appendix k - toxicity values · perfluorooctanesulfonic acid pfos aquatic plants duckweed lemna...

Appendix K - Toxicity values

Appendix K - Toxicity Study Data

Summary of Toxicity Data - Freshwater Plants

Chemical Abbreviation Test Organism Group

Test Organism - Common

Name Species Name Body Weight (kg) Duration Exposure Route Effect Endpoint Result Units

Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's

scale) (Batley, et al,

2014) Source Reference

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Myriophyllum sibiricum NA 42 d Direct - SW Root length NOEC 0.3 mg/L 78.4

Hanson ML, Sibley PK, Brain RA, Mabury SA, Solomon R (2005) Microcosm evaluation of the toxicity and risk to aquatic macrophytes from perfluorooctane sulfonic acid.

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 48:329–337.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Macrophyte Myriophyllum sibiricum NA 42 d Direct - SW Biomass EC10 0.6 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Wheat Triticum aestivum NA 30 d Direct - Sediment Growth NOEC 1 mg/kg 81.4

Zhao, S, Fang, S, Zhu, L, Liu, L & Zhang, Y 2014, ‘Mutual impacts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on the bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl

substances (PFAS) in soil’, Environmental Pollution, vol. 184, pp. 495–501.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Myriophyllum sibiricum NA 42 d Direct - SW Root length

EC50/LC50/IC

50 2.4 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Myriophyllum sibiricum NA 42 d Direct - SW Biomass NOEC 2.9 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Myriophyllum sibiricum NA 42 d Direct - SW Biomass

EC50/LC50/IC

50 3.4 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum NA 42 d Direct - SW Biomass EC10 3.5 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth NOEC 5.3 mg/L NS

https://www.nicnas.gov.au/chemical-

information/Topics-of-

interest/subjects/per-and-poly-

fluorinated-chemicals

OECD. 2002. Hazard assessment of perfluorooctane (PFOS) and its salts. Environment Directorate. Joint meeting of the chemicals committee and the working party on

chemicals, pesticides and biotechnology.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density NOEC 5.3 mg/L 78.4

Boudreau TM, Sibley PK, Mabury SA, Muir DCG, Solomon KR (2003a) Laboratory evaluation of the toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on Selenastrum

capricornutum, Chlorella vulgaris, Lemna gibba, Daphnia magna, and Daphnia pulicaria. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 44:307–313.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density EC10 5.3 mg/L 79.4

Boudreau TM, Wilson CJ, Cheong W-J, Sibley PK, Mabury SA, Muir DCG, Solomon KR. 2003b. Response of the zooplankton community and environmental fate of

perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in aquatic microocsms. Ecotoxicol Environ Chem 22: 2739-2745

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants duckweed Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Biomass NOEC 6.6 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Macrophyte Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Wet weight EC10 6.6 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density NOEC 8.2 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density EC10 8.2 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 96 h Direct - SW Chlorophyll a EC10 9.6 mg/L 79.4



potassium salt of PFOS (Where a different

salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density EC10 10 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density EC10 10 mg/L NF 3M (1981), ref 13 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Myriophyllum spicatum NA 42 d Direct - SW Biomass NOEC 11.4 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Myriophyllum spicatum NA 42 d Direct - SW Root length NOEC 11.4 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Isochyrsis galbana NA 72 h Direct - SW Growth EC10 12.2 mg/L 73.5 Mhadhbi et al. 2012 cited in CRCCARE Technical Report No. 38 Part 3

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW

Reduced growth rate and

biomass NOEC 12.5 mg/L NS



OECD (2008). SIDS Initial Assessment Report for Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctanoic Acid. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development,

Paris, France. Accessed 25 February 2015 at http://webnet.oecd.org.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Myriophyllum spicatum NA 42 d Direct - SW Biomass

EC50/LC50/IC

50 12.5 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants duckweed Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Frond count NOEC 15 mg/L NF

Desjardins D, Sutherland C, VanHoven RL, Krueger HO (2001c) PFOS: A 7-d toxicity test with duckweed (Lemna gibba G3). Wildlife International, Ltd. Project Number 454-

111, EPA Docket AR226-1030a054.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Macrophyte Lemna gibba G3 NA 7 d Direct - SW Inhibition of frond production NOEC 15.1 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2001a), ref 37 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 14 d Direct - SW Cell density EC10 16 mg/L NF 3M (1981), ref 13 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Chlorophyll a NOEC 16.6 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Chlorophyll a EC10 16.6 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Myriophyllum spicatum NA 42 d Direct - SW Root length

EC50/LC50/IC

50 16.7 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants duckweed Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Frond count NOEC 29.2 mg/L NF


111, EPA Docket AR226-1030a054.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Macrophyte Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Frond number EC10 29.2 mg/L 79.4




salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants duckweed Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW NA IC50 31.1 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants duckweed Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Biomass

EC50/LC50/IC

50 31.1 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Macrophyte Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Wet weight EC50 31.1 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 72 h Direct - SW Cell density EC10 37 mg/L NA

DCG, Solomon KR. 2003. Response of the zooplankton community and environmental fate of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in aquatic microocsms. Ecotoxicol Environ Chem

22: 2739-2745

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Aquatic Plants Algae Isochrysis galbana NA 72 h Direct - SW Growth EC10 41.6 mg/L 73.5

Mhadhbi, L, Rial, D, Pérez, S & Beiras, R 2012, ‘Ecological risk assessment of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in marine environment

using Isochrysis galbana, Paracentrotus lividus, Siriella armata and Psetta maxima’, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1375–1382.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density NOEC 42 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000a) PFOS: A 96-hr toxicity test with the freshwater alga (Selenastrum capricornutum). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project Number 454A-103A,

EPA Docket AR226-0085.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Inhibition of growth rate NOEC 42 mg/L NF




salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW cell density, growth rate NOEC 44 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 72 h Direct - SW Area under the curve EC10 46 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2002b), ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Reduced Growth IC50 48.2 mg/L NS



1.) OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. Accessed 11

November 2014 at http://www.oecd.org/.


salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density IC50 48.2 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density

EC50/LC50/IC

50 48.2 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density IC50 48.2 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density EC10 49 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2002b), ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Area under the curve EC10 49 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2002b), ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

PFHxA Aquatic Plants Algae Scenedesmus subspicatus NA 72 h Direct - SW Reduced Growth NOEC 50 mg/L NF


information/Topics-of- ENVIRON (2014). Assessment of POP Criteria for Specific Short-Chain Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances. ENVIRON International Corporation, Arlington, USA.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 72 h Direct - SW Growth Rate EC10 53 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2002b), ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth Rate EC10 59 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2002b), ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants duckweed Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Frond count

EC50/LC50/IC

50 59.1 mg/L NF


111, EPA Docket AR226-1030a054.

RAAF Base Tindal PFAS Ecological Risk Assessment






Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Macrophyte Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Frond number EC50 59.1 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Chlorophyll a

EC50/LC50/IC

50 59.2 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Chlorophyll a IC50 59.2 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density

EC50/LC50/IC

50 68 mg/L NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 72 h Direct - SW Cell density EC50 70 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000b) ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010


salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Selenastrum capricornutum algae NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density EC50 71 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density EC50 71 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000b) ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW area under curve EbC50 71 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000b) ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 72 h Direct - SW area under curve EbC50 74 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000b) ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010


salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flos-aquae NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density IC50 81.6 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density

EC50/LC50/IC

50 81.6 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density IC50 81.6 mg/L 79.4




salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density EC50 82 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorocarboxylic Acids PFBA Aquatic Plants Algae Scenedesmus subspicatus NA 72 h Direct - SW Reduced Growth EC50 86 mg/L 25.5



1.) Barmentlo SH, Stel JM, van Doorn M, Eschauzier C, de Voogt P and Kraak MHS (2015). Acute and chronic toxicity of short chained perfluoroalkyl substances to Daphnia

magna. Environmental Pollution, 198,pp 47-53.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 96 h Direct - SW Chlorophyll a IC50 88.1 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density EC50 92 mg/L NF 3M (2001), ref 13 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flosaquae NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density NOEC 93.8 mg/L NF

Desjardins D, Sutherland CA, VanHoven RL, Krueger HO (2001a) PFOS: A 96-hr toxicity test with the freshwater alga (Anabaena flos-aquae). Wildlife International, Ltd.,

Project Number 454A-110B, EPA Docket AR226-0186.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flosaquae NA 96 h Direct - SW Inhibition of growth rate NOEC 93.8 mg/L NF




salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flos-aquae NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth NOEC 94 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flos-aqua NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth Rate NOEC 94 mg/L NF 3M (2001), ref 36 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Wheat Triticum aestivum NA 7 d Direct - Sediment Growth NOEC 100 mg/kg NS

Qi, P, Wang, Y, Mu, J & Wang, J 2011, ‘Aquatic predicted no-effect concentration derivation for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid’, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.

30, no. 4, pp. 836–842.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants duckweed Lemna gibba NA 7 d Direct - SW Frond count

EC50/LC50/IC

50 108 mg/L NF


111, EPA Docket AR226-1030a054.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 72 h Direct - SW Growth Rate ErC50 120 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000b) ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Inhibition of growth rate

EC50/LC50/IC

50 121 mg/L NF




salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW growth rate EC50 126 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth Rate ErC50 126 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000b) ref 2 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flosaquae NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density

EC50/LC50/IC

50 131 mg/L NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Navicula pelliculosa NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density NOEC 150 mg/L NF

Sutherland CA, Krueger HO (2001) PFOS: A 96-hr toxicity test with the freshwater diatom (Navicula pelliculosa). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project Number 454A-112. EPA

Docket AR226-1030a055.


salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flos-aquae NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth EC50 176 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flosaquae NA 96 h Direct - SW Inhibition of growth rate

EC50/LC50/IC

50 176 mg/L NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flos-aqua NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth Rate EC50 176 mg/L NF 3M (2001), ref 36 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010


salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flos-aquae NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth NOEC 206 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Navicula pelliculosa NA 96 h Direct - SW Inhibition of growth rate NOEC 206 mg/L NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Navicula pelliculosa NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth Rate NOEC 206 mg/L NS 3M (2001), ref 38 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Aquatic Plants Algae Geitlerinema amphibium NA 72 h Direct - SW Growth EC50 248 mg/L 78.4

Latala A, Nedzi M and Stepnowski P (2009). Acute toxicity assessment of perfluorinated carboxylic acids towards the Baltic microalgae. Environmental Toxicology and

Pharmacology, 28, pp 167-171.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Navicula pelliculosa NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density

EC50/LC50/IC

50 263 mg/L NF




salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Anabaena flos-aquae NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth EC50 305 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Navicula pelliculosa NA 96 h Direct - SW Inhibition of growth rate

EC50/LC50/IC

50 305 mg/L NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Navicula pelliculosa NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth Rate EC50 305 mg/L NF 3M (2001), ref 38 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Aquatic Plants Algae Skeletonema marinoi NA 72 h Direct - SW Growth EC50 369 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Reduced Growth EC50 396 mg/L NS





Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 72 h Direct - SW Growth EC50 977 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Reduced Growth NOEC 1077 mg/L 67.6



NICNAS, 2005 - NICNAS (2005). Existing Chemical Hazard Assessment Report: Potassium Perfluorobutane Sulfonate. National Industrial Chemical Notification and

Assessment Scheme, Sydney, Australia. Accessed at http://www.nicnas.gov.au.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Biomass NOEC 1077 mg/L NF

Wildlife International Ltd (2001e) PFBS:A96-hour static acute toxicity testwith the freshwater alga (Selenastrum capricornutum). Wildlife International Ltd., Project No. 454A-

129.

Perfluoroheptanoic Acid PFHpA Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 72 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 1896 mg/L 78.4





Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Biomass LOEC 2216 mg/L NF


129.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Biomass LC50 2347 mg/L NF


129.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Aquatic Plants Algae Selenastrum capricornutum NA 96 h Direct - SW Reduced Growth EC50 5733 mg/L 67.6






salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Skeletonema costatum NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth EC50 >3.2 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.


salt was used in the study, the result has NA Aquatic Plants Algae Skeletonema costatum NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth NOEC >3.2 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.







Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Skeletonema costatum NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density NOEC >3.2 mg/L NF

Desjardins D, Sutherland CA, VanHoven RL, Krueger HO (2001b) PFOS: A 96-hr toxicity test with the marine diatom (Skeletonema costatum). Wildlife International, Ltd.,

Project Number 454A-113A, EPA Docket AR226-1030a056.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Skeletonema costatum NA 96 h Direct - SW Cell density

EC50/LC50/IC

50 >3.2 mg/L NF

Desjardins D, Sutherland CA, VanHoven RL, Krueger HO (2001b) PFOS: A 96-hr toxicity test with the marine diatom (Skeletonema costatum). Wildlife International, Ltd.,

Project Number 454A-113A, EPA Docket AR226-1030a056.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Skeletonema costatum NA 96h Direct - SW Growth EC10 >3.2 mg/L NS OECD 2002 No 39 cited in CRCCARE Technical Report No. 38 Part 3

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Skeletonema costatum NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth Rate EC50 >3.2 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2001b), ref 39 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Skeletonema costatum NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth Rate NOEC >3.2 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2001b), ref 39 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW MLDH - Biochemistry LOEC 120000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW ROXS - Biochemistry LOEC 120000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW PERM - Biochemistry LOEC 160000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW CHLB - Biochemistry LOEC 160000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW CTLS - Biochemistry LOEC 40000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW CHLA - Biochemistry LOEC 40000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW PERM - Biochemistry NOEC 120000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW CHLB - Biochemistry NOEC 120000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW ROXS - Biochemistry NOEC 80000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW MLDH - Biochemistry NOEC 80000 µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Plants Algae Chlorella vulgaris NA 4 d Direct - SW SODA - Biochemistry (40000 - 200000) µg/L 61.8 ECOTOX Xu,D., X. Chen, and B. Shao .2017. Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.98(1): 127-132



Summary of Toxicity Data - Freshwater Invertebrates

Chemical Abbreviation Test Organism Group Test Organism - Common Name Species Name Body Weight (kg) Duration Exposure Route Effect Endpoint Result Units

Data Quality

Score (modified

Hobb's scale)

(Batley, et al,


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Enallagma cyathigerum 120 d Direct - SW Foraging success NOEC 0.01 mg/L 69.6

Van Gossum H, Bots J, Snijkers T, Meyer J, Van Wasenbergh S, De Coen W, De Bruyn L. 2009. Behaviour of damselfly larvae (Enallagma cyathigerum) (Insecta, Odonata) after

long-term exposure to PFOS. Environ Pollut 157: 1332-1336.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Enallagma cyathigerum 120 d Direct - SW larval survival NOEC 0.01 mg/L 68.6 Bots et al., 2010 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 20 d Direct - SW Growth NOEC 0.022 mg/L 78.4

MacDonald MM, Warne AL, Stock NL, Mabury SA, Solomon KR, Sibley PK (2004) Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoate to Chironomus tentans.

Environ Toxicol Chem 23:2116–2123.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 10 d Direct - SW Growth NOEC 0.049 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 10 d Direct - SW Growth EC10 0.049 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 10 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 0.049 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Midge Chironomus tentans 10 d Mortality and Growth NOEC 0.0491 mg/L NS




UNEP (2006). Risk profile on perfluorooctane sulfonate. United Nations Environment Programme, Châtelaine, Switzerland. Accessed 18 November 2014 at

http://chm.pops.int/.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Midge Chironomus tentans NA 10 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 0.05 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Midge Chironomus tentans NA 10 d Direct - SW Chlorophyll a NOEC 0.05 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW number of young/adult EC10 0.079 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010

Ji K, Kim Y, Oh S, Anh B, Jo H, Choi K. 2008. Toxicity of perfluorooctace sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid on freshwater macroinvertebrates (Daphnia magna and

Moina macrocopa) and fish (Oryzias latipes). Environ Toxicol Chem 27: 2159-2168.Ji et al., 2008 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 20 d Direct - SW Survival EC10 0.086 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Midge Chironomus tentans NA 10 d Direct - SW Chlorophyll a EC50/LC50/IC50 0.087 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 20 d Direct - SW Growth EC10 0.088 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 36 d Direct - SW Total Emergence EC10 0.089 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Midge Chironomus tentans NA 20 d Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 0.092 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Midge Chironomus tentans NA 20 d Direct - SW Chlorophyll a EC50/LC50/IC50 0.094 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 20 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 0.095 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Enallagma cyathigerum 20 d Direct - SW larval survival NOEC 0.1 mg/L 68.6 Bots et al., 2010 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 10 d Direct - SW Survival EC10 0.108 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW number of young/brood EC10 0.17 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW number of broods/adult EC10 0.29 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW number of young/adult LOEC 0.3125 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW number of young/brood NOEC 0.3125 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW number of broods/adult NOEC 0.3125 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW population growth rate EC10 0.4 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Immobility NOEC 0.8 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW population growth rate EC10 1 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Enallagma cyathigerum 15 d Direct - SW hatching NOEC 1 mg/L 68.6 Bots et al., 2010 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW Adult Survival EC10 1.1 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW number of young/adult EC10 1.1 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW Adult Survival EC10 1.1 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW days to first brood NOEC 1.25 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW number of young/adult NOEC 1.25 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW number of young/adult NOEC 1.25 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW Adult Survival NOEC 1.25 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW number of young/brood EC10 1.7 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010




salt was used in the study, the result has

been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EL50 2.66 mg/L NS

OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. Accessed 11


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW number of broods/adult EC10 3.7 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Immobility/mortality EC50 4 mg/L NF Asci (1996), ref 29 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010



been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 21 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 5.3 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 21 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 5.3 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW Adult Survival EC10 5.3 mg/L 79.4





been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 28 d Direct - SW Reporduction NOEC 7 mg/L NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 28 d Direct - SW Reproduction NOEC 7 mg/L NF 3M (1984), ref 15 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 28 d Direct - SW Reproduction NOEC 7 mg/L NS







2.) UNEP (2006). Risk profile on perfluorooctane sulfonate. United Nations Environment Programme, Châtelaine, Switzerland. Accessed 18 November 2014 at


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Neocaridina denticulate 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 10 mg/L 74.5 Li M-H. 2009. Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to plants and aquatic invertebrates. Environ Toxicol 24: 95-101.

