Applications of Collected Data Applications of Collected Data from Argos Drifter, NOAA from Argos Drifter, NOAA

Satellite Tracked Buoy Satellite Tracked Buoy in the East Seain the East Sea

YoungYoung--Sang Sang SuhSuh

((yssuh@nfrdi.re.kryssuh@nfrdi.re.kr))

Ocean Research Team, Ocean Research Team, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute,

South KoreaSouth Korea

Study on recurring antiStudy on recurring anti--cyclonic eddies using cyclonic eddies using

satellite tracking driftersatellite tracking drifter, satellite ocean color , satellite ocean color

and sea surface temperature imageryand sea surface temperature imagery

Temporal and spatial variation of the dayTemporal and spatial variation of the day--

night difference in sea surface temperature night difference in sea surface temperature

derived from derived from Argos drifterArgos drifter

Future StudyFuture Study

Outline Outline

Recurring Eddy

in the East Sea

Recurring Eddy

in the East Sea

Ocean CurrentsTs

ushim

a cur

rent

Kuroshio current

Thermal observation Ocean color observation

NOAA

MTSAT

MODIS OCMSeaWiFS

Real time information on SST from NOAA and MTSAT / Ocean Color from SeaWiFS, MODIS and OCM

▣ Acquisition & Interpretation of remote sensing data for SST, ocean color, thermal front, chlorophyll-a, nighttime fishing boat etc. ▣ Service of these data on website

(a) (b)

Surface chlorophyll-a distribution (a)

determined with the SeaWiFS sensor and NOAA AVHRR SST distribution (b)

off the east coast of Korea on Mar. 2, 1998

Fig. . Surface chlorophyll a distribution (a) from SeaWiFS

sensor and NOAA AVHRR SST distribution (b) off the east coast of Korea on April 30, 1999 (Suh

et al., 2000) .

Recurring Eddy

(a) (b)

Fig. . NOAA-14 AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature(SST) structure off the east coast of Korea. A) April 25, 1997. B) November 10, 1997. C) Argos-tracked surface current drifter track for the period September 8(S8) -

November 5 (N5), 1997. The drift track is superimposed on the SST image for October 20, 1997. The warm jet west of the KCCE on October 20, (C) strengthened in late October and eventually surrounded the KCCE by November 11 (B).(symbol ×

represents the center of eddy)

Fig. . The MCSST profile on the a-a'(A) and b-b'(B) line in Fig. A and B.

BA

Recurring AntiRecurring Anti--cyclonic eddy in the East/Japan Seacyclonic eddy in the East/Japan Sea

Fig. . NOAA-14 and NOAA-15 composite SST during 6th May -

9th May in 1999 for the East Sea. The trajectory of the ARGOS-tracked drift buoy is shown during December 9, 1998 -

July 4, 1999 (Suh

et al., 2000) .

Fig. . The tracks of ARGOS drifter during the January 4, 1999 -

March 18, 1999 revealed how the buoy follows the recurring eddy (Suh

et al., 2000).

A B

C D

E F

G H

I J

Velocity of the upward (northward) and downward (southward) movements of the ARGOS buoy in the recurring eddy region

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

a b c d e f g h I j

Type

Vel

ocity

(km

/hr)

Upward direction

Downward direction

Date (month/day)

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

SST

(℃)

a b c d e f g h i j

1/4

-1/2

1

1/21

-1/

27

1/27

-2/

1

2/1

-2/6

2/6

-2/1

2

2/12

-2/

18

2/18

-2/

25

2/25

-3/

4

3/4

-3/1

3

3/13

-3/

18

Date (month/day)

The SST measured by the ARGOS drifter trapped in the recurring eddy off Wonsan bay in the East Sea from January 4 to March 18, 1999

Distribution of SST measured by Argos drifter

off the Wonsan

bay in the East Sea from

January 4 to March 18, 1999

127 128 129 130 131

38

39

40

13.5

N

W E

S

Wonsan

Ulleung Is.

