application in construction
DESCRIPTION
Application in Construction. Why automate construction?. Labor efficiency is alarmingly low Skilled workforce is vanishing Work quality is low Control of the construction site is insufficient and difficult Accident rate at construction sites is high (> 400,000 / year in US) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Application in Construction
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Why automate construction?
• Labor efficiency is alarmingly low
• Skilled workforce is vanishing
• Work quality is low
• Control of the construction site is insufficient and difficult
• Accident rate at construction sites is high (> 400,000 / year in US)
• Waste and trims are high (3 To 7 tons per average home; 40% of all materials used
worldwide are for construction)
• Low income housing and emergency shelters are critical
• Construction is the largest sector of almost all economies
• All other products are fabricated automatically – construction is still
largely a manual task
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Construction productivity decline
Labor productivity comparison for non-farm industries and construction industry developed by Paul Teicholz
Construction Productivity index
Non-farm productivity index
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Edison’s concrete houses
$175,000 for molds
More than 2000 pieces
500,000 pounds
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Automated construction in Japan
• 89 single task construction robots
• 11 different automated construction systems
Concrete Surface Treatment Robot
This robot absorbs the water which remains after concrete has been set.
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Big-Canopy high-rise pre-cast concrete construction system. Used to construct the 26 storey pre-cast concrete 30,726m2 Yachiyodai Condominium building in Japan. The system realized a 60% reduction in labor requirements for the frame erection.
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Form work cost structure
Ties
Wales
Studs
Sheathing
Concrete footing
Brace
Reinforcement
53%30%
10% 7% Formwork Labor
Concrete Materials
Formwork Materials
Concrete Labor
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
ICF Homes
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Concrete filling
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Insulation
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Construction by Contour Crafting
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
What constitutes construction cost?
Portion Due to If Automated by CC
20%-25% Financing Short project length and control of
time to market will dramatically reduce this cost
25%-30% Materials Will be a wasteless process
45%-55% Labor Will be significantly reduced
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Cavities made with CC and filled with concrete
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Creating hollow depositions
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Embedding Reinforcement
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
A straight wall builder
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Full scale wall sections
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Conventional and CC forms
Form tie
Concreteform
Tie washer
Sheathing Studs
Wales
Tie rod
Cone Spreader
Tie nut
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Conventional Structure Construction
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Adobe structures – Ageless comfort and beauty
House of Brojerdi Kashan
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Interior of an Adobe house CalEarth Design
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
House made with vaults and domes
Interior of an Adobe house CalEarth Design
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Ingenious methods
Manual construction of adobe form structures using clay bricks (Source: Khalili, 2000)
A vault structure made of clay bricks (Source: Khalili, 2000)
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Free-standing Objects / Industrial parts
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Supportless structures created by CC
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Adobe house Construction
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Extraterrestrial Construction
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Deployable CC
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Lunar Construction
Viterbi School of Engineering .
USC
Road construction