≥





Data Quality

Score (modified

Hobb's scale)

(Batley, et al,


Perfluorodecanesulfonate PFDS Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 11 mg/L 20.6





Hekster F, de Voogt P, Pijnenburg A and Laane R (2002). Perfluoroalkylated substances: Aquatic environmental assessment, Report RIKZ/2002.043. Government of the

Netherlands Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed 22 December 2014 at http://repository.tudelft.nl.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 21 d Direct - SW Reporduction NOEC 12 mg/L NS





been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 21 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 12 mg/L NS





been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 21 d Direct - SW Growth NOEC 12 mg/L NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW 2nd-Gen Survival NOEC 12 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000f) PFOS: A semi-static life-cycle toxicity test with the cladoceran (Daphnia magna). Wildlife International Ltd., Project No. 454A-109, EPA Docket

AR226-0099.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 12 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000g), ref 9 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW Reproduction NOEC 12 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000g), ref 9 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW Growth NOEC 12 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000g), ref 9 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia pulicaria NA 48 h Direct - SW Immobility NOEC 13.6 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Platyhelmintes Dugesia japonica 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 17 mg/L 74.5 Li M-H. 2009. Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to plants and aquatic invertebrates. Environ Toxicol 24: 95-101.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 48 h Direct - SW Immobility/mortality EC50 18 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW Reproduction NOEC 20 mg/L NS







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Freshwater mussel

Unio

complanatus NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival NOEC 20 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000c) PFOS: A 96-hr static acute toxicity test with the freshwater mussel (Unio complanatus). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-105,


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Platyhelmintes Dugesia japonica 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 23 mg/L 74.5 Li M-H. 2009. Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to plants and aquatic invertebrates. Environ Toxicol 24: 95-101.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW Adult Survival NOEC 25 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW days to first brood NOEC 25 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW

number of young/adult or

brood NOEC 25 mg/L 79.4





been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 27 mg/L NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Immobility/mortality EC50 27 mg/L NF 3M (1984), ref 15 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 27 mg/L NS









Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Survival/Immobility NOEC 32 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, KruegerHO(2000b) PFOS: A 48-hr static acute toxicity test with the cladoceran (Daphnia magna). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-104, EPA Docket

AR226-0087.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Survival NOEC 33.1 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Immobility/mortality EC50 37.4 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 21 d Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 42.9 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia pulicaria NA 48 h Direct - SW Survival NOEC 46.9 mg/L 79.4








Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 58 mg/L NF Robertson JC (1986) Potential for environmental impact of AFA-6 surfactant. Beak Consultants Ltd. Missassauga, Ontario, Canada. EPA Docket AR226-1030a043.




been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Freshwater mussel Unio complanatus NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 59 mg/L NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Freshwater mussel

Unio

complanatus NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 59 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000c) PFOS: A 96-hr static acute toxicity test with the freshwater mussel (Unio complanatus). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-105,


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Mollusc Unio complamatus 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 59 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000h) ref 5 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010






Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Survival/Immobility EC50/LC50/IC50 61 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, KruegerHO(2000b) PFOS: A 48-hr static acute toxicity test with the cladoceran (Daphnia magna). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-104, EPA Docket

AR226-0087.


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 63 mg/L 74.5 Li M-H. 2009. Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to plants and aquatic invertebrates. Environ Toxicol 24: 95-101.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 67 mg/L NF Robertson JC (1986) Potential for environmental impact of AFA-6 surfactant. Beak Consultants Ltd. Missassauga, Ontario, Canada. EPA Docket AR226-1030a043.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 67.2 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Immobility EC50/LC50/IC50 67.2 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Immobility/mortality EC50 67.2 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Aquatic Invertebrate Midge Chironomus tentans 10 d Mortality NOEC 100 mg/L NS







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Midge Chironomus tentans NA Direct - SW Survival/Emergence/Growth IC50 100 ug/L-1 NF Ding G, Peijnenburg WJGM. 2013. Physicochemical properties and aquatic toxicity of poly- and perfluorinated compounds. Crit Rev Env Sci Tech 43:598–678.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 130 mg/L 79.4







Data Quality

Score (modified

Hobb's scale)

(Batley, et al,




been converted for this evaluation) NA Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia pulicaria NA 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 134 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia pulicaria NA 48 h Direct - SW Immobility EC50/LC50/IC50 134 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia pulicaria 48 h Direct - SW Immobility/mortality EC50 134 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia pulicaria NA 48 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 169 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Mollusc Physa acuta 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 178 mg/L 74.5 Li M-H. 2009. Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to plants and aquatic invertebrates. Environ Toxicol 24: 95-101.






Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 360 mg/L NS







Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna NA 21 d Direct - SW Reproduction NOEC 502 mg/L 67.6






Assessment Scheme, Sydney, Australia. Accessed 21 January 2015 at http://www.nicnas.gov.au.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 21 d Direct - SW Reproduction/Length NOEC 502 mg/L NF Wildlife International Ltd (2001 g) PFBS: A semi-static life-cycle toxicity test with the cladoceran (Daphnia magna). Wildlife International Ltd., Project No. 454A-130.

PFHxA Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW Reproduction EC50 776 mg/L 25.5





Barmentlo SH, Stel JM, van Doorn M, Eschauzier C, de Voogt P and Kraak MHS (2015). Acute and chronic toxicity of short chained perfluoroalkyl substances to Daphnia


Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW NOEC 886 mg/L NF

Wildlife International Ltd. (2001b) Perfluorobutane sulfonate, Potassium salt (PFBS):A48-hour static acute toxicity test with the cladoceran (Daphnia magna). Wildlife

International Ltd., Project No. 454A-118A.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 21 d Direct - SW Reproduction/Length LOEC 995 mg/L NF Wildlife International Ltd (2001 g) PFBS: A semi-static life-cycle toxicity test with the cladoceran (Daphnia magna). Wildlife International Ltd., Project No. 454A-130.

Perfluorocarboxylic Acids PFBA Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 1048 mg/L 25.5







2.) ENVIRON (2014). Assessment of POP Criteria for Specific Short-Chain Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances. ENVIRON International Corporation, Arlington, USA. Accessed 13

March 2013 at http://fluorocouncil.com.

3.) US FDA (2009). Environmental Assessment: Notification of use of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDMI) homopolymer blocked with 2-perfluorohexylethyl alcohol. United

States Food and Drug Authority, Washington DC, USA. Accessed 19 March 2015 at http://www.fda.gov.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW LOEC 1707 mg/L NF



Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 2183 mg/L 67.6






Assessment Scheme, Sydney, Australia. Accessed 21 January 2015 at http://www.nicnas.gov.au.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Aquatic Invertebrate Water Flea Daphnia magna NA 48 h Direct - SW LC50 2183 mg/L NF



Perfluorocarboxylic Acids PFBA Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 5251 mg/L 25.5









3.) US FDA (2009). Environmental Assessment: Notification of use of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDMI) homopolymer blocked with 2-perfluorohexylethyl alcohol. United

States Food and Drug Authority, Washington DC, USA. Accessed 19 March 2015 at http://www.fda.gov.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Chironomus tentans 36 d Direct - SW Total Emergence NOEC <0.0023 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Insect Enallagma cyathigerum 120 d Direct - SW metamorphosis NOEC <0.01 mg/L 68.6 Bots et al., 2010 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Midge Chironomus tentans NA 10 d Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 >0.15 mg/L 78.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 >100 mg/L 20.6





1.) ECHA (2014a). Heptadecafluorooctanesulphonyl fluoride. European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland. Accessed 11 November 2014 at http://apps.echa.europa.eu/.

2.) Hekster F, de Voogt P, Pijnenburg A and Laane R (2002). Perfluoroalkylated substances: Aquatic environmental assessment, Report RIKZ/2002.043. Government of the

Netherlands Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed 22 December 2014 at http://repository.tudelft.nl/.

Perfluoroheptanoic Acid PFHpA Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnid Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 >10000 mg/L 78.5





Boudreau TM (2002). Toxicity of Perfluorinated Organic Acids to Selected Freshwater Organisms under Laboratory and Field Conditions. University of Guelph, Accessed 11

May 2015 at http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 48 h Direct - SW Immobility/mortality EC50 >210 mg/L NF 3M (2000), ref 17 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW Adult Survival NOEC ≥5 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna 21 d Direct - SW number of broods/adult NOEC ≥5 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Moina macrocopa 7 d Direct - SW days to first brood NOEC ≥5 mg/L 69.6 RIVM 2010



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - TYRO LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short

Wagner,N.D., A.J. Simpson, and M.J. Simpson. 2016. Metabolic responses to sublethal contaminant exposure in neonate and adult Daphnia magna. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.

36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - GMIN LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - VALI LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - ARGI LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - ILEU LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - LYSI LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - LEUC LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - PHEN LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - ARGI LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - METH LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - GTMA LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - TYRO LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - LYSI LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

≥





Data Quality

Score (modified

Hobb's scale)

(Batley, et al,


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - LEUC LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - PHEN LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - ALAN LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - ASPR LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - ILEU LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - VALI LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - ALAN LOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - TYRP NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - PRLN NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - GMIN NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - LACT NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - GLUC NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - GLCN NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - GTMA NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - ASPR NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW GRO - GRRT NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - THRE NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - SERI NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - METH NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946



36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - METH NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946



36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - THRE NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - PRLN NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - GLCN NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - LACT NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - GLUC NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Daphnia magna NA 2 d Direct - SW BCM - TYRP NOEC 36000 µg/L 53.9 https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/report.cfm?type=short


36(4): 938 - 946



Summary of Toxicity Data - Marine and Freshwater Fish


Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's

scale) (Batley, et

al, 2014) Source Reference

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Turbot Psetta maxima 144 h Developmental and survival endpointsNOEC 0.015 mg/L 73.5



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Turbot Psetta maxima 144 h Direct - SW embryo development EC10 0.02 mg/L 73.5



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 21 d Direct - SW Spawning NOEC 0.0276 mg/L 76.5

Ankley GT, Kuehl DW, Kahl MD, Jensen KM, Linnum A , Leino RL, Villeneuve DA. 2005. Reproductive and developmental toxicity and bioconcentration of

perfluorooctancesulfonate in a partial life-cycle test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ Toxicol Chem 24: 2316-2324.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Japanese Rice Fish Oryzias latipes 14 d Direct - SW reproduction NOEC 0.1 mg/L 69.6


Moina macrocopa) and fish (Oryzias latipes). Environ Toxicol Chem 27: 2159-2168.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 47 d Direct - SW Early life stage NOEC 0.29 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000i) PFOS: An early life-stage toxicity test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454-108,


Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 42 d Direct - SW Mortality and Growth NOEC 0.3 mg/L NS





1.) OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. Accessed

11 November 2014 at http://www.oecd.org/.





been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 42 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 0.3 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 42 d Direct - SW Growth NOEC 0.3 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 28 d Direct - SW Microcosm NOEC 0.3 mg/L 76.5

Oakes KD, Sibley PK, Martin JW, MacLean DD, Solomon KR, Mabury SA, Van der Kraak GJ. 2005. Short-term exposures of fish to perfluorooctane sulfonate: acute effects on

fatty acyl-coa oxidase activity, oxidative stress, and circulating sex steroids . Environ Toxicol Chem 24: 1172-1181.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 42 d Direct - SW Post-hatch survival NOEC 0.3 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000c), ref 8 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 42 d Direct - SW Post-hatch growth NOEC 0.3 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000c), ref 8 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 47 d Direct - SW Early life stage LOEC 0.58 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000i) PFOS: An early life-stage toxicity test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454-108,




been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 30 d Direct - SW Els NOEC 1 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish NA Direct - SW Development of Motor Neurons LOAEL 1 mg/L NS

Zhang L, Li YY,Chen T, XiaW,Zhou Y,WanYJ, LvZQ, Li GQ,XuSQ. 2011. Abnormal development of motor neurons in perfluorooctane sulphonate exposed zebrafish embryos.

Ecotoxicology 20:643–652.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Medaka Oryzias melastigma 144 h Direct - SW embryo development NOEC 1 mg/L 65.7

Huang, Q, Fang, C, Wu, X, Fan, J & Dong, S 2011, ‘Perfluorooctane sulfonate impairs the cardiac development of a marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma)’, Aquatic

toxicology, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 71–77.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 30 d Direct - SW ELS NOEC 1 mg/L NF 3M (2000), ref 14 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Fish Turbot Psetta maxima 144 h Developmental and survival endpointsNOEC 1.5 mg/L 73.5



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 28 d Direct - SW Microcosm LOEC 3 mg/L 76.5



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival NOEC 3.2 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000 h) PFOS: A 96-hr static acute toxicity test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454-102,


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 30 d Direct - SW Mortality LC10 3.5 mg/L 76.5



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Fish Turbot Psetta maxima 144 h Direct - SW embryo development EC10 3.9 mg/L 73.5



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Medaka Oryzias melastigma 10 d Direct - SW Growth NOEC 4 mg/L 64.7

Fang, C, Huang, Q, Ye, T, Chen, Y, Liu, L, Kang, M, Lin, Y, Shen, H & Dong, S 2013, ‘Embryonic exposure to PFOS induces immunosuppression in the fish larvae of marine

medaka’, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 92, pp. 104–111.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 5 d Direct - SW Hatch NOEC 4.6 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 4.7 mg/L NS









Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 4.7 mg/L NS 3M (1994), ref 16 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorodecanesulfonate PFDS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 4.8 mg/L 20.6









been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 5 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival LOEC 5.4 mg/L NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival NOEC 6.3 mg/L NF

Palmer SJ, Van Hoven RL, Krueger HO (2002a) Perfluorooctanesulfonate, potassium salt (PFOS): A 96-hr static acute toxicity test with the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus

mykiss). Wildlife International Ltd. Report No. 454A-145. EPA Docket AR226-1030a044.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 6.9 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 28 d Direct - SW Microcosm EC50/LC50/IC50 7.2 mg/L 76.5





been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 7.8 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 7.8 mg/L NF Robertson JC (1986) Potential for environmental impact of AFA-6 surfactant. Beak Consultants Ltd. Missassauga, Ontario, Canada. EPA Docket AR226-1030a043.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 7.8 mg/L NF AB Laboratories (1979), ref 20 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 7.8 mg/L NF Beak (1985a), ref 31 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 9.1 mg/L NF





been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 9.5 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 9.5 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000a) ref 1 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival LOEC 13 mg/L NF





been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 13.7 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Trout Onchorynchus mykiss 96 h Direct - SW Survival LC50 13.7 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 13.7 mg/L NF Beak (1985c), ref 30 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

≥

≥





Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's

scale) (Batley, et




been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 15 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 22 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 22 mg/L NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 22 mg/L NF 3M (2002), ref 42 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Fish Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 85 d Direct - SW Mortality NOEC 40 mg/L NS









been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 133 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 200 mg/L NF 3M (2001), ref 28 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 301 mg/L NS







Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW NOEC 888 mg/L NF

Wildlife International Ltd (2001c) Perfluorobutane sulfonate, potassium salt (PFBS): A 96-hour static acute toxicity test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).

Wildlife International Ltd., Project No. 454A-115.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW LOEC 1655 mg/L NF



Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 1938 mg/L 67.5





NICNAS (2005). Existing Chemical Hazard Assessment Report: Potassium Perfluorobutane Sulfonate. National Industrial Chemical Notification and Assessment Scheme,

Sydney, Australia. Accessed 21 January 2015 at http://www.nicnas.gov.au.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas NA 96 h Direct - SW LC50 1938 mg/L NF



Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Fish Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus NA 96 h Direct - SW NOEC 2715 mg/L NF

Wildlife International Ltd. (2001d) Perfluorobutane sulfonate, Potassium salt (PFBS):A96-hour static acute toxicity test with bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Wildlife

International Ltd., Project No. 454A-114.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Fish Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus NA 96 h Direct - SW LOEC 5252 mg/L NF



Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Fish Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus NA 96 h Direct - SW LC50 6452 mg/L NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Japanese Rice Fish Oryzias latipes 14 d Direct - SW survival of larvae LOEC 0.01 mg/L 69.6


Moina macrocopa) and fish (Oryzias latipes). Environ Toxicol Chem 27: 2159-2168.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish

Cyprinodon

variegatus NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival NOEC <15 mg/L NF

Palmer SJ, van Hoven RL, Krueger HO (2002b) Perfluorooctanesulfonate, potassium salt (PFOS): A 96-hr static renewal acute toxicity test with the sheepshead minnow

(Cyprinodon variegatus). Wildlife International Ltd. Report No. 454A-146A.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Fish Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus NA 62 d Direct - SW Mortality NOEC >0.086, <0.87 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 21 d Direct - SW Hatching Success NOEC >0.281 mg/L 76.5



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 21 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC >0.281 mg/L 76.5



Perfluorocarboxylic Acids PFBA Fish 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 >100 mg/L 25.5









3.) US FDA (2009). Environmental Assessment: Notification of use of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDMI) homopolymer blocked with 2-perfluorohexylethyl alcohol.

United States Food and Drug Authority, Washington DC, USA. Accessed 19 March 2015 at http://www.fda.gov.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Fish Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 >1000 mg/L 20.6







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish

Cyprinodon

variegatus NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 >15 mg/L NF

Palmer SJ, van Hoven RL, Krueger HO (2002b) Perfluorooctanesulfonate, potassium salt (PFOS): A 96-hr static renewal acute toxicity test with the sheepshead minnow

(Cyprinodon variegatus). Wildlife International Ltd. Report No. 454A-146A.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Minnow Cyprinodon variegatus 96 h Direct - SW Survival LC50 >15 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Minnow Cyprinodon variegatus 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 >15 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2002), ref 43 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

PFHxA Fish Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 56 d Direct - SW

Hatching success, post-hatch

survival, length and weight

observed NOEC ≥10.1 mg/L NF





ENVIRON (2014). Assessment of POP Criteria for Specific Short-Chain Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances. ENVIRON International Corporation, Arlington, USA. Accessed 13


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus 62 d Direct - SW survival NOEC 0.086-0.87 mg/L NF 3M (2001), ref 41 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW MOR LC50 3502 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX

Wang,S., C. Zhuang, J. Du, C. Wu, and H. You (2017). The Presence of MWCNTs Reduces Developmental Toxicity of PFOS in Early Life Stage of Zebrafish. Environ.

Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW ENZ LOEC 330 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW BCM LOEC 330 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 2 d Direct - SW PHY LOEC 330 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW DVP LOEC 640 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW MOR LOEC 330 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW BCM LOEC 170 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW GRO LOEC 330 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.



Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 3 d Direct - SW MOR LOEC 640 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.



Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 2 d Direct - SW PHY NOEC 170 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW ENZ NOEC 170 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 3 d Direct - SW MOR NOEC 330 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.



Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW GRO NOEC 170 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW MOR NOEC 170 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW BCM NOEC 170 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.



Pollut.222:201-209.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 4 d Direct - SW DVP NOEC 330 ug/L 76.5 ECOTOX


Pollut.222:201-209.





Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's

scale) (Batley, et


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Fish Zebrafish Danio rerio NA 90 d Direct - SW

Hatching success and

development LOEC 0.734 ug/L NF

Cited in DoEE (2016), Draft Commonwealth Environmental Management Guidance on PFOS and PFOA, Appendix B - Derivation of Water Quality Default Guideline Values

for PFOS.



Summary of Toxicity Data - Marine Plants


Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's

scale) (Batley, et


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine plant Skeletonema costatum 96 h Growth endpoints EC50 3.2 mg/kg NS Enivironment Agency 2004 cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Marine plant Isochyrsis galbana 72 h Growth inhibition EC50 163.6 mg/kg 73.5 Mhadhbi et al. 2012 cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine plant Skeletonema costatum 96 h Growth endpoints EC50 3.2 mg/L NS Environment Agency 2004 cited in Oakey ERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Marine plant Isochyrsis galbana 72 h Growth inhibition EC50 163.6 mg/L 73.5 Mhadhbi et al. 2012 cited in Oakey ERA



Summary of Toxicity Data - Marine Invertebrates


Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's scale)

(Batley, et al, 2014) Source Reference

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mussel M. galloprocincialis 96 h Direct - SW Developmental endpoints NOEC 0.00001 mg/L 79.4

Fabbri, R. M. Montagna, T. Balbi, E. Raffo, F. Palumbo, and L. Canesi. 2014. Adaptation of the Bivalve Embryotoxicity Assay for the High Throughput Screing of Emerging

Contaminants in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mar. Environ. Res. 99:1 - 8.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mussel M. galloprocincialis 96 h Direct - SW Developmental endpoints NOEC 0.00001 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mussel M. galloprocincialis 96 h Direct - SW Developmental endpoints NOEC 0.00001 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mussel M. galloprocincialis 96 h Direct - SW Developmental endpoints NOEC 0.00001 mg/L 79.4



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Copepod Tigriopus japonicas 20 d Direct - SW Reproduction NOEC 0.1 mg/L 65.7

Han, J, Won, EJ, Lee, MC, Seo, JS, Lee, SJ & Lee, JS 2015, ‘Developmental retardation, reduced fecundity and modulated expression of the defensome in the intertidal

copepod Tigriopus japonicas exposed to BDE-47 and PFOS’, Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 165, pp. 136–143.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Sea Urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis 21 d Direct - SW Genotoxicity NOEC 0.1 mg/L NF Ding G, Peijnenburg WJGM. 2013. Physicochemical properties and aquatic toxicity of poly- and perfluorinated compounds. Crit Rev Env Sci Tech 43:598–678.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 35 d Direct - SW Growth/Reproduction NOEC 0.24 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000 g) PFOS: A flow through life-cycle toxicity test with the saltwater mysid (Mysidopsis bahia). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-107,


Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Mysidopsis bahia 35 d Direct - SW Reproduction NOEC 0.25 mg/L NS











been converted for this evaluation) NA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 35 d Direct - SW Reporduction NOEC 0.25 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 35 d Direct - SW Growth NOEC 0.25 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Mysidopsis bahia 35 d Direct - SW Reproduction NOEC 0.25 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Americamysis bahia 35 d Direct - SW Reproduction NOEC 0.25 mg/L Nf Wildlife Int. (2000d), ref 10 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Americamysis bahia 35 d Direct - SW Growth NOEC 0.25 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000d), ref 10 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Copepod Tigriopus japonicas 20 d Direct - SW Growth NOEC 0.5 mg/L 65.7

Han, J, Won, EJ, Lee, MC, Seo, JS, Lee, SJ & Lee, JS 2015, ‘Developmental retardation, reduced fecundity and modulated expression of the defensome in the intertidal

copepod Tigriopus japonicas exposed to BDE-47 and PFOS’, Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 165, pp. 136–143.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 96 h Direct - SW 2nd-Gen Survival NOEC 0.53 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000 g) PFOS: A flow through life-cycle toxicity test with the saltwater mysid (Mysidopsis bahia). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-107,




been converted for this evaluation) NA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 35 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 0.55 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Americamysis bahia 35 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 0.55 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2000d), ref 10 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival NOEC 1.1 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000d) PFOS: A 96-hr static acute toxicity test with the saltwater mysid (Mysidopsis bahia). Wildlife International, Ltd. Project No. 454A-101, EPA

Docket AR226-0095.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica NA 96 h Direct - SW Shell Growth NOEC 1.8 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000e) PFOS: A 96-hr shell deposition test with the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-106, EPA

Docket AR226-0089.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Oyster Crastostrea virginica 96 h Direct - SW Shell deposition NOEC 1.9 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus 48 h Direct - SW Growth EC10 2.6 mg/L 73.5



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Siriella armata 96 h Direct - SW Survival LC10 3.2 mg/L 73.5



Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Mysidopsis bahia 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 3.6 mg/L NS











been converted for this evaluation) NA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 3.6 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 96 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 3.6 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000d) PFOS: A 96-hr static acute toxicity test with the saltwater mysid (Mysidopsis bahia). Wildlife International, Ltd. Project No. 454A-101, EPA

Docket AR226-0095.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Mysidopsis bahia 96 h Direct - SW Survival LC50 3.6 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Americamysis bahia 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 3.6 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2001e), ref 7 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Siriella armata 96 h Direct - SW Survival LC10 7.8 mg/L 73.5





been converted for this evaluation) NA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Brine shrimp Artemia sp. NA 48 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 8.9 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Brine shrimp Artemia salina NA 48 h Direct - SW Survival EC50/LC50/IC50 8.9 mg/L NF Robertson JC (1986) Potential for environmental impact of AFA-6 surfactant. Beak Consultants Ltd. Missassauga, Ontario, Canada. EPA Docket AR226-1030a043.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Artemia sp. 48 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 8.9 mg/L NF Beak (1985a), ref 32 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Crustacean Artemia 48 h Direct - SW Survival LC50 9.2 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus 48 h Direct - SW Growth EC10 30.7 mg/L 73.5



Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 96 h Direct - SW NOEC 127 mg/L NF Wildlife International Ltd (2001f) PFBS: A 96-hour toxicity test with the saltwater mysid (Mysiodopsis bahia). Wildlife International Ltd., Project No. 454A-128.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 96 h Direct - SW LOEC 269 mg/L NF Wildlife International Ltd (2001f) PFBS: A 96-hour toxicity test with the saltwater mysid (Mysiodopsis bahia). Wildlife International Ltd., Project No. 454A-128.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid Mysidopsis bahia NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality LC50 372 mg/L 67.6






Assessment Scheme, Sydney, Australia.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mysid shrimp Mysidopsis bahia NA 96 h Direct - SW LC50 372 mg/L NF Wildlife International Ltd (2001f) PFBS: A 96-hour toxicity test with the saltwater mysid (Mysiodopsis bahia). Wildlife International Ltd., Project No. 454A-128.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mussel Perna viridis 7 d Direct - SW Genotoxicity EC50 594 mg/L 64.7

Liu, C, Chang, VWC, Gin, KYH & Nguyen, VT 2014, Genotoxicity of perfluorinated chemicals (PFAS) to the green mussel (Perna viridis) Science of the Total Environment, vol.

487, pp. 117 122.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Mollusc Crassostrea virginica 96 h Direct - SW Shell growth EC50 >3 mg/L NF Wildlife Int. (2001f), ref 4 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010



been converted for this evaluation) NA Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica NA 96 h Direct - SW Mortality EC50 >3.0 mg/L NS OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Marine Aquatic Invertebrate Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica NA 96 h Direct - SW Shell Growth EC50/LC50/IC50 >3.0 mg/L NF

Drottar KR, Krueger HO (2000e) PFOS: A 96-hr shell deposition test with the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-106, EPA

Docket AR226-0089.


Appendix K -Toxicity Study Data

Summary of Toxicity Data - Terrestrial Plants

Chemical Abbreviation

Test Organism

Group Test Organism - Common Name Species Name Body Weight (kg) Duration Exposure Route Effect Endpoint Result Units

Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's

scale) (Batley, et


Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Wheat Triticum aestivum 30 d Soil Growth NOEC 1 mg/kg 81.4

Zhao, S, Fang, S, Zhu, L, Liu, L & Zhang, Y 2014, ‘Mutual impacts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on the

bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil’, Environmental Pollution, vol. 184, pp. 495–501.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Plant Lettuce Lactuca sativa 205 d Soil Shoot height and weight NOEC 4.6 mg/kg NS Environment Agency 2004 cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Plant Lettuce Soil Growth endpoints NOEC 4.6 mg/kg NS Environment Agency 2004 cited in Oakey ERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Wheat, Oats, Potatoes, Ryegrass Soil

Necrosis, yellowing and

diminshed growth LOEC 10 mg/kg NS





Environment Canada (2012a). Perfluorooctanoic Acid, its Salts, and its Precursors. Environment Canada, Gatineau, Canada. Accessed

at http://www.ec.gc.ca.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Plant Lettuce Lactuca sativa 5 d Soil Growth EC10 24 mg/kg 74.5

Li M-H. 2009. Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to plants and aquatic invertebrates. Environ Toxicol 24: 95-

101.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Plant Chinese cabbage Brassica rapa pekinensis 15 d Soil Growth NOEC 34 mg/kg 62.7

Zhang, D-Y, Shen, X-Y & Xu, X-L 2011 ‘The effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa perkinensis)

germination and development’, Procedia Engineering, vol. 18, pp. 206–213.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Plant Pakchoi Brassica rapa chinensis 5 d Soil Growth EC10 71 mg/kg 74.5


101.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Plant Pakchoi Brassica rapa chinensis 7 d Soil Growth EC10 72 mg/kg 83.3

Zhao, H, Chen, C, Zhang, X, Chen, J & Quan, X 2011, ‘Phytotoxicity of PFOS and PFOA to Brassica chinensis in different Chinese soils’,

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 74, pp. 1343–1347.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Pakchoi Brassica rapa chinensis 7 d Soil Growth EC10 103 mg/kg 83.3

Zhao, H, Chen, C, Zhang, X, Chen, J & Quan, X 2011, ‘Phytotoxicity of PFOS and PFOA to Brassica chinensis in different Chinese soils’,

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 74, pp. 1343–1347.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Pakchoi Brassica rapa chinensis 5 d Soil Growth EC10 155 mg/kg 74.5


101.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Lettuce Lactuca sativa 5 d Soil Growth EC50 170 mg/kg 74.5


101.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Pak Choi Brassica rapa chinensis Soil Seed germination EC50 579 mg/L NS







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Cucumber Cucumis sativus 5 d Soil Growth NOEC 812 mg/kg 74.5


101.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Lettuce Lactuca sativa Soil Root Growth LOEC 1000 mg/L NS







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Pak Choi Brassica rapa chinensis Soil Root Growth LOEC 1000 mg/L NS







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Plant Lettuce Lactuca sativa Soil Seed germination EC50 1734 mg/L NS







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Plant Cucumber Cucumis sativus 5 d Soil Growth NOEC >200 mg/kg 74.5


101.


Appendix K - Study Toxicity Data

Summary of Toxicity Data - Terrestrial Invertebrates




Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's

scale) (Batley, et


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm 14 d Soil Reproductive endpoints NOEC 10 mg/kg NF Williamtown ERA Norwegion Pollution Control Authority 2008

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm Soil Reproductive endpoints NOEC 10 mg/kg NF Oakey ERA Norwegion Pollution Control Authority 2008

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm Eisenia fetida 42 d Soil Growth NOEC 10 mg/kg 83.3

He, W, Megharaj, M & Naidu, R 2016, ‘Toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid toward earthworm and enzymatic activities in soil’, Environmental

Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 88, p.424.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm 14 d Soil Reproductive endpoints NOEC 16 mg/kg NF Williamtown ERA Norwegion Pollution Control Authority 2008

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm Soil Reproductive endpoints NOEC 16 mg/kg NF Oakey ERA Norwegion Pollution Control Authority 2008

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm NA NA 14 d Soil

burrowing behaviour, body

weight and clinical signs of

toxicity NOEC 77 mg/kg dwt NF

3M (2003) Environmental and Health Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid and its Salts. Prepared by 3M Company, with J Moore

(Hollyhouse Inc.), J Rodericks and D Turnbull (Environ Corp.) and W Warren-Hicks and Colleagues (The Cadmus Group, Inc.). August 2003.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm Eisenia fetida 42 d Soil Growth NOEC 80 mg/kg 72.5

Xu, D, Li, C, Wen, Y & Liu, W 2013, ‘Antioxidant defence system responses and DNA damage of earthworms exposed to Perfluorooctane sulfonate

(PFOS)’, Environmental Pollution, vol. 174, pp. 121–127.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Invertebrate Soil bacteria 28 day Soil Enzyme activity EC50 80 mg/kg 83.3

He, W, Megharaj, M & Naidu, R 2016, ‘Toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid toward earthworm and enzymatic activities in soil’, Environmental

Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 88, p.424.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm Eisenia fetida 28 day Soil Survival LC50 84 mg/kg 78.4

Zareitalabad, P, Siemens, J, Wichern F, Amelung, W & Joergensen, RG 2013b, ‘Dosedependent reactions of Aporrectodea caliginosa to

perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in soil’, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 95, pp. 39–43.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm NA NA 7 d Soil

burrowing behaviour, body

weight and clinical signs of

toxicity NOEC 289 mg/kg dwt NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm NA NA 14 d Soil Mortality LC50 373 mg/kg dwt NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm NA NA 7 d Soil Mortality LC50 398 mg/kg dwt NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm Eisenia fetida 28 day Soil Survival LC50 447 mg/kg 81.4

Mayilswami, S, Krishnan, K, Megharaj, M & Naidu, R 2014, Effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on survival and DNA damage of earthworm

in OECD soil compared to natural soils, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR) and Cooperative Research Centre for

Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Australia.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Soil bacteria 40 d Soil Biomass NOEC 500 mg/kg 78.4



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Invertebrate Soil bacteria 40 d Soil Biomass NOEC 500 mg/kg 78.4



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Invertebrate Nematode Cenorhabditis elegans 48 h Soil Mortality EC50 973 mg/L NS





OECD (2008). SIDS Initial Assessment Report for Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctanoic Acid. Organisation for Economic

Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. Accessed 25 February 2015 at http://webnet.oecd.org.

Environment Canada (2010). Perfluorooctanoic Acid, its Salts, and its Precursors. Environment Canada, Gatineau, Canada. Accessed at

http://www.ec.gc.ca.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm Eisenia fetida 14 d Soil Mortality LC50 478 mg/kg dwt 81.4 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yonglong_Lu/publication/289556633_Growth_inhibition_and_DNA_damage_in_the_earthworm_Eisenia_fetida_exposed_to_perfluorooctane_sulphonate_and_perfluorooctanoic_acid/links/59f7cacd0f7e9b553ebeed6b/Growth-inhibition-and-DNA-damage-in-the-earthworm-Eisenia-fetida-exposed-to-perfluorooctane-sulphonate-and-perfluorooctanoic-acid.pdf

Zheng et al., 2016. Growth inhibition and DNA damage in the earthworm (Eisenia fetida ) exposed to perfluorooctane sulphonate and

perfluorooctanoic acid. Chemistry AND Ecology, VOL. 32, NO. 2, 103–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2015.1116524

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Terrestrial Invertebrate Earthworm Eisenia fetida 14 d Soil Mortality LC50 759.6 mg/kg dwt 81.4 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yonglong_Lu/publication/289556633_Growth_inhibition_and_DNA_damage_in_the_earthworm_Eisenia_fetida_exposed_to_perfluorooctane_sulphonate_and_perfluorooctanoic_acid/links/59f7cacd0f7e9b553ebeed6b/Growth-inhibition-and-DNA-damage-in-the-earthworm-Eisenia-fetida-exposed-to-perfluorooctane-sulphonate-and-perfluorooctanoic-acid.pdf

Zheng et al., 2016. Growth inhibition and DNA damage in the earthworm (Eisenia fetida ) exposed to perfluorooctane sulphonate and

perfluorooctanoic acid. Chemistry AND Ecology, VOL. 32, NO. 2, 103–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2015.1116524



Summary of Toxicity Data - Amphibians


Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens NA 16 wk Direct - SW Mortality NOEC 0.3 mg/L 58.8

Ankley GT, Kuehl DW, Kahl MD, Jensen KM, Butterworth BC, Nichols JW (2004) Partial life-cycle toxicity and bioconcentration modeling of perfluorooctanesulfonate in the

northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Environ Toxicol Chem 23:2745–2755.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens NA 16 wk Direct - SW Mortality LOEC 3 mg/L 58.8



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis 96 h Direct - SW Malformation EC10 3.91 mg/L NF UM-WREC (2001), ref 40 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth NOEC 4.82 mg/L NF Palmer SJ, Krueger HO (2001) PFOS: A frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus(FETAX). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-116. EPA Docket AR226-1030a057.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis 96 h Direct - SW Growth NOEC 4.82 mg/L NF UM-WREC (2001), ref 40 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis 96 h Direct - SW Growth NOEC 5.25 mg/L NF UM-WREC (2001), ref 40 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens NA 16 wk Direct - SW Partial life cycle EC50/LC50/IC50 6.21 mg/L 58.8




Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis 96 h Direct - SW Mortality EC10 7.49 mg/L NF UM-WREC (2001), ref 40 in OECD, 2002 cited in RIVM 2010


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth LOEC 7.97 mg/L NF Palmer SJ, Krueger HO (2001) PFOS: A frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus(FETAX). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-116. EPA Docket AR226-1030a057.


