Application of some biopreparations against fungi of the genus Fusarium producing

mycotoxins in the system of spring barley growing

Dr. Josef Hýsek, Dr. Milan VachResearch Institute of Crop Production

Prague –RuzyněCzech Republic

FOOD MYCOTOXIN RISK

• FOOD CHAIN ELEMENT

• TOXIC PRODUCTS OF THE GENUS FUSARIUM PRODUCE MYCOTOXINS

• MYCOTOXINS – IN CEREALS TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS (DON, NIV, T-2 TOXIN, HT-2 TOXIN, FUS-X- TOXIN), AFLATOXINS, ZEARALENONE

• CANCEROGENIC TOXICITY

FOOD SECURITY

• FOOD WITHOUT MYCOTOXINS

• Hygienical limits (the dose per 1 kg of flour) – different in different world countries but same in EU

• Presence of mycotoxins in the cereal grain

• (barley – beer, wheat – bread, sorghum – bread etc.)

The methods of mycotoxin control

• Toxigenic fungi – the cultivation in different conditions (humidity, temperature) – mycelium + conidia (macro-, microconidia of the genus Fusarium)

• Isolation of mycotoxins from different plant tissues (seed, leaves, roots etc.)-

• Analysis of chromatography

Mycotoxin as biological negative agents

• Experiments with feeding of laboratory animals and the analysis of toxin content in different body organs (liver, kidney etc.)

• Cell cultures from different body organs (animals, men) and their growing with exact level of mycotoxins

Different ways of soil cultivation

• Conventional with ploughing

• Minimum tillage with straw incorporation

• No tillage

• The number of the genus Fusarium and its species in the soil and in the plants

The role of different conditions on mycotoxin levels

• The year – different meteorological conditions

• The pre-crop (maize – most risk, cereals, sugar-beet)

• Fungicides (after azoxystrobin – higher level of some mycotoxins – theory of fungal stress)

The content of mycotoxin DON in spring barley (seed, malt)- pre-crop

maize, 2001

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Jersey Amulet Nordus Scarlett Olbram Kompakt Akcent Forum Tolar

DO

N (u

g/kg

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

gush

ing

(ml)

JEČMEN SLAD GUSHING

2719 ug/kg

The content of mycotoxin DON in spring barley (seed,malt) – pre-crop

maize - 2002

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Jersey Amulet Nordus Prestige Sabel Scarlett Olbram Kompakt Akcent Forum Tolar

DO

N (u

g/kg

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

gush

ing

(ml)

JEČMEN SLAD GUSHING

The infestation of spring barley by different species of the genus

Fusarium

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Infe

sta

tio

n o

f g

rain

Akce

nt

Ko

mp

akt

No

rdu

sA

mu

let

Fo

rum

Olb

ram

To

lar

Akce

nt

Ko

mp

akt

No

rdu

sA

mu

let

Fo

rum

Olb

ram

To

lar

Akce

nt

Ko

mp

akt

No

rdu

sA

mu

let

Fo

rum

Olb

ram

To

lar

cereal sugarbeet maize

Fusarium sp.

F. avenaceum

F.graminearum

F. oxysporum

F. poae

F. tricinctum

F. culmorum

The content of mycotoxins DON, NIV, T-2, HT-2 in spring barley after

pre-crop of sugar beet

Ječmen 2001 / předplodina CUKROVKA / infikované kontroly

NO

RD

US

KO

MP

AK

T

OLB

RA

M

FO

RU

M

987,1

0

100

200

300

400

500

JER

SE

Y

AM

ULE

T

TO

LAR

AK

CE

NT

ug/k

g

NIV DON 15-ADON T-2 tetr. HT-2 tox

The content of mycotoxins DON,NIV, T-2, HT-2 in spring

barley after pre-crop of cereals

Ječmen 2001 / předplodina OBILÍ / infikované kontroly

AK

CE

NT

OLB

RA

M

NO

RD

US

KO

MP

AK

T

0

100

200

300

400

500

JER

SE

Y

AM

ULE

T

FO

RU

M

TO

LAR

ug/k

g

NIV DON 15-ADON T-2 tetr. HT-2 tox

Ječmen 2001 / předplodina KUKUŘICE / infikované kontroly

FO

RU

M

KO

MP

AK

T

NO

RD

US

JER

SE

Y

SC

AR

LET

T

0

200

400

600

800

1000

RU

BÍN

AM

ULE

T

OLB

RA

M

TO

LAR

AK

CE

NT

ug/k

g

NIV DON 15-ADON T-2 tetr. HT-2

The concentration of mycotoxins of DON,NIV, T-2 and HT-2 in spring

barley - pre-crop maize

The level of DON after the treatment with fungicides – pre-

crop maizeFungicidní ošetření - předplodina KUKUŘICE - obsah DON

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

FORUM AMULET TOLAR OLBRAM AKCENT NORDUS KOMPAKT SCARLETT JERSEY RUBÍN

ug/k

g

Atlas+Orius Atlas+Folicur BT+Spartak HF Atlas+Charisma Amistar kontr.infik.

Fungicidní ošetření - předplodina CUKROVKA - obsah DON

158,5

0

100

200

FORUM AMULET TOLAR OLBRAM AKCENT NORDUS KOMPAKT JERSEY

ug/k

g

Atlas+Orius Atlas+Folicur BT+Spartak HF Atlas+Charisma Amistar kontr.infik.

The level of DON after the treatment with fungicides – pre-

crop of sugar-beet

The level of DON after the treatment with fungicides – pre-

crop cerealsFungicidní ošetření - předplodina OBILÍ - obsah DON

449,0 237,6

0

100

200

FORUM AMULET TOLAR OLBRAM AKCENT NORDUS KOMPAKT JERSEY

ug/k

g

Atlas+Orius Atlas+Folicur BT+Spartak HF Atlas+Charisma Amistar kontr.infik.

Biopreparations used for the depression of Fusarium sp.

• Supresivit (based on Trichoderma harzianum)

• Polyversum (based on Pythium oligandrum)

• Ibefungin (based on Bacillus subtilis)

The activity of biopreparations

• Depression of pathogenic or semipathogenic fungi on cereals (Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Typhula incarnata, Septoria spp., Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Bipolaris, Drechslera)

CONCLUSIONS

• Mycotoxins are relatively very danger matters for plants, animals and men.

• Mycotoxins are phytotoxic and they are negative matters for the development of plants (effective for plant stress).

• Mycotoxin caused the beginning of cancer development of tumor´s creation in animals and men.

• Biopreparations can depress pathogenic fungi in the soil and increase the yield of cereals

THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION