 2.51 10.05 3.18 1.389 0.241

Acceptance of Government Assistance 12.19 1.56 11.60 2.12 2.313 0.131

Concerns for Opinions of Others 6.95 1.86 7.16 2.06 0.289 0.592

Worry and Fear 7.03 1.86 7.34 2.00 0.644 0.424

Acculturation

Heritage (Chinese) 30.05 3.04 29.98 3.25 0.015 0.902

Mainstream (Australian) 18.24 3.40 16.98 4.34 2.474 0.118

Availability of Informal Carers 3.54 2.34 2.96 2.39 1.508 0.222

Social Support 21.19 3.17 21.04 4.30 0.038 0.847

Satisfaction with Social Support 15.54 2.56 15.11 3.12 0.547 0.461

Social Network 5.65 1.40 5.93 1.64 0.805 0.371

Awareness of Existing Services 10.97 4.02 10.48 3.98 0.387 0.535

Service Barriers (SB) 6.41 3.13 8.05 3.28 6.590 0.012

Cultural Barriers 3.14 1.81 3.61 1.60 2.115 0.148

Structural Barriers 2.03 1.77 2.46 1.73 1.559 0.214

Attitudinal Barriers 0.78 1.16 1.12 1.28 1.870 0.174

Self Sufficiency 2.54 0.65 2.14 0.95 5.293 0.023

Activities of Daily Living 95.54 9.41 93.81 9.78 0.822 0.366

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living 6.89 1.22 6.61 1.33 1.167 0.282

Depression 2.35 2.00 4.28 4.20 7.039 0.009

279

Living area

Living area Eastern Western

Southern Northern F(3,116) p

M SD M SD M SD M SD

Filial Responsibility 59.44 9.49 59.55 7.03 58.74 6.36 57.77 8.10 0.271 0.846

Community Service Attitude 38.82 5.47 37.65 5.28 36.63 7.09 35.73 7.41 1.663 0.179

Preference for Informal Care 9.06 2.82 10.00 2.87 10.68 2.91 10.69 3.23 2.561 0.058

Acceptance of Gov. Assistance 11.76 1.99 12.45 1.64 11.63 2.03 11.42 2.12 1.090 0.356

Concerns for Opinions of Others 6.76 1.89 7.00 1.65 7.42 2.41 7.62 2.06 1.298 0.279

Worry and Fear 7.09 1.88 7.80 1.54 6.89 2.31 7.38 2.12 0.898 0.445

Acculturation

Heritage (Chinese) 30.05 3.51 30.45 2.93 30.26 2.47 29.35 3.12 0.544 0.653

Mainstream (Australian) 17.31 4.37 18.45 3.93 16.79 3.36 17.08 4.21 0.631 0.596

Availability of Informal Carers 3.51 2.46 2.40 2.09 3.63 2.73 2.58 2.00 1.880 0.137

Social Support 20.95 4.27 22.50 4.27 20.74 3.43 20.54 3.37 1.082 0.360

Satisfaction with Social Support 15.13 3.16 15.70 3.08 15.32 2.89 15.08 2.53 0.215 0.886

Social Network 5.82 1.62 6.80 1.61 5.42 1.02 5.46 1.53 3.675 0.014

Awareness of Existing Services 10.22 4.21 10.65 3.57 9.47 3.34 12.35 3.89 2.423 0.069


Cultural Barriers 3.33 1.62 4.40 1.05 3.32 1.89 3.15 1.85 2.657 0.052

Structural Barriers 2.40 1.83 2.00 1.34 2.47 1.87 2.32 1.83 0.305 0.822

Attitudinal Barriers 1.02 1.34 1.30 1.30 1.05 1.22 0.77 1.03 0.682 0.565

Self Sufficiency 2.24 0.92 2.25 0.85 2.63 0.50 2.08 1.02 1.514 0.215

Activities of Daily Living 94.47 9.07 92.00 12.50 97.63 5.10 93.46 10.75 1.207 0.310

Instrumental Activities of Daily

Living

6.65 1.40 6.90 1.29 6.68 1.00 6.65 1.32 0.188 0.904

Depression 3.45 3.82 3.05 3.61 3.10 3.36 5.08 3.89 1.619 0.189

280

Immigration

Languages spoken at home

Language spoken at home Cantonese Mandarin Shanghainese Other F(3,116) p

M SD M SD M SD M SD





Concerns for opinions of others 6.50 2.15 7.10 1.78 8.24 1.70 6.33 2.38 3.971 0.010

Worry and Fear 6.55 1.68 7.39 1.95 6.95 1.50 8.07 2.58 2.153 0.097

Acculturation




Social Support 20.45 3.63 21.05 4.29 20.81 4.43 22.53 1.85 0.881 0.453


Social Network 5.45 1.63 6.03 1.51 5.86 1.93 5.60 1.12 0.865 0.462









Living

6.95 1.09 6.60 1.43 6.76 1.26 6.67 1.11 0.424 0.736

Depression 4.27 3.88 3.55 3.79 3.62 3.81 3.47 3.70 0.221 0.882

281

Years of residency

Year of arrival Before 1981 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2011 F(3,116) p