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA 96 h Direct - SW Growth EC50/LC50/IC50 15.6 mg/L NF Palmer SJ, Krueger HO (2001) PFOS: A frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus(FETAX). Wildlife International, Ltd., Project No. 454A-116. EPA Docket AR226-1030a057.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA ~2 months Direct - SW Survival NOEC 1000 ug/L 67.6

Qin-Qin Lou, Yin-Feng Zhang, Zhen Zhou, Ya-Li Shi, Ya-Nan Ge, Dong-Kai Ren, Hai-Ming Xu, Ya-Xian Zhao, Wu-Ji Wei, and Zhan-Fen Qin. 2013. Effects of

perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorobutanesulfonate on the growth and sexual development of Xenopus laevis. Ecotoxicology (2013) 22:1133–1144.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA ~2 months Direct - SW Growth NOEC 1000 ug/L 67.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA ~2 months Direct - SW Hepatocyte degeneration LOEC 100 ug/L 67.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA 40 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 1000 ug/L 73.5

Hoover, G.M., M. F. Chislock, B. J. Tornabene, S. C. Guffey, Y. J. Choi, C. De Perre, J. T. Hoverman, L. S. Lee, and M. S. Sepulveda. 2017. Uptake and Depuration of Four

Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASS) in Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens Tadpoles. Environmental Science and Technology Letters.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA 40 d Direct - SW Development LOEC 100 ug/L 73.5



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA 40 d Direct - SW Survival NOEC 1000 ug/L 73.5



perfluorohexanesulfonate PFHxS Amphibian African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis NA 40 d Direct - SW Development LOEC 10 ug/L 73.5





Summary of Toxiciy Data - Birds and Reptiles


Data Quality Score

(modified Hobb's



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern Bobwhite Quail Colinus virginianus 21 weeks Oral in diet Reproductive endpoints NOAEL 0.077

mg/kg

bw/day NS Newsted, J.L., Jones, P.D., Coady,K., and Giesy, J.P. 2005. Avian toxicity reference values for Perfluorooctane Sulfonate. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:9357-9362.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Bobwhite Quail Colinus virginianus Reproductive endpoints NOAEL 0.077

mg/kg


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern Bobwhite Quail Colinus virginianus 21 weeks Oral in diet Reproductive endpoints LOAEL 0.77

mg/kg


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Bobwhite Quail Colinus virginianus Reproductive endpoints LOAEL 0.77

mg/kg


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern bobwhite quail 21 w oral diet body weight, reproduction NOEC 0.77

mg/kg

bw/day 69.6

Newsted JL, Coady KK, Beach SA, Butenhoff JL, Gallagher S, Giesy JP. 2007. Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on mallard and northern bobwhite quail exposed

chronically via the diet. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 23: 1-9.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Bird Chicken 3 w Oral in diet NOAEC 1 mg/kg bw NS





Environment Canada (2012a). Perfluorooctanoic Acid, its Salts, and its Precursors. Environment Canada, Gatineau, Canada. Accessed 25 February 2015


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird White Leghorn

14 days post

hatch egg injection increase in spleen mass LOAEL 1 mg/kg egg wt 69.6

Margie M. Peden-Adams, Joyce E. Stuckey, Kristen M. Gaworecki, Jennifer Berger-Ritchie, Kathy Bryant, Patrick G. Jodice, Thomas

R. Scott, Joseph B. Ferrario, Bing Guan, Craig Vigo, J. Scott Boone, W. David McGuinn, Jamie C. DeWitt, Deborah E. Keil,

Developmental toxicity in white leghorn chickens following in ovo exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), Reproductive

Toxicology, Volume 27, Issues 3–4, June 2009, Pages 307-318

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Mallard 21 w oral diet body weight, reproduction NOEC 1.49

mg/kg

bw/day 69.6

Newsted JL, Coady KK, Beach SA, Butenhoff JL, Gallagher S, Giesy JP. 2007. Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on mallard and northern bobwhite quail exposed

chronically via the diet. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 23: 1-9.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Bird Domestic White Leghorn Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus Injection of eggs Embryo survival LC50 2.5 ug/g egg 71.6

Nordén, M., Berger, U., & Engwall, M. (2016). Developmental toxicity of PFOS and PFOA in great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), herring gull (Larus

argentatus) and chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(11), 10855-10862.


14 days post

hatch egg injection increase in liver mass LOAEL 2.5 mg/kg egg wt 69.6






14 days post

hatch egg injection hatch rate NOAEL 5 mg/kg egg wt 69.6





Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Domestic White Leghorn Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus Injection of eggs Embryo survival LC50 8.5 ug/g egg 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Bird Chicken Eggs NOAEC 10 mg/kg bw NS





Environment Canada (2012a). Perfluorooctanoic Acid, its Salts, and its Precursors. Environment Canada, Gatineau, Canada. Accessed 25 February 2015




been converted for this evaluation) NA Bird Mallard Duck

Anas

platyrhynchos NA 21 week Oral in Diet

mortality, body weight, liver

weight,

and reproduction in adults, and

for survivability, bodyweight

and liver weight in offspring NOAEC 10 ppm NF 3M (2004) 3M Fluorochemical EPA Submissions. CD No. 6, created 24 June 2004.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Bird Northern Bobtail Quail Colinus virginianus NA 21 week Oral in Diet

mortality, body

weight, food consumption, liver

weight (males) and gross

pathology (females) LOAEC 10 ppm NF 3M (2004) 3M Fluorochemical EPA Submissions. CD No. 6, created 24 June 2004.




Anas

platyrhynchos NA 21 week Oral in Diet

mortality, body weight, liver

weight,

and reproduction in adults, and

for survivability, bodyweight

and liver weight in offspring NOAEC 10 ppm NF 3M (2004) 3M Fluorochemical EPA Submissions. CD No. 6, created 24 June 2004.



been converted for this evaluation) NA Bird Northern Bobtail Quail Colinus virginianus NA 21 week Oral in Diet

mortality, body

weight, food consumption, liver

weight (males) and gross

pathology (females) LOAEC 10 ppm NF 3M (2004) 3M Fluorochemical EPA Submissions. CD No. 6, created 24 June 2004.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern Bobtail Quail Colinus virginianus NA Oral Survival/Liver weight/Young healthLOAEL 10 ppm NF

Gallagher, S.P., van Hoven, R.L., Beavers, J.B., and Jaber, M. (2003a). PFOS: A reproductive study with the Northern bobwhite, Project 454-108, Wildlife International,

Ltd.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Mallard Duck

Anas

platyrhynchos NA Oral Male Survival/Liver weight/Young healthLOAEL 10 ppm NF Gallagher, S.P., van Hoven, R.L., Beavers, J.B., and Jaber, M. (2003b). PFOS: A reproductive study with the Mallard, Project 454-109, Wildlife International, Ltd.


Anas

platyrhynchos NA Oral Femal Survival/Liver weight/Young healthNOAEL 10 ppm NF Gallagher, S.P., van Hoven, R.L., Beavers, J.B., and Jaber, M. (2003b). PFOS: A reproductive study with the Mallard, Project 454-109, Wildlife International, Ltd.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern Bobtail Quail Colinus virginianus NA Oral Serum/Liver Concentrations LOAEL 10 mg/kg Newsted, J.L., Coady, K, Beach, SA., Gallagher, S., Giesy, JP. (2005). Environ. Toxicol.Pharmacol. (Submitted).


Anas

platyrhynchos NA Oral Female Serum/Liver ConcentrationsNOAEL 10 ppm/kg Newsted, J.L., Coady, K, Beach, SA., Gallagher, S., Giesy, JP. (2005). Environ. Toxicol.Pharmacol. (Submitted).


Anas

platyrhynchos NA Oral Male Serum/Liver ConcentrationsNOAEL 10 ppm/kg Newsted, J.L., Coady, K, Beach, SA., Gallagher, S., Giesy, JP. (2005). Environ. Toxicol.Pharmacol. (Submitted).

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern bobwhite quail and mallard Oral in diet

mortality, growth, feed

consumption, histopathology LOAEC 10 mg/kg/d

Newsted, J. L., Jones, P. D., Coady, K., & Giesy, J. P. (2005). Avian toxicity reference values for perfluorooctane sulfonate. Environmental science & technology, 39(23),

9357-9362.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Bird Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis Injection of eggs Embryo survival LC50 20.5 ug/g egg 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Bird Herring Gull Larus argentatus Injection of eggs Embryo survival LC50 20.5 ug/g egg 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis Injection of eggs Embryo survival LC50 22.1 ug/g egg 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Herring Gull Larus argentatus Injection of eggs Embryo survival LC50 22.95 ug/g egg 71.6




Anas

platyrhynchos NA Oral Femal Survival/Liver weight/Young healthNOAEL 50 ppm NF Gallagher, S.P., van Hoven, R.L., Beavers, J.B., and Jaber, M. (2003b). PFOS: A reproductive study with the Mallard, Project 454-109, Wildlife International, Ltd.


Anas

platyrhynchos NA Oral Female Serum/Liver ConcentrationsLOAEL 50 ppm/kg Newsted, J.L., Coady, K, Beach, SA., Gallagher, S., Giesy, JP. (2005). Environ. Toxicol.Pharmacol. (Submitted).

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern Bobtail Quail Colinus virginianus NA 8 d Oral Survival LD50 61 mg/kg Newsted, J.L., Beach, S.A., Gallagher, S., Giesy, J.P. (2005). Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. (submitted)

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern bobwhite quail 22 d Oral in diet LD50 61 mg/kg/d

Newsted, J. L., Beach, S. A., Gallagher, S. P., & Giesy, J. P. (2006). Pharmacokinetics and acute lethality of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) to juvenile mallard and

northern bobwhite. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 50(3), 411-420.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern Bobtail Quail Colinus virginianus NA Oral Survival NOAEL 70.3 mg/kg Newsted, J.L., Beach, S.A., Gallagher, S., Giesy, J.P. (2005). Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. (submitted)

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Bird Northern Bobwhite Quail Colinus virginianus 21 weeks Oral in diet Reproductive endpoints NOAEL 87.7

mg/kg

bw/day NS

Giesy, J.P., Naile, J.E., Khim, J.S., Jones, P.D., Newsted, J.L. 2010. ‘Aquatic Toxicology of Perfluorinated Chemicals’, Reviews of Environmental Contamination and

Toxicology Volume 202:1- 52.

Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid PFBS Bird Northern Bobwhite Quail Reproductive endpoints NOAEL 87.7

mg/kg

bw/day NS




Anas

platyrhynchos NA Oral Survival NOAEL 141 mg/kg Newsted, J.L., Beach, S.A., Gallagher, S., Giesy, J.P. (2005). Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. (submitted)


Anas

platyrhynchos NA 8 d Oral Survival LD50 150 mg/kg Newsted, J.L., Beach, S.A., Gallagher, S., Giesy, J.P. (2005). Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. (submitted)

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Mallard 22 d Oral in diet LD50 150 mg/kg/d

Newsted, J. L., Beach, S. A., Gallagher, S. P., & Giesy, J. P. (2006). Pharmacokinetics and acute lethality of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) to juvenile mallard and

northern bobwhite. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 50(3), 411-420.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Bird Northern Bobtail Quail Colinus virginianus NA 8 d Oral Survival LC50 212 mg/kg Newsted, J.L., Beach, S.A., Gallagher, S., Giesy, J.P. (2005). Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. (submitted)



been converted for this evaluation) NA Bird Northern Bobtail Quail Colinus virginianus NA 5 d Oral in Diet Survival LC50 220 mg/kg food NS

OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL. / 3M (2003) Environmental and Health Assessment of

Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid and its Salts. Prepared by 3M Company, with J Moore (Hollyhouse Inc.), J Rodericks and D Turnbull (Environ Corp.) and W Warren-Hicks

and Colleagues (The Cadmus Group, Inc.). August 2003.


Anas

platyrhynchos NA 8 d Oral Survival LC50 603 mg/kg Newsted, J.L., Beach, S.A., Gallagher, S., Giesy, J.P. (2005). Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. (submitted)

≥

≥



Summary of Toxiciy Data - Birds and Reptiles




Anas

platyrhynchos NA 5 d Oral in Diet Survival LC50 628 mg/kg food NS

OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL. / 3M (2003) Environmental and Health Assessment of

Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid and its Salts. Prepared by 3M Company, with J Moore (Hollyhouse Inc.), J Rodericks and D Turnbull (Environ Corp.) and W Warren-Hicks

and Colleagues (The Cadmus Group, Inc.). August 2003.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Bird Northern Bobwhite Quail Colinus virginianus 21 weeks Oral in diet Reproductive endpoints LOAEL 877

mg/kg

bw/day NS



Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid PFBS Bird Northern Bobwhite Quail Reproductive endpoints LOAEL 877

mg/kg

bw/day NS



Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Bird Bobwhite quail Colinus virginianus 21 w Oral in diet Reduction in eggs NOEC 900 mg/kg 67.6







Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Bird Bobwhite quail Colinus virginianus 10 d Oral in diet Mortality LC50 >10,000 mg/kg 67.6









Summary of Toxicity Data - Mammals


Data Quality Score (modified

Hobb's scale) (Batley, et al,


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse (male) Immuno-tox (28d) oral gavage

decreased plaque forming cells

after sheep rbc, increased NK

cell activity (males only) NOAEL 0.00017 mg/kg/d NS

Peden-Adams, M. M., Keller, J. M., EuDaly, J. G., Berger, J., Gilkeson, G. S. and Keil, D. E. (2008). Suppression of humoral immunity in mice following exposure to

perfluorooctane sulfonate. Toxicological Sciences. 104: 144-154.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse NA 28 d Gavage Plaqueforming cell response LOAEL 0.00166 mg/kg NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse (male) Immuno-tox (28d) oral gavage



cell activity (males only) LOAEL 0.0017 mg/kg/d NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse (female) Immuno-tox (28d) oral gavage



cell activity (males only) NOAEL 0.0033 mg/kg/d NS



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse

F0 females fed diet

prior to mating,

throughout

gestation &

lactation oral diet

decreased bw in offspring

(reversible on high fat diet),

increased liver wt (M & F),

decreased TG & chol, decreased

perirenal & perigonadal fat pad

wt (F) BMDL5 0.0062 mg/kg/d 74.5

van Esterik, J. C. J., Sales, L. B., Dollé, M. E. T., Håkansson, H., Herlin, M., Legler, J. and van der Ven, L. T. M. (2016). Programming of metabolic effects in C57BL/6JxFVB mice

by in utero and lactational exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid. Archives of Toxicology. 1-15.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse Immuno-tox (60d) oral gavage


after sheep rbc NOAEL 0.008 mg/kg/d 73.5

Dong, G.-H., Zhang, Y.-H., Zheng, L., Liu, W., Jin, Y.-H. and He, Q.-C. (2009). Chronic effects of perfluorooctanesulfonate exposure on immunotoxicity in adult male C57BL/6

mice. Archives of Toxicology. 83: 805-815.


develop (GD1-17

or GD10-17) oral gavage

delayed pup mammary gland

development LOAEL 0.01 mg/kg/d 69.6

Macon, M. B., Villanueva, L. R., Tatum-Gibbs, K., Zehr, R. D., Strynar, M. J., Stanko, J. P., White, S. S., Helfant, L. and Fenton, S. E. (2011). Prenatal perfluorooctanoic acid

exposure in CD-1 mice: low-dose developmental effects and internal dosimetry. Toxicological Sciences. 122: 134-145.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse (female) Immuno-tox (28d) oral gavage



cell activity (males only) LOAEL 0.017 mg/kg/d NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse NA 21 d Gavage Survival to Influenza A virus LOAEL 0.025 mg/kg NS

Guruge KS, Hikono H, Shimada N, Murakami K, Hasegawa J, Yeung LWY, Yamanaka N, Yamashita N. 2009. Effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on influenza A virus-

induced mortality in female B6C3F1 mice. J Toxicol Sci 34:687–691.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2 yr liver histopathological changes NOAEL 0.025 mg/kg/d NS

German Drinking Water Commission (GDWC). 2006, Provisional evaluation of PFT in drinking water with the guide substances PFOS and PFOS as examples., Drinking Water

Commission of the German Ministry of Health and the Federal Environment Agency, 21 June 2006 (revised July 13 2006).

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey 28 wks oral capsule

Slight (reversible) changes in

serum biochem params lipid

metabol & thyroid hormone

stauts, increased liver wt

(reversible) NOAEL 0.03 mg/kg/d NF

Seacat, AM, Thomford, P.J., Hansen, K.J., Olsen, G.W., Case, M.T. and Butenoff, J.L. 2002. Subchronic toxicity studies on potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (abstract

906). The Toxicologist. 66: 185.










thymic atrophy (F), decreased

HDL (M), decreased chol (M),

decreased T3 (M) & bilirubin

(M) NOAEL 0.03 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey 26 wks Decreased serum T3 levels NOAEL 0.03 mg/kg/d NF UK Committee on Toxicity cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey 26 wks

decreased serum T3 & HDL,

increased TSH NOAEL 0.03 mg/kg/d NS

EFSA (2008). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and their salts. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Foid Chain. European

Food Safety Authority. Question No EFSA-Q-2004-163. EFSA Journal 653: 1-131. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/653.pdf.


decreased serum T3 & HDL,

increased TSH NOAEL 0.03 mg/kg/d NS

US EPA (2009a). Memorandum on the toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). From Janine Dinan and Dave Crawford to Glenn

Adams, Chief Technical Services Section, Superfund Division. http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/pfoa/pubs/Final%20PFOA%20PFOS%20RfD%20memo%2010-28-09.pdf.

