application and implementation of green infrastructure in
TRANSCRIPT
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Application and Implementation
of Green Infrastructure in
Parks.
Presented by Johan Barnard
Assisted by Chris Brooker
&
Agathe Dagutat
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The Green Infrastructure (GI) is based on the
understanding that land is a crucial component of the
built environment and can be planned, designed,
developed, and maintained to avoid, mitigate, and even
reverse detrimental impacts.
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Environmental Approach
• SA’s biggest crisis is the scarcity of water.
• Increased population density more flexible infrastructure
is needed.
• Can not afford efficient water runoff:
“Shortest distance to big pipe straight to the river”
• Need to focus on improvement of water quality
• Reduce run off velocity and allow filtering.
• Detention dams are no longer the only mitigation
measure
• Stormwater treated as a resource – not waste
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Manage precipitation on site
Intent
Reduce negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems,
channel morphology by replicating natural hydrologic
conditions and retaining precipitation on site.
Urban Resilience through Water Management
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Re-integrate water into an ecological system
Intent
Conserve water resources and develop strategies to
integrate water movement through the landscape in a
more ecological way.
More natural surface water and groundwater
utilization.
Urban Resilience through Water Management
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Manage precipitation beyond baseline
Intent
Maintain site water balance, protect water quality,
and reduce negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems, channel
morphology, and dry weather base flow by replicating
natural hydrologic conditions.
Providing retention and treatment for precipitation
on site.
Urban Resilience through Water Management
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Restore aquatic ecosystems
Intent
Support healthy functioning of aquatic ecosystems for
fish, other wildlife, and people
by allowing ecological function, integrity, and resiliency
of those ecosystems that have been degraded, damaged, or
destroyed.
Urban Resilience through Water Management
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Urban Resilience through Water Management
Design functional stormwater features as amenities
Intent
Provide a connection to the local climate and hydrology by
integrating aesthetically pleasing stormwater
features
that are visually and physically accessible and manage on-
site stormwater.
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GI Green Infrastructure
SUDS Sustainable Urban Drainage
Systems
BMPs Best Management Practices
WSUD Water Sensitive Urban Design
LIDS Low Impact Drainage Systems
SQIDs Storm water Quality Improvement
Devices
RG Rain Gardens
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Productive Landscape for Humans
Water Management
Ecological Biodiversity
Water sensitive urban design
Flood water management
Enhancing natural habitat
Habitat creation
Ecological corridor
Constructed wetland
Green beltRain garden
Porous pavements
Riparian zone filter
SUDS
Stream management
Water harvesting
Detention ponds
Transportation network
Green Infrastructure
Identity. knowledge & understanding
Urban agriculture
Spatial and community cohesion
Recreation and public space
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Detention Ponds
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Retention Ponds
• Increasingly stormwater ponds have systems of
retention and detention.
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Bioswales
• Is an element in the landscape designed to
remove silt and pollution from the runoff water
before storing it in a system or releasing it in to
the groundwater table.
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• Filtration is any
operation that separated
solids form fluids by
passing through a
medium that only the
fluid can pass through.
Infiltration vs Filtration
• Infiltration is the
process of which
surface water
enters the soil.
Online Civil Engineering. 2012. Estimation of Infiltration. [ONLINE] Available at: http://civil-online2010.blogspot.co.za/2012/09/estimation-of-infiltration.html/ [Accessed 25 July 2017].River Sands. 2010. Bioretention Systems. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.riversands.com.au/bioretention-system.php/ [Accessed 25 July 2017].
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Rainwater harvesting
• Rainwater Harvesting is collection of rainwater
from hard surfaces. Water is filtrated by plants and
soil before it is then stored in reservoirs or tanks.
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Constructed Wetlands
• Defined as engineered wetlands that utilize natural
processes involving oxygen, wetland vegetation, soils and
their associated microbial organisms to assist in treating
an run-off and storm water.
G-Soil. 2012. Can field wetlands trap eroding agricultural soil?. [ONLINE] Available at: https://gsoil.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/can-field-wetlands-trap-eroding-agricultural-soil/ [Accessed 25 July 2017].
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The area after rehabilitation
was complete. None of the
engineering is visible and the
T. capensis is providing a
variety of functions.
Rehabilitation – Planting Requirements
The area after replanting.
Although some of the plants
were dislodged, they established
in other areas.
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Plant selection
• Growth season of the wetland.
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ZOLA WETLANDS
Soweto
Zola
Wetlands
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ZOLA WETLANDS – filter zone
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ZOLA WETLANDS – erosion protection
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ZOLA WETLANDS – Add of planting
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ZOLA WETLANDS – Planted swale
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ZOLA WETLANDS - Rehabilitated swale
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ZOLA WETLANDS – Swale maintenance
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PATERSON PARK
The site
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Future ablution
buildingpedestrian
bridge
Short
Street Park
Future children’s
Play area
Outdoor
gym Outdoor
gym
Toddler play
area
Monument
area
Celebration
pond
Pathway to
11th Street
master plan
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PATERSON PARK
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PATERSON PARK
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PATERSON PARK
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PATERSON PARK
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FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM
The site
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FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM – before
If streams are not maintained and left to erode during each storm
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EXISTING
STREAMPROPOSED
EXTENTION
FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM
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FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM – construction
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FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM – completion
Single weir example.
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FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM
Stepped weir example
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FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM – completion
Embankment with & without rip-rap.
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23m in width
FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM – completion
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FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM – completion
Stream in flood, flash flood control successful.
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FOURWAYS GARDENS STREAM – completion
Stream after flood, flash flood control successful.
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BRUMA LAKE
The site
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BRUMA LAKE – original
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BRUMA LAKE – before
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BRUMA LAKE – completion
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BRUMA LAKE – construction
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BRUMA LAKE
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BRUMA LAKE – construction of wetland
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BRUMA LAKE – water quality after intervention
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BRUMA LAKE – added recreation value
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Value of Green Infrastructure
• Water purification.
• Green Infrastructure create natural sponge for the water,
storing and slowly releasing the water.
• Allows for groundwater recharge.
• Water moves around the plants, allowing for more suspended
sediment to drop and airation.
• Harmful nutrients are often absorbed by the plant roots and
by the micro-organisms in the soil.
• Heavy metals are locked into soil deposits
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Value of Green Infrastructure
• Water purification.
• Flood protection.
• Slows the water’s momentum and erosive potential.
• Holding excess runoff after a storm, then releasing it
slowly.
• Size, shape, location and soil type determine the capacity.
• Lower flood peaks through delayed release.
• Wetland soils acts like a sponge, holding more water than
any other soil type, but is also less erodible.
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Value of Green Infrastructure
• Water purification.
• Flood protection.
• Shoreline stabilisation.
• Marginal planting help protect the banks from erosive
forces.
• Wetland acts as buffer zone by dissipating the water’s
energy.
• Planting providing stability by binding the soils with their
extensive root system.
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Value of Green Infrastructure
• Water purification.
• Flood protection.
• Shoreline stabilisation.
• Groundwater recharge & stream-flow maintenance.
• Aquifers and groundwater is recharged or replenished.
• Groundwater provides water for drinking etc.
• During periods of drought or low stream-flow, the slow
discharge of groundwater often helps maintain the
minimum water levels.
• Wetlands located near rivers or streams may release
water into these systems.
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Value of Green Infrastructure
• Water purification.
• Flood protection.
• Shoreline stabilisation.
• Groundwater recharge & stream-flow maintenance.
• Provides habitats.
• Wetlands are some the most biologically productive natural
eco-systems.
• Many of species are endangered and rely on wetland habitat
for breeding, foraging and cover.
• These small animals and insects are an essential link in the
greater environment.
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Value of Green Infrastructure
• Water purification.
• Flood protection.
• Shoreline stabilisation.
• Groundwater recharge & stream-flow maintenance.
• Provides habitats.
• Economic Benefits.
• Green Infrastructure provide flood control and water
treatment at a fraction of the cost of conventional
infrastructure and increase land value.
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IMPROVED AMENITY: “Parks working harder”
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