M SD M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 7.00 1.41 7.00 2.32 7.20 1.96 7.35 1.94 0.107 0.956

Acculturation




Social Support 21.00 1.41 21.50 3.55 22.34 3.33 19.45 4.32 5.367 0.002


Social Network 6.50 0.71 5.38 2.07 6.36 1.40 5.25 1.51 5.479 0.001


Service Barriers (SB) 5.50 0.71 6.75 2.60 7.16 3.62 8.22 2.98 1.377 0.253







Living

8.00 0.00 7.38 0.74 6.66 1.26 6.59 1.40 1.542 0.207

Depression 5.50 6.36 3.25 3.01 2.80 3.09 4.78 4.32 2.799 0.043

282

English Proficiency

English proficiency Not at all Not well Well Very well F(3,116) p

M SD M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 7.15 1.92 7.53 2.08 6.96 1.89 7.50 1.91 0.499 0.684

Acculturation




Social Support 19.96 4.21 21.71 3.89 22.12 3.35 23.00 2.00 2.700 0.049


Social Network 5.40 1.54 6.16 1.53 6.19 1.55 6.25 1.71 2.467 0.066









Living

6.23 1.28 6.74 1.29 7.62 0.70 6.50 1.91 7.709 0.000

Depression 4.62 4.25 3.26 3.48 2.46 2.60 3.50 4.36 2.202 0.092

283

Immigration Categories

Immigration Categories Parents Visa

Contributory Parent

Visa

Others F(2,117) p

M SD M SD M SD


Community Service Attitude 36.90 6.25 38.83 5.07 38.35 7.82 1.193 0.307



Concerns for opinions of others 7.26 1.89 6.55 1.80 7.35 2.55 1.598 0.207

Worry and Fear 7.40 1.86 7.35 1.96 6.35 2.21 2.095 0.128

Acculturation




Social Support 21.35 3.96 20.52 3.78 21.00 4.50 0.474 0.624


Social Network 6.04 1.60 5.45 1.43 5.71 1.76 1.617 0.203


Service Barriers (SB) 7.72 3.18 7.65 3.14 6.59 4.15 0.824 0.441







Depression 3.46 3.60 3.94 4.10 4.18 3.99 0.340 0.712

284

Social and economic status

Marital status

Marital status Married Divorced or separated Widowed F(2,117) p

M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 7.30 1.99 7.56 1.59 7.03 1.98 0.346 0.708

Acculturation




Social Support 20.99 3.81 22.00 3.12 21.06 4.58 0.259 0.772


Social Network 5.79 1.42 6.00 2.00 5.91 1.82 0.116 0.891









Depression 3.43 3.56 4.67 3.46 4.00 4.30 0.600 0.551

285

Living arrangements

Living arrangement Alone With Spouse only With other family F(2,117) p

M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 6.90 1.59 7.71 1.94 6.98 2.04 2.132 0.123

Acculturation




Social Support 22.60 3.07 21.13 3.97 20.49 4.18 2.108 0.126


Social Network 6.25 1.55 5.96 1.49 5.60 1.63 1.454 0.238









Depression 3.60 3.99 3.71 3.71 3.69 3.79 0.006 0.994

286

Religion

Religion No religion Christianity Buddhism Others F(3,116) p

M SD M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 7.35 1.95 7.37 1.84 6.76 2.11 6.60 2.30 0.627 0.599

Acculturation




Social Support 21.11 3.74 20.26 4.19 22.35 4.62 20.80 3.70 0.974 0.408


Social Network 5.73 1.59 5.67 1.41 6.65 1.66 5.60 1.34 1.788 0.153








Instrumental Activities of Daily Living 6.70 1.28 6.56 1.50 6.65 1.67 7.60 0.55 0.917 0.435

Depression 3.31 3.22 4.00 4.38 4.35 4.74 5.00 4.30 0.674 0.569

287

Education

Education None-Primary Secondary-High

school

College or TAFE Undergraduate

and above

F(3,116) p

M SD M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 6.92 2.15 7.03 2.26 7.76 1.76 7.28 1.70 0.772 0.512

Acculturation




Social Support 21.83 2.59 20.75 4.44 20.62 3.63 21.38 4.05 0.414 0.743


Social Network 5.83 1.59 5.85 1.55 5.81 1.60 5.85 1.63 0.004 1.000





Attitudinal Barriers .92 1.24 1.05 1.28 1.14 1.20 0.96 1.28 0.138 0.937

Self Sufficiency 2.33 .65 2.28 .91 2.19 1.08 2.28 0.85 0.076 0.973



Depression 3.00 4.00 4.40 4.13 3.52 3.25 3.32 3.61 0.770 0.513

288

Monthly Income

Monthly Income $0-$499 $500-$999 $1000-$1499 $1500+ F(3,116) p

M SD M SD M SD M SD




Acceptance of Government Assistance 11.86 2.80 12.11 1.59 11.46 1.89 12.67 0.82 1.267 0.289