US EPA (2009b). Provisional health advisories for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). United States Environmental Protection Agency.

January 8, 2009. http://water.epa.gov/action/advisories/drinking/upload/2009_01_15_criteria_drinking_pha-PFOA_PFOS.pdf.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Cynomolgus monkey (m/f) 26 weeks oral

m: reduced high-density

lipoprotein and

triiodothyronine levels, thymic

atrophy f: thymic atrophy LOAEL 0.03

mg/kg

bw/day NF Covance Laboratories, Inc., 2002b cited in Health Canada 2006

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2 yr oral diet hepatocellular hypertrophy BMDL10 0.033 mg/kg/d NF

Thomford P. 2002. 104-Week dietary chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid potassium salt (PFOS; T-6295) in rats. Covance

Laboratories, Inc. Report no. 6329-183. In EFSA, 2008.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2 yr liver hypertrophy BMDL10 0.033 mg/kg/d NS

Danish EPA (2015). Perfluoroalkylated substances: PFOA, PFOS and PFOSA: Evaluation of health hazards and proposal of a health based quality criterion for drinking water,

soil and ground water. Environment project No. 1665, 2015. Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency.

http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2015/04/978-87-93283-01-5.pdf.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal ChR-CD rats 90 day Oral in diet Liver effects NOAEL 0.06 mg/kg bw/day NF





Palazzolo MJ (1993) Thirteen-week dietary toxicity study with T-5180, ammonium perfluorooctanoate (CAS No. 3825-26-1) in male rats. Final Report. Laboratory Project

Identification HWI 6329-100. Hazleton Wisconsin, Inc. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Record 226-0449.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 13 wks oral diet

increased liver wt & minimal-

mild hepatocyte hypertrophy

(reversible) NOAEL 0.06 mg/kg/d 64.7

Perkins, R. G., Butenhoff, J. L., Kennedy, G. L. and Palazzolo, M. J. (2004). 13-Week dietary toxicity study of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) in male rats. Drug and

Chemical Toxicology. 27: 361-378.


increased liver wt & hepato-

cellular hypertrophy (reversible) NOAEL 0.06 mg/kg/d 64.7




increased absolute liver wt &

hepato-cellular hypertrophy

(reversible) NOAEL 0.06 mg/kg/d 64.7



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (m/f) 104 weeks oral diet

increased incidence of non-

neoplastic changes in the liver LOAEL 0.06

mg/kg

bw/day NF Covance Laboratories, Inc., 2002a cited in Health Canada 2006

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage

increased liver wt to brain wt

ratio (F0) BMDL10 0.07 mg/kg/d 66.7

Butenhoff, J. L., Kennedy Jr, G. L., Frame, S. R., O’Connor, J. C. and York, R. G. (2004a). The reproductive toxicology of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) in the rat.

Toxicology. 196: 95-116.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2 yr oral diet hepatocellular hypertrophy LOAEL 0.072 mg/kg/d NF





after sheep rbc LOAEL 0.083 mg/kg/d 73.5




histological changes in thymus

& spleen NOAEL 0.083 mg/kg/d 73.5



Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Rats 2 generation Oral - gavage F2 generation birth weight NOAEL 0.1 mg/kg bw/day NF





Christian MS, Hoberman AM and York RG (1999a) Combined Oral (gavage) Fertility, Developmental and Perinatal/Postnatal Reproduction Toxicity Study of PFOS in Rats.

Argus Research Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, PA U.S EPA. Docket 8EHQ-0200-00374.

Perfluoroundecanoic acid PFUA Mammal SD Rats 42 - 47 d Oral in diet

Increased Liver weight and

hepatocellular hypertrophy NOAEL 0.1 mg/kg bw/day 65.7





Takahashi M, Ishida S, Hirata-Koizumi M, Ono A, Hirose A, 2014. Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of perfluoroundecanoic acid in rats. J Toxicol Sci

39(1), 97-108.

Perfluorododecanoic acid PFDoA Mammal SD Rats 42 - 47 d Oral in diet

Liver hypertrophy, necrosis, and

inflammatory cholestasis NOAEL 0.1 mg/kg bw/day NF





Kato H, Fujii S, Takahashi M, Matsumoto M, Hirata-Koizumi M, Ono A, Hirose A, 2014. Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of perfluorododecanoic

acid in rats.Environ Toxicol. 2014 Apr 22. doi: 10.1002/tox.2199

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rats and rabbits Multi-generational Oral in diet Reproductive endpoints NOAEL 0.1

mg/kg

bw/day NS Stahl, T., Mattern, D. and Brunn, H. (2011). Toxicology of perfluorinated compounds. Environmental Sciences Europe. 23: 38.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage decreased pup weight gain NOAEL 0.1 mg/kg/d 69.6

Luebker, D. J., Case, M. T., York, R. G., Moore, J. A., Hansen, K. J. and Butenhoff, J. L. (2005a). Two-generation reproduction and cross-foster studies of

perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in rats. Toxicology. 215: 126-148.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse (male)

develop'l immuno-

tox (GD1-17) oral gavage

decreased NK cell funtion & IgM

production NOAEL 0.1 mg/kg/d NF Keil et al. 2008 cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rabbit

Develop tox (GD7-

20) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain NOAEL 0.1 mg/kg/d NS

Case, M. T., York, R. G. and Christian, M. S. (2001). Rat and rabbit oral developmental toxicology studies with two perfluorinated compounds. International Journal of



develop &

mechanistic (GD1-

17) oral gavage

increased relative liver wt in

offspring LOAEL 0.1 mg/kg/d 66.7 Williamtown ERA

Abbott, B. D., Wolf, C. J., Schmid, J. E., Das, K. P., Zehr, R. D., Helfant, L., Nakayama, S., Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J. and Lau, C. (2007). Perfluorooctanoic acid–induced

developmental toxicity in the mouse is dependent on expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-alpha. Toxicological Sciences. 98: 571-581.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat, Monkey Various oral increased liver weight NOAEL 0.1 mg/kg/d NS










Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rats and rabbits Reproductive endpoints NOAEL 0.1

mg/kg


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rabbit GD6-20 oral gavage maternal weight gain NOAEL 0.1

mg/kg

bw/day NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 14 wks oral diet non-neoplastic liver changes NOAEL 0.14 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat chronic oral diet carcinogenicity study NOEC 0.14

mg/kg

bw/day NF



















Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey (Female) 28 wks oral capsule













(reversible) LOAEL 0.15 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain BMDL5 0.15 mg/kg/d 71.6

Lau C, Thibodeaux JR, Hanson RG, Rogers JM, Grey BE, Stanton ME, Butenhoff JL, Stevenson LA. 2003. Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and

mouse. II. Postnatal evaluation. Toxicol Sci 74: 382-392.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Cynomolgus monkey 2.4-4.4 kg 183 d intubation body weight, mortality NOAEL 0.15

mg/kg

bw/day NF



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage increased maternal liver wt BMDL5 0.17 mg/kg/d 71.6

Lau C, Thibodeaux JR, Hanson RG, Narotsky MG, Rogers JM, Lindstrom AB, and Strynar MJ (2005) Effects of Perfluorooctoanoic Acid Exposure During Pregnancy in the

Mouse. Tox Sci 90:510-518.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage increased maternal liver wt BMD5 0.2 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain BMD5 0.22 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage decreased bw gain (F0 M) BMDL10 0.25 mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat

extended develop'l

(pre-mating,

mating &

gestation) oral gavage

decreased pup weight (birth &

LD5) & weight gain BMDL5 0.27 mg/kg/d 69.6

Luebker, D. J., York, R. G., Hansen, K. J., Moore, J. A. and Butenhoff, J. L. (2005b). Neonatal mortality from in utero exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in

Sprague–Dawley rats: Dose–response, and biochemical and pharamacokinetic parameters. Toxicology. 215: 149-169.

Perfluoroundecanoic acid PFUA Mammal SD Rats 42 - 47 d Oral in diet


hepatocellular hypertrophy LOAEL 0.3 mg/kg bw/day 65.7





Takahashi M, Ishida S, Hirata-Koizumi M, Ono A, Hirose A, 2014. Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of perfluoroundecanoic acid in rats. J Toxicol Sci

39(1), 97-108.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Sprague-Dawley rat NA Gavage Motor Activity LOAEL 0.3 mg/kg 69.6

Butenhoff JL, Ehresman DJ, Chang SC, Parker GA, Stump DG. 2009. Gestational and lactational exposure to potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (K þ PFOS) in rats:

Developmental neurotoxicity. Reprod Toxicol 27:319–330.


GD0-PND20

(gestational

neurotox) oral gavage

increased motor activity &

habituation (M pups on PND17

only) NOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 14 d oral gavage increased relative liver wt NOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 73.5

Loveless, S. E., Finlay, C., Everds, N. E., Frame, S. R., Gillies, P. J., O'Connor, J. C., Powley, C. R. and Kennedy, G. L. (2006). Comparative responses of rats and mice exposed

to linear/branched, linear, or branched ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO). Toxicology. 220: 203-217.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 14 d oral gavage

decreased cholesterol and TG

(linear/branched PFOA) NOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 73.5





(linear PFOA) LOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 73.5





ratio (F1 M) BMDL10 0.3 mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse 14 d oral gavage

increased relative liver wt,

increased TG for

linear/branched material LOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 73.5




develop (GD1-17

or GD10-17) oral gavage increased pup liver wt LOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 69.6

Macon, M. B., Villanueva, L. R., Tatum-Gibbs, K., Zehr, R. D., Strynar, M. J., Stanko, J. P., White, S. S., Helfant, L. and Fenton, S. E. (2011). Prenatal perfluorooctanoic acid

exposure in CD-1 mice: low-dose developmental effects and internal dosimetry. Toxicological Sciences. 122: 134-145.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage decreased spleen & thymus wt NOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 68.6

Loveless, S. E., Hoban, D., Sykes, G., Frame, S. R. and Everds, N. E. (2008). Evaluation of the immune system in rats and mice administered linear ammonium

perfluorooctanoate. Toxicological Sciences. 105: 86-96.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage liver single cell & focal necrosis NOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 68.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage increased liver wt LOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 68.6




Gestational

neurotox (GD1 -

end of pregnancy) oral diet

increased circadian activity (M

pups) LOAEL 0.3 mg/kg/d 69.6

Onishchenko, N., Fischer, C., Wan Ibrahim, W., Negri, S., Spulber, S., Cottica, D. and Ceccatelli, S. (2011). Prenatal exposure to PFOS or PFOA alters motor function in mice

in a sex-related manner. Neurotoxicity Research. 19: 452-461.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat, mice Various oral

increased liver weight and

hepatic necrosis BMDL10 0.3 mg/kg/d NF UK Committee on Toxicity cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat, mice Various oral

increased liver wieght and

hepatocytic megalocytosis BMDL10 0.3 mg/kg/d NS



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage increased liver wt (M) (F0 & F1) BMDL10 0.31 mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal various various oral

increased liver weight and

hepatocytic megalocytosis BMDL10 0.31 mg/kg/d NF

Maine DHHS (2014). Maximum exposure guideline for perfluorooctanoic acid in drinking water. Maine Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Department of Health and

Human Services. March 17th, 2014. http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/eohp/wells/documents/pfoameg.pdf.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (Male) 14 wks oral diet

increased liver wt, decreased

serum cholesterol, increased

ATL NOAEL 0.34 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage decreased pup weight gain BMDL5 0.34 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 14 wks oral diet non-neoplastic liver changes LOAEL 0.37 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 6 w prior mating - PD4oral gavage gestation length, pup viability NOAEL 0.37

mg/kg

bw/day 69.6




extended develop'l

(pre-mating,

mating &



LD5) & weight gain BMD5 0.39 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Rats 2 generation Oral - gavage F2 generation birth weight LOAEL 0.4 mg/kg bw/day NF





Christian MS, Hoberman AM and York RG (1999a) Combined Oral (gavage) Fertility, Developmental and Perinatal/Postnatal Reproduction Toxicity Study of PFOS in Rats.

Argus Research Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, PA U.S EPA. Docket 8EHQ-0200-00374.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rats and rabbits Multi-generational Oral in diet Reproductive endpoints LOAEL 0.4

mg/kg





ATL BMDL5 0.4 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage

decreased pup weight & pup

mortality NOAEL 0.4 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage decreased pup weight gain LOAEL 0.4 mg/kg/d 69.6




extended develop'l

(pre-mating,

mating &



LD5) & weight gain LOAEL 0.4 mg/kg/d 69.6










Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rats and rabbits Reproductive endpoints LOAEL 0.4

mg/kg


Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (m/f)

F0 males: from 6

weeks before to

the end of mating oral gavage reduced body weight gains LOEL F0 (m) 0.4

mg/kg

bw/day NF Argus Research Laboratories, Inc. 1999a. Combined oral (gavage) fertility, developmental and perinatal/postnatal reproduction toxicity study of PFOS in rats. # 418-008.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (m/f) F2 oral gavage LOEL F2 (m/f), > 0.4

mg/kg



histological changes in thymus

& spleen LOAEL 0.417 mg/kg/d 73.5




increased absolute liver wt

(reversible) BMDL10 0.44 mg/kg/d 64.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 13 wks oral increased liver weight BMDL10 0.456 mg/kg/d NS



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage increased maternal liver wt BMDL10 0.46 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mice develop tox (GD1-17)oral increased liver weight BMDL10 0.46 mg/kg/d NS

US EPA (2009a). Memorandum on the toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). From Janine Dinan and Dave Crawford to Glenn

Adams, Chief Technical Services Section, Superfund Division. http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/pfoa/pubs/Final%20PFOA%20PFOS%20RfD%20memo%2010-28-09.pdf.

US EPA (2009b). Provisional health advisories for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). United States Environmental Protection Agency.

January 8, 2009. http://water.epa.gov/action/advisories/drinking/upload/2009_01_15_criteria_drinking_pha-PFOA_PFOS.pdf.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (21 d) oral drinking water

alteration of splenic lymphocyte

phenotypes LOAEL 0.49 mg/kg/d NF

Son, H.-Y., Lee, S., Tak, E.-N., Cho, H.-S., Shin, H.-I., Kim, S.-H. and Yang, J.-H. (2009). Perfluorooctanoic acid alters T lymphocyte phenotypes and cytokine expression in

mice. Environmental Toxicology. 24: 580-588.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Rhesus Monkeys 90 day Oral in diet Organ effects LOAEL 0.5 mg/kg bw/day NF





Goldenthal E.I. (1978b) Final Report, Ninety Day Subacute Rhesus Monkey Toxicity Study, International Research and Development Corporation, Study No. 137-090,

November 10, 1978. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Record 226-0447.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Crl:CD (SD) IGS BR rats - male 104 weeks Oral in diet Liver effects NOAEL 0.5 ppm NF





3M Company (2002) 104-Week Dietary Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Study with Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Potassium Salt (PFOS; T-6295) in Rats. Final Report,

3M T-6295 (Covance study no.:6329-183), Volumes I-IX , 4068 pages, January 2, 2002. 3M, St. Paul, Minnesota (as cited in OECD, 2002).

Perfluorododecanoic acid PFDoA Mammal SD Rats 42 - 47 d Oral in diet

Liver hypertrophy, necrosis, and

inflammatory cholestasis LOAEL 0.5 mg/kg bw/day NF





Kato H, Fujii S, Takahashi M, Matsumoto M, Hirata-Koizumi M, Ono A, Hirose A, 2014. Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of perfluorododecanoic

acid in rats.Environ Toxicol. 2014 Apr 22. doi: 10.1002/tox.2199

Perfluorododecanoic acid PFDoA Mammal SD Rats NOAEL 0.5 mg/kg bw/day

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Male Rat NA NA 2 year Oral Liver Assay NOAEL 0.5 ppm NS

OECD (2002). Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. Accessed at

http://www.oecd.org/.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey 13 wks oral gavage Clinical signs (occasional diarrhoea, soft stools, anorexia)LOAEL 0.5 mg/kg/d NF

Goldenthal, E., Jessup, D., Geil, R. and Mehring, J. (1978a). Ninety day subacute toxicity rhesus monkey toxicity study. Study No. 137-092, International Research and

Development Corporation, Mattawan, MI. FYI-0500-1378. As cited in OECD 2002.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (Male and Female) 2 yr oral diet liver adenomas BMDL10 0.5 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rhesus monkey 90 d oral gavage

severe gastrointestinal effects,

trembling; monkeys were

euthanized to prevent further

suffering NOAEL 0.5

mg/kg

bw/day NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rhesus monkey (m/f) 90 d oral gavage

clinical signs of toxicity and

increased leukocytes LOEL 0.5

mg/kg

bw/day NF International Research and Development Corporation. 1978c. Fluorochemical FC-95, ninety day subacute rhesus monkey toxicity study. # 137-092.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage increased maternal liver wt BMD10 0.52 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased pup survival BMDL5 0.58 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal ChR-CD rats 90 day Oral in diet Liver effects NOAEL 0.6 mg/kg bw/day NF





Goldenthal E.I. (1978a) Final Report, Ninety Day Subacute Rat Toxicity Study on Fluorad® Fluorochemical FC-143, International Research and Development Corporation,

Study No. 137-089, 3M Reference No. T-3141, November 6, 1978. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Record 226-0441.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2 generation Decreased weight 0.6 ug/kg/day NF Food Standards Australia New Zealand cited in Albatross HHERA


increased liver wt & hepato-

cellular hypertrophy (reversible) LOAEL 0.6 mg/kg/d 64.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 90 d oral diet


hepatocellular necrosis (M) NOAEL 0.6 mg/kg/d NF

Goldenthal EI, Jessup DC, Geil RG, Mehring JS. 1978b. Ninety-day subacute rat toxicity study. International Research and Development Corporation. Report no. 137-085. In

EFSA, 2008.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage

decreased ossification of foetal

forelimb phalanges BMDL5 0.6 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal ChR-CD rats 90 day Oral in diet Liver effects LOAEL 0.64 mg/kg bw/day NF





Palazzolo MJ (1993) Thirteen-week dietary toxicity study with T-5180, ammonium perfluorooctanoate (CAS No. 3825-26-1) in male rats. Final Report. Laboratory Project

Identification HWI 6329-100. Hazleton Wisconsin, Inc. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Record 226-0449.


increased liver wt & minimal-

mild hepatocyte hypertrophy

(reversible) LOAEL 0.64 mg/kg/d 64.7





hepato-cellular hypertrophy

(reversible) LOAEL 0.64 mg/kg/d 64.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage increased liver wt (M) )F0 BMD10 0.68 mg/kg/d 66.7








(reversible) LOAEL 0.75 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage increased liver wt (M) F1 BMD10 0.78 mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage decreased pup survival BMDL5 0.84 mg/kg/d 69.6




decreased neonatal bw at

weaning BMDL5 0.86 mg/kg/d 71.6



2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f) Male 104 wk oral diet

m/f: increased incidence of

histopathological effects in liver,

f: significant reduced serum

triglycerides LOEL 0.86

mg/kg

bw/day NF

Covance Laboratories, Inc. 2001. Final report of the 104 week dietary carcinogenicity study with narrow range (98.1%) N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido-ethanol (N-

EtFOSE) in rats. # 6329- 212.


extended develop'l

(pre-mating,

mating &

gestation) oral gavage decreased pup survival BMDL5 0.89 mg/kg/d 69.6




extended develop'l

(pre-mating,

mating &

gestation) oral gavage decreased pup survival BMDL5 0.89 mg/kg/d 69.6




increased absolute liver wt

(reversible) BMD10 0.89 mg/kg/d 64.7




decreased ossification of foetal

forelimb phalanges BMD5 0.9 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (15 d) oral drinking water increased liver wt LOAEL 0.94 mg/kg/d 73.5

DeWitt, J. C., Copeland, C. B., Strynar, M. J. and Luebke, R. W. (2008). Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced immunomodulation in adult C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N female mice.

