APPLICATION OF HYDROCARBON REFRIGERANT FOR AIR CONDITIONING IN

INDONESIA

A.D. PASEK, A. SUWONO(

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute Technology of Bandung

2

Class 1 Hi ODP CFC’s

Class 2 Lo ODP HCFC’s

Higher GWP� Lower GWP �

-Toxicity Concerns �-Efficiency Concerns �-Cost Concerns �

Fluorocarbons �

Non-Ozone Depleting �(Kyoto Protocol)

“Natural” Refrigerants

-ODP Concerns -GWP Concerns - Flammable �

GWP

ODP

ODP

ODP

ODP

ODP

ODP

ODP

GWP

GWP

GWP

GWP

GWP GWP

GWP

GWP

Ozone Depleting �(Montreal Protocol)

ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS�

PROPANE PROPERTIES

Substance ODP [1] GWP [1] GWP [2]

R-290 0 3.3 3.3

HCFC-22 0.055 1700 1810

Substance NBP, oC Density at 0oC, kg/m3

Latent Heat, at -15oC kJ/kg

R-290 -42.1 523 252.4

HCFC-22 -40.8 1285 108.4

PROPANE PROPERTIES

RETROFIT PROCEDURE

•  Retrofit procedure comply with Indonesia safety standard for flammable refrigerant, and Indonesia MOE regulation

•  The tests were carried out in the existing systems at uncontrolled but relatively similar surrounding conditions

•  The field test measured: –  the electric currents or power to the compressor, –  the evaporator and/or condenser pressure, and –  outlet cool air temperature

•  The measurement were done for HCFC-22 and R-290 refrigerant

•  In a big capacity system compressor oil was change to higher grade (more viscous)

TEST RESULTS – Split AC 2004

Parameter hp 1 2 4

BTU/hr 9000 18000 25500

HCFC-22

Current, A 4.3 7.9 12.2

Peva., psig 70 70 70

Air temperature, oC 13.8 15.9 8.2

R-290

Current, A 3.3 6.5 10.8

Peva., psig 68 65 61

Air temperature, oC 13.0 14.9 7.9

TEST RESULTS – Commercial AC Nov – Dec 2005

Parameter hp 6 10 18 BTU/hr 49000 90000 160200

HCFC-22

Current, A R 7.3 18.8 25.8 S 14.9 26.7 T 15.4 26.6

Pcond., psig 250 250 Peva,, psig 70 60 68 Air temperature, oC 12.8 12.9 17.7 R-290

Current, A R 5.3 16.0 19.1 S 12.3 21.2 T 12.4 23.3

Pcond., psig 195 200 Peva., psig 60 60 62 Air temperature, oC 12.7 10.6 15.2

TEST RESULTS – Chiller 2004

Parameter HCFC-22 R-290

Current, A R 150.9 129.2

S 153.0 131.0

T 152.1 133.7

Outside air temperature, (oC) 36.0 36.1

Suction Pressure, psig 55.0 51.0

Discharge Pressure, psig 290 240

Oil pressure, psig 59 - 63 58 - 61

chilled water (oC) inlet 15.6 15.6

outlet 10.1 9.0

GRAND MELIA HOTEL JAKARTA, 2003

1 2 3

4 5 6

Energy Saving in

Grand Melia Jakarta

Chiller R-22 HCR-22

Date of Observation 25/12/2002 to

27/1/2003

Days 34 days

kWH meter 859.0 781.8 hour meter

Comp. 1 707.0 773.0

Comp. 2 694.8 772.5

Comp. 3 645.4 753.8

Comp. 4 702.9 769.8

Comp. 5 690.2 768.8

Comp. 6 651.9 751.4

Comp. 7 518.7 724.5

Σ running hour 4610.9 5313.8 Average operating hour 19.37 22.32 Operating time of lead comp, h/day 20.79 22.73

Electric Consumption, kW 194.40 161.82 Electric rate difference, kW 32.58

Power saving, kWh 25182.33

Δ kWh x Rp./kWh 11052489.3 Saving in Energy on Januari, Rp 11052489.3

Energy Saving in Grand Melia Jakarta

Data Month, 2003

Jan Feb March April May

KWh Ch. R-22 801,6 1073,2 1518,0 2251,8 2879,1

Ch. HCR-22

875,6 1296,1 2213,6 2800,7 3530,6

Avg. Run Time/day

Ch. R-22 20,8 21,4 10,4 20,4 19,7

Ch. HCR-22

22,7 18,8 17,4 12,4 18,5

Saving, kW 32,58 46,25 38,07 52,94 41,18

Saving, Rupiah 11.051.359 14.572.367 7.888.448 16.253.032 10.415.894

ENERGY SAVING IN GRAND MELIA JAKARTA Month

Sep. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov, 2002 Dec. 2002

Average room occupancy 200 159 126 92

Percentage of room occupancy, (%) 49.14 39.04 30.93 21.77

Function room occupancy, (%) 20.97 22.90 14.19 12.58

Sep. 2003 Oct. 2003 Nov. 2003 Dec. 2003

Average room occupancy 230 254 162 203

Percentage of room occupancy, (%) 62.70 70.23 44.25 53.67

Function room occupancy, (%) 71.94 69.68 41.94 59.68

Raise in Room occupancy 2003, (%) 14.59 59.70 28.75 121.57

Raise in function room occupancy 2003, (%) 50.97 46.77 27.74 47.10

Time Month

Sep. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Electric Energy consumption, kWh 1229960 1296060 1171260 1182420

Sep. 2003 Oct. 2003 Nov. 2003 Dec. 2003 Electric Energy consumption, kWh 1174500 1235880 1119960 1243560

Discrepancy 2003, (%) -4.51 -4.64 -4.38 5.17

CHARACTERSTIC OF R-290/R-134a MIXTURE

•  FLAMMABILITY TEST (ASTM E-681-85)

•  PERFORMANCE TEST

–  560 Watt vapor compression machine

•  TESTED REFRIGERANT

–  R-22

–  R-290

–  Mixture R-290/R-134a

P-x and P- T CURVES OF R-290/R-134a MIXTURE

FLAMMABILITY TEST APPARATUS

FLAMMABILITY TEST RESULT Results of flammability test

Mole Fraction Flammability Limit

R-290 R-134a LFL UFL

1 0 2.09% 9.52%

0.7 0.3 3.31% 11.61%

0.6 0.4 4.00% 12.40%

0.5 0.5 4.42% 13.50%

0.39 0.61 6.31% 15.18%

0.2733 0.7267 8.65% 16.60%

0.2019 0.7981 11.70% 16.80%

0.17 0.83 13.90% 15.67%

LFL = lower flammability limit UFL = upper flammability limit

PERFORMANCE TEST

OPTIMUM REFRIGERAN CHARGE

COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE

INFLUENCE PARAMETERS IN PERFORMANCE

INFLUENCE PARAMETERS IN PERFORMANCE

CHALLENGE •  HC Infrastructure:

–  HC air conditioning manufacturer; –  Safety standards should be update:

•  SNI-06-6500-2000, Refrigeran: Penggunaan pada Instalasi Tetap •  SNI-06-6501.1-2000, Refrigeran Kelompok A3: Keamanan pengisian,

penyimpanan dan transportasi •  SNI –06-6501.2 - 2000, Refrigeran Kelompok A3 Pemakaian pada Mesin Tata

Udara Kendaraan Bermotor

–  Regulation on shipment of flammable refrigerant –  Regulation on application of hydrocarbon in building (insurance

problem) –  Technician training, Hydrocarbon Service Center –  Market education