Worry and Fear 6.91 2.31 7.60 1.96 7.23 1.82 6.50 1.76 0.892 0.448

Acculturation




Social Support 19.18 4.81 20.37 3.40 22.26 3.76 21.00 2.61 4.008 0.009


Social Network 5.41 1.74 5.26 1.20 6.47 1.50 4.83 1.47 6.978 0.000









Depression 5.09 4.55 4.43 3.95 2.75 3.14 3.00 3.29 2.831 0.041

289

Government Payments

Government Payment No payment Aged Pension Special Benefit Others F(3,116) p

M SD M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 7.22 2.10 7.02 1.86 8.31 1.70 7.43 2.15 1.624 0.188

Acculturation




Social Support 19.81 4.27 22.06 3.58 20.77 3.92 19.29 4.23 3.206 0.026


Social Network 5.56 1.54 6.22 1.53 5.23 1.42 5.00 1.73 3.106 0.029









Depression 4.36 4.38 2.78 3.04 3.92 3.75 8.00 3.21 5.198 0.002

290

Main source of income

Income source Support of adult

Children

Government

payments

Personal savings F(2,117) p

M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 6.92 2.21 7.30 1.88 7.50 1.93 0.490 0.614

Acculturation




Social Support 19.54 4.41 21.63 3.78 20.67 3.67 2.906 0.059


Social Network 5.38 1.55 6.00 1.58 5.75 1.48 1.550 0.217






Self Sufficiency 2.31 0.93 2.23 .88 2.42 .90 0.260 0.771



Depression 4.69 4.33 3.35 3.40 3.75 4.73 1.256 0.289

291

Income satisfaction

Income satisfaction Adequate Not very adequate Very inadequate F(2,117) p

M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 7.30 1.93 7.11 2.12 7.20 1.48 0.120 0.887

Acculturation




Social Support 21.87 3.57 20.03 4.32 16.20 2.49 7.298 0.001


Social Network 6.06 1.56 5.56 1.58 4.40 .55 3.640 0.029









Depression 3.01 3.25 4.61 4.36 7.60 3.65 5.431 0.006

292

Health

Self-assessed health status

Health Excellent/Very good Good Fair/Poor F(2,117) p

M SD M SD M SD






Worry and Fear 6.86 1.61 7.45 2.26 7.25 1.93 0.399 0.672

Acculturation




Social Support 23.07 3.25 21.50 3.28 20.64 4.17 2.444 0.091


Social Network 6.29 1.64 5.77 1.54 5.79 1.58 0.629 0.535









Depression 2.07 3.15 2.27 2.47 4.32 3.98 4.257 0.016

293

Need for assistance

Need for assistance NO Yes t(118) p

M SD M SD

Filial Responsibility 59.41 8.27 58.25 8.43 0.538 0.465

Community Service Attitude 38.03 6.62 36.89 5.48 0.933 0.336

Preference for Informal Care 9.80 2.88 9.88 3.22 0.020 0.888

Acceptance of Government Assistance 11.89 2.18 11.58 1.56 0.689 0.408

Concerns for opinions of others 6.84 2.06 7.53 1.80 3.391 0.068

Worry and Fear 7.22 2.09 7.27 1.72 0.017 0.895

Acculturation

Heritage (Chinese) 30.08 3.44 29.86 2.70 0.127 0.722

Mainstream (Australian) 18.09 4.03 16.11 3.97 6.800 0.010

Availability of Informal Carers 3.47 2.48 2.57 2.10 4.137 0.044

Social Support 21.37 3.69 20.59 4.43 1.066 0.304

Satisfaction with Social Support 15.49 2.82 14.82 3.15 1.436 0.233

Social Network 5.88 1.57 5.77 1.60 0.133 0.716

Awareness of Existing Services 10.05 4.20 11.64 3.40 4.537 0.035


Cultural Barriers 3.22 1.73 3.89 1.51 4.490 0.036

Structural Barriers 2.24 1.75 2.48 1.76 0.524 0.471

Attitudinal Barriers 0.97 1.24 1.09 1.27 0.243 0.623

Self Sufficiency 2.53 0.66 1.82 1.04 20.743 0.000

Activities of Daily Living 97.84 5.13 88.30 12.39 34.972 0.000

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living 7.14 0.99 5.93 1.42 30.197 0.000

Depression 3.07 3.43 4.75 4.11 5.805 0.018

Minerva Access is the Institutional Repository of The University of Melbourne

Author/s:Huang, Dolly Hsaio-Yun

Title:Understanding aged care use by older Chinese-speaking immigrants in Australia

Date:2016

Persistent Link:http://hdl.handle.net/11343/148408

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