Environmental Health Perspectives. 116: 644-650.


decreased spleen & thymus wt,

decreased IgM response to

sheep red blood cells NOAEL 0.94 mg/kg/d 73.5



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (15 d) oral drinking water increased liver wt LOAEL 0.94 mg/kg/d 73.5



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Crl-CD rats 14 day Inhalation

Varying - mortality, liver weight

increases, increases in serum

activities, liver necrosis NOAEL 1 mg/m3 NF




fluorinated-chemicals Kennedy GL, Hall GT, Brittelli MR, Barnes JR, and Chen HC (1986) Inhalation toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Food Chem Toxicol 24: 1325-1329.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Sprague Dawley rats

Inhalation days 6 - 15

of gestation Maternal toxicity NOAEL 1 mg/m3 NF





Staples RE, Burgess BA, and Kerns WD (1984). The embryo-fetal toxicity and teratogenic potential of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) in the rat. Fundam Appl

Toxicol 4: 429-440.








Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal CD-1 Mice

Oral gavage days 1 -

17 of gestation

Increase in onset of sexual

maturation in males NOAEL, < 1 mg/kg bw/day 71.6







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal CD-1 Mice


17 of gestation

Increase in onset of sexual

maturation in males LOAEL 1 mg/kg bw/day 71.6







Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Rats

Oral - gavage days 6 -

15 of gestation

Maternal weight loss and

developmental toxicity NOAEL 1 mg/kg bw/day NF




fluorinated-chemicals Wetzel LT (1983) Rat teratology study, T-3351, final report. Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc. Project Number: 154–160, December 19, 1983. US EPA AR-226 226-0014.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage delayed pup eye opening NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased pup survival NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6




GD0-PND20

(gestational




only) NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 69.6




GD0-PND20

(gestational




only) LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage

increased maternal liver wt,

decreased pup survival &

increased incident of birth

defects NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d NS

Yahia, D., Tsukuba, C., Yoshida, M., Sato, I. and Tsuda, S. (2008). Neonatal death of mice treated with perfluorooctane sulfonate. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences. 33:

219-226.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage increased maternal liver wt NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6

Thibodeaux JR, Hanson RG, Rogers JM, Grey BE, Barbee BD, Richards JH, Butenhoff JL, Stevenson LA, Lau C. 2003. Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy

in rat and mouse. I. Maternal and prenatal evaluations. Toxicol Sci 74: 369-381.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse (female)

develop'l immuno-



production NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d NF Keil et al. 2008 cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse (male)

develop'l immuno-



production LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d NF Keil et al. 2008 cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rabbit

Develop tox (GD7-

20) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d NS



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 14 d oral gavage increased relative liver wt LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 73.5





(linear/branched PFOA) LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 73.5




decreased bw (F0 & F1),

increased liver & kidney wt (F0

& F1) LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage increased liver wt (M) LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage focal liver necrosis NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 68.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage delayed pup growth NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage increased liver wt dams LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage enlarged livers (dams) LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage growth deficits in litters NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6





alterations in foetal ossification

& early puberty (M) LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage increased maternal liver wt LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 71.6




develop &

mechanistic (GD0-

17 or 18) oral gavage

increased relative maternal liver

& kidney wt LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d Yahia et al. 2010 cited in Williamtown ERA


develop &

mechanistic (GD0-

17 or 18) oral gavage decreased foetal bw & survival NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d Yahia et al. 2010 cited in Williamtown ERA


delayed pup mammary gland

development (without

functional deficits in lactation

when using pup growth as a

proxy) LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 64.7

White, S. S., Jason, P. S., Kato, K., Calafat, A. M., Hines, E. P. and Fenton, S. E. (2011). Gestational and chronic low-dose PFOA exposures and mammary gland growth and

differentiation in three generations of CD-1 mice. Environmental Health Perspectives. 119: 1070-1076.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage decreased spleen & thymus wt LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 68.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage decreased IgM response NOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 68.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage liver single cell & focal necrosis LOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 68.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat GD 6-15 oral gavage

maternal toxicity,

developmental toxicity NOAEL 1

mg/kg

bw/day NF Wetzel LT (1983) Rat teratology study, T-3351, final report. Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc. Project Number: 154–160, December 19, 1983. US EPA AR-226 226-0014.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat GD2-21 oral gavage maternal weight gain NOAEL 1

mg/kg

bw/day 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat GD2-21 oral gavage foetal malformations NOAEL 1

mg/kg

bw/day 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat GD2-21 oral gavage survival, growth, development NOAEL 1

mg/kg

bw/day 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse GD1-18 oral gavage foetal malformations NOAEL 1

mg/kg

bw/day 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse GD1-18 oral gavage sternal defects NOAEL 1

mg/kg

bw/day 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rabbit GD6-20 oral gavage birth weight, ossification NOAEL 1

mg/kg

bw/day NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (f) fetal days 6-15 of gestationoral gavage

maternal: decreased weight

gain; decreased body weight

minus gravid uterine weight;

clinical effects fetal: incomplete

skull closure twice that of

controsl LOEL 1

mg/kg

bw/day NF Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 1983. Rat teratology study T-3351. # 154-160.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rabbit (f)

days 7 - 20 of

gestation oral gavage

reduced body weight gain over

entire exposure period LOEL 1

mg/kg

bw/day 69.6

Argus Research Laboratories, Inc., 1999d cited in Health Canada 2006; Argus Research Laboratories, Inc. 1999d. Final report: Oral (stomach tube) developmental toxicity

study of PFOS in rabbits. # 418-012.

2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f)

F1 males: from 22

days after birth to

the end of mating

(started 90 days

after birth),

females: from 22

days after birth

through to DL21 oral gavage Reduced body weight gains LOEL F1 (m/f) 1

mg/kg

bw/day NF

Argus Research Laboratories, Inc. 1999b. Combined oral (gavage) fertility, developmental and perinatal/postnatal reproduction toxicity study of N-EtFOSE in rats. # 418-

009.

Perfluorohexane Sulfanate PFHxS Mammal Rat Not specified 42 day oral gavage increased absolute and relative liver weight and liver to brain wt ratioNOAEL 1 mg/kg/d 66.7

Butenhoff, J. L., Ehresman, D. J., Chang, S.-C., Parker, G. A. and Stump, D. G. (2009). Gestational and lactational exposure to potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (K+PFOS)

in rats: Developmental neurotoxicity. Reproductive Toxicology. 27: 319-330.









extended develop'l

(pre-mating,

mating &

gestation) oral gavage decreased pup survival BMD5 1.06 mg/kg/d 69.6




extended develop'l

(pre-mating,

mating &

gestation) oral gavage decreased pup survival BMD5 1.06 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased pup survival BMD5 1.07 mg/kg/d 71.6




decreased neonatal bw at

weaning BMD5 1.07 mg/kg/d 71.6




decreased pup survival at

weaning BMDL5 1.09 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Male 2 yrs oral diet

decreased bw (M & F), non-

neoplastic histological changes

in liver (M & F), increased

incidence of Leydig cell tumours

(M) NOAEL 1.3 mg/kg/d 65.7

Butenhoff, J. L., Kennedy Jr., G. L., Chang, S.-C. and Olsen, G. W. (2012c). Chronic dietary toxicity and carcinogenicity study with ammonium perfluorooctanoate in Sprague-

Dawley rats. Toxicology 298: 1-13.









Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage increased maternal liver wt BMDL5 1.31 mg/kg/d 71.6






ATL LOAEL 1.33 mg/kg/d NF





ratio BMDL10 1.4 mg/kg/d 64.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal New Zealand White rabbits

Developmental toxicity - extra

ribs NOAEL 1.5 mg/kg/day NF





Gortner EG (1982) Oral teratology study of T-3141CoC in rabbits. Safety Evaluation Laboratory and Riker Laboratories, Inc. Experiment Number: 0681TB0398, February

1982.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 14 w oral diet body weight NOEC, > 1.5

mg/kg

bw/day NS

Seacat AM, Thomford PJ, Hansen KJ, Clemen LA, Eldridge SR, Elcombe CR, Butenhoff JL. 2003. Sub-chronic dietary toxicity of potassium perfluorroctanesulfonate in rats.

Toxicology 183: 117-131.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rhesus monkey 90 d oral gavage survival NOAEL 1.5

mg/kg

bw/day NF



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 26 weeks Increased liver weight 1.54 ug/kg/day ATSDR 2015 cited in Ablatross HHERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage

decreased pup weight & pup

mortality LOAEL 1.6 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage decreased pup weight gain LOAEL 1.6 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage decreased pup survival LOAEL 1.6 mg/kg/d 69.6




extended develop'l

(pre-mating,

mating &

gestation) oral gavage decreased pup survival LOAEL 1.6 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Female 2 yrs oral diet
















Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (10 d) oral diet increased liver wt LOAEL 1.6 mg/kg/d 65.7

Qazi, M. R., Dean Nelson, B., DePierre, J. W. and Abedi-Valugerdi, M. (2012). High-dose dietary exposure of mice to perfluorooctanoate or perfluorooctane sulfonate

exerts toxic effects on myeloid and B-lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and these effects are partially dependent on reduced food consumption. Food and Chemical

Toxicology. 50: 2955-2963.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (10 d) oral diet

decreased # of B-lymphoid cells

in bone marrow NOAEL 1.6 mg/kg/d 65.7



Toxicology. 50: 2955-2963.


F0 females: from 6

weeks before

mating through to

the 21st day of

lactation (DL 21) oral gavage

reduced body weight gains

during precohabitation LOEL F0 (f) 1.6

mg/kg

bw/day NF


009.


F1 males: from 22

days after birth to

the end of mating

(started 90 days

after birth) oral gavage

significantly reduced litter sizes

and both viability and lactation

indices; reductions in

development, including delayed

eye opening, surface righting,

pinna unfolding and air righting

reflex LOEL F1 (m/f) 1.6

mg/kg



F1 females: from

22 days after birth

to DL21 (for F2) oral gavage

significantly reduced litter sizes

and both viability and lactation

indices; reductions in

development, including delayed

eye opening, surface righting,

pinna unfolding and air righting

reflex LOEL F1 (m/f) 1.6

mg/kg


Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal ChR-CD rats 90 day Oral in diet Liver effects LOAEL 1.7 mg/kg bw/day NF







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Sprague-Dawley rat NA 91 d Oral Total Thyroxine LOAEL 1.7 mg/L 69.6 YuWG,LiuW, Jin YH. 2009. Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on rat thyroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:990–996.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 90 d oral diet


hepatocellular necrosis (M) LOAEL 1.7 mg/kg/d NF


EFSA, 2008.




sheep red blood cells NOAEL 1.88 mg/kg/d 73.5



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 13 wks oral diet decreased bw gain NOAEL 1.94 mg/kg/d 64.7



Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Crl:CD (SD) IGS BR rats - male 104 weeks Oral in diet Liver effects LOAEL 2 ppm NF







Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Crl:CD (SD) IGS BR rats - female 104 weeks Oral in diet Liver effects NOAEL 2 ppm NF







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Female Rat NA NA 2 year Oral Liver Assay NOAEL 2 ppm NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Male Rat NA NA 2 year Oral Liver Assay LOAEL 2 ppm NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Sprague-Dawley rat NA 28 d Oral Liver:Body Mass LOAEL 2 mg/kg NF

Curran I, Hierlihy SL, Liston V, Pantazopoulos P, Nunnikhoven A, Tittlemier S, Barker M, Trick K, Bondy G. 2008. Altered fatty acid homeostasis and related toxicologic

sequelae in rats exposed to dietary potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 71:1526–1541.








Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 13 wks oral diet

decreased food consumption,

increased liver wt, slight

hepatocyte hypertrophy LOAEL 2 mg/kg/d NF


EFSA, 2008.


increased centrilobular

hepatocyte hypertrophy &

vacuolation NOAEL 2 ppm NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain LOAEL 2 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage delayed pup eye opening LOAEL 2 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased pup survival NOAEL 2 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased pup survival LOAEL 2 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse Immuno-tox (10d) oral diet

increased liver wt (no immune

effects at this serum conc) LOAEL 2 mg/kg/d NS

Qazi, M. R., Xia, Z., Bogdanska, J., Chang, S.-C., Ehresman, D. J., Butenhoff, J. L., Nelson, B. D., DePierre, J. W. and Abedi-Valugerdi, M. (2009a). The atrophy and changes in

the cellular compositions of the thymus and spleen observed in mice subjected to short-term exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate are high-dose phenomena mediated

in part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα). Toxicology. 260: 68-76.

Qazi, M. R., Bogdanska, J., Butenhoff, J. L., Nelson, B. D., DePierre, J. W. and Abedi-Valugerdi, M. (2009b). High-dose, short-term exposure of mice to

perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) affects the number of circulating neutrophils differently, but enhances the inflammatory responses of

macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a similar fashion. Toxicology. 262: 207-214.


effects on immune system

(decreased thymus & spleen wt) NOAEL 2 mg/kg/d NS








decreased liver wt, decreased

thymus & spleen wt, decreased

epididymal fat depots,


decreased total white cells,

lymphocytes & neutrophils,

decreased total white cell count

in bone marrow & spleen,

increased in proportion found

as macrophages in bone

marrow, spleen & peritoneal

cavity, increased IL-6 NOAEL 2 mg/kg/d NS







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 90 d oral diet

body weight, mortality food

consumption NOEC 2

mg/kg

bw/day NF



2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f) 90 d oral diet

slight hepatocelllular

vacuolization; decreased

hemoglobin and hematocrit LOEL 2

mg/kg

bw/day NF International Research and Development Corporation. 1978d. Ninety day subacute rat toxicity study, FM-3422. # 137-086.

2-(N-methylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolNMeFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f) 13 weeks oral diet

increased relative brain, kidney,

liver and testis weight;

histopathological changes in the

liver, reductions in serum

cholesterol and triglycerides LOEL 2

mg/kg

bw/day NF Covance Laboratories, Inc. 1999d. 13-week dietary toxicity study with T-6314 in rats. # 6329-225.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey Decreased cholesterol and changes in thryoid hormones 2.3 ug/kg/day NS

MDH (2008). Health risk limits for perfluorochemicals. Report to the Minnesota Legislature 2008. Minnesota Department of Health. Final Report. January 15m, 2008.

http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/hazardous/topics/pfcs/finalreport011508.pdf.

2-(N-methylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolNMeFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f) at least 4 weeks dietary

increased relative liver weight

(f), hepatocellular hypertrophy

(m) LOEL 2.4

mg/kg

bw/day NF Covance Laboratories, Inc. 2000a. 4-week range-finding dietary toxicity study with N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol (N-MeFOSE, T-6314) in rats. # 6329-224.

Perfluorododecanoic acid PFDoA Mammal SD Rats LOAEL 2.5 mg/kg bw/day

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat Decreased cholesterol and changes in thryoid hormones 2.5 ug/kg/day NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rabbit (f)

days 7 - 20 of


decreased ossification of sternal

centres per fetus per litter;

reduced body weight LOEL 2.5

mg/kg

bw/day 69.6

Argus Research Laboratories, Inc., 1999d cited in Health Canada 2006; Argus Research Laboratories, Inc. 1999d. Final report: Oral (stomach tube) developmental toxicity

study of PFOS in rabbits. # 418-012.

2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rabbit (f)

days 7-20 of


reduced body weight gain;

increased late resorptions and

abortions LOEL 2.5

mg/kg

bw/day NF Argus Research Laboratories, Inc. 1999c. Oral (stomach tube) developmental toxicity study of N-EtFOSE in rabbits. # 418-010.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey 26 weeks Increased liver weight 2.52 ug/kg/day ATSDR 2015 cited in Ablatross HHERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage increased maternal liver wt BMD5 2.61 mg/kg/d 71.6




decreased pup survival at

weaning BMD5 2.84 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rhesus Monkeys 90 day Oral in diet Organ effects NOAEL, < 3 mg/kg bw/day NF







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rhesus Monkeys 90 day Oral in diet Organ effects LOAEL 3 mg/kg bw/day NF







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Sprague-Dawley rat NA 21 d Gavage Neonate mortality/Hepatocellular hypertrophy/Hapatic gene expressionLOAEL 3 mg/kg 52.9

Bjork JA, Lau C, Chang SC, Butenhoff JL, Wallace KB. 2008. Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced changes in fetal rat liver gene expression. Toxicology 251:8–20. / Lau C,

Thibodeaux JR, Hanson RG, Rogers JM, Grey BE, Stanton ME, Butenhoff JL, Stevenson LA. 2003. Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse.

II: Postnatal evaluation. Toxicol Sci 74:382–392.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Liver toxicity BMDL10 3 ug/kg/day NS




Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased pup survival LOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 90 d oral gavage

decreased heart and brain wt

(F) NOAEL 3 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 26 wks oral capsule increased liver wt LOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 57.8

Butenhoff, J., Costa, G., Elcombe, C., Farrar, D., Hansen, K., Iwai, H., Jung, R., Kennedy Jr., G., Lieder, P., Olsen, G. and Thomford, P. (2002). Toxicity of ammonium

perfluorooctanoate in male cynomolgus monkeys after oral dosing for 6 months. Toxicological Sciences. 69: 244-257.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 26 wks oral capsule increased liver wt (reversible) LOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 57.8



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 26 wks oral capsule

increased absolute liver wt, &

mean liver to body wt

percentages (reversible) LOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 57.8



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 13 wks oral diet decreased body weight BMDL10 3 mg/kg/d 64.7




decreased pup bw gain during

lactation, mortality, delayed

sexual maturation NOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 66.7




increased litter resorptions,

decreased pup survival NOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage delayed pup growth LOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage growth deficits in litters LOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 71.6




develop &

mechanistic (GD1-

17) oral gavage

increased relative liver wt in

dams and offspring,

hepatocellular hypertrophy in

dams LOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 66.7

Albrecht, P. P., Torsell, N. E., Krishnan, P., Ehresman, D. J., Frame, S. R., Chang, S.-C., Butenhoff, J. L., Kennedy, G. L., Gonzalez, F. J. and Peters, J. M. (2013). A species

difference in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-dependent response to the developmental effects of perfluorooctanoic acid. Toxicological Sciences. 131:

568-582.


Develop (GD7-17,

GD10-17, GD13-17,

or 15 -17) oral gavage

increased maternal & pup liver

wt, delayed pup eye opening 7

growth of body hair, altered

pup mammary gland

development LOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 69.6

Wolf, C. J., Fenton, S. E., Schmid, J. E., Calafat, A. M., Kuklenyik, Z., Bryant, X. A., Thibodeaux, J., Das, K. P., White, S. S., Lau, C. S. and Abbott, B. D. (2007). Developmental

toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid in the CD-1 mouse after cross-foster and restricted gestational exposures. Toxicological Sciences. 95: 462-473.









Develop (GD7-17,

GD10-17, GD13-17,


increased absolute & relative

maternal liver wt, delayed

offspring eye opening & body

hair growth, increased offspring

relative liver wt, decreased

offspring bw, delayed mammary

gland development LOAEL 3 mg/kg/d 69.6




mg/kg

bw/day 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (m/f) 28 d oral gavage

hepatocellular hypertrophy

(m/f); increased relative liver

weight (m/f); increased relative

kidney weight (f); reduced body

weight (f) LOAEL 3

mg/kg

bw/day NF

NOTOX. 1999. Exploratory 28-day oral toxicity study with telomer alcohol, telomer acrylate, [redacted confidential business information], PFHS and PFOS (positive control)

by daily gavage in the rat followed by a 14/28-day recovery period. # 242933.

Perfluorohexane Sulfanate PFHxS Mammal Rat Not specified 42 day oral gavage increased absolute and relative liver weight and liver to brain wt ratioLOAEL 3 mg/kg/d NS







sheep red blood cells BMD1SD 3.06 mg/kg/d 73.5




decreased # of B-lymphoid cells

in bone marrow LOAEL 3.1 mg/kg/d 65.7



Toxicology. 50: 2955-2963.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain BMDL5 3.14 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Wistar rat NA Oral Total Thyroxine LOAEL 3.2 mg/kg 69.6

Wang FQ, Liu W, Jin YH, Dai JY, Zhao HX, Xie Q, Liu XH, YuWG,Ma JS. 2011. Interaction of PFOS and BDE-47 co-exposure on thyroid hormone levels and TH-related gene

and protein expression in developing rat brains. Toxicol Sci 121:279–291.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat, mice various oral increased liver weight NOAEL 3.35 mg/L serum NS

US EPA (2014). Health effects document for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). United States Environmental Protection Agency. DRAFT. February 2014. Document

Number 822R14002.




sheep red blood cells LOAEL 3.75 mg/kg/d 73.5






sheep red blood cells LOAEL 3.75 mg/kg/d 73.5



2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rabbit (f)

days 7-20 of

gestation oral gavage LOEL, > 3.75

mg/kg

bw/day NF Argus Research Laboratories, Inc. 1999c. Oral (stomach tube) developmental toxicity study of N-EtFOSE in rabbits. # 418-010.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased pup survival BMDL5 3.88 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 26 wks oral capsule


ratio (reversible) BMDL10 3.9 mg/kg/d 57.8



2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f) Female 104 wk oral diet

m/f: increased incidence of

histopathological effects in liver,

f: significant reduced serum

triglycerides LOEL 4.213

mg/kg

bw/day NF

Covance Laboratories, Inc. 2001. Final report of the 104 week dietary carcinogenicity study with narrow range (98.1%) N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido-ethanol (N-

EtFOSE) in rats. # 6329- 212.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 2 yrs oral diet

increased incidence of Leydig

cell adenoma BMDL10 4.8 mg/kg/d 65.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Foetal toxicity 4.9 ug/kg/day NF Food Standards Australia New Zealand cited in Albatross HHERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal New Zealand White rabbits

Developmental toxicity - extra

ribs LOAEL 5 mg/kg/day NF





Gortner EG (1982) Oral teratology study of T-3141CoC in rabbits. Safety Evaluation Laboratory and Riker Laboratories, Inc. Experiment Number: 0681TB0398, February

1982.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Crl:CD (SD) IGS BR rats - female 104 weeks Oral in diet Liver effects LOAEL 5 ppm NF









15 of gestation Maternal toxicity NOAEL 5 mg/kg bw/day NF





Gortner EG (1980) Oral Teratology Study of FC-95 in Rats. Riker Laboratories, Inc. Experiment Number: 0680TR0008, December, 1980. AR-226 226-0016. U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, U.S.A.



15 of gestation

Maternal weight loss and

developmental toxicity LOAEL 5 mg/kg bw/day NF




fluorinated-chemicals Wetzel LT (1983) Rat teratology study, T-3351, final report. Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc. Project Number: 154–160, December 19, 1983. US EPA AR-226 226-0014.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Female Rat NA NA 2 year Oral Liver Assay LOAEL 5 ppm NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 4 wks oral gavage

decreased bw & pulmonary

congestion LOAEL 5 mg/kg/d NS

Cui, L., Zhou, Q.-f., Liao, C.-y., Fu, J.-j. and Jiang, G.-b. (2009). Studies on the toxicological effects of PFOA and PFOS on rats using histological observation and chemical

analysis. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 56: 338-349.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (Female) 14 wks oral diet



vacuolation NOAEL 5 ppm NF






vacuolation LOAEL 5 ppm NF






ATL NOAEL 5 ppm NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (Male and Female) 2 yr oral diet liver adenomas NOAEL 5 ppm NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased foetal body wt NOAEL 5 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage increased maternal liver wt LOAEL 5 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased pup survival NOAEL 5 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse (female)

develop'l immuno-



production LOAEL 5 mg/kg/d NF Keil et al. 2008 cited in Williamtown ERA


increased litter resorptions,

decreased pup survival LOAEL 5 mg/kg/d 71.6




develop &

mechanistic (GD0-

17 or 18) oral gavage decreased foetal bw & survival LOAEL 5 mg/kg/d Yahia et al. 2010 cited in Williamtown ERA


Develop (GD1-17,

GD8-17, or GD12 -

17) oral gavage

decreased mammary

differentiation in dams &

altered mammary gland

develop in female pups LOAEL 5 mg/kg/d 64.7

White, S. S., Calafat, A. M., Kuklenyik, Z., Villanueva, L., Zehr, R. D., Helfant, L., Strynar, M. J., Lindstrom, A. B., Thibodeaux, J. R., Wood, C. and Fenton, S. E. (2007).

Gestational PFOA exposure of mice is associated with altered mammary gland development in dams and female offspring. Toxicological Sciences. 96: 133-144.


Develop (GD1-17,

GD8-17, or GD12 -

17) oral gavage decreased pup survival LOAEL 5 mg/kg/d 64.7

White, S. S., Calafat, A. M., Kuklenyik, Z., Villanueva, L., Zehr, R. D., Helfant, L., Strynar, M. J., Lindstrom, A. B., Thibodeaux, J. R., Wood, C. and Fenton, S. E. (2007).

Gestational PFOA exposure of mice is associated with altered mammary gland development in dams and female offspring. Toxicological Sciences. 96: 133-144.


Develop (GD7-17,

GD10-17, GD13-17,

or 15 -17) oral gavage decreased pup survival NOAEL 5 mg/kg/d 69.6




Develop (GD7-17,

GD10-17, GD13-17,


increased relative liver wt &

delayed mammary gland

development in female pups LOAEL 5 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat GD 6-15 oral gavage

maternal toxicity,

developmental toxicity NOAEL 5

mg/kg

bw/day NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat GD2-21 oral gavage foetal weight NOAEL 5

mg/kg

bw/day 71.6




mg/kg

bw/day 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse GD1-18 oral gavage foetal weight NOAEL 5

mg/kg

bw/day 71.6










Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (f) maternal days 6-15 of gestationoral gavage

maternal: decreased weight

gain; decreased body weight

minus gravid uterine weight;

clinical effects fetal: incomplete

skull closure twice that of

controsl LOEL 5

mg/kg

bw/day NF Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 1983. Rat teratology study T-3351. # 154-160.

2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f)

F0 males: from 28

days before to end

of mating, females:

from 28 days

before through to

the 21st day of

lactation (DL 21) oral gavage

reduced body weight gains,

increased relative left testis

weight, reduced duration of

gestation LOEL F0 (m/f) 5

mg/kg

bw/day NF


009.

2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f) F2 oral gavage

reduced viability and lactation

indices; reduced mean litter

weight LOEL F2 (m/f) 5

mg/kg

bw/day NF


009.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Sprague Dawley rats 1 hour Inhalation Mortality LC50 5.2 mg/L




fluorinated-chemicals Rusch GM, Rinehart WE and Bozak CA (1979) An Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study of T-2306 CoC in the Rat. Project No. 78-7185, Bio/dynamics Inc.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 1 h inhalation Survival LC50 5.2 mg/L 40.2

Rusch, G. (1979). An acute inhalation study of T-2305 CoC in the rat. Bio/dynamics, Inc. Study No. 78-7184, May 3, 1979. US Environmental Protection Agency

Administrative Record 226-0417.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal CD rats 90 d Oral Mortality LD50, > 6 mg/kd/day NF







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (10 d) oral diet decreased spleen & thymus wt NOAEL 6 mg/kg/d 65.7

Yang, Q., Xie, Y., Eriksson, A. M., Nelson, B. D. and DePierre, J. W. (2001). Further evidence for the involvement of inhibition of cell proliferation and development in

thymic and splenic atrophy induced by the peroxisome proliferator perfluoroctanoic acid in mice3. Biochemical Pharmacology. 62: 1133-1140.

Perfluorohexane Sulfanate PFHxS Mammal Mouse Not specified 4-6 weeks oral in diet decrease in non-HDL cholesterol, increased liver weightLOAEL 6 mg/kg/d 69.6

Bijland, S., Rensen, P. C. N., Pieterman, E. J., Maas, A. C. E., van der Hoorn, J. W., van Erk, M. J., Havekes, L. M., Willems van Dijk, K., Chang, S.-C., Ehresman, D. J.,

Butenhoff, J. L. and Princen, H. M. G. (2011). Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates cause alkyl chain length–dependent hepatic steatosis and hypolipidemia mainly by impairing

lipoprotein production in APOE*3-Leiden CETP mice. Toxicological Sciences. 123: 290-303.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mice and rats Singular and multi-generationalOral in diet Reproductive endpoints NOAEL 6.2

mg/kg

bw/day ATSDR 2015 cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mice and rats Reproductive endpoints NOAEL 6.2

mg/kg

bw/day ATSDR 2015 cited in Oakey ERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 13 wks oral diet decreased bw gain LOAEL 6.5 mg/kg/d 64.7



2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f) inhalation LC50, > 6.5 g/m3 NF Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 1981. Corrected: Final report on acute inhalation toxicity study in rats. # 154-157.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased pup survival BMD5 7.02 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mice and rats Singular and multi-generationalOral in diet Reproductive endpoints LOAEL 7.6

mg/kg

bw/day ATSDR 2015 cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mice and rats Reproductive endpoints LOAEL 7.6

mg/kg

bw/day ATSDR 2015 cited in Oakey ERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Crl-CD rats 14 day Inhalation

Varying - mortality, liver weight

increases, increases in serum

activities, liver necrosis LOAEL 8 mg/m3 NF




fluorinated-chemicals Kennedy GL, Hall GT, Brittelli MR, Barnes JR, and Chen HC (1986) Inhalation toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Food Chem Toxicol 24: 1325-1329.


Neonatal neurotox

(single dose) oral gavage

decreased locomotion, rearing

& total activity; increased

habituation ratio LOAEL 8.7 mg/kg/d 65.7

Johansson, N., Fredriksson, A. and Eriksson, P. (2008). Neonatal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) causes neurobehavioural

defects in adult mice. Neurotoxicology. 29: 160-169.

Perfluorohexane Sulfanate PFHxS Mammal Mouse Not specified single bolus dose oral gavage decreased habituation 2&4 months after exposureLOAEL 9.2 mg/kg/d 65.7 Viberg, H., Lee, I. and Eriksson, P. (2013). Adult dose-dependent behavioral and cognitive disturbances after a single neonatal PFHxS dose. Toxicology. 304: 185-191.



of gestation Maternal toxicity LOAEL 10 mg/m3 NF






Toxicol 4: 429-440.



of gestation Developmental toxicity NOAEL 10 mg/m3 NF






Toxicol 4: 429-440.



15 of gestation Maternal toxicity LOAEL 10 mg/kg bw/day NF







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat develop'l (GD2-20) oral gavage decreased foetal body wt LOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage


decreased pup survival &

increased incident of birth

defects LOAEL 10 mg/kg/d NS

Yahia, D., Tsukuba, C., Yoshida, M., Sato, I. and Tsuda, S. (2008). Neonatal death of mice treated with perfluorooctane sulfonate. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences. 33:

219-226.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased pup survival LOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 90 d oral gavage

decreased heart and brain wt

(F) LOAEL 10 mg/kg/d NF



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 26 wks oral capsule decreased bw (reversible) BMDL10 10 mg/kg/d 65.7




decreased pup birth wt &

decreased pup survival NOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 66.7




decreased pup bw gain during

lactation, mortality, delayed

sexual maturation LOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Develop (GD 4-21) oral gavage

slight decreased bw gain in

dams NOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 42.2

Hinderliter, P. M., Mylchreest, E., Gannon, S. A., Butenhoff, J. L. and Kennedy Jr, G. L. (2005). Perfluorooctanoate: Placental and lactational transport pharmacokinetics in

rats. Toxicology. 211: 139-148.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage focal liver necrosis LOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 68.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased bw gain dams NOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage decreased IgM response LOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 68.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse GD1-18 oral gavage cleft palate NOAEL 10

mg/kg

bw/day 71.6



2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal rat (f)

days 6 - 17 of

gestation oral gavage reduced body weight gain LOEL 10

mg/kg

bw/day NF Argus Research Laboratories, Inc. 1998. Oral (gavage) developmental toxicity study of NEtFOSE in rats. # 418-011.

2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal rat (f)

days 6 - 17 of


reduced live fetal body weight

and increased skeletal

alterations, ossification

alterations LOEL 10

mg/kg

bw/day NF Argus Research Laboratories, Inc. 1998. Oral (gavage) developmental toxicity study of NEtFOSE in rats. # 418-011.

Perfluorohexane Sulfanate PFHxS Mammal Monkey Not specified single bolus dose i.v. not specified NOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 64.7

Sundström, M., Chang, S.-C., Noker, P. E., Gorman, G. S., Hart, J. A., Ehresman, D. J., Bergman, Å. and Butenhoff, J. L. (2012). Comparative pharmacokinetics of

perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) in rats, mice, and monkeys. Reproductive Toxicology. 33: 441-451.

Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Monkey Not specified single bolus dose i.v. no adverse effects on b.w. NOAEL 10 mg/kg/d 64.7

Chengelis, C. P., Kirkpatrick, J. B., Myers, N. R., Shinohara, M., Stetson, P. L. and Sved, D. W. (2009b). Comparison of the toxicokinetic behavior of perfluorohexanoic acid

(PFHxA) and nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid (PFBS) in cynomolgus monkeys and rats. Reproductive Toxicology. 27: 400-406.


Gestational

neurotox (GD0-

PND20)


decresaed habituation serum NOAEL 10.87 mg/L NS


Number 822R14002.

Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified Male 90 days oral gavage nasal lesions BMDL10 13 mg/kg/d 69.6

Loveless, S. E., Slezak, B., Serex, T., Lewis, J., Mukerji, P., O’Connor, J. C., Donner, E. M., Frame, S. R., Korzeniowski, S. H. and Buck, R. C. (2009). Toxicological evaluation of

sodium perfluorohexanoate. Toxicology. 264: 32-44.






(M) LOAEL 14.2 mg/kg/d 65.7



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain NOAEL 15 mg/kg/d 71.6










1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctansulfonic acid 6:2 FTS Mammal Rat (M) 28 day oral gavage Survival NOAEL 15 mg/kg/d NS

DuPont (2012). DuPont surface protection solutions: DuPont Capstone repellents and surfactants product stewardship detail.

https://www.chemours.com/Capstone/en_US/assets/downloads/K-20614-3_Capstone_Stewardship_Detail_Brochure.pdf.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse GD1-18 oral gavage maternal weight gain NOAEL 15

mg/kg

bw/day 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain BMD5 15.15 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 26 wks oral increased liver weight BMDL10 15.53 mg/L serum ATSDR 2015a cited in Williamtown ERA






(M) LOAEL 16.1 mg/kg/d 65.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 1h inhalation Survival LC50, > 18.6 mg/L 40.2

Rusch, G. (1979). An acute inhalation study of T-2305 CoC in the rat. Bio/dynamics, Inc. Study No. 78-7184, May 3, 1979. US Environmental Protection Agency


Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Crl-CD rats 14 day Dermal

Varying - skin irritation, body

weight reductions, increased

liver weight, etd. NOAEL, < 20 mg/kg bw/day NF




fluorinated-chemicals Kennedy GL (1985) Dermal toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 81: 348-355.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Crl-CD rats 14 day Dermal

Varying - skin irritation, body

weight reductions, increased

liver weight, etd. LOAEL 20 mg/kg bw/day NF





Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (Female) 14 wks oral diet



vacuolation LOAEL 20 ppm NF






ATL LOAEL 20 ppm NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (Male and Female) 2 yr oral diet liver adenomas LOAEL 20 ppm NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Mouse develop'l (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased maternal bw gain LOAEL 20 mg/kg/d 71.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Develop (GD1-17) oral gavage decreased bw gain dams LOAEL 20 mg/kg/d 71.6




Develop (GD7-17,

GD10-17, GD13-17,

or 15 -17) oral gavage decreased pup survival LOAEL 20 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Mouse Immunotox (10 d) oral diet decreased spleen & thymus wt LOAEL 20 mg/kg/d 65.7

Yang, Q., Xie, Y., Eriksson, A. M., Nelson, B. D. and DePierre, J. W. (2001). Further evidence for the involvement of inhibition of cell proliferation and development in

thymic and splenic atrophy induced by the peroxisome proliferator perfluoroctanoic acid in mice3. Biochemical Pharmacology. 62: 1133-1140.

Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified 90 days oral gavage nasal lesions NOAEL 20 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified Female 90 days oral gavage nasal lesions BMDL10 21 69.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 90 d oral diet increased liver wt (F) NOAEL 22 mg/kg/d NF


EFSA, 2008.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Monkey 26 wks oral increased liver weight BMDL10 23 mg/L serum NS





of gestation Developmental toxicity LOAEL 25 mg/m3 NF






Toxicol 4: 429-440.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 25 ug/kg/day NS



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rats 2 generation Oral

Fertility index, gestation index,

number of implantation sites,

litter size and viability, lactation

index NOAEL 30 mg/kg-day 66.7







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rats 2 generation Oral

Fertility index, gestation index,

number of implantation sites,

litter size and viability, lactation

index LOAEL, > 30 mg/kg-day 66.7







Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey 26 weeks Decreased serum T3 levels NOAEL 30 ug/kg/day NF United Kingdom Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment cited in Albatross HHERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey 26 weeks Changes in serum lipids and thyroid hormonesNOAEL 30 ug/kg/day NS




decreased pup birth wt &

decreased pup survival LOAEL 30 mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Develop (GD 4-21) oral gavage

slight decreased bw gain in

dams LOAEL 30 mg/kg/d 42.2

Hinderliter, P. M., Mylchreest, E., Gannon, S. A., Butenhoff, J. L. and Kennedy Jr, G. L. (2005). Perfluorooctanoate: Placental and lactational transport pharmacokinetics in

rats. Toxicology. 211: 139-148.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Immunotox (29 d) oral gavage

immune effects (no effects on

various immunological

parameters) NOAEL 30 mg/kg/d 68.6



Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified Female 2 years oral gavage decreased survival, papillary necrosis (F); no adverse effects noted in malesNOAEL 30 mg/kg/d 69.6 Kennedy GL, Hall GT, Brittelli MR, Barnes JR, and Chen HC (1986) Inhalation toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Food Chem Toxicol 24: 1325-1329.Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat Liver toxicity BMDL10 33 ug/kg/day NS Danish EPA (2015). Perfluoroalkylated substances: PFOA, PFOS and PFOSA: Evaluation of health hazards and proposal of a health based quality criterion for drinking water,






(reversible) BMDL10 35 mg/L NF Seacat et al. 2002 cited in Williamtown ERA


increased liver wieght &

decreased cholesterol BMDL10 35 mg/L NS



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey 26 wks increased liver wt serum NOAEL 36.4 mg/L ATSDR 2015a cited in Williamtown ERA

Perfluorooctadecanoic acid PFOdA Mammal SD Rats 42 - 47 d Oral in diet


hepatocellular hypertrophy NOAEL 40 mg/kg bw/day 79.4





Hirata-Koizumi M, Fujii S, Furukawa M, Ono A, Hirose A, 2012. Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of perfluorooctadecanoic acid in rats. J Toxicol Sci

37(1), 63-79.


effects on immune system

(decreased thymus & spleen wt) LOAEL 40 mg/kg/d NS








decreased liver wt, decreased

thymus & spleen wt, decreased

epididymal fat depots,


decreased total white cells,

lymphocytes & neutrophils,

decreased total white cell count

in bone marrow & spleen,

increased in proportion found

as macrophages in bone

marrow, spleen & peritoneal

cavity, increased IL-6 LOAEL 40 mg/kg/d NS







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 2-gen oral gavage decreased pup bw (at day 22) BMDL10 44 mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat, mice various oral increased liver weight LOAEL 46 mg/L serum NS


Number 822R14002.

Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified Male 90 days oral gavage increased liver weight, decreased total protein, increased peroxisome proliferation indexNOAEL 50 mg/kg/d 64.7

Chengelis, C. P., Kirkpatrick, J. B., Myers, N. R., Shinohara, M., Stetson, P. L. and Sved, D. W. (2009b). Comparison of the toxicokinetic behavior of perfluorohexanoic acid

(PFHxA) and nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid (PFBS) in cynomolgus monkeys and rats. Reproductive Toxicology. 27: 400-406.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Mammal Sprague Dawley rats 4 h Inhalation Mortality LD50, > 62 mg/L NS





REACH Dossier (REACH). 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonyl fluoride (CAS No. 375-72-4). Accessed October 2014 at

http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/information-on-chemicals/registered-substances








Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 90 d oral diet increased liver wt (F) LOAEL 76 mg/kg/d NF


EFSA, 2008.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Mammal Sprague Dawley rats 28 d Repeated oral dose Male decreased serum P and K NOEL 100 mg/kg bw/day 73.5





National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS, 2005). Existing Chemicals hazard assessment report on potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate.

Available at http://www.nicnas.gov.au

Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Mammal Sprague Dawley rats 2 generation

Systemic toxicity - kidney/liver

changes NOAEL 100 mg/kg bw/day 73.5







Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified 90 days oral gavage nasal lesions LOAEL 100 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified 90 days oral gavage thyroid hypertrophy NOAEL 100 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified Male 2 years oral gavage decreased survival, papillary necrosis (F); no adverse effects noted in malesNOAEL 100 mg/kg/d 69.6 Kennedy GL, Hall GT, Brittelli MR, Barnes JR, and Chen HC (1986) Inhalation toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Food Chem Toxicol 24: 1325-1329.

Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified Female 2 years oral gavage decreased survival, papillary necrosis (F); no adverse effects noted in malesLOAEL, > 100 mg/kg/d 69.6 Kennedy GL, Hall GT, Brittelli MR, Barnes JR, and Chen HC (1986) Inhalation toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Food Chem Toxicol 24: 1325-1329.

Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified GD6-20 oral gavage Decreased maternal and fetal body weight gainNOAEL 100 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Mouse Not specified GD6-18 oral gavage increased pup mortality and decreased pup bw at PND1NOAEL 100 mg/kg/d 69.6

Iwai, H. and Hoberman, A. M. (2014). Oral (gavage) combined developmental and perinatal/postnatal reproduction toxicity study of ammonium salt of perfluorinated

hexanoic acid in mice. International Journal of Toxicology. 33: 219-237.

PFHxA Mammal Mouse F1 generation Oral in diet

Live births and post natal

mortality LOEC 175 mg/kg bw





Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Mouse Not specified GD6-18 oral gavage increased pup mortality and decreased pup bw at PND1LOAEL 175 mg/kg/d 69.6

Iwai, H. and Hoberman, A. M. (2014). Oral (gavage) combined developmental and perinatal/postnatal reproduction toxicity study of ammonium salt of perfluorinated

hexanoic acid in mice. International Journal of Toxicology. 33: 219-237.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Guinea pigs - Male Oral Mortality LD50 178 mg/kg bw NF




fluorinated-chemicals Du Pont Company (1981) Oral LD50 test in Guinea Pigs. Haskell Laboratory unpublished report. Newark, DE.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Mammal Sprague Dawley rats 90 d Repeated oral dose Necrosis of forestomach NOAEL 200 mg/kg bw/day 73.5







Perfluorooctadecanoic acid PFOdA Mammal SD Rats 42 - 47 d Oral in diet


hepatocellular hypertrophy LOAEL 200 mg/kg bw/day 79.4





Hirata-Koizumi M, Fujii S, Furukawa M, Ono A, Hirose A, 2012. Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of perfluorooctadecanoic acid in rats. J Toxicol Sci

37(1), 63-79.

Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified Female 90 days oral gavage increased liver weight, decreased total protein, increased peroxisome proliferation indexNOAEL, > 200

Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified Male 2 years oral gavage decreased survival, papillary necrosis (F); no adverse effects noted in malesLOAEL 200 mg/kg/d 69.6 Kennedy GL, Hall GT, Brittelli MR, Barnes JR, and Chen HC (1986) Inhalation toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Food Chem Toxicol 24: 1325-1329.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Guinea pigs - Female Oral Mortality LD50 217 mg/kg bw NF




fluorinated-chemicals Du Pont Company (1981) Oral LD50 test in Guinea Pigs. Haskell Laboratory unpublished report. Newark, DE.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Rats - Male Acute Oral Mortality LD50 233 mg/kg bw NF





Dean WP, Jessup DC, Thompson G, Romig G and Powell D (1978) Fluorad Fluorochemical Surfactant FC-95 Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) Study in Rats. Study No. 137-083,

International Research and Development Corporation.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal CD rats Female Oral - gavage Mortality LD50 250 mg/kg bw NF





Glaza, S. (1997). Acute oral toxicity study of T-6669 in rats. Corning Hazleton Inc. Study No. CHW 61001760, January 10, 1997. US Environmental Protection Agency


Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Female oral Survival LD50 250 mg/kg NF



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat 14 d oral Survival LD50 251 mg/kg NF

Dean, W. and Jessup, D. (1978). Acute oral toxicity (LD50) study in rats. International Research and Development Corporation, Study No. 137-091, May 5, 1978. US EPA

AR226-0419.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (m/f) oral LD50 251 mg/kg bw NF International Research and Development Corporation. 1978a. Fluorochemical FC-95, acute oral toxicity (LD50) study in rats. # 137-083.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS Mammal Rats - Female Acute Oral Mortality LD50 271 mg/kg bw NF





Dean WP, Jessup DC, Thompson G, Romig G and Powell D (1978) Fluorad Fluorochemical Surfactant FC-95 Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) Study in Rats. Study No. 137-083,

International Research and Development Corporation.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Mammal Sprague Dawley rats 28 d Repeated oral dose

Increase in kidney and liver

weights NOAEL 300 mg/kg bw/day 73.5







Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Mammal Sprague Dawley rats


20 of gestation Reduced body weight gains NOAEL 300 mg/kg bw/day 73.5








Systemic toxicity - kidney/liver

changes LOAEL 300 mg/kg bw/day 73.5







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat and mouse Hepatic effects 300 ug/kg/day NF United Kingdom Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment cited in Albatross HHERA

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat and mouse Liver effects BMDL10 300 ug/kg/day NS



N-methylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamide NMeFOSA Mammal Rat (m/f) oral LD50 350 mg/kg bw NF Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 1985. Final report: Acute oral toxicity: method, summary, pathology. # 50202473, sample T-3727.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal CD rats Female Oral - gavage Mortality LD50 430 mg/kg bw NF






AR226-0419.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Female oral Survival LD50 430 NF


AR226-0419.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Mammal Rabbit 72 h

4 - h dose dermal -

occlusive Erythema or oedema EC50, > 500 mg 73.5







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal CD rats Male Oral - gavage Mortality LD50, > 500 mg/kg bw NF







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Male oral Survival LD50, > 500 mg/kg NF



2-(N-methylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolNMeFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f) oral LD50, > 500 mg/kg bw NF Riker Laboratories, Inc., 1981b cited in Health Canada 2006; Riker Laboratories, Inc. 1981b. Acute oral toxicity screen with T-3066CoC in albino rats. # 0981AR0146.

Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified 90 days oral gavage thyroid hypertrophy LOAEL 500 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxA Mammal Rat Not specified GD6-20 oral gavage Decreased maternal and fetal body weight gainLOAEL 500 mg/kg/d 69.6



Perfluoroheptanoic acid PFHpA Mammal Rats Oral - liquid Mortality LD50 670 mg/kg bw




fluorinated-chemicals unpublished study provided by Dupont Co.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal CD rats Male Oral - gavage Mortality LD50 680 mg/kg bw NF






AR226-0419.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Male oral Survival LD50 680 mg/kg NF


AR226-0419.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat 4h inhalation Survival LC50 980 mg/m3 NF Kennedy GL, Hall GT, Brittelli MR, Barnes JR, and Chen HC (1986) Inhalation toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Food Chem Toxicol 24: 1325-1329.



20 of gestation Feed consumption NOAEL 1000 mg/kg bw/day 73.5
















20 of gestation Develpomental NOAEL 1000 mg/kg bw/day 73.5








Reproduction, fertility, or

lactation NOAEL 1000 mg/kg bw/day 73.5







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat oral Survival LD50, < 1,000 mg/kg NF Gabriel, K. (1976c). Acute oral toxicity - rats. Biosearch Inc. September 16, 1976. US Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Record 226-0425.

2-(N-ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido) ethanolN-EtFOSE Mammal Rat (m/f) oral LD50 1467 mg/kg bw NF International Research and Development Corporation. 1978b. FM-3422: Acute oral toxicity (LD50) study in rats. # 137-084.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFBS Mammal Rat Oral by gavage Mortality LD50, > 2000 mg/kg bw 73.5







Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal New Zealand White rabbits Dermal Mortality LD50, > 2000 mg/kg NF





Glaza, S. (1995). Acute dermal toxicity study of T-6342 in rabbits. Corning Hazelton, Inc. Madison, WI. Project ID: HWI 50800374. 3M Company. St Paul, MN. US

Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Record 226-0427.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rabbit dermal Survival LD50, > 2000 mg/kg NF

Glaza, S. (1995). Acute dermal toxicity study of T-6342 in rabbits. Corning Hazelton, Inc. Madison, WI. Project ID: HWI 50800374. 3M Company. St Paul, MN. US

Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Record 226-0427.

1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctansulfonic acid 6:2 FTS Mammal Rat (M) 28 day oral gavage Survival LD50 2000 mg/kg NS

DuPont (2012). DuPont surface protection solutions: DuPont Capstone repellents and surfactants product stewardship detail.

https://www.chemours.com/Capstone/en_US/assets/downloads/K-20614-3_Capstone_Stewardship_Detail_Brochure.pdf.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rabbit Dermal Mortality LD50 4300 mg/kg NF





Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rabbit dermal Survival LD50 4300 mg/kg NF Kennedy GL (1985) Dermal toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 81: 348-355.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat Blood plasma concentration NOAEL 4600 ug/L NF Butenhoff et al. 2012/Thomford 2002 cited in East Sale HHERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat (m/f) inhalation LC50 5200 mg/m3 NF Health Canada 2006 Bio/Dynamics, Inc. 1979a. An acute inhalation toxicity study of T-2306 CoC in the rat. # 78- 7185.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rats - Male Dermal Mortality LD50 7000 mg/kg NF





Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Male 2 wks dermal Survival LD50 7000 mg/kg NF Kennedy GL (1985) Dermal toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 81: 348-355.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat Blood plasma concentration NOAEL 7140 ug/L 69.6



Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rats - Female Dermal Mortality LD50 7500 mg/kg NF





Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Mammal Rat Female 2 wks dermal Survival LD50, > 7500 mg/kg NF Kennedy GL (1985) Dermal toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 81: 348-355.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat Blood plasma concentration NOAEL 8650 ug/L NF Butenhoff et al. 2012/Thomford 2002 cited in East Sale HHERA

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rat Blood plasma concentration NOAEL 15600 ug/L 71.6



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Monkey Blood plasma concentration NOAEL 38100 ug/L NF Seacat et al. 2002 cited in East Sale HHERA


decreased pup survival post-

lactation BMDL10 22 (M), 24 (F) mg/kg/d 66.7



Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS Mammal Rabbit dermal not irritating to skin NF OECD 2012 Biesemeier, J. and Harris, D. (1974). Eye and skin irritation report on Sample T-1117. Report. Project No. 4102871, WARF Institute Inc.


appendix k - toxicity values · perfluorooctanesulfonic acid pfos aquatic plants duckweed lemna...

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