Sokcho

Mukho

Fig. . Comparison between the recurring eddy and the bottom topography near the Wonsan bay of the East Sea. A basin of approximately 1500m depth is centered at 39.25N and 129.25E.

West Sea

South Sea

East Sea

Yellow Sea

South Sea

East Sea

East China Sea

124 125 126 127 128 129 130 13133

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

North Korea

South Korea

Northwesterly Monsoon

Delta Temp. at 20-cm depth

between day and night

Delta Temp. at 20-cm depth

between day and night

128 130 132 134 136 138 140

35

37

39

41

43 Jun. - Aug. Mar. - May

Sep. - Nov.Dec. - Feb.

N

E

KOREA

JAPAN

Fig. . Distribution of the daily position of ARGOS drifter buoys

in the East Sea during 1996 –

1999 (Suh

et al., 2001) .

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Perc

enta

ge (%

)

Delta temperature range (℃)

-2.0 2.0-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

N = 1438

Avg. = 0.20σ

= ±

0.38

Fig. 2-2-2. Frequency distribution of the daily sea surface temperature differencesbetween daytime and nighttime in the East Sea during 1996 - 1999.

Table . Seasonal variation of the difference in sea surface temperature between daytimeand nighttime in the East Sea

SeasonRange (℃)

Spring (Mar. –

May)Summer

(Jun.-

Aug.)Autumn

(Sept.-

Nov.)Winter

(Dec.-

Feb.)

-2.0≤

△t <-1.5 0.18 0.18 0.25 1.10

-1.5≤

△t <-1.0 0.18 0.18 0.51 0.00

-1.0≤

△t <-0.5 0.72 0.54 0.51 2.21

-0.5≤

△t < 0.0 11.75 20.00 7.11 13.81

0.0≤

△t < 0.5 72.51 63.93 78.68 76.24

0.5≤

△t < 1.0 8.86 11.96 8.88 4.42

1.0≤

△t < 1.5 3.25 2.50 2.79 1.10

1.5≤

△t ≤

2.0 2.53 0.71 1.27 1.10

Fig. . Horizontal distribution of SST

differences (△t=Td

-Tn

) from Argos

drifter (a) in summer and (b) in

winter in the East Sea during 1996-

1999 (Suh

et al., 2001) .

128 130 132 134 136 138 140

35

37

39

41

43

0.2

0.1 0.40.3

0

¡ât (d-n) Summer(1996-1999)

N

E

(a)

128 130 132 134 136 138 140

35

37

39

41

43

0.1

0.0

-0.1

¡ât (d-n) Winter(1996-1999)

N

E

(b)

-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.02.5

1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1

(b)

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1

(a)

Date (month/day)

Del

ta T

emp.

(℃)

Del

ta T

emp.

(℃)

Fig. 2-2-4. Distribution of the daily sea surface temperature differences between daytimeand nighttime in the northern(a) and southern(b) part of 38˚N in the East Sea.

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Moving Distance (Km)/half day

Del

ta T

emp.

(℃)

N=1438

Fig. Relationship between the SST differences (△t=Td

- Tn

) and the half-day

moving distance of Argos drifter buoy (Suh

et al., 2001).

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

1/1 1/31 3/1 3/31 4/30 5/30 6/29 7/29 8/28 9/27 10/27 11/26 12/26

Date (month/day)

N = 1438

Del

ta T

emp.

(℃)

Fig. . Seasonal variation of the differences in sea surface temperaturebetween daytime and nighttime from Argos drifter in the EastSea during 1996-1999.

Future StudyFuture Study

Identifying migration routes of pelagic fishes

Jack mackerel

Anchovy

Pacific saury

Major Currents around the Korean Peninsula

Scientific Targets

In summer, propagation of low salinity water mass and giant jellyfish

Extension of red tide

√

Transport of giant jellyfishes originated from the East China Sea

√Propagation of low salinity water mass discharged from Yangtze River in summer

√Outbreak of harmful algal bloom (HAB) that occurs and extended along the coastline every summer.

√

For better prediction the behavior of low salinity water mass, giant jellyfish and HAB, high-frequency monitoring in the South Sea of Korea is required.

Deployed surface tracking buoy and ARGO buoy

Ongoing Oceanographic research related with Climate Change at NFRDI

120 122 124 126 128 130 132 13425

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

7/20

8/208/31

9/10

9/30

10/5

10/10

10/15

10/20

10/25

10/31

11/9

31.00

31.3231.40

31.42

31.47

32.67

32.79

29.24

33.88

33.87

33.92

30.38

7/20

7/25

8/25

9/25

10/1

10/5

10/10

10/15

10/20

11/9

28.97

29.15

31.38

33.72

34.06

34.11

34.16

34.19

34.21

34.28

8/5

8/10

8/31

9/15

10/5

10/10

10/1510/20

10/25

11/1

11/9

31.34

31.25

32.96

33.04

33.52

33.24

33.0233.39

33.31

33.19

33.20

9/5

9/129/23

10/1

30.65

32.1631.72

33.50

7/16

7/20

7/25

29.76

29.42

30.38

9/99/15

9/2131.18

31.1631.36

9/39/7

31.6031.58

(A)

(B)

(D)

(G)

(F)

(C)

(E)

8/127.12

Mechanism of cold-water occurrences in

the eastern coast of

the Korean Peninsula during summer

Fig. . Distribution of cold water temperature derived from NOAA satellite (Suh

et al., 2001).

Fig. . Trajectory of the ARGOS drifters along the southeastern coast of Korea during Dec. 9-14, 1998 and Sept. 8-11, 1999 (Suh

et al., 2001).

Hf+

=Φζ

= Constant

Φ

: Potential vorticity

ζ

: Relative vorticity

f : Coriolis

parameter (2Ωsinø)

H : Height of water column (m)

)( yuxv ∂∂−∂∂

Calibration and Validation

of Satellite Data

Fig. 2-2-9. Scatter plot and correlation equation between temerature from ARGOS drifter buoy (ID : 17779) and sea surface temperaturefrom NOAA-14 satellite at daytime(a) and nighttime(b) forDecember 9, 1998 - March 30, 1999.

y = 2.4373x0.7039

R2 = 0.88355

10

15

20

0 5 10 15 20

Satellite Daytime Temp.

Bouy

Day

time

Tem

p. (℃

)

y = 2.8123x0.6589

R2 = 0.84845

10

15

20

0 5 10 15 20

Satellite Nighttime Temp.

Bouy

Nigh

ttim

e Te

mp.

(℃)

(b)

(a) n=41

n=48

Existing Korean infrastructure for Deploying

Satellite -Tracking Drifters in the Future

NFRDI’s Ocean Observations System

120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

107106105

104

103102

205204203

307

308

309

310

311

312

313314

315

316

317

E

N

206

207

209

208

KOREA

JAPAN

CHIN

A

Oceanographic Observation 200 pointsEnvironmental Observation 296 pointsHarmful Algal Bloom Observation 160 points

Korean Fishing activities in the World Ocean

♦ NFRDI controls ca. 400 long-distance Korean fishing vessels

♦ We can deploy drifters from the vessels

Tuna purse seine Tuna longline

Squid Jigging Trawl Saury

Stick-held dip net New fishing ground

ReferenceReference

Suh

Y. S., L. H. Jang and J. H. Kim, 2000. Study of a recurring anticyclonic

eddy

off Wonsan coast in northern Korea using satellite tracking drifter, satellite

ocean color and sea surface temperature imagery. J. Korean Remote

Sensing, 16(3):211-220.

Suh

Y. S., L. H. Jang and D. K. Lee, 2001. Temporal and spatial variation of the

sea surface temperature differences derived from Argos drifter between

daytime and nighttime in the Whole East Sea. J. Korean Remote Sensing,

17(3):219-230.

Suh

Y. S. and J. D. Hwang, 2005. Study on the cold mass occurrence in the

eastern coast of the Korean peninsula in summer. Journal of the

Environmental Sciences, 14(10):945-953.

Thank you very much Thank you very much

for your attention! for your attention!