application of synthetic seeds - present and the future
DESCRIPTION
The uses for artificial seeds are numerous, including delivery of elite genotypes to the greenhouse or field, delivery of sterile genotypes, and production of hand-pollinated hybrids. Artificial seeds could also be used to deliver beneficial microorganisms, plant growth regulators, nutrients or pesticides.TRANSCRIPT
MM™
Application of
Synthetic Seeds:Present and the Future
Presented byMahathir Mohmed
Ruzanna Abdul RahmanLuvanee Parkianathan
Teh Kit SiangNurul Asyikin Sharuddin
IntroductionWhat is synthetic seeds?
Encapsulated somatic embryos or other plant explants, engineered for use in the commercial propagation of plants
IntroductionExplant of choice
↓Induction of calluses
↓Somatic embryo (SE) induction
↓Proliferation of SE
↓Histodifferentiation and maturation of SE
↓Desiccation-tolerance induction
↓Encapsulation (artificial endosperm) of SE
↓In vitro/field germination
Two types of synthetic seeds: hydrated
(recalcitrant seeds) and desiccated
(orthodox seeds)
It was first discussedby Toshio Murashigein 1977
Propagation
Benefits
Hybrid seeds
Cost effective
Elite genotypes
GE plants/crops
Endangered species
Direct to field
Genetic uniformity
Unrestrictedavailability
Current Application
Synthetic seeds
Conservation
Short/ Mid term
approaches Long term
Min growth medium
Growth retardant
Reduced heat/light
Encapsulation-dehydration
approaches
Current Application
Use of osmoticum
Reduced oxygen
Encapsulation-vitrification
ConservationCurrent Application
Axenic explants: cereals, fruits, medicinal plant studied worldwide
material
merit
necessity
Smaller, easy to handle, providing aseptic environment
Simplify transport across borders, avoiding quarantine and spread of disease
TransportationCurrent Application
Carrier of adjuvantPossible Application
Chemicallyactive
Biologically active
Increase the impact
… provides protection for the explants from pests and diseases
… any compound that is added to herbicide formulation or tank mix to facilitate the mixing, application, or
effectiveness of that herbicide
Large scale monoculturesPossible Application
& mixed-genotype plantation
… more efficient usage of farm machinery for cultivation, sowing, weed control, harvest, and can create economic of scale
The new way of plantation
Synthetic seeds assisting the process
Sustainable plantation
Easy transport of material; crops easy to maintain due to uniformity in genetic constituent
Improve food production and at the same time promoting Earth-friendly plantation
Microencapsulation
Hard coating synthetic seeds
PVC, PVA, bentone
Immediate growth flower seeds
For growthNo fertilizer &
herbicides required
New coating agents
Matrix with essential nutrient
Chemicals thatcontrol release & consumption of nutrient by
explant
Explant will grow
very fast
Possible Application
Recalcitrant explant made
desiccation and temperature tolerant
can be stored in liquid nitrogen tank
Achieving orthodox behaviour
Cryopreservation
… added in the matrix of synseeds
LEA protein
into orthodox
Possible Application
Analytical tools
Somaclonal variation
Seed coat formation
Role of endosperm
Synseeds Synseeds as toolas tool
Possible Application
Effects on dormancy
As food storage
New plant varieties
Conclusion
Content
Further detailed research is needed mainly for improvement in conversion of synthetic seeds and subsequent plant growth in soil and all limitations should be taken into
considerations
Artificial seeds must be competitive with true seed or other propagation systems currently used for a given crop for this
technology to be commercially attractive
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Thank you