APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGYVOLUME 55 DECEMBER 1989 NUMBER 12

Lars G. Ljungdahl, Editor in Chief (1990,University of GeorgiaAthensRobert A. Bender, Editor (1992)University of MichiganAnn ArborRonald L. Crawford, Editor (1992)University ofIdahoMoscow

Jane Gibson, Editor (1994)Cornell UniversityIthaca, N.Y.Robert B. Hespell, Editor (1990)Northern Regional Research CenterAgricultural Research ServicePeoria, Ill.

Robert J. Maier, Editor (1990)The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, Md.Kenneth W. Nickerson, Editor

(1992)University of NebraskaLincolnRobert P. Williams, Editor (1990)Baylor College of MedicineHouston, Tex.

EDITORIAL BOARDDonald G. Ahearn (1990)Danny E. Akin (1989)Jan R. Andreesen (1991)Robert E. Andrews (1991)David R. Benson (1989)Claire M. Berg (1991)Kostia Bergman (1990)Robert Blanchette (1989)Hans Blaschek (1989)David R. Boone (1990)Peter J. Bottomley (1989)James Brierly (1991)Don K. Button (1989)George M. Carman (1990)Carl Cerniglia (1991)Arun Chatterjee (1989)Everly Conway de Macario

(1991)Donald Cooksey (1991)Maribeth A. Cousin (1989)Donald Crawford (1991)Kurt Dahlberg (1989)Walter Dobrogosz (1989)Harold Drake (1991)Stanley L. Erlandsen (1990)Douglas Eveleigh (1991)Scott Feighner (1991)James G. Ferry (1991)Howard Fields (1990)

Gerald F. Fitzgerald (1991)Madilyn M. Fletcher (1990)Cecil Forsberg (1991)Shelby Freer (1991)Barbel E. Friedrich (1991)William C. Ghiorse (1990)Michael S. Gilmore (1990)D. Jay Grimes (1990)Dennis C. Gross (1991)Charles N. Haas (1990)Barbel Hahn-Hagerdal (1991)Pat B. Hamilton (1989)George Hegeman (1991)Walter Hill (1989)John C. Hoff (1991)Alan Hooper (1990)Christon,J. Hurst (1991)Lonnie 0. Ingram (1989)Thomas W. Jeffries (1991)Anna Johnson-Winegar (1991)David M. Karl (1991)Jeffrey Karns (1991)Gary M. King (1990)Staffan Kjelleberg (1991)Todd R. Klaenhammer (1989)Allan E. Konopka (1991)Roger Korus (1989)Rajiv K. Kulkarni (1991)Cletus Kurtzman (1991)

Thomas Langworthy (1989)Robert A. LaRossa (1991)Donald J. LeBlanc (1990)Jane Leedle (1991)David A. Low (1990)Eugene L. Madsen (1989)George L. Marchin (1990)Edward 0. Mason, Jr. (1990)Thomas L. Mason (1990)Michael McInerney (1989)Aaron L. Mills (1990)David Nagle (1991)Harry D. Nash (1989)Kenneth H. Nealson (1990)Louise Nelson (1989)Walter G. Niehaus, Jr. (1991)Dale Noel (1991)James D. Oliver (1990)Eric Olson (1991)Tairo Oshima (1990)Hans W. Paerl (1990)Samuel A. Palumbo (1991)Bruce Paster (1991)Peter A. Pattee (1990)Ian L. Pepper (1991)James J. Pestka (1989)John Pfeffer (1991)Allen T. Phillips (1989)Wesley 0. Pipes (1989)

Robert Ramaley (1989)John N. Reeve (1990)John L. Richard (1990)Scott R. Rippey (1991)Donald C. Robertson (1990)John P. Rosazza (1991)James B. Russell (1989)Michael Jay Sadowsky (1991)Milton N. Schroth (1991)Peter M. Scott (1990)Barry F. Sheer (1991)C. Jeffrey Smith (1991)Mark D. Sobsey (1990)Jim Spain (1990)Gary Stacey (1991)Lawrence S. Sturman (1989)John Sutherland (1989)Barrie F. Taylor (1991)Richard Unz (1990)Peter Van Berkum (1989)Vincent Varel (1991)Ross A. Virginia (1991)Edward Voss (1990)Richard L. Ward (1991)Carol L. Wells (1991)Bryan A. White (1990)Tit-Yee Wong (1991)A. Aristides Yayanos (1990)Lily Young (1989)

Helen R. Whiteley, Chairman, Publications BoardLinda M. Illig, Managing Editor, Journals John N. Bell, Production Editor

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240), a publication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1325 MassachusettsAve., N.W., Washington, DC 20005, is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowledge,both applied and fundamental, concerning microorganisms. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; reprints areavailable from the editors and the Publications Department. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is published monthly, one volume peryear. The nonmember subscription price is $220 per year; single copies are $30. The member subscription price is $35 (foreign, $61 [air dropshipping]) per year; single copies are $8. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints, defective copies,availability of back issues, and lost or late proofs should be directed to the ASM Publications Department, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.,Washington, DC 20005 (phone: 202-737-3600).

Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3 months after publication ofthe issues; residents of all other countries must submit claims within 6 months of publication of the issues. Claims for issues missing becauseof failure to report an address change or for issues "missing from files" will not be allowed.

Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20005, and at additional mailing offices.POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Applied and Environmental Microbiology, ASM, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington,

DC 20005.Made in the United States of America. Printed on acid-free paper.Copyright © 1989, American Society for Microbiology. El * It t .(I I'IsK <All Rights Reserved.The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the article may be

made for personal use or for personal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the statedper-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale.

Author IndexAbul-Hajj, Yusuf J., 3140Aida, Tokujiro, 3202Aislabie, Jackie, 3247Akino, Toshiro, 3178Ansari, Shamim A., 3113Aristoy, M. C., 3173Arvin, Erik, 3221Atlas, Ronald M., 3247

Bailey, G. W., 3143Barraquio, Wilfredo L., 3197Bastien, C., 3124Beveridge, T. J., 3143Bhowmik, Tarun, 3240Boyle, John A., 3253Brusseau, Gregory A., 3155

Chapman, P. J., 3085Christensen, Daniel H., 3184Colburn, Karen G., 3072Cseh, Tibor, 3150

Dean, Roger G., 3035DeCicco, B. T., 3231Dehority, Burk A., 3237De Leenheer, A. P., 3065Donaldson, K., 3124

Ferris, F. G., 3143Flemming, C. A., 3143Flors, A., 3173Forsberg, Cecil W., 3039

Gerba, Charles P., 3045, 3189Gibson, David T., 3162Gong, Jianhua, 3039Gonzalez-Candelas, L., 3173Grethlein, Hans E., 3131Gundersen, Anders Torp,

3221

Hald, Benedicte, 3184Hanson, Richard S., 3124,

3155Harada, Ken-Ichi, 3202Harding, Ethelynda E., 3058Harlou, Bj0rn, 3184Hartel, Peter G., 3243Hawari, Jalal, 3150Hoekstra, Wiel, 3250Hofstra, Harm, 3250Holo, Helge, 3119Horikoshi, Koki, 3178Hsu, Wen Hwei, 3167Huis in't Veld, Jos, 3250

Ibrahim, Abdel-Rahim, 3140Imanaka, Tadayuki, 3208Iwahara, Shojiro, 3107

Jenkins, Michael B., 3058Jensen, Bj0rn K., 3221

Kato, Chiaki, 3178Kaysner, Charles A., 3072Keeven, James K., 3231Klein, Shoshana, 3229Knowles, Roger, 3197Konings, Wil N., 3101Krogh, Palle, 3184Kuiper, Arthur, 3214

Laan, Harry, 3101Landeen, Lee K., 3045, 3189Larsen, Charles, 3184LeChevallier, M. W., 3226Leonard, Thomas J., 3095Lewis, Carrie M., 3091Lin, Long Liu, 3167Lovley, Derek R., 3234Lynd, Lee Rybeck, 3131

Machlin, S., 3124Maier, Robert J., 3051Mak, Jeannie L., 3091Marth, Elmer H., 3240Martin, Scott A., 3035Matsuura, Kenji, 3202McFeters, G. A., 3226Mori, Naoyoshi, 3202Mueller, J. G., 3085Mullen, M. D., 3143

Nakamura, Keiko, 3208Nakano, Masayasu, 3202Nakoshi, Masanao, 3107Nelis, H. J., 3065Nes, Ingolf F., 3119Novak, Patricia D., 3051

Ohtake, Akio, 3202

Pedersen, E. Jonas, 3184Phillips, Elizabeth J. P., 3234Polaina, J., 3173Postma, Erik, 3214Pritchard, P. H., 3085Pyle, B. H., 3226

Reid, William S., 3253Richardson, A. J., 3080Riley, Kelley R., 3189Rose, Joan B., 3189Rothenburger, Stephen, 3247

Samson, Rejean, 3150Sanschagrin, Sylvie, 3150Sattar, Syed A., 3113Scheffers, W. Alexander, 3214Schell, Mark A., 3243Shirai, Makoto, 3202Signer, Ethan R., 3229

Spierings, Gonnie, 3250Springthorpe, V. Susan, 3113Stewart, C. S., 3080Stott, Robert F., 3072Suzuki, Makoto, 3202

Takegawa, Kaoru, 3107Tamplin, Mark L., 3072Thrane, Ulf, 3184Tirabasso, Patricia A., 3237Tochikura, Tatsurokuro, 3107Tomasouw, W. Frangois, 3214Tommassen, Jan, 3250Tostowaryk, Walter, 3113Tsien, Hsien-Chyang, 3155

Van Dijken, Johannes P., 3214Varel, V. H., 3080Virginia, Ross A., 3058Volk, Thomas J., 3095

Wackett, Lawrence P., 3155,3162

Waldon, Hollis B., 3058Wang, Tsung Tsan, 3167Watters, S. K., 3226Wekell, Marleen M., 3072Wells, George A., 3113Williams, Myron N. V., 3229Wolf, D. C., 3143Wolkin, Richard H., 3131

Yahya, Moyasar T., 3045Yamamoto, Kenji, 3107Yeung, Kam-Ha Anna, 3243

Zhang, Y., 3124Zylstra, Gerben J., 3162

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The following served as invited special reviewers for the journal during 1989, and their help is greatly appreciated.

Henry C. AldrichMichael F. AllenMilton J. AllisonN. P. Ames-GottfredAnne AndersonJohn ArmstrongRonald AtlasTamar BarkayLarry L. BartonTom BauchopShawn BeatyRobert BeckerSteven BeerEdward BellionJoan W. BennettMarian N. BeremandRodney BergR. Howard BergMerlin S. BergdollDeepak BhatnagarCarol A. BilinskiLinda F. BissonPaul BodaPaul L. BolenIan BoothG. B. BorglumRobert E. BrackettJohn A. BreznakLee A. Bulla, Jr.John A. BumpusH. D. BurgesE. Canale-ParolaL. E. Casida, Jr.Antonio CassoneA. M. ChakrabartyA. K. CharnleyKing-Thom ChungJill ClarridgeAlan CollmerTyrell ConwayJoseph CooneyDavid CoplinMichael A. CottaGraham A. CoucheMichael CoughlanC. J. CoulsonElizabeth CraigPerry CreganJohn H. CroweStephen M. CuskyRobert E. DavidPatrick J. DavisKarl A. DawsonFrank DazzoDonald Dean

Burk A. DehorityRobert DetroyStephanie DooresEdward DoughertyJohannis A. DuineThomas W. EgliGerald ElkanDavid J. EllarBert ElyDavid EmerichBurt D. EnsleyKarl-Erik ErikssonMartin S. FaveroBrian A. FedericiJohn FellmanLajos FerenczySue FisherG. H. FleetThomas D. FoxDavid FriedmanMelvin S. FullerR. Clinton FullerG. M. GaddMichael 0. GarrawayWendell GaugerCynthia Gawron-BurkeG. G. GeeseyFred GenthnerCosta P. GeorgopoulosPhillip GerhardtStephen J. GiovannoniAlfred GoldbergRobert D. GoldmanGeoffrey L. GordonGerhard GottschalkE. P. GreenbergJames B. GuckertJ. B. W. HammondJo HandelsmanRichard HansonSusan HarlanderPaul HartmanPhilip HartmanRobert HaselkornRobert HausingerKevin HazenCharles HillIrvin N. HirshfieldMichael HollandT. R. HopkinsJames HopperRonald E. HurlbertRobert W. HutkinsPhillip B. HylemonMichael A. Innis

W. Ben IturrianHolger W. JannaschB. D. W. JarvisGarth JonesElliott JuniEva R. KashketN. KatoNoel KeenScott KelloggHarold KeyserRalph E. KiankeeT. Kent KirkGary KleckaHans-Joachim KnackmussRoger KnowlesLinda KohnPaul E. KolenbranderR. E. KoskeSue KotarskiLee KroosM. LalondeJohn M. LarkinRichard G. LawtonRaquel LeGuerosJohn LeslieT. G. LessieJ. Ralph LichtenfelsMary E. LidstromJames LigonEivind B. LillehojSteven LindowLeonard LionJoseph LovettDerek LovleySusan E. LoweBarbara M. LundPeter LuthyAnthony MacalusoRoderick I. MackieJoan MacyNancy MagillJohn C. MakemsonColin ManoilJohn MarkwellJulius MarmurMichael M. MartinScott MartinAnne MatthyseeJames R. MattoonFrank MayerMollie E. McBrideRonald N. McElhaneyWilliam H. McGaugheyRichard MeagherJohn Meeks

Brian MelinThoyd MeltonOrtwin MeyerPhilip G. MilesTerry L. MillerC. J. MirochaRaj S. MitraSimon MoleRichard MoritaMatthew MorraAndrew J. MortDouglas 0. MountfortGanapathy MuthukumarD. D. MyroldFrederick NeidhardtSaul L. NeidlemanJohn B. NeilandsHiroshi NikaidoDonald NussFergal O'GaraBetty OlsenKirk O'ReillyRonald OremlandCindy OrserDale L. OxenderAlan PaauWilliam PageJohn H. PaulWilliam J. PayneJohn F. PeberdyHarry D. Peck, Jr.Jerome J. PerryMary Ann PfannenstielW. F. PfenderRonald D. PlattnerBarry PoliskyWalter C. ProzialeckS. G. PueppkeV. PuvanesarajahBruce RamsayGerald ReedRob RobsonReinhardt RossonNed RubyV. E. A. RussoIsabel Sa-CorreiaAbigail SalyersDwayne C. SavageGary SaylerRichar SayreMark SchellEdwin SchmidtEduardo SchroederRobert D. SchwartzRamon Seidler

Peter SetlowOdette ShotwellRobert G. ShulmanJon SmitRobert A. SmithKemet SpenceJ. F. T. SpencerMichael E. StackRobert J. StackDavid A. StahlJohn SteiertNat SternbergGuenther StotzkyKevin StruhlYoshitsugu SugiuraPatrick A. SullivanAnne SummersBarbara TallerMichael TanseyJoseph TerraccianoJoel B. ThompsonJames TiedjeMing TienKenneth TimmisDonald J. TipperPaul TomasekEd ToppJohn TorreyLeroy TownsendJohn J. TudorRaymond E. TullyOlli TuovinenY. UenoHugo Vanden BosscheJ. P. Van DijkenRonald F. VesonderThomas WacekJudy WallJohn D. WeetePaul J. WeimerKen WestlakeDavid WhitePeter J. WhiteTerry WhiteheadWilliam B. WhitmanDonald T. WicklowReed WicknerJuergen WiegelDavid WilcoxPeter WilliamsMeyer J. WolinA. G. WollumMerle G. WovchaDonald ZakJ. Gregory ZeikusStephen ZinderDavid Zuberer

U.S. Postal Service

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATIONRequired by 39 U.S. C. 3685)

1A. Title of Publication 1B. PUBLICATION NO. 2. Date of Filing

Applied and Environmental Microbiology 9 October 19893. Frequency of Issue 3A. No. of Issues Published 3B. Annuil Subscription Price

Annually

Monthly 12 $39 mbr, $220 nonmbr4. Complete Mailing Address of Known Office of Publication (Street, City, County, State and ZIP+4 Code) (Not printers)

American Society for Microbiology1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005

5. Complete Mailing Address of the Headquarters of General Business Offices of the Publisher (Not printer)

(same as above)6. Full Names and Complete Mailing Address of Publisher, Editor, and Managing Editor (This ifem MUST NOT be blank)Publisher (Name and Complete Mailing Address)

(same as above)Editor (Name and Complete Mailing Address)

Lars G. Ljungdahl (same as above)Managing Editor (Name and Complete Mailing Address)

Walter G. Peter III (same as above)7. Owner (if owned by a corporation, its name and address must be stated and also immediately thereunder the names and addresses of stockholders owning or holding

I percent or more of total amount of stock. If nor owned by a corporation, the names and addresses of the individual owners must be given. If owned by a partnershipor other unincorporated firm, its nasme and address, as well as that of each individual must be given. If the publication is published by a nonprofit organization, itsname and address must be stated.) (Item must be completed.)

Full Name Complete Mailing Address

American Society for Microbiology 1325 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.Washington. DC 20005

_________________________________________________________________________

8. Known Bondholders, Mortgagees, and Other Security Holders Owning or Holding 1 Percent or More of Total Amount of Bonds, Mortgages or OtherSecurities (Ifthere are none, so state)

Full Name Complete MaBing Address

9. For Completion by Nonprofit Organizations Authorized To Mail at Special Rates (DMM Secrion 423.12 only)The purpose, function, and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for Federal income tax purposes (Check one)

1ii 121Has Not Changed During Has Changed During (If changed, publisher must submit explanation ofPreceding 12 Months L.I Preceding 12 Months change with this sratement.)

10. Extent and Nature of Circulation Average No. Copies Each Issue During Actual No. Copies of Single Issue(See instructions on reverse side) Preceding 12 Months Published Nearest to Filing Date

A. Total No. Copies (Net Press Run) 9 530 9,500

B. Paid and/or Requested Circulation1. Sales through dealers and carriers, street vendors and counter sales __ __

2. Mail Subscription(Paid and/or requested) 7, 730 8,646

C. Total Paid and/or Requested Circulation(Sum or 1081 and 1082) 7, 730 8,646

0. Free Distribution by Mail, Carrier or Other Meanssamples, Complimentary, and Other Free Copies 28 28

E. Total Dlstrfbution (Sum of C and D) 7,758 8,674

F. Copies Not Distributed1. Office use, left over, unaccounted, spoiled after printing 1, 172 826

2. Return from News Agents --

G. TOTAL (Sum of E, Fl and 2-should equal net press run shown in A) 9, 530 9,500

11. Signatuy6 Title of_ditor, Publisher, Business Manager, or OwnerI certify that the statements made byme above are correct and complete e

PS ,or 5 , Fe.1B Seisrcioxo e'ce 1

(See instrurtions 'In reverse) I ( J /PS Formb 3628, Feb. 1999

AUTHOR INDEX

VOLUME 55

Aaron, Debra K., 2287Abad, Andre R., 1457, 2293Abbas, Ala, 2030Abbas, Hamed K., 254, 1315Abul-Haij, Yusuf J., 3140Adams, J. C., 29, 33Adcock, Phillip, 2138Adebayo, A., 2407Adhi, Tri P., 1165Adkins, C. R., 86Adriaens, P., 887AhIstrom, Britta, 2681Ahonen, Lasse, 312Ahring, Birgitte K., 514, 1262,

2257Aida, Tokujiro, 2569, 3202Aislabie, Jackie, 3247Akin, D. E., 611, 1066Akino, Toshiro, 3178Alania, Aitor, 1612Albertini, A. M., 446Alexander, David B., 1748Alexander, M. A., 2152Alexander, Martin, 2843Alfano, Edith M., 511Alic, Margaret, 406Allen, Martin J., 1003Allenmark, Stig, 2681Allison, Clive, 672, 2894, 2899Allison, D. G., 1308Allpress, James D., 1258Alterthum, Flavio, 1312, 1943Amador, Jose A., 2843Amako, Kazunobu, 2726Ames-Gottfred, N. P., 707,

1599Amner, Wendy, 2669Amy, Penny S., 788, 1690An, Gil-Hwan, 116Andersen, Kari, 819, 826Anderson, A. J., 2985Anderson, Karen L., 264Anderson, S. M., 1317Ando, Yoshiji, 2172Andreesen, Jan Remmer, 1829Andrews, John H., 2326Angle, J. Scott, 1730, 2101Angsuthanasombat, Chanan,

2428Annadotter, Helene, 2861Ansari, Shamim A., 3113Anzil, Adriana, 2732Aoyama, Kenji, 1653Arad, Shoshana (Malis), 2990Araki, Michio, 645Archer, David B., 440Aristoy, M. C., 3173Armbrust, E. V., 425Armstrong, John L., 2200Arredondo, Renato, 2025Arunakumari, Alahari, 2924Arvin, Erik, 3221Asher, Rodney A., 1016Atlan, Daniele, 1717Atlas, Ronald M., 3247Audet, Pascal, 185Audicana, Ana, 3032Auling, Georg, 1578Averill, Bruce A., 2924Axelrood, Paige E., 934Aziz, K. M. S., 2073

Bacon, C. W., 2745Bae, Kwang-Sung, 2511Baecker, A. A. W., 1178Baer, Shirley H., 2729Bailey, G. W., 2976, 3143Baldwin, Kathleen A., 2702Bales, Roger C., 2061Balkwill, D. L., 1058Ball, A. S., 1642Ballantine, D. L., 137Bancroft, Keith, 507Banerjee, Maitreyee, 1169Barbosa, Maria de F. S., 2877Barbotin, Jean-Noel, 2377Barbour, W. Mark, 813Barc, M. C., 1911Barcina, Isabel, 246Bardales, A. T., 137Bardinelli, T. R., 2793Bar-Gilissen, Marie-Jose B.,

1787Barkay, Tamar, 1196, 1574Barlaz, M. A., 50, 55Barnes, Richard, 1504Barnick, J., 912Barraquio, Wilfredo L., 3197Bartha, R., 269Barton, Larry L., 2511Bartos, Stanislav, 1570Bartsch, Klaus, 711Bastien, C., 3124Bates, D. B., 259Bates, Elizabeth E. M., 2095Battersby, Nigel S., 433Battut, G., 2939Bauchop, Tom, 1630Baumann, Linda, 252Baumann, Paul, 252Bazylinski, Dennis A., 1023,

2832Beattie, Gwyn A., 2755Beaty, P. Shawn, 977Beaulieu, John B., 298Becard, G., 2320Beede, D. K., 259Beeton, Steven, 190Beguin, P., 203, 207Beliveau, Constance M., 1490Belliveau, Brian H., 1649Bencivengo, Marianne M.,

599Bengtsson, Goran, 2861Bennett, George N., 970Benno, Yoshimi, 1100Bentjen, S. A., 198Bentvelsen, Michael M. A.,

219Beppu, Teruhiko, 171Beremand, Marian N., 1500,

2190, 2195Berg, Gerald, 390Berg, Robert K., 617Berlier, Y. M., 2123Bernardet, Jean-Franrois,

1796Berrang, M. E., 2167Berthelet, Marc, 1754Berube, Alain, 1640Betts, W. B., 1642Beuchat, Larry R., 1645,

2167, 3012

Beveridge, T. J., 1249, 2976,3143

Bezdicek, D. F., 109Bhargava, Pushpa M., 767Bhat, R. V., 2619Bhatti, Abdul R., 1301Bhowmik, Tarun, 3240Bifulco, Joseph M., 2214Billingsley, Jean W., 1291Bilous, Doris, 568, 1192Bisaria, V. S., 1044Bisset, Jacqueline, 1230Bisson, Linda F., 159Bissonnette, Gary K., 1298,2214

Bj0rnsen, Peter Koefoed, 1512Blake, C. K., 2648Blanchette, Robert A., 1457,

2293Blanco, Jose L., 1447Blannon, J. C., 912Blaschek, Hans P., 360, 2729Bloem, Jaap, 1787Blondeau, Roland, 1282Bloom, Raanan A., 2155, 2161Bock, E., 2108Bohanon, Michael J., 2702Bokkenheuser, Victor D.,

1203Bollag, Jean-Marc, 66, 733Bongiovanni, Joelle, 2017Bonnemoy, F., 2360Boone, David R., 994, 1735Boos, Winfried, 2414Boquien, C. Y., 2308Borneman, William S., 1066Bothast, R. J., 649Bottomley, Peter J., 959, 2431Botzenhart, Konrad, 2949Boudart, Georges, 1555Bourlioux, P., 1911Bowen, G. D., 1711Bowen, J. D., 425Boyle, John A., 3253Brackett, R. E., 1645, 2167Brand, Bettina, 2414Brandt, Floy H., 1144Brawner, Diane L., 2965Breittmayer, Violette A., 2017Bressler, W. R., 29, 33Brewer, D., 1320Brill, Janine, 335Britz, Trevor J., 1617Brockman, F. J., 109, 1029Brokke, Peter, 2806Bronnenmeier, Karin, 2653Brookes, Allan, 1279Brown, M. R. W., 1308Brown, Philip R., 2635Brown, S. H., 2086Brulla, W. J., 1289Brusseau, Gregory A., 2960,

3155Bryant, Dennis L., 2729Bryant, M. P., 927, 1289Brynhildsen, Lena, 1375Buchanan, Robert L., 599Bull, Alan T., 190Bumpus, John A., 154Bunning, V. Kelly, 1490Bunster, Lillian, 1340

Burand, J. P., 2749Burgstaller, Wolfgang, 1153Burlage, Robert S., 1323Buschhorn, Heike, 1835Busscher, Henk J., 2806Busse, Hans-Jurgen, 1578Busse, Matt D., 2431Bussey, Howard, 2105Butine, Tala J., 1112Buttner, Mark P., 1690

Cabelli, Victor J., 543Cairns, John, Jr., 1477Caldwell, B. A., 1860Calogero, S., 446Cammue, Bruno, 2056Campbell, Elsie Lin, 125Campbell, Warren L., 2275Cannon, Robert E., 1317,

2448Cappenberg, Thomas E., 1787Carlisle, Glenn E., 3026Carlson, Ken, 1279Carmichael, Robert D., 17Carmichael, W. W., 1928,

1990Carney, Brian F., 1037, 1523Carson, Johnny L., 511Casida, L. E., Jr., 1857Cassiday, P. K., 1645Castenholz, Richard W., 261Causey, Stuart C., 2302Cavin, J. F., 751Cazares, Lisa H., 1823Cazin, John, Jr., 1346Cease, Kory R., 2293Cerniglia, Carl E., 1968, 2275Chai, Tuu-jyi, 1877Chakraborty, Trinad, 902Champagne, Claude P., 2488Chand, Tara, 2326Chandhoke, Vikas, 2720Chaney, R. L., 2101Chang, George W., 335Chapatwala, Kirit D., 2267Chapman, Mary A., 1916Chapman, Peter J., 1624, 3085Chapman, T. W., 2152Chaudhry, G. Rasul, 1301Chauvet, Eric, 922Chen, Guangjiong, 1052, 2658Chevalier, J., 2944Childers, Gary W., 507Chisholm, S. W., 425Cho, Ki-Woong, 2601Choi, Joon W., 1761Chopin, Alain, 1769Chopin, Marie-Christine, 1769Chourasia, H. K., 531Chow, Edward, 2779Chowdhury, M. A. R., 2073Christensen, Daniel H., 3184Christensen, Peter Bondo,

1234Christianson, Gerald G., 106Christiansson, Anders, 2595Christie, B. R., 707, 1599Chu, Fun S., 1928Chung, King-Thom, 1329Ciafardini, Gino, 1273Clark, Sandra W., 970

i

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Clarkson, William W., 240Clayton, Murray K., 2755Clem, T. R., 1305Clippe, Andre, 984Cohen, Ephraim, 2990Colburn, Karen G., 3072Cole, Eugene C., 511Cole, Larry, 1223Colepicolo, Pio, 2601Collette, Timothy W., 2545Collins, Anthony G., 240Collins, John K., 1386Colwell, Frederick S., 2420Colwell, Rita R., 548Connell, J. P., 33Conway de Macario, Everly,

1996Cook, Alasdair M., 492Cooper, David G., 584Cormier, Michel, 1040, 2424Covert, Terry C., 2443Cowan, Marjorie M., 2827Cowen, James P., 764Coyne, Mark S., 2924Crang, Richard E., 573Crasnier, Philippe, 2474Crawford, Don L., 1165Crawford, Ronald G., 1490Crawford, Ronald L., 866,

2113Creech, Gregory W., 1808Creekmore, R. William, 1220Cregan, P. B., 2532Cremieux, A., 2944Crissman, John W., 2302Crombez, Dominique, 2056Crouse, John D., 1329Cruden, Diana L., 264, 1414Cseh, Tibor, 3150Culbertson, Charles W., 2333Cunliffe, David A., 2138Cunningham, H. W., 1963Curry, Janis I., 1504Cuskey, Stephen M., 1624

Daae, Frida Lise, 819, 826Dahlem, A. M., 1990Dahling, Daniel R., 503Daly, Charles, 2410Daniel, Geoffrey, 871Daniel, Steven L., 1078Dankert, Jacob, 2806Danso, S. K. A., 1711Dasgupta, C., 2403Dashkevicz, Michael P., 11,

1848Datta-Roy, K., 2403Dave, Prafulla J., 465David, Andrew W., 1823,

1865David, Silke, 1483Davis, C. L., 1267Davis, Lawrence C., 354Davis, Norman D., 1808Dawson, Karl A., 2287Dawson, S., 2141Day, Donal F., 2079Dean, Roger G., 3035Dean-Ross, Deborah, 2002Debacker, Emile, 1519de Beer, Dirk, 754Debette, Jacqueline, 233de Bont, J. A. M., 2850

DeCicco, B. T., 3231DeFlaun, Mary F., 1823Dehority, Burk A., 148, 1766,

2247, 2789, 3237Deinema, Maria H., 219de la Fuente, G., 1660De la Rosa, Miguel A., 483Del Corral, Fernando, 599De Leenheer, A. P., 2505,

3065de Leeuw, Olav, 1949Delorme, Evelyne, 2242Denham, S. C., 259Denholm, Anna M., 212Denovan, B. A., 1029Deobagkar, D. N., 2675deRegnier, Daniel P., 1223Derrien, A., 2424Des Jardin, Elizabeth, 747de Vos, Willem M., 1483Dhaese, Patrick, 2130Dhanoa, Mewa S., 1363Dickman, D. G., 29, 33Dickson, James S., 832, 1329Dilworth, Michael J., 1870Ditner, Sandra A., 529Divies, C., 751Dockendorff, Thomas C., 1286Dodds, Karen L., 656Dodds, Walter K., 882Does, Amy L., 159Doi, Yoshiharu, 2932Dombek, K. M., 1312Dominguez, Juan B., 1612Dominguez, Lucas, 1447Donaldson, K., 3124Donnelly, Catherine W., 1490Dore, J., 927Dougherty, E. M., 1049Dowell, V. R., Jr., 1203Doyle, Michael P., 1565, 2226Doyon, Gilles, 2488Drake, Harold L., 1078Dufrenne, John, 902Dughri, Muktar H., 959Duine, J. A., 1209Dungan, Christopher F., 1128Dunn, Michael F., 579Dunn, Paul H., 412Durall, Daniel M., 412Durre, Peter, 1835Dutkiewicz, Jacek, 1093

Edberg, Stephen C., 380, 1003Edebo, Lars, 2681Edebo, Margareta, 2681Edelman, Alex, 2739Edenharder, Rudolf, 1656Edwards, Clive, 2030, 2669Egea, L., 246Eggeling, Lothar, 684Eggink, Gerrit, 1949Eirich, L. Dudley, 856El-Banna, Tarek, 1578Elkan, Gerald H., 813Elkinton, J. S., 2749Ellenbroek, Frank M., 1787Elliott, Laura M., 1504Ellis, Jayne E., 2583Els, H. J., 1178Elston, Ralph A., 1128Emerich, David W., 165Endo, Kimiko, 1100

Enger, 0ivind, 2815Eriksson, Karl-Erik, 2391Erlandsen, Stanley L., 1223Evans, D. J., 1308Evans, Frederick E., 2275Evers, David P., 2592Ewers, Jens, 2904Eyles, Michael J., 3012Eyman, Craig M., 2592Eyssen, H., 2954

Falc6n, M. A., 1660Falkinham, Joseph O., III,

3026Falsen, Enevold, 2681Faming, Dong, 2726Farrell, R. L., 1457Fass, R., 1305Fateley, W. G., 354Fauque, G., 2123Faust, U., 1801Federle, Thomas W., 2092Feighner, Scott D., 11, 1848Feijen, Jan, 2806Fekete, Frank A., 298, 2720Fenn, Mark E., 412Ferber, Donna M., 2550Fermnndez-Castillo, R., 2385Ferris, F. G., 1249, 2976, 3143Fett, William F., 579Fiksdal, L., 2424Filner, Philip, 1279Findlay, Robert H., 2888Finer, K. R., 1684Finstein, M. S., 1082Fischer, M., 852Fiset, Gisele, 2453Fisher, William S., 2882Flamm, Robert K., 2251Flehmig, Bertram, 2949Flemming, C. A., 2976, 3143Fletcher, Madilyn, 2827Fleurette, J., 2944Fliegrova, Katerina, 1570Fliermans, C. B., 722Flint, Harry J., 1230Flors, A., 3173Focht, Dennis D., 887, 946,

1037Fogher, C., 446Foght, Julia M., 36Fogleman, James C., 100Fokkema, Nyckle J., 1340Folt, Carol L., 78Fonty, G., 2360Forde, Kenneth A., 1026Forney, Larry J., 2550, 2556Forng, E. R., 1317Forsberg, Cecil W., 132, 3039Foster, D. H., 33Foster, Joan L. M., 100Frankenberger, W. T., Jr.,

1406Franzluebbers, Alan J., 617Fredrickson, J. K., 198, 1029,

1058Freedman, David L., 2144Freeman, Christopher, 529Freeman, James P., 2275Freier-Schroder, Doris, 2904Freyberg, Ronald W., 2443Freyer, Alan J., 66Fry, John C., 2627

Fu, Changlin, 2315Fuchs, Radovan, 2856Fujino, Tsuchiyoshi, 2399Fukaya, Masahiro, 171Fulthorpe, Roberta R., 1584Fustec, Eliane, 922Fyfe, W. S., 1249

Gabilondo, Ane, 1612Galizzi, A., 446Galleron, Nathalie, 1769Galli, Rene, 837, 845Garcia, Maria Jose, 539Garcia, Minviluz, 454Gardner, Nancy, 2488Gas, Gilbert, 922Gauthier, Michel J., 2017Geis, Arnold, 1187Geldreich, Edwin E., 907, 912Gelinas, Pierre, 2453Gellin, Gloria, 2287Genthner, Barbara R. Sharak,

1466, 1472Gerba, Charles P., 2061, 3045,

3189Gerencser, Vincent F., 1093Gervais, P., 2939Gest, Howard, 639Ghose, A. C., 2403Ghose, T. K., 1044Ghoul, Mostefa, 1040Gibbs, Bernard F., 3016Gibson, David T., 2648, 3162Gibson, Stewart A. W., 679Gilbert, Harry J., 2095Gilbert, P., 1308Gilkes, N. R., 2480Gill, Sarjeet S., 2779Gilliatt, E., 2141Gillman, Mark, 1196, 1574Girard, H., 203, 207Glass, Kathleen A., 1565,

2226Glenn, Andrew R., 1870Gober, James W., 1420Gokce, Noyan, 1023Gokhale, D. V., 2675Goksoyr, Jostein, 2815Gold, Michael H., 406Golden, David A., 3012Gomez-Lucia, Esperanza,

1447Gong, Jianhua, 132, 3039Gonzalez, Juan M., 246Gonzalez-Candelas, L., 3173Goodchild, David J., 2046Gordin, Hillel, 2990Gordon, Geoffrey L. R., 1695,

1703Gorris, Maria Teresa, 741Goss, Thomas J., 1870Gossett, James M., 2144Gottschalk, Gerhard, 1835Gould, W. D., 2793Goulet, Jacques, 2453Govindarajan, Priya, 465Goyache, Joaquin, 1447Graham, Peter H., 2493Grenet, E., 2360Grethlein, Hans E., 3131Griffiths, R. P., 1860Grifo, A. P., Jr., 2789Gripon, J.-C., 2308

ii AUTHOR INDEX

AUTHOR INDEX iii

Grondin, Gerald H., 2061Grosse, Hans-Helmut, 1009Guerrero, Miguel G., 758Guillem, Jose G., 1026Guinee, Piet, 902Gumpert, Johannes, 1009Gundersen, Anders Torp,

3221Gurujeyalakshmi, G., 500Gutnick, David L., 36

Haas, Charles N., 1934Hadobas, P. A., 1242Hagedorn, C., 2793Haggblom, Max M., 516Hagstrom, Ake, 1400, 1907Hahn-Hagerdal, Barbel, 1549,

1974Haigler, Billy E., 372Haines, John R., 2443Hald, Benedicte, 3184Hallberg, Kevin B., 2717Ham, R. K., 50, 55Hamasaki, Takashi, 2172Hamilton, John T. G., 1981Handelsman, Jo, 2755Handley, P. S., 1308Hansen, Geir H0vik, 1435Hansen, T. A., 965Hanson, Richard S., 2960,

3124, 3155Harada, Ken-Ichi, 3202Hardarson, G., 1711Harding, Ethelynda E., 3058Hardman, John K., 1106Harlander, Susan K., 604,

2344, 2621Harlou, Bj0rn, 3184Harper, David B., 1981Harris, Robin F., 2326Hartel, Peter G., 1291, 3243Hartig, Phillip C., 1916Hartman, Paul A., 229Hartman, Philip E., 7Hartmans, S., 2850Hashiba, Honoo, 1653Hashimoto, Hideo, 559, 1591,

2613Hashimoto, Junji, 2172Hastings, 1. Woodland, 2601Hatch, George G., 1916Hattingh, M. J., 533Hawari, Jalal, 3150Hay, Sally, 679Hayema, Bert Jan, 1187Hayes, J. M., 639Hayes, Roger N., 298Hazen, Terry C., 495, 722Hazlewood, Geoffrey P., 2095Heap, Howard A., 1537Heatherbell, D. A., 2010Heijthuijsen, J. H. F. G., 965Heisick, Judy E., 1925Heitkamp, Michael A., 1968Henick-Kling, T., 2010Hensley, V., 137Henson, Joan M., 284Herbold, Karen, 2949Hernando, Fernando, 1612Herwig, Russell P., 1033Hespell, Robert B., 306, 893,2089

Heuvelman, Kees J., 902

Hiatt, Hermi D., 788Hicks, R. J., 1029Higson, Frank K., 946Hill, Colin, 1684, 2416Hinkel, Ilme, 2068Hinrichs, David J., 2251Hinton, D. M., 2745Hiraishi, Akira, 897Hirano, Susan S., 623Ho, Christopher, 1147Hodson, Robert E., 2178Hoekstra, Wiel, 3250Hoff, Kjell Arne, 819, 826,

1775Hofstra, Harm, 3250Hogan, J. A., 1082Hohn, Thomas M., 1500Hoitink, H. A. J., 1368Holben, William E., 3022Hollibaugh, James T., 2333Hollocher, Thomas C., 1023Holo, Helge, 3119Holt, Scott M., 229Hooper, Scott W., 1286, 1323Horikoshi, Koki, 3178Horng, Jason S., 2561Horsted, Steen Jesper, 1512Householder, Steven R., 2723,

2960Howard, Jerome J., 1346Howmiller, Richard P., 78Hsu, Tsungda, 1078Hsu, Wen Hwei, 3167Huang, Xuan, 1928Huckle, James, 2095Hudman, J. Frank, 1630Hughey, Virginia L., 631Huis in't Veld, Jos, 3250Huisman, Gjalt W., 1949Hult, Karl, 2856Hurlbert, Iris M., 806Hurlbert, Ronald E., 806,

1136Husevag, Bente, 2815Hutcheson, Steven W., 1724

Ibrahim, Abdel-Rahim, 3140Idziak, Edmund S., 1531Imanaka, Tadayuki, 3208Ingledew, W. M., 1560Ingram, L. O., 306, 1312, 1943Irgens, Roar L., 1033Iriberri, Juan, 246Irie, Yasuo, 419Ironside, K., 722Ishii, Satoshi, 1653Ivins, Bruce E., 2098Iwahara, Shojiro, 3107

Jackson, Mark A., 649Jain, M. K., 366James, Allen P., 2871, 2877Jamot, J., 2360Janke, Dieter, 516Jannasch, Holger W., 1023,

2832, 2909Jansen, Wim, 902Janssen, Dick B., 2819Janssen, G., 2954Jansson, Janet K., 3022Jarroll, Edward L., 2592Jarvis, Audrey W., 1537Jarvis, B. D. W., 1426

Jarvis, Bruce B., 254Jawson, Michael D., 617Jeffrey, Wade H., 1823Jeffries, T. W., 2152Jelley, Scott A., 294Jellison, Jody, 2720Jenkins, Michael B., 3058Jenneman, Gary E., 2280Jenq, Wheamei, 573Jensen, Bj0rn K., 3221Jensen, Stephen L., 2061Jerez, Carlos A., 2025Ji, Guangyong, 523Jochimsen, Kenneth N., 2635Jofre, J., 2696Johnson, Eric A., 116, 631,

1544, 2579Johnson, Michael G., 2802Johnson, Richard L., 1735Johnson, Russell C., 1921Joliff, Gwennael, 2739Jonas, Robert B., 43Jones, J. Gwynfryn, 771, 2537Jones, Susan E., 529Joos, Henk, 2130Joosten, H. M. L. J., 2356Jordan, D. C., 707J0rgensen, Kirsten

Schannong, 1841Joset, Frangoise, 1452Juhnke, M. Elliott, 747

Kalff, Jacob, 1214Kamei, Toshio, 1351Kamimura, Kazuo, 645Kanagawa, Takahiro, 555Karlson, U., 1406Karns, Jeffrey S., 289Kashket, Eva R., 1420Kaspar, Charles W., 229Kato, Chiaki, 3178Kato, Nobuo, 275, 478Katsuta, Yumiko, 1351Katsuwon, J., 2985Kawaguchi, Yasushi, 2932Kawakami, Hideyuki, 2613Kawamura, Yoshiya, 171Kawanishi, Clinton Y., 1916Kaysner, Charles A., 3072Keating, S. T., 2749Keeven, James K., 3231Keister, Donald L., 1852Kelly, Martin P., 2717Kelly, R. M., 2086Kennedy, James T., 1981Kerouault, Brigitte, 1796Keyser, H. H., 2532Khadikar, P. V., 1955Khan, A., 798Khandekar, Sanjay S., 856Kiene, Ronald P., 994Kiiyukia, Ciira, 2613Kilburn, D. G., 2480Killham, Kenneth, 1635Kim, Augustine Y., 360Kim, Choong-Hyun, 1852Kim, Jaeyoung, 1638Kim, Jinwon, 2349King, Gary M., 2888Kirchhoff, H., 852Kirkpatrick, Neil, 1147Kirschner, L. M., 1178Kitamura, Hiroshi, 897

Kiviranta, J., 1990Klaenhammer, Todd R., 1684,

2206, 2416Kleeman, E. G., 2206Klein, Shoshana, 3229Klessen, Christian, 1009Klier, Andre, 2739Klieve, Athol V., 1630Klotz, Stephen A., 2119Knackmuss, Hans-Joachim,2904

Knight, Deborah, 385Knight, Ivor T., 548Knosp, Olga, 1334Knowles, Roger, 2315, 3197Knudsen, Guy R., 2641Kobayashi, Katsunori, 419Koenig, David W., 2079Koenig, Kerstin, 1829Kohashi, Osamu, 2726Kohler, H.-P. E., 887Kohler-Staub, D., 887Kohring, Gert-Wieland, 348,

2735Kok, Jan, 224, 394, 1187Kommedahl, Thor, 254Komori, Kohya, 1665Komori, Toyosuke, 1100Konings, Wil N., 3101Konisky, Jordan, 1295Kononen, K., 1990Konopka, Allan, 385Koohmaraie, Mohammad, 832Kopecky, Karl, 2607Kornegay, Janet R., 406Korner, Heinz, 1670Korus, Roger A., 1165Krebs, B., 852Krecek, R. C., 1178Krieg, E., 2108Krockel, Lothar, 1037Krogh, Palle, 3184Kroll, Rohan G., 778Kubicek, C. P., 2877Kuhn, Elmar P., 590Kuiper, Arthur, 3214Kunioka, Masao, 2932Kunz, Daniel A., 256

Laan, Harry, 3101Lacroix, Christophe, 185Lacy, George H., 1477Ladha, J. K., 454, 2407Laird, Gwen A., 106Laloi, Patrick, 1717Land, Carl Johan, 2856Landeen, Lee K., 3045, 3189Langlois, Bruce E., 2287Lanzi, Richard A., 298Larsen, Charles, 3184Laurie, Judith I., 2095Law, Ian J., 3000Leary, John V., 1037, 1523Leathers, Timothy D., 1457,

2293Lechevalier, Mary P., 2161LeChevallier, M. W., 3226LeDuy, Anh, 2453Lee, Hung, 2877Lee, Robert G., 639Lee, S. H. S., 2141Leedle, Jane A. Z., 1112Leenhouts, Kees J., 394

VOL. 55, 1989

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

LeGall, J., 2123Leimeister-Wachter,

Michaela, 902Leisinger, Thomas, 492Lemke, Paul A., 1808Leonard, Thomas J., 3095Lepo, Joe Eugene, 666Lespinat, P. A., 2123Lewis, Carrie M., 3091Li, S. W., 198Liang, Sun, 2230Liao, Ching-Hsing, 1677Liaw, Hungming J., 2220Liebert, Cynthia, 1196, 1574Lighthart, Bruce, 2349Lim, Woon Ki, 1106Limsowtin, Gaetan K.Y.,

1537Lin, J., 751Lin, Long Liu, 3167Linder, Katherine, 2837Lindstrom, E. Brje, 3020Ling, John R., 212Lingens, Franz, 2499Linkfield, Timothy G., 2773Lin-Vien, Daimay, 354Linz, John E., 2561Liu, Ruilong, 1895Liu, Shu-Yen, 66, 733Liu, Yitai, 1735Lizama, Hector M., 1117,

2588, 2918Ljungdahl, Lars G., 1066Llama, Maria J., 1612Lloyd, David, 2583Lo, Reggie Y. C., 132Locher, Hans H., 492Lochner, Hester H., 3000Lock, Maurice A., 529Loeb, George I., 2827LoGerfo, Paul, 1026Lohmeier-Vogel, Elke, 1974Lohrke, Scott, 806Lonergan, Debra J., 700Longcope, David C., 298Longin, R., 203Longland, Annette C., 1363L6pez, Maria M., 741Losada, Manuel, 758Lovley, Derek R., 700, 3234Lovrien, Rex E., 2293Low, C., 1368Lowe, Susan E., 1363Lucena, F., 2696Luchansky, J. B., 2206Lucke, Friedrich-Karl, 1901Lum, Rosalind, 335Lundstrom, Hans, 2856Lynd, Lee Rybeck, 3131Lynn, D. E., 1049Lyon, C. E., 611Lytle, M. S., 29, 33

Maas, Henny, 902Maas, M. R., 2226Mabbott, Gary A., 298Macario, Alberto J. L., 1996Macfarlane, George T., 672,

679, 2894, 2899Machlin, S., 3124MacKenzie, C. Roger, 568,

1192Mackenzie, Kylie F., 306

Mackie, R. I., 1178MacLeod, Robert A., 1754Maczulak, Anne E., 2468Madigan, Michael T., 639Maest, Ann S., 2333Mah, Robert A., 514, 1262,

2257Mahillon, Jacques, 2130Mahmourides, G., 2871Mahoney, David F., 1507Mahony, D. E., 2141Maier, Robert J., 1157, 3051Mak, Jeannie L., 3091Maleszka, R., 2871Malet-Martino, Marie C., 2474Malke, Horst, 1009Mallonee, Darrell H., 2517Mann, Stephen P., 2095Mansvelt, E. Lucienne, 533Maoyu, Yang, 2082Mara, D. D., 401Marijanovic, D. R., 2745Markovetz, A. J., 264, 1414Marks, Trevor S., 1258Marotta, Bruna, 1273Marounek, Milan, 1570Marquez, M. C., 2385Marshall, Pamela A., 2827Marth, Elmer H., 3240Martin, Phyllis A. W., 2437Martin, Scott A., 3035Martino, Robert, 2474Marzari, R., 446Masamune, Kiyoshi, 897Masschelein, Willy J., 1519Mathrani, Indra, 994Matsuda, Haruo, 2613Matsuda, Osamu, 559Matsuura, Kenji, 3202Mattsby-Baltzer, Inger, 2681Matumaru, Katsumi, 2569Maule, Andrew, 1258May, John J., 1093Mazas, Elvira Ares, 1519McCarthy, Alan J., 1642, 2669McCarty, Perry L., 837, 845McClintock, J. T., 1049McClure, Nicholas C., 2627McCormick, Susan P., 2195McDermott, Timothy R., 2493McFarlan, Clair, 672, 679McFeters, G. A., 3226McGuire, Michael J., 2230Mclnemey, Michael J., 977,

2280McIntyre, Deborah A., 604,

2621McKain, Nest, 2372McKay, Larry L., 2410, 2702McKenney, D. S., 1684McNally, Kieran J., 1981McPherson, Carol A., 1230McReynolds, Larry A., 2522Meeks, John C., 125Meincke, M., 2108Menkel, Elke, 684Merckx, R., 2954Metler, P., 722Michiels, Frank, 2130Michiels, Kris, 2056Michielsen, Annie, 2056Migas, John, 264Mikami, Eiichi, 555

Miller, Celia, 2046Miller, F. C., 1082Miller, Laurence G., 2333Miller, R. C., Jr., 2480Miller, R. M., 269Miller, Terry L., 2468Millet, J., 203, 207Mills, Aaron L., 2002Min, Hang, 488Mir6, Marcela, 741Mirocha, Chester J., 254, 794,

1315, 1955Mitsuoka, Tomotari, 1100Miyan, S., 454Miyoshi, S., 2073Mizumori, Shigeyuki, 478Mizutani, Takeo, 1100Moillo-Batt, Agnes, 1040Monnet, V., 2308Montgomery, Stacy O., 1624Montojo, Ana M., 741Moore, Lillian H., 1203Moragues, Maria D., 1612Moran, Mary Ann, 2178Moreton, R. S., 3009Morgan, J. Alun W., 771,

2537Mori, Naoyoshi, 3202Mori, Tsukasa, 1665Morita, Richard Y., 1122,

1860, 2710Moriya, Tetsuhiro, 2726Morotomi, Masami, 1026Morton, Joseph B., 761Moser, B., 2480Mosse, M., 2944Mountfort, Douglas O., 1016Moyer, Craig L., 1122, 1860,

2710Mueller, J. G., 3085Mulbry, Walter W., 289Mullen, M. D., 3143Muller, Rudolf, 2499Mulligan, Catherine N., 3016Mullin, Beth C., 2155Munoz, Eeva, 1560Munro, Patrick M., 2017Murphy, Maeve C., 2410Murray, Robert E., 717Mutai, Masahiko, 1026

Nagappan, Olagappan, 256Nagaraja, T. G., 91Nagashima, Masao, 1351Nagel, Klaus, 526Naidu, A. Satyanarayan, 2595Nakamura, Keiko, 3208Nakamura, Yoshiyuki, 2932Nakano, Hiroyuki, 559, 1591,

2613Nakano, Masayasu, 2569,

3202Nakas, J. P., 177Nakoshi, Masanao, 3107Namba, Yuzaburo, 1100Namdari, Hassan, 543Nanmori, Takashi, 1638Narang, Saran A., 568, 1192National Collaborative Study,The, 1003

Navarro, Isabel M., 1591Navarro, Jose A., 483

Nava Saucedo, JoseEdmundo, 2377

Nawaz, Mohamed S., 2267Nealson, Kenneth H., 2607Nelis, H. J., 2505, 3065Nelson, Douglas C., 2909Nelson, Edward T., 507Nelson, Gene O., 2098Nes, Ingolf F., 3119Neviani, E., 2308Ney, Ulrich, 1996Nielsen, Lars Peter, 1234Nielsen, Torkel Gissel, 1512Niemela, S. I., 1990Nierman, Mark L., 1925Nieto, J. J., 2385Nilsson, Ingrid, 2595Nilsson, Thomas, 871Nipkow, A., 689Nishimura, Hiroshi, 2036Norqvist, Anders, 1400, 1907Norred, W. P., 2745Northolt, M. D., 2356Notermans, Serve, 902Novais, JuLlio M., 21Novak, Patricia D., 1157, 3051Nystrom, Gerald J., 1220

Oda, Yuji, 1495, 1742Ogg, James E., 95Ogilvie, Marvin L., 2460O'Hara, Graham W., 1870Ohashi, Hiroshi, 1351Ohmiya, Kunio, 2399Ohotake, Akio, 2569Ohtake, Akio, 3202Ohtake, Hisao, 1665Okabe, Tadashi, 559Okumura, Hajime, 171Olafsen, Jan A., 1435Oldenhuis, Roelof, 2819Olenchock, Stephen A., 1093Oliver, James D., 2837Olsen, Perry E., 520Olson, R. J., 425Oltmanns, Rudiger H., 2499Onishi, Syuji, 275, 478Oragui, J. I., 401Orden, Jose A., 1447O'Reilly, Kirk T., 866, 2113Oremland, Ronald S., 994,

2333Oriel, P., 500Orvos, David R., 1477Osborne, J. M., 2247Ose, Youki, 2036Osman, Stanley F., 579Otto, Manfred K., 2499Ouchi, Kozo, 1495, 1742

Paau, Alan S., 862Pace, John, 1877Padre, Agnes T., 454Paerl, Hans W., 2965Page, William J., 1334, 1811Paice, Michael G., 1147Pajeau, Mark, 2572Panda, T., 1044Panoff, Jean-Michel, 1452Panyim, Sakol, 2428Papen, Hans, 2068Papoutsakis, Eleftherios T.,

317, 323Paquin, Celine, 185

iv AUTHORINDEX

AUTHOR INDEX v

Pardo, Isabel, 539Parisot, Denise, 2474Parker, Mary L., 440Parkin, T. B., 72Parsons, Laura L., 717Patel, Umesh D., 465Pathre, S. V., 1955Patterson-Curtis, Sandra I.,

1544Paul, John H., 1823, 1865,

2798Pawlosky, Robert J., 794Payment, Pierre, 1640Payne, G. A., 86Peck, Michael W., 940Pedersen, E. Jonas, 3184Pedersen, Karl, 279Pedersen, Karsten, 2681Peeler, James T., 1490, 1925Peeters, Johan E., 1519Pelmont, J., 340Pendrys, John P., 1357Perales, Ildefonso, 3032Perestelo, F., 1660Pdrez-Rosas, Nerybelle, 495Pestka, James J., 2561Peter, Christopher R., 1504Peters, James P., 2460Petre, Jean, 984Pettersson, Bert, 871Pettersson, Hans-Erik, 2595Pfutzner, Marina, 1656Phillips, Elizabeth J. P., 700,

3234Phillips, Michael W., 1695,

1703Pichard, Scott L., 2798Pichd, Y., 2320Pickard, Michael A., 17Pickup, Roger W., 771, 2537Pierce, Kevin, 2416Piette, J.-P. Gabriel, 1531Plattner, Ronald D., 2190,

2195Pock-Steen, Jan, 1512Pocsidio, Joanne, 1026Poinar, George O., 2601Polaina, J., 3173Pollock, Thomas J., 2302Polzin, Kayla M., 2702Pommepuy, Monique, 1040,

2424Pons, J. L., 2944Portalier, Raymond, 1717Porteous, L. Arlene, 2200Postma, Erik, 468, 3214Powell, Godfrey E., 440Power, Ultan F., 1386Pratt, David S., 1093Prensier, Gerard, 233Presser, Theresa S., 2333Preston, Glenn G., 165Prevost, H., 751Pribnow, David, 406Price, W. Allen II, 1466, 1472Priscu, John C., 2965Pritchard, P. H., 1466, 1472,

1624, 3085Pyle, B. H., 3226

Quesada, E., 2385

Rahouti, Mohammed, 2391Rajagopal, B. S., 2123

Ramakrishna, Y., 2619Ramsay, Bruce A., 584Ramsay, Juliana A., 584Rao, N. Shyamala, 767Rapoport, Georges, 2739Rasmussen, Joseph B., 1214Rasmussen, M. A., 2089Ravindranath, V., 2619Raya, R. R., 2206Reasoner, Donald J., 907, 912Rebers, Paul A., 106Reddy, G. S. N., 767Reding, H. Keith, 666Rehnstam, Ann-Sofi, 1907Reichenbach, Stephen E.,

2762Reid, Ian D., 1147Reid, William S., 3253Rella, Manuela, 934Renganathan, V., 330Rengpipat, Sirirat, 2579Rennenberg, Heinz, 2068Reverdy, M. E., 2944Revsbech, Niels Peter, 1234Reynolds, Patrick J., 2280Rice, Eugene W., 2443Rice, Wendell A., 520Richardson, A. J., 3080Richardson, Laurie L., 261Richaume, Agnes, 1730Riemann, Bo, 1512Rigsby, L. L., 611Riley, Kelley R., 3189Rinehart, K. L., 1990Ristroph, J. D., 2098Rivas, Joaquin, 758Rivera, Maria D., 590Robben, J., 2954Robinson, J. A., 72Robinson, Joseph A., 2460Robinson, Robert A., 1220Robinson, Victor A., 1093Rodin, Nils, 2681Rodrigues, Ubaldina M., 778Rodriguez, Herminia, 758Rogers, John E., 348, 2527Romero, D. A., 1684Roncel, Mercedes, 483Rosa, M. Fernanda, 21Rosazza, John P. N., 3029Rose, Joan B., 3189Rosswall, Thomas, 1375Rothenburger, Stephen, 3247Rouault, Annette, 1769Rouxhet, Paul G., 2806Roy, A. K., 531Royer, J. C., 177Rubin, Alan J., 2592Rubio, Miguel Angel, 2904Rudolph, Frederick B., 317,

323, 970Ruiz-Berraquero, F., 2385Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria, Jose A.,

1447Rule, Patricia L., 2702Russell, Brenda L., 294Russell, James B., 1, 1052,

2658, 2664Rutala, William A., 511Ryder, Ronald A., 95

Sa-Correia, Isabel, 21

Sadowsky, Michael J., 1730,2532

Safferman, Robert S., 503Sahm, Hermann, 684, 1996Saisree, L., 767Sakagami, Yoshikazu, 2036Sakazawa, Chikahiro, 275, 478Salcedo, Carmina I., 741Salkinoja-Salonen, Mirja S.,

516Salmon, J. M., 953Salyers, Abigail A., 2572Salzberg, Sonia P., 523Samson, R6jean, 3150Sandin, Michael, 2681Sandine, W. E., 2010Sanjaghsaz, Hamid, 390Sanschagrin, Sylvie, 3150Sasatsu, Masanori, 1665Sattar, Syed A., 3113Saunders, Jon R., 771, 2537Savage, C., 2944Sawyer, Thomas K., 1074Sayler, Gary S., 1286, 1323Scanferlato, Vjera S., 1477Scarcez, Thierry, 984Schaefer, D. M., 50, 55Schallenberg, Marc, 1214Scheffers, W. Alexander, 468,3214

Scheirlinck, Trees, 2130Schell, Mark A., 3243Schiewe, Michael H., 1128Schillinger, Ulrich, 1901Schimel, Joshua P., 1635Schinner, Franz, 1153Schippers, Bob, 1340Schmidt, E. L., 1895Schmidt, Karl-Herrmann,

1009Schmidt, Thomas M., 2607Schmitt, P., 751Schneider, Henry, 2871, 2877Schoberth, Siegfried M., 1996Schocken, Mark J., 1220Schrempf, Hildgund, 2653Schroth, Milton N., 934Schultze, S., 1249Schuman, Donald B., 116Schuman, J. D., 2344Schupp, Daniel G., 1223Schutz, M., 852Schwab, Burney S., 2092Schwartzentruber, K., 1320Schwingel, W. R., 259Scott, Warren J., 1635Sehlin, H. Mikael, 3020Seigle-Murandi, Francoise,

2391Seip, E. R., 86Serra, Juan L., 1612Servais, Pierre, 2732Sewell, G. W., 306Shadix, Lois C., 2443Shapiro, M., 1049Sharma, Pramod, 2280Sheehan, Pamela L., 240Shen, G.-J., 689Sheth, Vipula, 767Shiaris, Michael P., 1391Shields, Malcolm S., 1624Shiloach, J., 1305Shimao, Masayuki, 275, 478

Shimizu, Shoichi, 2399Shimodori, Shoichi, 2726Shinke, Ryu, 1638Shinoda, S., 2073Shirae, Hideyuki, 419Shiragami, Hiroshi, 419Shirai, Makoto, 2569, 3202Shirey, James J., 2214Shivaji, Sisinthy, 767Shivprasad, Shailaja, 1811Shockey, W. L., 1766Siebeling, Ronald J., 1591Sieracki, Michael E., 2762Signer, Ethan R., 3229Silver, Simon, 523Simons, Guus, 1483Singh, Gur Jai Pal, 2779Siragusa, Gregory R., 2802Sivonen, K., 1990Sjoberg, Annelie, 1549Skoog, Kerstin, 1974Slade, E. A., 1426Slininger, Patricia J., 649Small, Christopher L., 1136Sment, Karen A., 1295Smith, Craig S., 2326Smith, Darrell B., 380, 1003Smith, Geoffrey B., 1957Smith, Harry L., Jr., 95Smith, M., 1380Smith, M. Scott, 717Smith-Somerville, Harriett E.,

1106Smits, J. P., 2850Smolenski, Walter J., 2460Somerville, Charles C., 548Sommer, G., 852S0rensen, Jan, 1234Sorenson, William G., 1093gogtaric, Branko, 2856Spain, Jim C., 372, 2648Sparling, Richard, 1414Speckman, Ray A., 573, 2517Spierings, Gonnie, 3250Springthorpe, V. Susan, 3113Srinivasan, V. R., 2220Stack, Michael E., 7Stahl, Heidi G., 599Staley, James T., 1033Stanton, Thad B., 2365Staudenbauer, Walter L., 2653Steele, James L., 2410Steen, William C., 2545Steiman, Regine, 2391Steinberg, Marvin P., 573Stenstrom, Thor Axel, 142Sterjiades, R., 340Stewart, C. S., 3080Stewart, Mic H., 2230Stockdale, E., 2141Stoecker, Diane K., 1761Stott, Robert F., 3072Stotzky, G., 661Straube, William L., 548Strijdom, Barend W., 3000Strobel, Herbert J., 1, 2664Struijs, Jacobus, 2527Suarez, Guillermo, 1447Suflita, Joseph M., 590, 2773Sukhumavasi, Jiraporn, 2399Sullivan, C., 1380Sulya, Andrew W., 298Suzuki, Carolyn K., 7

VOL. 55, 1989

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Suzuki, Isamu, 1117, 2588,2918

Suzuki, Makoto, 3202Sweerts, Jean-Pierre R. A.,754

Swinnen, Pieter, 2056Symanowski, James, 106Syvaoja, Eeva-Liisa, 2690

Tackaberry, Patrick D., 1117Tagami, Haruko, 171Tailliez, P., 203, 207Takai, Toshinao, 1591Takaki, Mikihiro, 2613Takamura, Yoshichika, 2569Takayama, Kiyoshi, 559Takegawa, Kaoru, 3107Takigiku, Ray, 639Takiguchi, Ryuichi, 1653Taller, Barbara J., 266Tamaki, Toshimi, 171Tamplin, Benjamin R., 1504Tamplin, Mark L., 2882, 3072Tan, E., 722Tangarone, B., 177Tannock, Gerald W., 279,

461, 1848Tartera, C., 2696Tashima, Toshio, 2036Tate, Robert L., III, 2155,

2161Tatton, Marcus J., 440Tayama, Kenji, 171Taylor, A., 1320Taylor, Scott L., 2195Tebbe, Christoph C., 711Tekaia, F., 1911Thanh, L. Phan, 2308Theodoridis, George, 1220Theodorou, Michael K., 1363Thierbach, Georg, 684Thiry, Georges, 984Thoene, Barbara, 2068Thomas, Daniel, 2377Thomas, J. M., 1058Thomashow, Michael F., 2251Thompson, Richard A., 2681Thompson-Eagle, E. T., 1406Thorne, Linda, 2302Thrane, Ulf, 3184Thurnheer, Thomas, 492Tiedje, James M., 2773, 2924,

3022Tirabasso, Patricia A., 2789,

3237Tjarks, Larry W., 2190Tochikura, Tatsurokuro, 3107Toda, Kiyoshi, 1665Tomasouw, W. Francois, 3214Tommassen, Jan, 3250Toranzos, Gary A., 1301Tosteson, C. G., 137Tosteson, T. R., 137Tostowaryk, Walter, 3113Towne, Gene, 91

Tracey, Ralph P., 1617Tran, Van Mai, 1895Travers, Russell S., 2437Treat, Michael, 1026Trevors, Jack T., 1649Trinci, Anthony P. J., 1363Trinick, Michael J., 1242,

2046Trudel, Michel, 1640Tsien, Hsien-Chyang, 3155Tully, Raymond E., 1852Tunlid, A., 1368Tuovinen, Olli H., 312, 2717Turco, Ronald F., 385Tyndall, R. L., 722Tynkkynen, Soile, 2690

Ucko, Michal, 2990Upper, Christen D., 623Uruburu, Federico, 539Utt, E. A., 306

van Belkum, Marco J., 1187van Bruggen, Ariena H. C.,

2635van de Guchte, Maarten, 224Vanderleyden, Jos, 2056van der Mei, Henny C., 2806van der Vossen, Jos M. B.M., 224

van der Werf, M. J., 2850Van Dijken, Johannes P., 468,

3214Van Gool, August, 2056van Groenestijn, Johan W.,

219van Kleef, M. A. G., 1209van Niekerk, J. P., 1178Van Orden, Dianna E., 3029Van Voris, P., 198Varel, Vincent H., 148, 3080Venema, Gerard, 224, 394,

1187Venkateswaran, Kasthuri,

559, 1591, 2613Ventosa, A., 2385Ventresque, Claire, 2732Verduyn, Cornelis, 468Verreth, Christel, 2056Viegas, Cristina A., 21Villacorta Martinez deMaturana, Isabel, 1519

Vink, Ruud L. J. M., 2819Virginia, Ross A., 3058Visvesvara, Govinda S., 1144Vogel, Hans, 1974Voigt, Jurgen, 526Volk, Thomas J, 3095Volkering, F., 2850von Berg, Regina, 2068von Wright, Atte, 2690

Wachinger, Gisela, 2653Wackett, Lawrence P., 2723,

2960, 3155, 3162Wadisirisuk, P., 1711

Wadstrom, Torkel, 2595Wagner, Dean E., 1925Waldon, Hollis B., 3058Walia, S., 798Walker, S. G., 2976Wall, Judy D., 165Wallace, R. John, 2372Walsh, Suzanne M., 1298Wang, Pi-Chao, 1665Wang, Tsung Tsan, 3167Wangwongwatana, Supat, 390Ward, David M., 1818Ward, L. J. H., 1426Ware, Doris A., 1144Warren, R. A. J., 2480Warth, Alan D., 2995Watanabe, Itaru, 454, 1026,

2407Waterbury, J. B., 1888Watling, Les, 2888Watters, S. K., 3226Webb, Kenneth L., 2762Wehr, John D., 1605Wei, R. D., 1928Weightman, Andrew J., 2627Weinhold, Albert R., 934Weinstein, I. Bernard, 1026Weisbrod, A. R., 1921Wekell, Marleen M., 3072Weller, Roland, 1818Wells, George A., 3113Wen, Yechun, 794Wernars, Karel, 902Westermann, Peter, 514, 1262,

2257Westlake, Donald W. S., 36Wetzel, Robert G., 1963Wevers, Mary Jo, 78Whitaker, Christopher J., 529White, B. A., 2089White, D. C., 1368Whitehead, Terence R., 893Whiticar, Michael J., 994Whittaker, P. A., 695Wiegel, Juergen, 348, 2735Wiemer, David F., 1346Wiesenborn, Dennis P., 317,

323Wiik, Ragnhild, 819, 826Wilcke, Burton W., Jr., 1504Wilger, Pamela A., 631Willey, J. M., 1888Williams, Alan G., 2583Williams, Myron N. V., 3229Williams, R. E., 2262Williams, W. Scott, 2448Williamson, John S., 3029Williamson, Joseph W., 1291Wilson, C., 695Wilson, Valerie, 433Windels, C. E., 1315Windham, W. R., 611Winstanley, Craig, 771, 2537Winter, Jeanette, 1203Wirsen, Carl O., 2832, 2909

Witholt, Bernard, 1949, 2819Witten, T. C., 1249Wolf, D. C., 3143Wolfe, Roy L., 2230Wolfram, James H., 2267Wolf-Watz, Hans, 1400, 1907Wolin, Meyer J., 2468Wolkin, Richard H., 3131Wollum, A. G., II, 1957Woloshuk, C. P., 86Wong, Diana C. L., 2550,

2556Wong, Tit-Yee, 266Wood, Nathan D., 2200Wright, Betty A., 503Wright, Sara F., 761Wyndham, R. Campbell, 1584

Xiao, Yingxian, 1724Xie, Weiping, 794, 1315Xu, Jimin, 806, 1136Xu, Xigen, 794

Yabe, Kimiko, 2172Yahya, Moyasar T., 3045Yamamoto, Kenji, 3107Yamanaka, H., 2073Yang, Hsiuchin, 1078Yang, Robert C. A., 568, 1192Yano, Mitsuo, 1351Yao, Raymond C., 1507Yasuda, Naohiko, 419Ye, C., 1860Yeung, Kam-Ha Anna, 3243Yoder-Williams, Michael P.,

78Yokoyama, Hiroshi, 2036Yokozeki, Kenzo, 419Yoshpe-Purer, Yona, 2041Young, L. Y., 590Yousten, Allan A., 294Yucel, Irem, 1724

Zahab, D. M., 2871Zehnder, Alexander J. B., 219Zehr, Jonathan P., 2522Zeiher, Carolyn, 165Zeikus, J. G., 366, 689Zeph, L. R., 661Zhang, R., 733Zhang, Xiaoming, 2735Zhang, Y., 3124Zhang, Yang, 2082Zheng, Zhong, 66, 733Zhu, Hong, 2105Zhu, Yu Sheng, 1279Zika, Rod G., 2843Zinder, Stephen H., 488Ziomek, Edmund, 1147, 2262Zips, A., 1801Zottola, E. A., 2344Zuberer, David A., 1748Zumft, Walter G., 1670Zduiiga, Manuel, 539Zylstra, Gerben J., 2648, 3162

vi AUTHORINDEX

SUBJECT INDEXVOLUME 55

Abortive infectionbacteriophage resistance, 2416

Absidia pseudocylindrosporaherbicide transformation, 1220

Acanthamoeba cystsviability in ophthalmic solutions, 1144

Acclimation periodhalobenzoate dehalogenation, 2773

Acetatebacterial catabolism, 514M. barkeri temperature compensation,

1262metabolism by B. japonicum, 165production by A. polyoxogenes, 171production by methanogens, 2257threshold concentrations for catabolism,

514utilization kinetics, 488

Aceticlastic bacteriathreshold acetate concentrations, 514

Acetoacetyl-coenzyme A:acetate/butyrate:coenzyme A-transferase

C. acetobutylicum mutants, 970Acetobacter polyoxogenes

aldehyde dehydrogenase gene cloning,171

Acetobacter xylinumcellulose production and role, 2448synthetic medium, 1317

Acetobacterium woodiiethanol production and utilization, 1835

Acetogenic bacteriaA. kivui nickel transport, 1078strain PA-1 growth, 1289

Acetogenium kivuinickel transport, 1078

Acetonitriledegradation, 2267

3-Acetyldeoxynivalenolproduction by F. graminearum, 1315

15-Acetyldeoxynivalenolproduction by F. graminearum, 1315

Acetylene reductionB. japonicum, 2493

Acidic environmentsbiofilm-metal interactions, 1250R. meliloti, 1870

Acidogenic bacteriaC. acetobutylicum, 317L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, 185L. lactis subsp. lactis, 185S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus, 185

Acidsuptake by C. acetobutylicum, 323

Acinetobacter spp.detection in drinking water, 2214polyphosphate-degrading enzymes, 219

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome2',3'-dideoxynucleoside production, 419

Actinomycetesimproved recovery medium, 2669ligninolytic activity, 1642

Activated sludgebacterial population structure, 897P. putida survival, 2627polyphosphate degradation, 219

AdaptationA. chroococcum, 1811E. coli in seawater, 2424heavy metal gradients, 2002Hg2+ and aquatic microbes, 1196

mercury in aquatic environments, 1574Adenine auxotrophy

P. chrysosporium transformation, 406Adenine nucleotides

S. cerevisiae fermentation, 1312Adherence

bacterial growth rate control, 1308coagulase-negative staphylococci, 2806non-Ol V. cholerae, 2403ruminal bacteria and cellulose, 2089

Adhesionbacteria and soil particles, 142bacterial adhesion to meat, 1531F. succinogenes and cellulose, 3039polymer physicochemical properties,

2827Adsorption

polychlorinated biphenyls, 3150Aeration

effect on C. shehatae, 2152AeroadaptationA. chroococcum, 1811

Aerobic bacteriaasphalt degradation, 1357isoquinoline degradation, 3247

Aeromonas hydrophilagrowth on fresh vegetables, 2167influence of modified atmosphere, 3012

Aeromonas spp.isolation from water, 2138suicide phenomenon, 543

Aerosolsgenetically engineered bacteria, 2641microbial droplet transport, 2349organic dust toxic syndrome, 1093

Aflatoxinsbiosynthesis, 2172inactivation, 465M. pruriens seeds, 531visual detection of synthesis, 1808

Agarose soy casein digest mediumPasteurella vaccine potency, 106

AgglutinationV. cholerae, 2882

Aggregatesrecombinant proteins, 1106toxins on cell membranes, 2779Trichodesmium N2 fixation, 2965

Agmenellum quadruplicatumlarvicide biosynthesis, 2428

Agria cactusD. mojavensis ecology, 100microbial colonization, 100

Agrobacterium radiobacterbiological control of A. tumefaciens, 741

Agrobacterium tumefaciensagrocin sensitivity and resistance, 741biological control, 741

Agrocin 84A. tumefaciens sensitivity, 741

Air separation systemE. coli cultivation, 1305

Airlift fermentorschloroperoxidase production, 17

Alcaligenes eutrophusPHB and polyphosphate metabolism,

2932Alcaligenes faecalis

heterotrophic nitrification, 2068Alcoholic fermentation

population dynamics, 539

vii

S. cerevisiae Crabtree effect, 468sluggish and stuck fermentation, 953yeast hull effect, 1560

Aldehyde dehydrogenaseacetic acid production, 171cloning of gene, 171

AldehydesS. sucromutans, 927

Alfalfa-corn dietruminal microorganisms, 148

Algal cultivationculture contamination, 2990

Alkaline phosphataseproduction by C. graniforme, 2511

Alkanesmicrobial metabolism, 269

Alluvial soils and sedimentshumus formation, 922lignin degradation, 922

Alternaria alternataselenium volatilization, 1406

Alternate electron acceptorshydroxybenzoate isomer metabolism,

590Alteromonas putrefaciens

hydrogen and formate oxidation, 700iron or manganese reduction, 700

Altertoxinssuperoxide production, 7

Amidesbiodegradation, 2545

Aminesproduction by intestinal anaerobes, 2894production by lactobacilli, 2356

Amino acidsexcretion by M. voltae, 1295transport by peptostreptococci, 2658

Aminobenzenesulfonatesbacterial carbon source, 492

23-Amino-O-mycaminosyltylonolidemacrolide antibiotic immunoassay, 1507

AminopeptidaseL. bulgaricus mutants, 1717L. lactis subsp. cremoris, 2308

Ammoniaindustrial waste nitrification, 240oxidation by Nitrosovibrio spp., 2108production by ruminal bacteria, 1052

Amoebaedensity and distribution, 722Maryland soils, 1074thermal addition effects, 722

Ampicillin resistancegene cloning, 2056

AmylaseB. stearothermophilus, 1638

a-Amylaseexpression in L. plantarum, 2130expression in S. cerevisiae, 3167

I-AmylaseC. thermosulfurogenes, 689

Anacystis nidulanshydrogen peroxide production, 483

Anaerobic bacteriadichloroaniline degradation, 2527enumeration on forages, 1766enumeration in pig ceca and colons,

1112increase in aging rats, 2468kinetics of nitrate utilization, 717selenate reduction in sediment, 2333

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Anaerobic biodegradation potentialdigesting sludge, 433

Anaerobic bioreactorsmethanogen subpopulations, 1996

Anaerobic dechlorinating consortiacharacterization, 1472freshwater sediments, 2735

Anaerobic fungiNeocallimastix sp. growth, 1363

Anaerobic incubationisolation of Aeromonas spp., 2138

Anilinedegradation by a Pseudomonas sp., 385

Animal feedfusarochromanone, 3184

Anion-exchange chromatographySynechocystis mutant selection, 1452

Anisolessynthesis by P. pomaceus, 1981

Anopore inorganic membrane filtercomparison with Nuclepore, 529

Anoxic aquifer slurrieshydroxybenzoate isomer metabolism,

590Ant-garden fungus

characterization, 1346Anthoceros punctatusNostoc hormogonia formation, 125

Anthrax toxinresponse of rats, 2098

Antibacterial agentshand-washing agents, 3113hen egg white lysozyme, 631L. sake compounds, 1901LP system, 2802sodium lactate, 2226

Antibiotic resistancegene cloning in E. coli, 2056gram-negative enteric bacteria, 2287R. leguminosarum diversity, 109

Antibioticsenzyme immunoassay, 1507resistant S. typhimurium, 2344sirodesmin PL, 1555

Antibodiescyanobacterial toxins, 1928macrolide antibiotic immunoassay, 1507

Antisepticsstandardization of activity, 1911

Antiviral agentschlorine, 3902',3'-dideoxynucleoside production, 419hand-washing agents, 3113

Antsfungus cultivation, 1346

Applesinvasion by P. syringae, 533

Aquaculturebacterial colonization of fish eggs, 1435

Aquatic environmentsadaptation to heavy metals, 2002amide degradation, 2545bacterial nucleic acid production, 1865bacterial survival and detection, 788biofilm-metal interactions, 1250chloroaromatic compound degradation,

1466, 1472E. carotovora survival, 1477microbial adaptation to Hg2+, 1196nucleic acid isolation, 548pathogenic Naegleria fowleri, 722surfactant biodegradation, 2092thermophilic amoebae, 722

toxigenic vibrios, 2613V. mimicus ecology, 2073

Aquifershydroxybenzoate isomer metabolism,

590Archaebacteria

continuous culture, 2086flagella, 1414plating efficiency, 3020

Arginineneurotoxin formation regulation, 1544protease formation regulation, 1544

Aroclor 1254adsorption-desorption, 3150

Aromatic hydrocarbonsutilization by P. putida, 1523

Arthrobacter protophormiaeendo-3-N-acetylglucosaminidase, 3107

Arthrobacter spp.4-chlorobenzoate degradation, 478

Arthrobacter viscosuspenicillin G acylase gene, 1351

AspartateC. glutamicum lysine formation, 684

Aspergillus alliaceus3-methoxy-17p-estradiol, 3029

Aspergillus flavusgenetic transformation system, 86

Aspergillus fumigatusrat intratracheal exposure, 2856

Aspergillus parasiticustrpC gene, 2561

Aspergillus spp.aflatoxin synthesis detection, 1808

Aspergillus wentiigrowth estimation method, 1044

Asphalt cement-20biodegradation, 1357

AstaxanthinP. rhodozyma, 116

Atlantic salmonV. salmonicida virulence, 819

Attachmentbacteria and meat surfaces, 832bacterial growth on meat, 1329polymer physicochemical properties,

2827Attine ants

fungus cultivation, 1346Autoanalysis Colilert testcomparison with membrane filtration,

3091evaluation, 2443

AutotrophyBeggiatoa spp., 2909sulfur bacteria, 639

AuxotrophyA. xylinum mutants, 1317

awC. botulinum toxin production, 656

AzideC. tropicalis xylose fermentation, 1974

Azorhizobium caulinodansepiphytic occurrence, 2407survival in rice rhizosphere, 454

Azospirillum brasilensegene expression in E. coli, 2056

Azospirillum spp.uptake hydrogenase, 2315

Azotobacter chroococcumaeroadaptation, 1811catechol formation, 1811hydroxamic acids, 298

melanization, 1811Azotobacter vinelandii

cytokinin production, 266exponential growth, 1334poly- -hydroxybutyrate, 1334

Baccharis spp.Fusarium mycotoxins, 254

Bacillus cereuselectroporation, 1649toxin production, 2595transformation, 1649

Bacillus circulansxylanase gene expressed in E. coli, 1192xylanases, 568

Bacillus licheniformisantibiotic susceptibility, 3026colonial variants, 3026enzyme activities, 3026

Bacillus polymyxagene cloning in E. coli, 3173genetic transformation, 2517

Bacillus sphaericuscarbohydrate metabolism, 294mosquitocidal toxin genes, 252

Bacillus spp.denitrification phenotype, 1023P-mannanase gene in E. coli, 3178P. aeruginosa phenotype, 1023

Bacillus stearothermophilusamylase, 1638B. thuringiensis gene expression, 3208isolation, 500phenol hydroxylase, 500

Bacillus subtilisadsorption of clays, 2976antibiotic susceptibility, 3026B. sphaericus gene expression, 252B. thuringiensis gene expression, 446,

3208colonial variants, 3026delta-endotoxin gene expression, 446,

2302differential enzyme expression, 2675enzyme activities, 3026heavy metal binding, 2976inducible secretion of cellulase, 2739penicillin G acylase gene expression,

1351protoplast fusion, 2675

Bacillus thuringiensisabundance and distribution, 2437delta-endotoxin gene expression, 446,

2302gene expression in B. stearothermophi-

lus, 3208gene expression in B. subtilis, 446, 3208separation of protein from spores, 1279toxin binding to cell membranes, 2779

Bacterial hydrophobicityadhesion to soil particles, 142

Bacterial metabolism2,2'-diaminopimelic acid, 212

Bacterial productionestimation in Lake Vechten, 1787vascular plant detritus, 2178

Bacteriocingene cloning from a plasmid, 1187

BacteriophagesD. salexigens, 645differential promoter regulation, 771L. lactis sensitivity, 2410, 2702

viii SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX ix

lactococcal resistance, 2416origin of environmental viruses, 2696P1 transduction of bacteria, 6614adh in L. acidophilus, 2206resistance conferred by plasmids, 1537,

1684ruminal microorganisms, 1630soil bacteria, 661transport in soil and tuff, 2061

Bacterioplanktonregulation in estuaries, 1512

Bacteroides fragilisamine production, 2894origin of environmental bacteriophages,

26%Bacteroides ruminicola

xylanase gene cloning, 893Bacteroides succinogenes

cellodextrinase gene cloning, 132Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

competitiveness in vivo, 2572Bacteroids

acetate-activating enzymes, 165DNA superhelicity, 1420

Baker's yeastcryotolerance in doughs, 2453desirable characteristics, 1495haploids from industrial strains, 1742

Bark compost mediaRhizoctonia damping-off, 1368

Barophilic bacteriamanganese binding, 764

Basidiomycetesextracellular enzyme detection, 1457iron-binding compounds, 2720

Batch cultureC. fumago, 17C. thermocellum, 3131M. barkeri, 940M. mazei, 940S. cerevisiae, 1312

Bayberrycharacteristics of Frankia strains, 2161diversity of Frankia strains, 2155

Beggiatoa spp.characterization, 2909

Benthic dinoflagellatesbacterial flora, 137growth and toxicity, 137

Benzalkonium chlorideresistant P. aeruginosa, 2036

Benzenebiodegradation, 3221

Benzo[a]pyrenebiotransformation, 1391

P-D-GlucuronidaseE. coli in human fecal samples, 335

P-Glucose-l-phosphateL. lactis, 1549

Betainefermentation and oxidation, 965

Bile acid 3-sulfatesbile acid-desulfating bacterium, 2954

Bile salt hydrolaseLactobacillus spp., 11murine intestinal tract, 1848

Bindingheavy metals to cell surfaces, 2976protein toxin to cell membranes, 2779

Biocidesmetal-working fluids, 2681

Biodegradable dissolved organic Cdetermination in water, 2732

Biodegradable plasticspoly-,3-hydroxybutyrate, 1334, 2932

Biodegradationacetonitrile, 2267amides, 2545aniline, 385aromatic hydrocarbons, 1523asphalt cement-20, 1357barley straw, 3080benzene, 3221chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, 2819chloroaromatic compounds, 1466chlorobenzene, 10373-chlorobenzoate, 15844-chlorobenzoate, 4784-chlorobiphenyl, 798p-chlorotoluene, 372citrate, 1375creosote, 3085p-cresol, 866crude oil, 362,4-D, 2717dichloroanilines, 25274,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, 8872,4-dichlorophenol, 348, 27354-fluorobenzoate, 2499forage cell walls, 30802-furoic acid, 1829glufosinate, 711humic acid, 1282humic acid-bound molecules, 2843hydroxylated biphenyls, 946isoquinoline, 3247lignin, 922lignin-related compounds, 1642lignocellulose, 1165metalaxyl, 66metal-working fluids, 2681pentachlorophenol, 2113phosphinothricin, 711polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 154,

1391, 1968polyphosphate, 219protein in sediment community, 1963refuse in landfills, 55sewage sludge, 433surfactants, 2092T-2 toxin, 190tetrachlorohydroquinone, 516toluene, 1624trichloroethylene, 1624, 2819, 2960,

3155, 3162vascular plants, 2178wood and wood fragments, 871xenobiotic compounds, 1578

Biofilmsbacterial growth rate control, 1308chlorination, 29interactions with metals, 1250polymer physicochemical properties,

2827Biological controlA. tumefaciens, 741mosquito larvicide, 2428parasitic helminths, 1178

BioluminescenceX. luminescens, 2601, 2607

BiomassC. versicolor wood pulp brightening,

1147E. coli cultivation, 1305measurement by image analysis, 2762measurement by ultrasound, 1801

measurement in sediments, 2888measurement in soil, 1635production by L. oenos, 2488

Bioreactorsmethanogen subpopulations, 1996

Biosurfactantsproduction by P. aeruginosa, 3016

Biotransformationbenzo[a]pyrene, 1391chlorinated aliphatic compounds, 837chlorinated alkenes, 2144naphthalene, 1391phenanthrene, 13911,1 ,1-trichloroethane, 845

Birch woodpolysaccharide localization, 2293

BirdsLyme disease reservoirs, 1921V. cholerae, 95

Bisonruminal microorganisms, 148

Bleachingpulp brightening by C. versicolor, 1147

Blood agarPasteurella vaccine potency, 106

Body weightrat response to toxin, 2098

Bradyrhizobium japonicumacetate-activating enzymes, 165acetylene reduction, 2493bacteroid enzymes, 165host plant effects, 2532Hupc mutants, 1157hydrogenase expression, 3051hydrogenase synthesis, 1157inoculant mobility, 2493migration, modulation, and N2 fixation,

1711nodulating competitiveness, 1895nodule occupancy, 2493pleomorphic forms, 666survival in fluid gels, 617

Bradyrhizobium spp.bacteroid function regulation, 1420competition for nodulation, 1242DNA superhelicity, 1420nodulation competitiveness, 3000P. andersonii nodules, 2046

Brevibacterium sp. strain KY-4313canthaxanthin source, 2505

Buildingsammonia-oxidizing bacteria, 2108

Butanolmembrane fluidity effect, 2729

Butyrivibrio fibrisolvensxylB expression in E. coli, 306xylosidase gene, 306

Cactus tissueD. mojavensis ecology, 100microbial colonization, 100

CadmiumC. reinhardtii resistance, 526citrate decomposition, 1375resistance screening, 2101

Caldariomyces fumagochloroperoxidase production, 17

Campbell-like integrationL. lactis and plasmid DNA, 394

Candida albicanssurface-active properties, 2119

VOL. 55, 1989

x SUBJECT INDEX

Candida shehataetemperature and aeration shifts, 2152

Candida tropicalisxylose fermentation and azide, 1974

Candida utilisglucose competition, 3214

CanthaxanthinBrevibacterium sp., 2505

Carbohydratesmetabolism by B. sphaericus, 294

Carbonautotrophic sulfur bacteria, 639cytoplasmic pools and salt stress, 1635measurement in water, 2732

Carbon dioxideG. margarita growth, 2320

Carbon monoxide dehydrogenasemethanogenesis, 2123

Carbon sourcesaminobenzenesulfonates, 4923-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 492

Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydra-zone

E. coli halotolerance, 1040Carotenoids

canthaxanthin production, 2505profiling and quantitation, 3065

Casein manufacturinglactococcal bacteriophage resistance,

1537Catabolic plasmidspWWO, 1323

CatecholA. chroococcum aeroadaptation, 1811

Cattleruminal fungal development, 2360ruminal microorganisms, 148

Caulobacter spp.mercury volatilization, 523

cDNAselective recovery of 16S rRNA, 1818

Cecal microorganismsenumeration in pigs, 1112ruminal fungal development, 2360

Cell concentrationT. ferrooxidans iron oxidation, 1117

Cell cycleSynechococcus sp. and light, 425

Cell envelopeE. coli metal binding, 2976V. parahaemolyticus growth, 1877

Cell sizebiomass determination, 2762yeast preservative resistance, 2995

Cell surfacestaphylococcal adherence, 2806

Cell surface chargebacterial attachment to meat, 832

Cell volumebacterioplankton, 1512planktonic protozoa, 1761

Cell wallB. subtilis metal binding, 2976

Cellobiosegrowth of ruminal fungi, 1695

Cellodextrinasegene expression in E. coli, 132

CellulaseS. reticuli, 2653

Cellulolytic bacteriaC. longisporum, 3080enumeration, 2789rumens of cattle and bison, 148

Cellulomonas fimiendoglucanase C, 2480

Cellulomonas spp.differential enzyme expression, 2675protoplast fusion, 2675

Cellulosedegradation by S. reticuli, 2653digestion by bacteria, 2247F. succinogenes adhesion, 3039fermentation, 203, 207fermentation by C. thermocellum, 3131fungal growth estimation, 1044role in A. xylinum, 2448ruminal bacterial adherence, 2089synthesis by A. xylinum, 1317utilization by ruminal fungi, 1703

Cenococcum graniformehydrolytic enzyme production, 2511

Chaotropic neutral saltsaggregate solubilization, 1106

Cheddar cheeseLactobacillus crystal production, 2579

Cheese manufacturingamine production, 2356Lactobacillus crystal production, 2579lactococcal bacteriophage resistance,

1537Cheese whey

glycerol production, 573Chemoheterotrophs

P. saccharophila, 3197subsurface sediments, 1058

Chemostat cultureS. cerevisiae Crabtree effect, 468

ChemotaxisM. hungatei, 264Synechococcus spp., 1888

Chlamydomonas reinhardtiicadmium resistance, 526

ChloramineE. cloacae enumeration, 3226

Chlorinated aliphatic compoundsbiotransformation, 837degradation, 2819

Chlorinationrapid sand filter gravel, 29

Chlorinecyst inactivation, 2592injured E. coli survival, 1298L. pneumophila inactivation, 3045virucidal effectiveness, 390

Chlorine dioxidedrinking water disinfection, 1519

Chloroaromatic compoundsanaerobic degradation, 1466, 1472

Chlorobenzenedegradation by a P. putida strain, 1037

Chlorobenzoatesbacterial dehalogenation, 887degradation, 478, 1584

4-Chlorobiphenylbiodegradation, 798catabolic plasmid pSS50, 1286

ChloromethaneP. pomaceus anisole biosynthesis, 1981

ChloroperoxidaseC. fumago, 17

Chlorophyll aprofiles in cyanobacteria, 822

p-Chlorotoluenedegradation, 372

A2 and Y3-Cholenoic acidsformation by a fusobacterium, 2954

Chrome azurol S agardifferentiation of Rhizobium isolates, 707

Chromiumreduction by E. cloacae, 1665

ChromosomesL. lactis plasmid DNA integration, 394L. lactis transformation, 1769L. plantarum gene integration, 2130

Chymosinproduction by P. mirabilis, 1009

cI repressorPL and PR regulation, 771

Citratedecomposition, 1375

Claysheavy metal binding, 2976

CloningA. brasilense gene, 2056aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, 171ca-amylase gene, 3167B. circulans xylanase genes, 568B. succinogenes cellodextrinase gene,

132B. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin gene,

446Bacillus ,-mannanase gene, 3178bacteriocin genes from a plasmid, 1187bacteriophage resistance determinants,

1684C. fimi endoglucanase gene, 24804-chlorobiphenyl degradation, 798DNA expression in K88 pili, 984electroporation, 1483endo-1,4-0-D-glucanase gene, 2399Erwinia gene in E. coli, 2220,-glucosidase gene, 3173L. monocytogenes gene, 2251P. putida OU83, 798penicillin G acylase gene, 1351R. flavefaciens genes, 1230trpC of A. parasiticus, 2561xylanase gene, 893

Clostridium acetobutylicumcoenzyme A transferase, 323membrane fluidity, 2729phosphotransbutyrylase, 317solvent production mutants, 970uptake of acids, 323

Clostridium botulinumneurotoxin formation regulation, 1544protease formation regulation, 1544Seto Inland Sea of Japan, 559toxin production, 656toxin production control, 2226

Clostridium collagenovoransgelatin conversion to methane, 366

Clostridium cylindrosporumspore germination, 1380

Clostridium innocuum3,-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 1656

Clostridium josuiendoglucanase gene cloning, 2399

Clostridium longisporumforage degradation, 3080

Clostridium perfringensamine production, 2894E. coli-C. perfringens shuttle vector, 360enterotoxin detection, 2141plasmid transformation, 360

Clostridium spp.chlorinated aliphatic compound transfor-

mation, 8371,1, 1-trichloroethane transformation, 845

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

SUBJECT INDEX xi

Clostridium thermocellumcellulase expression in B. subtilis, 2739cellulose fermentation, 203, 207cellulosic substrate fermentation, 3131endoglucanase gene expression, 2095

Clostridium thermosulfurogenes,-amylase production, 689

Coagulase-negative staphylococciphysicochemical surface properties, 2806

CobaltF. moniliforme growth, 649

Coculturesgelatin conversion to methane, 366

Codbacterial colonization of eggs, 1435

Coenzyme A transferaseC. acetobutylicum acid uptake, 323

Coenzyme F420 analogsbatch growth of Methanosarcina spp.,

940Coliform bacteria

detection, 507detection in water, 1003enumeration, 33ozone exposure, 33

Coliphagesdepuration by mussels, 1386

Colloidal gold cytochemistrybirch wood polysaccharides, 2293

Colonaging rats, 2468nitrate metabolism, 2899proteolysis by microflora, 679

ColonizationEurasian water milfoil, 2326submersed aquatic plants, 2326

CompetitionB. japonicum, 2532B. japonicum nodulation, 1895, 1957B. leguminosarum strains, 1599B. thetaiotaomicron in vivo, 2572Bradyrhizobium nodulation, 3000Bradyrhizobium spp., 1242diallel analysis, 1599P. syringae survival, 1690R. leguminosarum strains, 2755T. ferrooxidans iron oxidation, 1117yeasts and glucose, 3214

Composting ecosystemphysical modeling, 1082

Contact lensesAcanthamoeba viability, 1144

Continuous cultureC. fumago, 17C. shehatae, 2152C. thermocellum, 3131C. thermosulfurogenes, 689intestinal bacteria, 672methanogenesis from ethanol, 440mycoplasmas, 852nuclear polyhedrosis virus, 1049P. furiosus, 2086P. stutzeri, 1670thermostable P-amylase, 689

Cooling lakesthermal addition effects, 722

Coppercitrate decomposition, 1375L. pneumophila disinfection, 3045toxicity in estuaries, 43

Copy numberR. fredii plasmids, 813

Coriolus versicolorbiomass production, 1147wood pulp brightening, 1147

Corky root of lettucegram-negative bacterium, 2635

Corn silageorganic dust toxic syndrome, 1093

Corrinslindane dehalogenation, 1258

Corynebacterium glutamicumlysine formation, 684

Cottonseedling disease repression, 2793

Crabtree effectS. cerevisiae, 468

Crassostrea gigasbacterial colonization, 1128V. vulnificus survival, 3072

Crassostrea virginicaV. cholerae agglutination, 2882V. vulnificus survival, 3072

Creosotebiodegradation, 3085

p-Cresolbiodegradation, 866

C-ring cleavageflavonoids, 1203

Crown gallbiological control, 741

Crude oilbiodegradation, 36

CryoprotectantsV. cholerae, 2726

Cryotolerancebaker's yeast, 2453

Cryptosporidium parvumoocyst survival, 1519

Cryptosporidium spp.oocyst detection, 3189

Culture conditionsP. syringae and tobacco cells, 1724

Cultured Pacific oystersbacterial colonization, 1128

Cunninghamella elegansphenanthrene metabolism, 2275

Cupric iontoxicity in estuaries, 43

Cutaneous microbial floraantiseptic standardization, 1911

CutwormpBR322-bearing bacteria, 2200

CyanaseP. fluorescens cyanate utilization, 256

Cyanateutilization by P. fluorescens, 256

Cyanobacteriachemokinetic motility responses, 261chemotaxis, 1888hepatotoxin structure, 1990hormogonia formation, 125Microcystis growth medium, 2569Microcystis toxin, 3202nitrogen fixation, 758nitrogen fixation profiles, 882phycoerythrin content, 758toxin purification, 3202

Cystsdetection in water, 3189inactivation by chlorine, 2592viability in ophthalmic solutions, 1144viability in water, 1223

Cytochrome cdldenitrifying bacteria, 2924

Cytochrome reductionPseudomonas sp. strain VM1SC, 275

CytokininsA. vinelandii, 266

"Cytophaga psychrophila"phenotypic and genomic studies, 1796

Cytophaga sp.-like bacteriacolonization of oysters, 1128

Damping-offsuppression by bacteria, 1368, 2793

0 Dealkylation3-methoxy-17,-estradiol, 3029

-y-DecalactoneS. salmonicolor, 2939

Decanoic acidyeast growth inhibition, 21

Dechlorinationcharacterization of consortia, 14722,4-dichlorophenol in sediments, 2735methanogenic conditions, 2144tetrachloroethylene, 2144tetrachlorohydroquinone, 516trichloroethylene, 2144

Deciduous treescrown gall control, 741

Deep-sea hydrothermal plumesBeggiatoa spp., 2909manganese binding by bacteria, 764microbial hydrocarbon utilization, 2832

Defined substrate methodnational field evaluation, 1003

Defluorination3-fluoro-substituted benzenes, 330

Degenerate oligonucleotide primersnifH amplification, 2522

Degradable plasticspoly-p-hydroxybutyrate, 1334, 2932

Dehalogenationchlorobenzoates, 887dichloroanilines, 2527halobenzoates, 2773lindane, 1258

Deleya aestagrowth rate influences, 1755

Delta-endotoxingene expression in B. subtilis, 446, 2302

DenitrificationBacillus sp., 1023estuarine sediment, 1841kinetics of nitrate utilization, 717microzonation in sediments, 1234P. stutzeri enzymes, 1670stochastic models, 72

Denitrifying bacteriaheme and copper nitrate reductases,

2924Density

estimation from dilution counts, 1934Deodorization

T. thioparus TK-m, 555DeoxynivalenolFusarium isolates, 2619production by F. graminearum, 1315

Depurationmussels, 1386

Desert soilsoil bacteria, 2420woodland rhizobia, 3058

Desulfovibrio desulfuricansenzymes and methanogenesis, 2123lignin modification, 2262

VOL . 55, 1989

xii SUBJECT INDEX

Desulfovibrio salexigenslytic bacteriophage, 645

Desulfovibrio vulgarisenzymes and methanogenesis, 2123

Desulfuromonas spp.betaine fermentation and oxidation, 965

Detectionacinetobacters in water, 2214aflatoxin synthesis, 1808bacteria in aquatic environments, 788coliform bacteria, 507Cryptosporidium oocysts, 3189E. coli in oysters, 229E. coli in potable water, 1003E. ictaluri, 3253engineered DNA in soil, 3022enterotoxin, 2141extracellular enzymes, 1457fecal coliforms in water, 907fungi on roots, 761,-galactosidase, 3240genes that encode responses to pollut-

ants, 1574genetically engineered microorganisms,

1301Giardia cysts, 3189L. monocytogenes, 2251L. pneumophila in water, 1640lactobacilli, 461lactobacilli in cheese, 2356Listeria spp. in food, 599Listeria strains, 902macrolide antibiotics, 1507nuclear polyhedrosis virus, 2749P. betae in soil, 1273phage-transduced bacteria, 661pseudomonad in lake water, 2537Salmonella spp., 3032selective recovery of 16S rRNA, 1818T. ferrooxidans, 2025total coliforms, 2443total coliforms in potable water, 1003

DetoxificationP. acnes nitrate reduction, 2899wastewater ultrafiltration concentrates,

401Deuterated acetylene

ethylene biosynthesis and nitrogenaseestimation, 354

Dextranaseinduction in L. starkeyi, 2079

Diallel analysisB. leguminosarum strains, 1599

2,2'-Diaminopimelic acidmetabolism in vitro, 212

DicarboxylateB. japonicum pleomorphism, 666

Dichloroanilinesreductive dehalogenation, 2527

4,4'-Dichlorobiphenylbiodegradation, 887

Dichlorophenoldichloroaniline degradation, 2527

2,4-Dichlorophenolanaerobic biodegradation, 348, 2735

2,5-Dichlorophenolhydroxylation by P. putida, 2648

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acidbiodegradation, 2717

2',3'-Dideoxynucleosidesproduction by E. coli, 419

Dietruminal fungal development, 2360

Dietary fiberlongevity, 1100

Differential mediaLactobacillus spp., 11

Digesting sludgebiodegradation potential, 433

Dilution countsmicrobial density estimation, 1934

Dimethyl sulfidemethylotrophic methanogen, 994removal from air, 555

Diphenyl ether cleavagegene expression in E. coli, 2220

Direct countingAnopore and Nuclepore compared, 529sediment bacteria, 1214

Direct plating mediaL. monocytogenes enumeration, 1645

DisinfectionC. parvum oocysts, 1519drinking water, 2230drinking water chloramination, 3226flowing water, 2949L. pneumophila in water, 3045P. aeruginosa resistance, 2036surgical scrubs, 2944testing with Pseudomonas pellicle, 511

Dispersionmicrobial droplet transport, 2349

Dissimilatory nitrate reductasesdenitrifying bacteria, 2924P. acnes, 2899

Dissolved metalsmicrobial biofilm interactions, 1250

DiversityB. thuringiensis, 2437Frankia strains from bayberry, 2155R. leguminosarum serogroups, 109Sonoran Desert rhizobia, 3058

DNAaromatic hydrocarbon utilization, 1523B. cereus transformation, 1649binding by freshwater bacteria, 2798expression in K88 pili, 984fate in model environments, 771L. lactis plasmid DNA integration, 394P. alcaligenes DNA in P. putida, 1037plasmid DNA of P. putida, 1037release by engineered bacteria, 1865superhelicity in a Bradyrhizobium strain,

1420turnover in freshwater environments,

1823uptake by freshwater bacteria, 2798

DNA gyraseB. japonicum Hupc mutants, 1157

DNA probesbacteria in aquatic environments, 788engineered-DNA detection, 3022enterobacteria, 3250G. graminis, 284hybridization with whole-community ge-

nome, 1574lactobacilli, 461Listeria strains, 902nuclear polyhedrosis virus, 2749phage-transduced bacteria, 661

DNA-DNA homologyL. lactis strains, 2410

DormancyE. coli survival in water, 246

Dot-immunobinding assayT. ferrooxidans detection, 2025

Dot-immunoblot assayfungi on roots, 761

Doughbaker's yeast cryotolerance, 2453

Drinking waterC. parvum oocysts, 1519chlorination, 29coliform bacterium detection, 507coliform determination, 3091coliforms exposed to ozone, 33detection of acinetobacters, 2214detection of coliforms, 1003disinfection, 2230dissolved organic carbon, 2732E. cloacae and chloramination, 3226Giardia cyst viability, 1223injured E. coli survival, 1298isolation of Aeromonas spp., 2138pigmented bacteria, 912virucidal agent potentiation, 390

Dropletsmicrobial dispersion, 2349

Drosophila mojavensisecology, 100

Ectomycorrhizal fungihydrolyase production, 2511

Edge detectorsbiomass determination, 2762

Edwardsiella ictaluriplasmid homologies, 3253

Egg white lysozymeeffect on L. monocytogenes, 631

Electrode systemmicrobial enumeration in water, 2082

Electron microscopydisinfectant testing, 511

ElectroporationB. cereus, 1649E. coli-C. perfringens shuttle vector, 360L. lactis subsp. cremoris, 3119L. lactis subsp. lactis, 604, 2621L. paramesenteroides, 1483L. plantarum, 2095S. cerevisiae, 2242

Emulsancrude oil biodegradation, 36

Endo-1,4-0-D-glucanasegene cloning and expression, 2399

Endo-(1 ,3)-p-D-glucanaseT. longibrachiatum, 177

Endo-p-N-acetylglucosaminidaseisolation and purification, 3107

Endoglucanaseexpression in C. thermocellum, 2095expression in L. plantarum, 2130intergeneric protoplast fusion hybrid,

2675Endoglucanase A

inducible secretion by B. subtilis, 2739Endoglucanase C

C. fimi, 2480Endotoxins

delta-endotoxin gene expression, 446organic dust toxic syndrome, 1093

Enrichment conditionschloroaromatic compound degradation,

1466Enteric microorganisms

antibiotic resistance, 2287detection in water, 3189seasonal distribution, 1591

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

SUBJECT INDEX xiii

starvation-survival in seawater, 2017Enterobacter cloacae

enumeration after chloramine exposure,3226

hexavalent chromium reduction, 1665Enterobacteria

oligonucleotide probes, 3250Enterotoxins

detection, 2141S. aureus, 1447

Enterovirusesisolation from sewage, 503isolation from treated effluents, 503

Enumerationanaerobes on forages, 1766anaerobic bacteria in pigs, 1112Anopore and Nuclepore compared, 529bacteria in food, 778coliforms exposed to ozone, 33E. cloacae after chloramine exposure,

3226fecal coliforms in water, 1504L. monocytogenes in foods, 1645microbes in polluted water, 2082microorganisms from refuse, 50ruminal bacteria, 2789ruminal microorganisms, 3237S. viridis, 2669sediment bacteria, 1214T. ferrooxidans, 2025total coliforms, 2443

Enzyme immunoassaymacrolide antibiotics, 1507

Enzyme-capture assaysE. coli detection, 229

Enzyme-gold complexespolysaccharide localization in wood, 2293

Enzymesacetic acid production, 171anaerobic ruminal fungi, 1066B. japonicum bacteroids, 165culture condition effects, 689P-glucosidase gene cloning, 3173lignocellulose degradation, 1165metabolite level effects, 689methanogenesis, 2123novel E. coli amidases, 2550, 2556P. stutzeri denitrification, 1670polyphosphate degradation, 219polysaccharidase gene cloning, 1230release by L. lactis, 3101S. cerevisiae Crabtree effect, 468S. cerevisiae fermentation, 1312styrene metabolism, 2850vegetable spoilage, 1677

Epifluorescence microscopybiomass determination, 2762

Epitheliumlactobacillus DNA probes, 461

Equus burchelli antiquorummicrobial community of helminths, 1178

Erwinia carotovoragenetically engineered strains, 1477

Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorumDNA transfer frequency improvement,

934transposon mutagenesis, 934

Erwinia spp.gene expression in E. coli, 2220

Escherichia coliadsorption of clays, 2976air separation system for cultivation,

1305

ampicillin resistance gene, 2056B. circulans gene expression, 568B. fibrisolvens xylB expression, 306B. polymyxa gene cloning, 3173B. ruminicola xylanase gene expression,

893Bacillus xylanase gene expression, 1192C. perfringens-E. coli shuttle vector, 360cellodextrinase gene expression, 132cultivation, 1305depuration by mussels, 1386detection in water, 10032',3'-dideoxynucleoside production, 419drinking water analysis, 3091endoglucanase gene expression, 2399Erwinia gene expression, 2220ethanol production, 1943fed-batch fermentative culture, 1305,-D-glucuronidase negativity, 335H+ ionophore effect, 1040halotolerance, 1040hand-washing agent efficacy, 3113heavy metal binding, 2976light and dormancy, 246P-mannanase gene expression, 31784-methylumbelliferyl heptanoate hydro-

lase, 2424penicillin amidase efficiency, 2556penicillin amidase mutants, 2550penicillin G acylase gene expression,

1351plasmid transfer to R. fredii, 1730rapid detection in oysters, 229starvation-survival in seawater, 2017survival in a rain forest, 495survival in fresh water, 246survival of injured cells, 1298[14C]trehalose synthesis, 2414trichloroethylene degradation, 3162tryptophan synthase a-subunits, 1106

EsteraseX. maltophilia, 233

Esterssynthesis by P. pomaceus, 1981

Estuariesbacterioplankton regulation, 1512copper toxicity, 43methylotrophic methanogen, 994polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degra-

dation, 1391Ethanol

inhibition of C. shehatae, 2152methanogenesis, 440production by A. woodii, 1835production by E. coli, 1943substrate for A. woodii, 1835

Ethanolic fermentationC. thermocellum, 3131K. pneumoniae, 1169P. tannophilus, 2871, 2877regulation in S. cerevisiae, 1312yeast growth inhibition, 21

Ethylene biosynthesisnitrogenase activity, 354

Ethylene oxideforage sterilization, 1766

Eurasian water milfoilcolonization by fungi, 2326

Exopolysaccharidefluorescent pseudomonads, 579R. fredii, 813, 1852Synechocystis mutants, 1452

Expression vectorsL. lactis subsp. lactis, 224

F5231microbial transformation, 1220

Farmer's lungS. viridis enumeration, 2669

Fatty acidsluminal fermentation kinetics, 2460S. sucromutans, 927V. vulnificus, 2837

Fecal bacteriaC. innocuum dehydrogenase, 1656streptococcus monitoring, 2041

Fecal coliformsantibiotic resistance, 2287detection in water, 907,B-D-glucuronidase-negative E. coli, 335quantitation in water, 1504

Fecal floraelderly persons in Japan, 1100ruminal fungal development, 2360

Fed-batch fermentationE. coli, 1305

Fermentationbetaine, 965cellulose, 203, 207cellulosic substrates, 3131E. coli cultivation, 1305fungal growth estimation, 1044glucose in sediments, 3234hardwood and Avicel, 3131K. pneumoniae, 1169kinetics in pig lumen, 2460L. oenos mutants, 751population dynamics, 539rumen, IS. cerevisiae, 953xylose, 1974yeast growth inhibition, 21yeast hull effect, 1560

Fermentation productsanaerobic ruminal fungi, 1066

Fermentorschloroperoxidase production, 17

Ferrous ironoxidation at low temperatures, 312oxidation by T. ferrooxidans, 1117, 2588

Ferulic acidmetabolism by micromycetes, 2391

Fibrobacter succinogenesadhesion to cellulose, 3039

FiltrationAnopore and Nuclepore compared, 529

Fischer 344 ratsresponse to toxin, 2098

Fishantivibriosis vaccine, 1400bacterial colonization of eggs, 1435E. ictaluri detection, 3253V. anguillarum identification, 1907V. anguillarum vibriosis, 826V. salmonicida in sediments, 2815V. salmonicida virulence, 819Vibrio spp. and salinity, 1775

Fixativeseffects on planktonic protozoa, 1761

FlagellaM. hungatei, 1414M. thermolithotrophicus, 1414

Flavobacterium spp.pentachlorophenol degradation, 2113

VOL . 55, 1989

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

FlavonoidsC-ring cleavage by bacteria, 1203

Fluid drillingB. japonicum survival, 617

Fluid gelsB. japonicum survival, 617

Fluoranthene-utilizing bacteriacreosote degradation, 3085

Fluorescent pseudomonadsexopolysaccharides, 579poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate synthesis, 1949

Fluorescently labeled bacteriabacterial production estimation, 1787protozoan grazing estimation, 1787

Fluorideindustrial waste nitrification, 240

4-Fluorobenzoatenew degradation pathway, 2499

3-Fluoro-substituted benzenesdefluorination by a Pseudomonas sp.,

3305-Fluorouracil

metabolism by N. haematococca, 2474Food

bacterial adhesion to meat, 1531botulism toxin inhibition, 2226enumeration of bacteria, 778L. monocytogenes enumeration, 1645L. monocytogenes inhibition, 2802L. monocytogenes probe, 2251Listeria sp. detection, 599, 1925modified-atmosphere packaging, 3012preservation with lysozyme, 631

Foragebiodegradation by bacteria, 2247enumeration of anaerobes, 1766sterilization, 1766

Formaldehydeproduction from methanol, 3124

Formatediffusion in methanogenic ecosystems,

1735oxidation by A. putrefaciens, 700

Fractured rockbacteriophage transport, 2061

Frankia spp.characteristics of bayberry isolates, 2161diversity of bayberry isolates, 2155

Free chlorinevirucidal effectiveness, 390

FreezingP. syringae survival, 1690

Freon 11volatile-metabolite extraction, 1617

Fresh produceListeria spp., 1925

Fresh waterDNA turnover, 1823E. coli survival, 246Giardia cyst viability, 1223picoplankton nutrient limitation, 1605toxigenic vibrios, 2613

Freshwater bacteriacellular DNA-binding sites, 2798T-2 toxin biotransformation, 190

Frozen foodsbaker's yeast cryotolerance, 2453enumeration of bacteria, 778

Fukuyama coastal watersseasonal distribution of pathogens, 1591

FumarateC. glutamicum lysine formation, 684

Fumarate reductaseM. thermoautotrophicum, 856

Fungianaerobic ruminal fungi, 1066aquatic plant colonization, 2326cultivation by ants, 1346damping-off suppression, 2793organic dust toxic syndrome, 1093ozone and SO2 effects, 412salt stress, 1635

2-Furoic aciddegradation by P. putida, 1829

Furunculosisvaccine, 1400

Fusarin Cmetal effect on biosynthesis, 649production by F. moniliforme, 2745

Fusarium equisetifusarochromanone biosynthesis, 794fusarochromanone in feed, 3184

Fusarium graminearumtrichothecene production variation, 1315

Fusarium moniliformefusarin C biosynthesis, 649fusarin C production, 2745metal effect on growth, 649

Fusarium oxysporummycotoxin production, 254

Fusarium sambucinumtrichodiene synthetase regulation, 1500

Fusarium sporotrichioidesmycotoxin production, 254trichodiene synthetase regulation, 1500trichothecenes in liquid culture, 2190trichothecenes in solid culture, 2195

Fusarium spp.deoxynivalenol production, 2619

Fusarochromanonebiosynthesis, 794occurrence in cereal feed, 3184

Fusobacterium spp.A2. and A3-cholenoic acids, 2954

G4toluene catabolism, 1624

Gadus morhua L.bacterial colonization of eggs, 1435

Gaeumannomyces graminisDNA probe, 284identification, 284

P-Galactosidasedetection, 3240

Gambierdiscus toxicusbacterial flora, 137growth and toxicity, 137

Gamma radiationaflatoxin B1 inactivation, 465

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometrynitrate reduction measurement, 2861

Gas vacuolate bacteriaisolation from Antarctic sea ice, 1033

Gastrointestinal microorganismsluminal fermentation kinetics, 2460porcine intestine colonization, 279

Gelatinconversion to methane, 366

Gene transferE. carotovora, 934L. lactis subsp. lactis, 1769

Genetic complementationP. chrysosporium, 406

Genetic transformationA. flavus, 86B. cereus, 1649B. polymyxa, 2517C. perfringens, 360E. carotovora, 1477improved electroporation efficiency,

2621L. lactis subsp. cremoris, 3119L. lactis subsp. lactis, 604, 1769L. paramesenteroides, 1483marine bacteria, 1865P. chrysosporium, 406P. mirabilis L forms, 1009Pseudomonas growth effects, 3243S. cerevisiae, 2242X. nematophilus, 806

Genetically engineered microorganismsaerial dispersal model, 2641detection in lake water, 2537DNA detection in soil, 3022fate and ecological impact, 198fate in model environments, 771fate in soil, 1730monitoring, 1301nucleic acid production, 1865P. putida survival, 2627survival in activated sludge, 2627

Genotype3-chlorobenzoate catabolism, 1584methanol dehydrogenase, 3124

Germfree miceB. thetaiotaomicron, 2572

Giardia lambliacyst inactivation by chlorine, 2592

Giardia muriscyst viability in water, 1223

Giardia spp.cyst detection in water, 3189

Gibberella fujikuroiimmobilized mycelia, 2377

Gibberella pulicaristrichodiene synthetase regulation, 1500

Gigaspora margaritagrowth stimulation, 2320

Gliding bacteriacolonization of oysters, 1128

P(I-3, 1-4)GlucanaseR. flavefaciens gene cloning, 1230

Glucosecompetition by yeasts, 3214growth of strain PA-1, 1289metabolism by treponemes, 2365oxidation in sediments, 3234

,8-Glucose- I-phosphateL. lactis, 1549

P-Glucosidasegene cloning, 3173

P-D-GlucuronidaseE. coli in human fecal samples, 335

Glufosinatedegradation in soil, 711

Glycerolproduction from lactose, 573

GlycineL. lactis transformation, 3119

Glycine maxnodulation by B. japonicum, 1957

Glycolytic fluxregulation in S. cerevisiae, 1312

Gram-negative bacteriaantibiotic resistance, 2287corky root of lettuce, 2635

xiv SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xv

2,2'-diaminopimelic acid metabolism,212

parathion hydrolases, 289thermoregulated plasmid marker system,

771X. maltophilia esterase, 233

Gram-positive bacteria2,2'-diaminopimelic acid metabolism,

212Groundwater

detection of acinetobacters, 2214Groundwater microcosms

nitrate reduction, 2861Growth

bacteria in situ, 78Growth rateamine production, 2894control in adherent bacteria, 1308D. aesta, 1755effect on starvation-survival, 1122

Guaymas basinmicrobial hydrocarbon utilization, 2832

Gut floracontinuous culture, 672significance in proteolysis, 679

Gymnodinium sp.relationship with its prey, 2990

Gypsy mothnuclear polyhedrosis virus, 1049, 2749

GyraseB. japonicum Hupc mutants, 1157, 2843

Halibutbacterial colonization of eggs, 1435

Halobenzoatesdehalogenation, 2773

Halophilic microorganismsmetal tolerance, 2385

Halotolerant microorganismsE. coli, 1040

Hand disinfectionsurgical scrubs, 2944

Hand-washing agentsefficacy, 3113

Haploidsbaker's yeast, 1742

Hardwood kraft pulpbrightening by C. versicolor, 1147

HayNeocallimastix sp. growth, 1363

Heat injuryL. monocytogenes recovery, 1490

Heat-treated foodsenumeration of bacteria, 778

Heavy metalsadaptation of bacterial communities,

2002bacterial sorption, 3143binding by B. subtilis, 2976binding by E. coli, 2976citrate decomposition, 1375F. moniliforme growth, 649fusarin C biosynthesis, 649selenium volatilization, 1406Streptomyces spp. tolerance, 2030tolerance in eubacteria, 2385

Helminthsmicrobial community, 1178

Hemagglutinationnon-O1 V. cholerae, 2403

Hemicellulosedigestion by bacteria, 2247

HemoglobinP. andersonii nodules, 2046

Hen egg white lysozymeexpression in L. lactis subsp. lactis, 224

HepatotoxinsN. spumigena, 1990

HerbicidesF5231 transformation, 1220metolachlor metabolism, 733

Heterotrophic nitrificationA. faecalis, 2068

Hexavalent chromiumreduction by E. cloacae, 1665

Hippoglossus hippoglossusbacterial colonization of eggs, 1435

Hitra diseaseV. salmonicida virulence, 819

HormogoniaNostoc spp., 125

Host restrictionR. meliloti, 3229

hsplocalization, cloning, and expression,

1684Human fecal samples

P-D-glucuronidase-negative E. coli, 335Humic acids

biodegradation, 1282, 2843Humus

formation, 922hup

B. japonicum, 3051Hydrocarbons

microbial utilization, 2832Hydrogen

diffusion in methanogenic ecosystems,1735

M. barkeri temperature compensation,1262

oxidation by A. putrefaciens, 700Hydrogen peroxide

aflatoxin B1 inactivation, 465production by A. nidulans, 483pseudomonad response, 2985

Hydrogen sulfideremoval from air, 555

HydrogenaseAzospirillum spp., 2315B. japonicum, 3051methanogenesis, 2123synthesis by B. japonicum, 1157

Hydrolyasesproduction by C. graniforme, 2511

Hydrophobicityadhesion to soil particles, 142surface-active C. albicans, 2119

Hydroxamic acidsA. chroococcum B-8, 298

Hydroxybenzoate isomersmetabolism in aquifer slurries, 590

5-Hydroxyflavonemicrobial metabolism, 3140

Hydroxylated biphenylsbacterial metabolism, 946

Hydroxylation5-hydroxyflavone, 31403-methoxy-17,-estradiol, 3029phenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol, 2648tetrachlorohydroquinone, 516

3P-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenasepurification and characterization, 1656

Hypersensitive responsetobacco cells, 1724

Ice nucleationP. syringae on oat seedlings, 1690P. syringae on snap beans, 623

Identificationantarctic Pseudomonas spp., 767enterobacteria, 3250Frankia strains, 2161G. graminis, 284heme and copper nitrate reductases,

2924L. pneumophila, 1640lactic acid bacteria, 1617Rhizobium isolates, 520, 707V. anguillarum, 1907xenobiotic-degrading pseudomonads,

1578Immobilized cells

acid production, 185G. fujikuroi mycelia, 2377pentachlorophenol degradation, 2113p-cresol degradation, 866sugar utilization, 185

ImmunoblottingL. pneumophila detection, 1640Rhizobium strain identification, 520

Immunocytochemical labelingextracellular enzyme detection, 1457

Immunoelectron microscopyX. maltophilia esterase, 233

Immunofluorescence techniquesenteric protozoan detection, 3189

Immuno-gold labelinglignin peroxidase localization, 871

Inactivationaflatoxin B1, 465L. pneumophila in water, 3045

Indicator organismsAutoanalysis Colilert test, 2443bacteriophages in the environment, 26%disinfection in water, 2230fecal streptococci, 2041inactivation by ozone, 2949metal-tolerant eubacteria, 2385pigmented bacteria, 912total heterotrophic and coliform bacte-

ria, 380Indigenous bacteria

effects of genetically engineered strains,1477

Indirect immunofluorescencerotaviruses in wastewater concentrates,

401Inducible secretion

cellulase and B. subtilis, 2739Industrial waste

extraction of zinc, 1153nitrification, 240

Injured microorganismsA. hydrophila, 3012enterotoxigenic E. coli, 1298enumeration in food, 778L. monocytogenes recovery, 1490

Inoculadiallel analysis, 1599

InoculantsB. japonicum, 2493Rhizobium spp., 862Rhizobium strain identification, 520

Insecticidal protein geneexpression in Bacillus spp., 3208

Insectscarriers of bacteria, 2200

VOL. 55, 1989

xvi SUBJECT INDEX

Interference reflection microscopypolymer physicochemical properties,

2827Interspecies electron carriers

diffusion in methanogenic ecosystems,1735

Intestinal microorganismsamine production, 2894B. thetaiotaomicron competitiveness,

2572bile acid-desulfating bacterium, 2954continuous culture, 672dissimilatory nitrate metabolism, 2899enumeration in pigs, 1112flavonoid C-ring cleavage, 1203increase in aging rats, 2468microbial community in parasitic helm-

inths, 1178polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage

solution effect, 1026significance in proteolysis, 679

lonophoresE. coli halotolerance, 1040ruminal fermentation, 1

Ironbinding by basidiomycetes, 2720F. moniliforme growth, 649oxidation at low temperatures, 312oxidation by T. ferrooxidans, 1117, 2588reduction by A. putrefaciens, 700reduction in sediments, 3234

Isolation proceduresAeromonas spp. from water, 2138antarctic Pseudomonas spp., 767ant-garden fungus, 1346chromium-reducing E. cloacae, 1665endo-o-N-acetylglucosaminidase, 3107enterovirus, 503Microcystis spp., 2569nucleic acids, 548phenol-degrading B. stearothermophilus,

500quinoline-degrading bacteria, 1029reovirus, 503Salmonella spp., 3032V. vulnificus, 3072X. maltophilia, 747

Isoquinolineaerobic degradation, 3247

Isotopesfractionation by sulfur bacteria, 639

Italian ryegrass hayNeocallimastix sp. growth, 1363

K88 piliexpression of foreign DNA sequences,

984Kanagawa phenomenon

V. parahaemolyticus growth, 1877Killer toxinsK. lactis, 695S. cerevisiae, 2105

Kineticsacetate utilization, 488p-cresol degradation, 866denitrifying bacteria, 717nitrate utilization, 7170. terebriformis motility, 261pig luminal fermentation, 2460polymer protein degradation, 1963pyrite oxidation, 29181,1, l-trichloroethane transformation, 845

D-xylose fermentation, 1169xylose uptake, 159

Klebsiella pneumoniaeD-xylose fermentation, 1169

Klebsiella spp.citrate decomposition, 1375

Kluyveromyces fragilislactose conversion to glycerol, 573

Kluyveromyces lactiskiller toxin, 695

Kmmeasurement in methanogenic ecosys-

tems, 1735

L formsP. mirabilis, 1009

P-Lactamasegene cloning in E. coli, 2056

Lactic acid bacteriabacteriocin gene cloning, 1187volatile-metabolite extraction, 1617

Lactobacilliamine production in cheese, 2356detection, 461detection in cheese, 2356growth in cheese, 2356murine intestinal tract, 1848plasmid DNA probes, 461porcine intestine colonization, 279

Lactobacillus acidophilusbacteriophage 4adh, 2206plasmid transduction, 2206

Lactobacillus bulgaricusaminopeptidase-deficient mutants, 1717

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricusacid production, 185immobilized cells, 185sugar utilization, 185

Lactobacillus helveticus subsp. jugurticryptic plasmid, 1653nucleotide sequence, 1653

Lactobacillus plantarumendoglucanase gene transfer, 2095gene integration and expression, 2130

Lactobacillus sakeantibacterial activity, 1901

Lactobacillus spp.crystal production on cheese, 2579differential medium, 11

Lactococcibacteriophage resistance, 1537, 2416

Lactococcus lactisbacteriophage sensitivity, 2410DNA-DNA homology, 2410P-glucose-l-phosphate, 1549polysaccharide formation, 1549

Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremorisaminopeptidase, 2308proteinase release, 3101transformation by electroporation, 3119

Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactisacid production, 185electroporation, 604foreign gene insertion, 1769genetic transformation, 604hen egg white lysozyme expression, 224immobilized cells, 185improved electroporation efficiency,

2621peptide utilization, 2690plasmid DNA integration, 394reduced phage sensitivity, 2702

sugar utilization, 185Lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-H202 system

L. monocytogenes inhibition, 2802Lactose

conversion to glycerol, 573Lake Vechten

bacterial production, 1787nitrate measurement in sediments, 754protozoan grazing, 1787

Lake waterGiardia cyst viability, 1223

Lakesnitrate measurement in sediments, 754

Lambda PL and PR promotersdifferential regulation, 771

LaminarinaseT. longibrachiatum, 177

Landfillsmicroorganism enumeration, 50refuse decomposition, 55

Lasalocidruminal fermentation, IS. bovis proton conductance, 259

Leachingpyrite oxidation, 2918zinc extraction from waste, 1153

Leaf wettabilityPseudomonas spp., 1340

Legionella pneumophiladetection, 1640identification, 1640inactivation by copper and silver, 3045

Legumesepiphytic rhizobia, 2407

Leptosphaeria maculanssirodesmin PL activity, 1555

Leuconostoc oenosbiomass production, 2488malolactic fermentation evaluation, 2010malolactic fermentation mutants, 751

Leuconostoc paramesenteroidesplasmid transformation, 1483

LightA. nidulans H202 production, 483E. coli survival in water, 246profiles in cyanobacteria, 822superoxide production, 7Synechococcus cell cycle, 425

Light section microscopypolymer physicochemical properties,

2827Lignified stem tissues

physical degradation, 611Lignin

degradation, 922degradation by actinomycetes, 1642modification by D. desulfuricans, 2262

Lignin peroxidasedetection in decayed wood, 1457localization in wood degradation, 871

Lignocellulosedegradation by streptomycetes, 1165

Lindanedehalogenation, 1258

Lipidscontent estimation in yeasts, 3009S. sucromutans growth, 927stuck fermentations, 1560

Lipomyces starkeyidextranase induction, 2079

Liposomesalkane metabolism, 269

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

SUBJECT INDEX xvii

Liquid chromatographycarotenoid profiling, 3065

Liquid cultureF. sporotrichioides, 2190

Listeria monocytogenesegg white lysozyme effect, 631enumeration in foods, 1645fate in refrigerated meat, 1565growth inhibition, 2802polypeptide gene cloning, 2251recovery from bovine milk, 1490

Listeria spp.detection, 599fresh market produce, 1925gene probe, 902

Listonella spp.Seto Inland Sea of Japan, 559

Lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam agar

Listeria sp. detection, 599Longevity

dietary fiber, 1100Ludox gradient centrifugationB. thuringiensis protein crystals, 1279

Lymantria disparnuclear polyhedrosis virus, 1049, 2749

Lyme diseasebirds as reservoirs, 1921

Lysineformation by C. glutamicum, 684

LysogenyL. acidophilus ADH, 2206

Lysozymeeffect on L. monocytogenes, 631

Macrolide antibioticsenzyme immunoassay, 1507

Magnesiumcitrate decomposition, 1375

Maizenitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1748

Malodorous compoundsremoval from air, 555

Malolactic fermentationL. oenos from Oregon wines, 2010L. oenos mutants, 751

Maltoseassimilation by L. lactis, 1549

Manganesebinding by deep-sea bacteria, 764F. moniliforme growth, 649reduction by A. putrefaciens, 700

,-Mannanasesexpression in E. coli, 3178

[14C]Mannitolfecal coliform detection, 907

Marine Caulobacter strainsmercuric reductase, 523

Marine dinoflagellatesbacterial flora, 137growth and toxicity, 137

Marine environmentbacterial thymidine uptake, 1267D. aesta growth rate, 1755gas vacuolate bacteria, 1033growth rate and starvation effects, 2710planktonic protozoa, 1761seasonal distribution of pathogens, 1591starvation-survival and growth rate, 1122Synechococcus chemotaxis, 1888Trichodesmium N2 fixation, 2%5V. salmonicida in sediments, 2815

Maryland soilsFree-living amoebae, 1074

Mass spectrometryenzymes and methanogenesis, 2123

Meatantibacterial L. sake, 1901bacterial adhesion, 1531bacterial attachment, 832nisin and bacterial growth, 1329refrigeration and L. monocytogenes,

1565MediaA. xylinum, 1317agarose soy casein digest medium, 106amine detection in cheese, 2356automated dispensing, 1320blood agar, 106C. cylindrosporum, 1380cadmium resistance screening, 2101chrome azurol S agar, 707differentiation of Rhizobium isolates, 707fecal streptococcus monitoring, 2041L. lactis transformation, 3119L. monocytogenes enumeration, 1645L. oenos mutants, 751Lactobacillus spp., 11Listeria sp. detection, 599Microcystis spp., 2569Morchella sclerotium formation, 3095P. aeruginosa selection, 3231Pasteurella vaccine potency, 106Rhizoctonia damping-off, 1368robotics for dispensing, 1320rumen fluid residue, 3237S. viridis recovery, 2669Salmonella spp. isolation, 3032spore germination, 1380trichothecene accumulation, 2190, 2195uric acid, 1380V. parahaemolyticus growth, 1877V. vulnificus recovery, 3072whey permeate, 185X. maltophilia isolation, 747

Megasphaera elsdeniimetabolism and characteristics, 1570

MelanizationA. chroococcum aeroadaptation, 1811

Membrane filtrationAnopore and Nuclepore compared, 529comparison with presence-absence, 507,

3091Membrane fluidity

C. acetobutylicum, 2729Membrane immunoassay

L. pneumophila detection, 1640Membranes

alkane metabolism, 269toxin binding, 2779V. vulnificus virulence, 2837X. maltophilia esterase, 233yeast preservative resistance, 2995

merdetection, 1574

mer(Tn2l)microbial adaptation to Hg2+, 1196

Mercuric reductaseCaulobacter strains, 523

Mercurygenes that encode microbial responses,

1574mer(Tn2l) and microbial adaptation,

1196microbial adaptation, 1196

volatilization by Caulobacter strains, 523Metabolism

branched-chain amino acids, 2658carbohydrates, 294correlation with biosurfactant produc-

tion, 3016ferulic acid, 2391flavonoids, 12035-fluorouracil, 2474hydroxybenzoate isomers, 5905-hydroxyflavone, 3140M. elsdenii, 15703-methoxy-173-estradiol, 3029metolachlor, 733peptides in the rumen, 2372phenanthrene, 2275poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), 2932polyphosphate, 2932solid alkanes, 269styrene, 28502,6-xylenol, 2904D-xylose, 2871

Metabolite levelsP-amylase production, 689

Metabolitesextraction from lactic acid bacteria, 1617

Metalaxyltransformation, 66

Metalslindane dehalogenation, 1258microbial biofilm interactions, 1250

Metal-working fluidsmicrobial growth, 2681

Methaneproduction from gelatin, 366

Methane monooxygenaseM. trichosporium, 2819

Methanethiolremoval from air, 555

Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicumanabolic fumarate reductase, 856

Methanococcus thermolithotrophicusflagella, 1414

Methanococcus voltaeamino acid excretion, 1295

Methanogenesisdiffusion of electron carriers, 1735enzymes and their roles, 2123ethanol as substrate, 440pig luminal fermentation, 2460

Methanogensacetate catabolism, 514acetate production, 2257acetate utilization kinetics, 488colons of aging rats, 2468dimethyl sulfide utilization, 994enumeration, 50population shifts in bioreactors, 1996refuse decomposition, 55

Methanoloxidation by methylotrophs, 3124

Methanosarcina barkeribatch growth, 940coenzyme F420 analogs, 940enzymes and methanogenesis, 2123gelatin conversion to methane, 366temperature compensation, 1262

Methanosarcina mazeibatch growth, 940coenzyme F420 analogs, 940

Methanosarcina spp.acetate utilization kinetics, 488

VOL. 55, 1989

xviii SUBJECT INDEX

Methanospirillum hungateichemotaxis, 264flagella, 1414

Methanothrix spp.acetate utilization kinetics, 488

3-Methoxy-17,-estradiolhydroxylation and dealkylation, 3029

Methylosinus trichosporiumchlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon degra-

dation, 2819trichloroethylene degradation, 3155

Methylotrophsmethanol oxidation, 3124

O-Methyltransferasesaflatoxin biosynthesis, 2172

4-Methylumbelliferyl heptanoate hydrolaseproduction by E. coli, 2424

Metolachlorsorption and metabolism, 733

Microbial densityestimation from dilution counts, 1934

Microbial movementsubsurface materials, 2280

Microcetus lappusoccurrence, 91population fluctuations, 91

Microcolony epifluorescence microscopybacteria in food, 778

Microcystinsantibodies, 1928

Microcystis spp.medium for growth, 2569toxicity, 3202toxin purification, 3202

Microelectrodesnitrate gradient measurements, 754

Microorganism-root interactionsstyrofoam cup-membrane study, 1291

Microsensorsdenitrification in sediments, 1234

Microzonationdenitrification in sediments, 1234

Migrating birdsLyme disease reservoirs, 1921

MigrationB. japonicum, 1711

MilkB. cereus toxin production, 2595L. monocytogenes inhibition, 2802L. monocytogenes recovery, 1490

Mixed culture2,4-D degradation, 2717fungal growth estimation, 1044

Modified Vogel Johnson agarListeria sp. detection, 599

Modified-atmosphere packagingA. hydrophila growth, 3012

Molybdenum2-furoic acid degradation, 1829

Monensinruminal fermentation, Iruminal fungal development, 2360sensitive ruminal bacteria, 1052

Monocentric ruminal fungifermentation products and enzymes,

1066Monooxygenation

toluene catabolism, 1624Monoxenic hairless mice

antiseptic standardization, 1911Moraxella spp.

protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, 340

Morchella crassipessclerotium formation, 3095

Morel fruiting bodiessclerotium formation, 3095

Mosquitocidal toxin genesA. quadruplicatum expression, 2428expression in B. subtilis, 252

Most-probable-number techniqueP. betae detection, 1273ruminal bacterium counting, 2789

Motilityaeromonads, 543B. japonicum competitiveness, 1895M. hungatei, 2640. terebriformis, 261

Movementsubsurface bacteria, 2280

mspL. monocytogenes probe, 2251

Mucuna prurienstemperature and aflatoxin production,

531Municipal waste

biodegradation potential, 433methane production, 366

Murine intestinal tractbile salt hydrolase, 1848lactobacilli, 1848

Musselsdepuration, 1386

MyceliaG. fujikuroi, 2377

Mycelial pelletschloroperoxidase production, 17

Mycobacterium spp.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degra-

dation, 1968Mycoplasmas

pH-controlled cultivation, 852Mycotoxins

biotransformation, 190F. oxysporum, 254F. sporotrichioides, 254fusarin C, 2745fusarochromanone, 794, 3184TDP-2, 794

Myrica pensylvanicacharacteristics of Frankia strains, 2161diversity of Frankia strains, 2155

Myriophyllum spicatum L.colonization by fungi, 2326

Mytilus edulisdepuration, 1386

NADH recyclingT. hyodysenteriae, 2365

Naegleria fowleridensity and distribution, 722thermal addition effects, 722

Naphthalenebiotransformation, 1391

Nectria haematococca5-fluorouracil metabolism, 2474

Neocallimastix frontalisxylanase production, 1016

Neocallimastix spp.growth on ryegrass hay, 1363

Neurotoxinsformation regulation, 1544

Neutral sugarsNeocallimastix sp. growth, 1363

Nickeleffects on P. saccharophila, 3197transport by A. kivui, 1078

nifHamplification in T. thiebautii, 2522

Nisinbacteria attached to meat, 1329

Nitrateammonification in sediment, 1841measurement in sediments, 754reduction by P. acnes, 2899reduction in groundwater microcosm,

2861utilization kinetics, 717

NitrificationA. faecalis, 2068concentrated industrial waste, 240

Nitrilotriacetatecadmium resistance screening, 2101

3-Nitrobenzenesulfonatebacterial carbon source, 492

Nitrogencytoplasmic pools and salt stress, 1635

Nitrogen fixationB. japonicum and soybeans, 1711bacteria on maize roots, 1748cyanobacteria, 758, 882improvement of Rhizobium inoculants,

862P. saccharophila, 3197profiles in cyanobacteria, 882T. thiebautii nipH gene, 2522Trichodesmium aggregates, 2965

Nitrogenaseestimation in ethylene biosynthesis, 354Trichodesmium aggregates, 2965

Nitrosovibrio spp.ammonia oxidation, 2108

nodexpression in soil bacteria, 1426

Nodularia spumigenaoccurrence in the Baltic Sea, 1990toxin structure, 1990

NodulationB. japonicum, 1711, 1895, 2493Bradyrhizobium strains, 1242, 1957,

2532, 3000Parasponia andersonii, 1242, 2046R. leguminosarum strains, 2755R. meliloti and stress, 2431

Nodulation genesexpression in soil bacteria, 1426

Nostoc spp.hormogonia formation, 125

Nuclear magnetic resonanceC. tropicalis xylose fermentation, 19745-fluorouracil metabolism, 2474PHB and polyphosphate metabolism,

2932yeast lipid estimation, 3009

Nuclear polyhedrosis virusdetection in moth larvae, 2749potential effects on human health, 1916replication in cell lines, 1049

Nucleic acidsisolation from aquatic environs, 548production in aquatic environs, 1865

NucleotidesL. helveticus subsp. jugurti, 1653

Nuclepore polycarbonate membrane filtercomparison with Anopore, 529

Nutrient limitationE. coli, 2424

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

SUBJECT INDEX xix

picoplankton, 1605Nutrients

chlorination effectiveness, 29Nutritional assaysamine production, 2894D. aesta growth rate, 1755L. bulgaricus, 1717M. crassipes, 3095S. sucromutans, 927

O dealkylation3-methoxy-17p-estradiol, 3029

Oat plantsP. syringae survival, 1690

Octanoic acidyeast growth inhibition, 21

Oilbiodegradation, 36

Oncorhynchus mykiss"Cytophaga psychrophila" studies, 1796

OocystsC. parvum disinfection, 1519detection in water, 3189

Ophthalmic solutionsAcanthamoeba viability, 1144

Organic acid anionsS. wolfei growth and metabolism, 977

Organic dust toxic syndromebacteria, fungi, and endotoxin, 1093

Oscillatoria terebriformischemokinetic motility responses, 261

OsmoregulationE. coli starvation-survival, 2017R. meliloti, 2431

Ostreopsis lenticularisbacterial flora, 137growth and toxicity, 137

Outer membrane proteinsenterobacteria, 3250

OvalbuminA. protophormiae growth, 3107

Ovine rumenruminal fungi, 1695, 1703

Oxidationferrous iron, 312pyrite, 2918vanillin, 1660

Oxygenconsumption by ruminal

microorganisms, 2583production by cyanobacteria, 822

Oxygenasestrichloroethylene degradation, 2960

Oystersdetection of E. coli, 229V. cholerae agglutination, 2882V. vulnificus survival, 3072

Ozonecoliforms, 33disinfection of flowing water, 2949drinking water disinfection, 1519effects on phyllosphere fungi, 412

p9B4-6bacteriocin gene cloning, 1187

PA-1growth with glucose or succinate, 1289

Pachysolen tannophilusgenetics and biochemistry, 2871D-xylose metabolism, 2871D-xylose reductase mutant, 2877

Pacific oystersbacterial colonization, 1128

Paecilomyces variotiiferulic acid metabolism, 2391

pAJ1 106bacteriophage resistance, 1537

Parasponia andersoniihemoglobin in nodules, 2046nodulation by Bradyrhizobium spp., 1242root nodule bacteria, 2046

Parathion hydrolasepurification and characterization, 289

Partial oxygen pressureN2 fixation on maize roots, 1748

Pasteurella vaccinespotency determination, 106

pBR322bacterial carriers in cutworms, 2200

Pectate lyasesvegetable spoilage, 1677

Pectindigestion by bacteria, 2247

Pectin lyaseP. italicum, 1612

Pellicledisinfectant testing, 511

Penicillin amidaseE. coli, 2550, 2556

Penicillin G acylaseexpression of gene, 1351

Penicillium italicumpectin lyase production, 1612

Penicillium spp.zinc extraction from waste, 1153

Pentachlorophenolbiodegradation, 2113

Peptidesexpression in K88 pili, 984metabolism, 2372utilization by L. lactis, 2690

Peptostreptococcibranched-chain-amino-acid transport,

2658Peridroma saucia

pBR322-bearing bacteria, 2200PEROXONE

drinking water disinfection, 2230Pestalotia palmarum

ferulic acid metabolism, 2391pGBK17

reduced phage sensitivity, 2702pHamine production, 2894C. botulinum toxin production, 656L. oenos biomass production, 2488mycoplasma cultivation, 852R. meliloti maintenance, 1870

Phaffia rhodozymaastaxanthin content, 116

Phanerochaete chrysosporiumhumic acid degradation, 1282lignin peroxidase localization, 871polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degra-

dation, 154transformation by complementation, 406wood degradation, 871

Phaseolus vulgaris L.P. syringae diel variation, 623

Phellinus pomaceusanisole and ester biosynthesis, 1981

Phenanthrenebiotransformation, 1391metabolism by C. elegans, 2275

1,0O-PhenanthrolineP. aeruginosa selection, 3231

Phenoldegradation by B. stearothermophilus,

500hydroxylation by P. putida, 2648

Phenol hydroxylaseB. stearothermophilus, 500

Phenotype"Cytophaga psychrophila" from trout,

1796DNA superhelicity role, 1420Rbs+ L. lactis, 2410Sonoran Desert rhizobia, 3058switching in X. luminescens, 1136V. anguillarum plasmids, 826xylanase gene hyperexpression, 1192

2-Phenylethanolmetabolism, 2850

Phosphinothricindegradation in soil, 711

Phospholipid analysisbiomass determination in sediments,

2888Phospholipid fatty acids

bacteria that suppress damping-off, 1368Phosphotransbutyrylase

C. acetobutylicum acidogenesis, 317Photochemical degradationhumic acid-bound molecules, 2843

Photodiode array detectioncarotenoid profiling, 3065

Photosynthesisprofiles in cyanobacteria, 882

Phototrophic bacteriagrowth and viability, 78

Phycoerythrinnitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, 758

PhyllospherePseudomonas spp., 1340

Phyllosphere fungiozone and SO2 effects, 412

Phylogenetic analysisselective recovery of 16S rRNA, 1818

Physiological diversityaerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria,

1058Phytopathogens

corky root of lettuce, 2635P. syringae and apples, 533

Phytoplanktonnutrient limitation, 1605

Phytotoxinssirodesmin PL, 1555

Pichia heediixylose uptake, 159

Pichia stipitisxylose uptake, 159

Picoplanktonnutrient limitation, 1605

Pigmented bacteriapotable water, 912

Pigmentsastaxanthin, 116canthaxanthin production, 2505profiling and quantitation, 3065

Pigsantibiotic-resistant bacteria, 2287enumeration of anaerobic bacteria, 1112intestinal colonization by lactobacilli,

279luminal fermentation kinetics, 2460

VOL. 55, 1989

xx SUBJECT INDEX

Piliforeign DNA sequence expression, 984

Planktonic microorganismsmarine protozoa, 1761regulation in estuaries, 1512

Plant cell wallsdegradation by ruminal fungi, 1066Neocallimastix sp. growth, 1363

Plant pathogenscorky root of lettuce, 2635hydrogen peroxide resistance, 2985P. syringae and apples, 533Rhizoctonia damping-off, 1368, 2793

Plant-associated fluorescent pseudomonadsexopolysaccharides, 579

Plasmid profilesR. leguminosarum diversity, 109

Plasmidsantibiotic resistance, 2344aromatic hydrocarbon utilization, 1523B. polymyxa transformation, 2517bacterial starvation-survival, 1860bacteriocin plasmid gene cloning, 1187bacteriophage resistance, 1537chlorobenzene degradation, 1037DNA integration by L. lactis, 394E. coli to R. fredii, 1730E. ictaluri, 3253L. helveticus subsp. jugurti, 1653L. lactis peptide utilization, 2690L. paramesenteroides, 1483lactobacillus DNA probes, 461Pseudomonas growth effects, 3243pSS50 characteristics, 1286R. fredii exopolysaccharide production,

813R. fredii symbiotic effectiveness, 813S. ruminantium, 3035thermoregulated plasmid marker system,

771transduction in L. acidophilus, 2206V. anguillarum phenotypes, 826V. salmonicida virulence, 819

Plasticspoly-p-hydroxybutyrate, 1334, 2932

Plating efficiencyS. acidocaldarius, 3020

PleomorphismB. japonicum, 666

pMAH5,-mannanase gene in E. coli, 3178

Poliovirusesdepuration by mussels, 1386inactivation by ozone, 2949

Pollutantsbiodegradation, 1578detection of genes that encode microbial

responses, 1574interactions during degradation, 3221polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 154

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)metabolism by A. eutrophus, 2932

Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoatessynthesis by fluorescent pseudomonads,

1949Poly-p-hydroxyalkanoic acid

P. cepacia, 584Poly-p-hydroxybutyrate

production by A. vinelandii, 1334Polycentric ruminal fungi

fermentation products and enzymes,1066

Polychlorinated biphenylsadsorption-desorption, 3150degradation, 798

Polychlorophenolsdegradation, 516

Polyclonal antibodiesdenitrifying bacteria, 2924

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsdegradation, 154, 1391, 1968, 3085

Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solu-tion

effect on intestinal microflora, 1026Polymers

Aroclor 1254 adsorption, 3150PolymorphismX. luminescens, 1136

Polymyxa betaedetection in soil, 1273

Polyphosphateenzymatic degradation, 219metabolism by A. eutrophus, 2932

PolysaccharidesL. lactis, 1549localization in wood, 2293utilization by B. thetaiotaomicron, 2572

Polyurethanepentachlorophenol degradation, 2113

Polyvinyl alcohol degradationPseudomonas sp. strain VM1SC, 275

Population dynamicsintestinal bacteria, 672M. lappus, 91methanogens in bioreactors, 1996P. syringae diel variation, 623wine fermentation, 539

Population ecologyR. leguminosarum bv. trifolii, 959

Population structureactivated sludge system, 897

Porcine gastrointestinal tractcolonization by lactobacilli, 279

Porphyridium sp.relationship with its predator, 2990

Porphyrinslindane dehalogenation, 1258

Potable waterpigmented bacteria, 912

PotassiumS. bovis proton conductance, 259

PotatoesC. botulinum toxin production, 656

PotencyPasteurella vaccines, 106

Poultrytibial dyschondroplasia, 3184

Prechillingenumeration of microorganisms, 50

Predationalgal culture contamination, 2990

Presence-absence techniquecomparison with defined substrate

method, 1003comparison with membrane filtration,

507, 3091Preservatives

nisin and bacteria on meat, 1329Pressuremanganese binding by bacteria, 764

Principal-component analysisbaker's yeast characteristics, 1495

Prochymosinproduction by P. mirabilis, 1009

ProduceListeria spp., 1925

Propane-oxidizing bacteriatrichloroethylene degradation, 2960

Propionibacterium acnesdissimilatory nitrate reduction, 2899

Proteasesformation regulation, 1544

Protein crystalsB. thuringiensis spores, 1279

Proteinasesrelease by L. lactis, 3101

Proteinsdegradation by sediment community,

1963Proteolysis

intestinal bacteria, 679Proteus mirabilis

activable bovine prochymosin, 1009genetically engineered L forms, 1009

Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenaseMoraxella sp. strain GU2, 340

Proton conductanceS. bovis, 259

Protoplast fusionB. subtilis-Cellulomonas sp., 2675

Protozoafixation and cell volume, 1761M. lappus, 91response to bacteria in soil, 1857rumens of cattle and bison, 148

Protozoan grazingestimation in Lake Vechten, 1787

Pseudomonas aeruginosabenzalkonium chloride resistance, 2036biosurfactant production, 3016recombinant plasmid effects, 3243selective medium, 3231soil and rhizosphere growth, 3243

Pseudomonas alcaligenesDNA identification in P. putida, 1037

Pseudomonas cepaciapoly-f-hydroxyalkanoic acid production,

584Pseudomonas fluorescens

cyanate utilization, 256polymer physicochemical properties,

2827Pseudomonas pellicle

disinfectant testing, 511Pseudomonas putida

acetonitrile degradation, 2267aromatic hydrocarbon utilization, 15234-chlorobiphenyl degradation, 798DNA from P. alcaligenes, 10372-furoic acid degradation, 1829phenol hydroxylation, 2648recombinant plasmid effects, 3243soil and rhizosphere growth, 3243survival in a sludge unit, 2627toluene dioxygenase gene, 3162trichloroethylene toxicity, 2723

Pseudomonas saccharophilanickel effects, 3197

Pseudomonas spp.aniline degradation, 385p-chlorotoluene degradation, 372p-cresol degradation, 866cytochrome reduction, 275detection in lake water, 25373-fluoro- aromatic defluorination, 330hydrogen peroxide resistance, 2985isolation from an antarctic oasis, 767

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

SUBJECT INDEX xxi

leaf wettability, 1340polyvinyl alcohol degradation, 275xenobiotic degradation, 1578

Pseudomonas stutzeridenitrification enzyme expression, 1670

Pseudomonas syringaediel population size variation, 623ice nucleation activity, 623influence on tobacco cells, 1724survival after freezing, 1690

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringaeapple leaf and blossom invasion, 533

pSS5Ocharacteristics and restriction analysis,

1286Psychrophilesgrowth rate and starvation effects, 2710starvation-survival and ANT-300, 1122

pTR2030bacteriophage resistance, 1684, 2416

Purple sulfur bacteriacarbon isotope fractionation, 639

pVS8L. lactis peptide utilization, 2690

pWWOminireview, 1323

Pyriteoxidation by T. ferrooxidans, 2918

Pyrococcus furiosuscontinuous culture, 2086

Pyrroloquinoline quinoneproduction by bacteria, 1209Pseudomonas cytochrome reduction,

275

Quinoline-degrading bacteriaisolation and characterization, 1029

Quinone profilesactivated sludge system bacteria, 897

Radiationaflatoxin B, inactivation, 465

Rain forest watershedE. coli survival, 495V. cholerae survival, 495

Rainbow troutantivibriosis vaccine, 1400"Cytophaga psychrophila" studies, 1796V. salmonicida virulence, 819

Rapid sand filter gravelchlorination, 29

Ratscolonic bacterium increase, 2468response to toxin, 2098

Recombinant proteinsinsoluble aggregates, 1106

Reducing agentssuperoxide production, 7

Refrigerationmeat and L. monocytogenes, 1565

Refusebacterial population development, 55decomposition characteristics, 55enumeration of microorganisms, 50

Relatednessdenitrifying bacteria, 2924

Reovirusesisolation from sewage, 503isolation from treated effluents, 503

ResistanceB. licheniformis and antibiotics, 3026B. subtilis and antibiotics, 3026

C. reinhardtii and cadmium, 526cadmium resistance screening, 2101E. cloacae and chromium, 1665E. coli and ampicillin, 2056eubacteria and heavy metals, 2385M. voltae amino acid excretion, 1295pseudomonads and H202, 2985yeasts and preservatives, 2995

Resistance mechanismsbacteriophage resistance determinants,

1684conjugative plasmid pTR2030, 2416industrial bacteriophages, 1537lactococci, 1537P. aeruginosa and disinfectants, 2036S. typhimurium, 2344yeast preservative resistance, 2995

Restriction analysisFrankia strains, 2161pSS50, 1286

Restriction modificationbacteriophage resistance, 2416

Rhizobium frediiexopolysaccharide production, 813exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants,

1852plasmid transfer from E. coli, 1730symbiotic effectiveness, 813

Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseolicompetitiveness, 2755

Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifoljicompetition among strains, 1599diallel analysis of competition, 1599differentiation of isolates, 707nodulation genes, 1426P. andersonii nodules, 2046population size and distribution, 959

Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceaediversity within serogroups, 109

Rhizobium melilotiacid tolerance, 1870host restriction and transduction, 3229intracellular pH maintenance, 1870water stress responses, 2431

Rhizobium spp.epiphytic occurrence, 2407identification of strains, 520improvement of inoculants, 862Sonoran Desert populations, 3058

Rhizoctonia spp.damping-off suppression, 1368

RhizosphereA. caulinodans survival, 454damping-off suppression, 1368fungal disease repression, 2793N2 fixation on maize roots, 1748recombinant Pseudomonas growth, 3243surfactant biodegradation, 2092X. maltophilia isolation, 747

Rhodococcus spp.tetrachlorohydroquinone degradation,

516RiceA. caulinodans survival, 454

River waterGiardia cyst viability, 1223

Roboticsuse to dispense culture media, 1320

Rootsdetection of fungi, 761microbial interactions, 1291N2 fixation on maize roots, 1748

Rotaviruseshand-washing agent efficacy, 3113wastewater ultrafiltration concentrates,

401rRNA, 16S

selective recovery as cDNA, 1818V. anguillarum identification, 1907

Ruminal microorganismsadherence to cellulose, 2089ammonia-producing bacteria, 1052branched-chain-amino-acid transport,

2658cellulolytic bacteria, 148culture media, 32372,2'-diaminopimelic acid metabolism,

212enumeration, 2789F. succinogenes adhesion, 3039forage degradation, 2247, 3080fungi, 1066, 1695, 1703fungi and monensin, 2360growth on cellobiose, 1695growth on cellulose and straw, 1703inducible bacteriophages, 1630ionophores and fermentation, Ilasalocid-catalyzed proton conductance,

259M. elsdenii, 1570M. lappus, 91monensin-sensitive bacteria, 1052monocentric and polycentric fungi, 1066Neocallimastix sp. growth, 1363oxygen consumption, 2583peptide metabolism, 2372protozoa, 148S. ruminantium plasmid, 3035sodium efflux, 2664stem tissue degradation, 611xylanase production, 1016

Ruminococcus albusforage degradation, 3080

Ruminococcus flavefaciensgene cloning, 1230

Saccharomonospora viridisimproved recovery medium, 2669

Saccharomyces cerevisiaea-amylase gene expression, 3167Crabtree effect analysis, 468ethanol production regulation, 1312glucose competition, 3214glycolytic flux regulation, 1312haploids from industrial strains, 1742Kl toxin, 2105sluggish and stuck fermentation, 953sugar transport inactivation, 953transformation by electroporation, 2242

Saccharomyces spp.baker's yeast, 1495desirable characteristics, 1495

Salinityeffects on cytoplasmic C and N, 1635survival of Vibrio spp., 1775

Salmo gairdneriantivibriosis vaccine, 1400"Cytophaga psychrophila" studies, 1796V. salmonicida virulence, 819

Salmo salarV. salmonicida virulence, 819

Salmonella spp.isolation from coastal waters, 3032seasonal distribution, 1591

VOL . 55, 1989

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

zooplankton role in distribution, 1591Salmonella typhimurium

multiple antibiotic resistance, 2344Scanning electron microscopy

P. syringae and apples, 533Schirmacher Oasis, AntarcticaPseudomonas spp., 767

Schwanniomyces occidentalisa-amylase gene cloning, 3167

Sclerotiaformation and maturation, 3095

SeawaterE. coli enzyme production, 2424E. coli starvation-survival, 2017fecal streptococcus monitoring, 2041

Secondary carbon sourcesaniline degradation, 385

Secondary productionvascular plant detritus, 2178

Secreted polypeptidesL. monocytogenes, 2251

Sedimentsaerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria,

1058biomass determination, 2888chloroaromatic compound degradation,

1466, 1472denitrification, 1841denitrification microzonation, 1234dichloroaniline degradation, 25272,4-dichlorophenol degradation, 348,

2735enumeration of bacteria, 1214glucose oxidation, 3234iron reduction, 3234nitrate ammonification, 1841nitrate gradient measurements, 754polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degra-

dation, 1391protein degradation, 1963quinoline-degrading bacteria, 1029selenate reduction to selenium, 2333V. salmonicida, 2815

SeedsM. pruriens aflatoxins, 531

Selenatereduction to elemental selenium, 2333

Seleniumselenate reduction in sediment, 2333volatilization, 1406

Selenomonas ruminantiumplasmid characterization, 3035

SensitivityB. japonicum and DNA gyrase inhibi-

tors, 1157L. lactis and phages, 2702uptake hydrogenase, 2315

Sequential washingenumeration of microorganisms, 50

Serratia marcescensvanillic acid production, 1660

Sesbania rostrataA. caulinodans survival, 454

Seto Inland Sea, JapanC. botulinum, 559Listonella spp., 559Vibrio spp., 559

Seven-hour membrane filter testfecal coliform enumeration, 1504

Sewage effluentdepuration by mussels, 1386

Sewage sludgebiodegradation potential, 433

virus isolation, 503Shuttle vectors

E. coli-C. perfringens, 360SiderophoresA. chroococcum B-8, 298basidiomycetes, 2720hydroxamic acids, 298

Silageorganic dust toxic syndrome, 1093

SilverL. pneumophila disinfection, 3045

Sirodesmin PLantibacterial activity, 1555

Snap beansP. syringae diel variation, 623

Sodiumbranched-chain-amino-acid transport,

2658efflux from S. bovis, 2664

Sodium ionsA. chroococcum aeroadaptation, 1811D. aesta growth rate, 1755

Sodium lactatebotulism toxin inhibition, 2226

Soft contact lensesAcanthamoeba viability, 1144

Soft rot bacteriaspoilage of vegetables, 1677

SoilA. caulinodans survival, 454antarctic Pseudomonas spp., 767B. japonicum competitiveness, 1895bacterial adhesion, 142bacteriophage transport, 2061biomass C and N changes, 1635denitrification, 72engineered-DNA detection, 3022free-living amoebae, 1074glufosinate degradation, 711in situ plasmid transfer, 1730P. betae detection, 1273phage-transduced bacteria, 661phosphinothricin degradation, 711R. leguminosarum populations, 959recombinant Pseudomonas growth, 3243X. maltophilia isolation, 747

Soil bacteriacorky root of lettuce, 2635creosote degradation, 3085heavy metal sorption, 3143isoquinoline degradation, 3247protozoan response, 1857Rhizobium nodulation gene expression,

1426semiarid high desert, 2420T-2 toxin biotransformation, 190

Soil-core microcosmsgenetically engineered microorganisms,

198Soil denitrification

stochastic models, 72Soil depthR. leguminosarum population size, 959

Solar energyA. nidulans H202 production, 483

Solid culture mediumF. sporotrichioides, 2195

Solubilizationrecombinant proteins, 1106

SolventsC. acetobutylicum mutants, 970

Sonoran Desertwoodland rhizobia, 3058

SorghumFusarium isolates, 2619

Sorptionheavy metals, 3143metolachlor, 733

SoybeansB. japonicum in fluid gels, 617B. japonicum migration, 1711B. japonicum occupancy, 2493effects on B. japonicum, 2532nodulation by B. japonicum, 1957

SpheroplastsKi toxin effects, 2105

Spoilagesoft rot bacteria, 1677

SporesA. fumigatus from sawmills, 2856B. thuringiensis protein crystals, 1279C. botulinum, 2226C. cylindrosporum, 1380

Sporidiobolus salmonicolor-y-decalactone production, 2939

Staphylococciphysicochemical surface properties, 2806

Staphylococcus aureusenterotoxin A production, 1447

Starch digestionB. stearothermophilus, 1639

Starvation-survivalE. coli in seawater, 2017growth rate effects, 1122plasmid expression and maintenance,

1860psychrophilic marine bacterium, 1122,

2710Statistical analysis

baker's yeast characteristics, 1495Stem tissues

physical degradation, 611Stenocereus gummosusD. mojavensis ecology, 100microbial colonization, 100

Sterilizationforages, 1766

Strain PA-1growth with glucose or succinate, 1289

Strawutilization by ruminal fungi, 1703

Stream sedimentsdenitrification microzonation, 1234

Streptococcus bovisproton conductance, 259sodium efflux, 2664

Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermo-philus

acid production, 185immobilized cells, 185sugar utilization, 185

Streptomyces fulvissimus5-hydroxyflavone metabolism, 3140

Streptomyces reticulimycelium-associated cellulase, 2653

Streptomyces spp.heavy metal effects, 2030lignocellulose degradation, 1165

Stressed microorganismsR. meliloti nodulation, 2431

Stuck fermentationS. cerevisiae, 953yeast hull effect, 1560

Styrene oxidemetabolism, 2850

xxii SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xxiii

Styrofoam cup-membrane assemblymicroorganism-root interactions, 1291

Submerged culturesF. moniliforme, 649

Subsurface materialsmicrobial movement, 2280

Succinategrowth of strain PA-1, 1289

SugarE. coli ethanol production, 1943utilization by free and entrapped cells,

185Sugar transport inactivation

S. cerevisiae, 953Suicide phenomenon

motile aeromonads, 543Sulfate reduction

2,4-dichlorophenol degradation, 2735Sulfate-reducing bacteriaD. salexigens, 645

Sulfation5-hydroxyflavone, 3140

Sulfolobus acidocaldariusplating efficiency, 3020

Sulfonated aromatic compoundsbacterial carbon sources, 492

Sulfur bacteriacarbon isotope fractionation, 639

Sulfur dioxideeffects on phyllosphere fungi, 412

SuperhelicityBradyrhizobium DNA, 1420

Superoxideproduction by altertoxins, 7

Surface-active Pseudomonas spp.leaf wettability, 1340

Surfacesbacterial adhesion to meat, 1531heavy metal binding, 2976staphylococcal cell adherence, 2806surface-active C. albicans, 2119

Surfactantsbiodegradation, 2092

Surgical scrubsevaluation, 2944

SurvivalA. caulinodans, 454B. japonicum in fluid gels, 617bacteria in aquatic environments, 788C. parvum oocysts, 15193-chlorobenzoate-catabolic genotype,

1584E. coli in a rain forest, 495E. coli in fresh water, 246engineered P. putida, 2627genetically engineered E. carotovora,

1477injured E. coli, 1298P. syringae after freezing, 1690psychrophilic marine bacterium, 1122V. cholerae in a rain forest, 495V. vulnificus, 2837V. vulnificus in oysters, 3072Vibrio spp. and salinity, 1775

Swine dysenteryT. hyodysenteriae, 2365

Symbiosisdicarboxylate role, 666Nostoc hormogonia formation, 125R. fredii mutants, 1852R. fredii plasmids, 813

Syncephalastrum racemosummetalaxyl transformation, 66

Synechococcus spp.chemotaxis, 1888light and the cell cycle, 425

Synechocystis spp.exopolysaccharide mutants, 1452

Synergismforage digestion, 2247

Syntrophic metabolismS. wolfei, 977

Syntrophococcus sucromutansfatty acid and aldehyde composition, 927

Syntrophomonas wolfeigrowth and metabolism, 977organic acid anion effects, 977

T-2 toxinbiotransformation, 190detoxification, 190

Take-all fungusDNA probe, 284identification, 284

Temperatureaflatoxin production, 531B. cereus toxin production, 2595compensation by M. barkeri, 12622,4-dichlorophenol degradation, 348effect on C. shehatae, 2152ferrous iron oxidation, 312lactococcal bacteriophage resistance,

1537V. vulnificus in oysters, 3072

Tetrachloroethylenereductive dechlorination, 2144

Tetrachlorohydroquinonehydroxylation and dechlorination, 516

Tetrachloromethanebiotransformation, 837

Thermal additionspathogenic Naegleria fowleri, 722thermophilic amoebae, 722

ThermophilesA. kivui nickel transport, 1078amoebae, 722autotrophic sulfur bacteria, 639B. stearothermophilus amylase, 1638Beggiatoa spp., 2909C. thermosulfurogenes P-amylase, 689denitrifying Bacillus sp., 1023

Thiobacillus ferrooxidansdetection and enumeration, 2025ferrous iron oxidation inhibition, 1117iron oxidation inhibition, 2588pyrite oxidation, 2918

Thiobacillus thioparus TK-mmalodorous-compound removal, 555

Threshold selectionbiomass determination, 2762

Thymidinebacterial production estimation, 1787bacterial uptake, 1267protozoan grazing estimation, 1787

Tibial dyschondroplasiafusarochromanone, 3184

TobaccoP. syringae influence, 1724

TOL plasmidsminireview, 1323

Toluenecatabolism by G4, 1624degradation, 330

Toluene dioxygenase3-fluoro- aromatic defluorination, 330

gene expression in E. coli, 3162phenol hydroxylation, 2648trichloroethylene toxicity, 2723

TopographyR. leguminosarum diversity, 109

Total coliform bacteriadetection and enumeration, 2443determination in water, 3091public water supply, 380

Total heterotrophic bacteriapublic water supply, 380

Toxinsanthrax lethal toxin, 2098B. cereus in milk, 2595binding to cell membranes, 2779C. botulinum in potatoes, 656enterotoxin A, 1447K. lactis killer toxin, 695Microcystis spp., 3202N. spumigena hepatotoxin, 1990regulation in C. botulinum, 1544, 2226S. cerevisiae Kl toxin, 2105

TransductionL. acidophilus ADH, 2206R. meliloti, 3229soil bacteria, 661

TransformationF5231, 1220

Transmission electron microscopylignin peroxidase localization, 871

Transposon mutagenesisE. carotovora, 934

Trehalosebaker's yeast cryotolerance, 2453synthesis by E. coli, 2414

Treponema hyodysenteriaeglucose metabolism, 2365NADH recycling, 2365

1,2,4-Triazole-3-alanineM. voltae amino acid excretion, 1295

1, I, I-Trichloroethanebiotransformation, 837, 845

Trichloroethylenebiodegradation, 2819, 2960, 3155, 3162degradation by G4, 1624reductive dechlorination, 2144toxicity to P. putida, 2723

Trichloromethanebiotransformation, 837

Trichoderma longibrachiatumendo-(1,3)-p-D-glucanase, 177

Trichoderma reeseigrowth estimation method, 1044

Trichodesmium spp.nitrogenase localization, 2965

Trichodesmium thiebautiinifH amplification, 2522

Trichodiene synthetaseregulation in fungi, 1500

Trichothecenesaccumulation in liquid culture, 2190accumulation in solid culture, 2195biotransformation, 190production by F. graminearum, 1315trichodiene synthetase regulation, 1500

Trimethylaminemethylotrophic methanogen, 994

Tropical rain forest watershedE. coli survival, 495V. cholerae survival, 495

trpCcloning and characterization, 2561

VOL. 55, 1989

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Tryptophan synthase mutant a-subunitsaggregate solubilization, 1106

Turkey productsbotulism toxin inhibition, 2226

Ultrafiltrationrotaviruses in wastewater concentrates,

401Ultrasoundbiomass determination, 1801

Ultrastructurearchaebacterial flagella, 1414

Unsaturated subsurface soilsoil bacteria, 2420

Uptake hydrogenaseAzospirillum spp., 2315

Upwelling environmentbacterial thymidine uptake, 1267

Uric acidClostridium spore germination, 1380

VaccinesPasteurella vaccine potency, 106vibriosis and furunculosis, 1400

Vanillic acidproduction by S. marcescens, 1660

Vascular plant detritusbacterial secondary production, 2178

VegetablesA. hydrophila growth, 2167spoilage by bacteria, 1677

Vero cell assayenterotoxin detection, 2141

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungidetection on roots, 761growth stimulation, 2320

ViabilityAcanthamoeba cysts, 1144bacteria in situ, 78effect of starvation-survival, 1122Giardia cysts, 1223

Vibrio anguillarumantivibriosis vaccine, 1400identification in fish, 1907plasmid and phenotype relationships,

826survival at different salinities, 1775

Vibrio choleraeagglutination by oyster serum, 2882aquatic birds, 95cryoprotection, 2726hemagglutination, 2403intestinal adherence, 2403non-Ol properties, 2403seasonal distribution, 1591survival in a rain forest, 495zooplankton role in distribution, 1591

Vibrio mimicusecology, 2073

Vibrio parahaemolyticusgrowth in estuarine water, 1877growth in rich medium, 1877

Vibrio salmonicidafish farm sediments, 2815

plasmid profiles, 819survival at different salinities, 1775virulence studies, 819

Vibrio spp.Seto Inland Sea of Japan, 559toxigenic freshwater isolates, 2613

Vibrio vulnificusisolation, 3072membrane fatty acids, 2837survival in oysters, 3072virulence, 2837

Vibriosisvaccine, 1400

Video image analysisbiomass determination, 2762

Virucidal agentschlorine, 390ozone, 2949

Volatile metabolitesextraction from lactic acid bacteria, 1617

VolatilizationHg2+ in natural waters, 1196selenium, 1406

Wastewater ultrafiltration concentratesdetoxification, 401

Waterbacterial plasmid expression, 1860bacterial starvation-survival, 1860disinfection, 2949enumeration of microbes, 2082fecal coliform detection, 907fecal coliform enumeration, 1504injured E. coli survival, 1298selenium volatilization, 1406total heterotrophic and coliform bacte-

ria, 380virucidal agent potentiation, 390

Water activityC. botulinum toxin production, 656

Water potentialcytoplasmic C and N, 1635R. meliloti response, 2431yeast y-decalactone production, 2939

Wetland riceA. caulinodans survival, 454

WheatFusarium isolates, 2619

Whey permeatesubstrate for K. fragilis, 573

White rot fungiextracellular enzyme detection, 1457ligninolytic activity, 1642

Wine fermentationpopulation dynamics, 539

Wine makingL. oenos fermentation evaluation, 2010L. oenos mutants, 751stuck fermentation, 1560

Wooddegradation, 871, 3131extracellular enzyme detection, 1457polysaccharide localization, 2293pulp brightening by C. versicolor, 1147

Woodland rhizobiaSonoran Desert populations, 3058

Wood-trimmers' diseaseA. fumigatus from sawmills, 2856

Xanthobacter spp.styrene metabolism, 2850

Xanthomonas maltophiliaouter membrane esterase, 233selective medium, 747

Xenobiotic compoundsdegradation, 1578polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 154

Xenorhabdus luminescensbioluminescence, 2607colonial and cellular polymorphism, 1136growth and luminescence, 2601

Xenorhabdus nematophilustransformation, 806

XylanaseB. circulans, 568detection in decayed wood, 1457expression in E. coli, 568gene expression in E. coli, 893, 1192intergeneric protoplast fusion hybrid,

2675production by N. frontalis, 1016R. flavefaciens gene cloning, 1230

xylBexpression in E. coli, 306

xylEdetection of pseudomonad, 2537

2,6-Xylenolmetabolism, 2904

Xylosefermentation by C. tropicalis, 1974uptake by yeasts, 159

D-Xylosefermentation by K. pneumoniae, 1169metabolism by P. tannophilus, 2871

D-Xylose reductaseP. tannophilus mutant, 2877

XylosidasexylB expression in E. coli, 306

Yeast hullswine fermentation, 1560

Yeastsethanolic fermentation, 21growth inhibition, 21lipid estimation, 3009preservative resistance, 2995

Zea maysnitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1748

Zearalenonebiosynthesis, 1955production by F. graminearum, 1315

Zebrasmicrobial community of helminths, 1178

Zinccitrate decomposition, 1375extraction from industrial waste, 1153F. moniliforme growth, 649

Zooplanktonrole in pathogen distribution, 1591

xxiv SUBJECT INDEX

1990 APPLICATION FOR FULL MEMBERSHIP IN THEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

1325 Massachusetts Avenue, NW * Washington, D.C. 20005 * (202) 737-3600 * FAX (202) 737-0367

Eligibility ASM welcomes to full membership aryone who is interested in its objectves and has a minimum of a bachelor's degree or equivalentin microbiology or a related field.

Initiation Memberships are initiated and reneved in January each year. Unless there are directions to the contrary, membership nomina-tions received prior to September 1 are credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publications for the currentyear are furnished, if available. Nominations received after September 1 will become effective the following January.

MISS DR.NAME MS.

(CIRCLE ONE) MRS. MR. FIRST INITIAL LAST

MAIL NAMEAS YOU WANT IT TO APPEAR ON YOUR MAILING LABEL

ADDRESSWHERE YOU WANT TO RECEIVE YOUR SUBSCRIPTIONS

STATE/PROVINCE ZIP/POSTAL CODE COUNTRY

PHONE ( () ( ) ) YEAR OF BIRTH SEXOFFICE(01)HOE(2

HIGHEST DEGREE SUBJECT AREA YEAR EARNED_EMPLOYER PRESENT POSITION

SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT DATE*NOMINATED BY ._____________ MEMBER#

SIGNATURE OF ASM MEMBERIf you are not associated with an ASM nominating member, you can still apply for membership and we will contact you.

Member How did you learn about the ASM? (Check one): [ Presenting a paper at an ASM meetingInformation o A colleague O An advertisement in a journal O An ASM Branch

] A professor O Direct mail inquiry [ Student membership in ASMO An ASM journal O A workshop, conference or meeting O None of the above

Dues Annual dues for 1990 are $65. Dues include ASM News (monthly) and a $43 credit which may be deducted from the total costof the journal(s) you purchase at the special membership rates indicated below.

Journals o Enclosed is my dues payment (U.S. Dollas only) .................................................$65U Please send me the following ASM journal(s) at Member Price(s):

U.S. & FOREIGNCanada Surface* Air Amount

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.$35 .... $61 .... $171 AA

Applied and Environmental Microbiology.39 .... 74 .... 189 _ AE

Molecular and Cellular Biology.43 .... 93 .... 268 _ CB

Clinical MicrobiologyReiews. 17 .... 32.... 62 CMInfection and Immunity.41 .... 81 .... 231 IA

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology.35 .... 42.... 77 IJ

Journal of Bacteriology.41 .... 91 .... 311 JB

Journal of Clinical Microbiology.35 .... 65.... 180 JCJournal of Virology.41 .... 91 .... 271 JV

Microbiological Reviews.17 .... 32.... 62 MRASM News ............................................................... 70

*Surface mail is a combination of air freight and surface delivery Total Joumal Fees $Subtract your $43 Member Journals Credit - $43

IF YOU WANT TO RECEIVE THE ANNUAL Subtotal (if less than zero, enter zero) $MEETING PROGRAM (FREE), CHECK HERE: O Add your $65 Membership Dues + $65

OFFER EXPIRES MARCH 1, 1990 Total (Dues plus Journals). If total is less than $65.00, enter $65 $

PAYMENT IN U.S. DOLLARS MUST ACCOMPANY APPLICATIONA membership card, voting registration form, ASM Placement Service information and the journal(s) of your choice will be sent within90 days upon completion of processing. ASM dues are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. ASM designates $12 of yourdues for ASM News. Rates are for 1990 only.Applicants must remit in U.S. Dollars by check or draft payable to ASM through a U.S. bank located within the Continental U.S. Applicantsfrom Canada may use check made out in U.S. Dollars and drawn on a Canadian bank or applicants may choose to pay with VISA,MasterCard, or American Express. If that is your preference, please fill in the box below.

U VISA # I1 I I I I I EXPIRATIONlUMASTERCARD# D MO YRO AMEX #TODAY'S DATE

MONTH DAY YEAR NAME AS IT APPEARS ON YOUR CREDIT CARD

AEM 12/89 SIGNATURE

1990 APPLICATION FOR STUDENT MEMBERSHIP IN THEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

1325 Massachusetts Avenue, NW * Washington, D.C. 20005 * (202) 737-3600 * FAX (202) 737-0367

Eligibility Any matriculated student majoring in microbiology or a related field who has not earned a doctoral degree is eligible for electionas a Student Member Student Members have all the privileges of membership except the right to vote and hold office in theSociety. Student Members receive ASM News monthly and are entited to subscribe to the Society's scientific journals at member rates.

Initiation Memberships are initiated and renewed in January each year Unless there are directions to the contrary, membership nomina-tions received prior to September 1 are credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publications for the currentyear are furnished, if available. Nominations received after September 1 will become effective the following January.

missNAMEMs.II(CIRCLE ONE) MRS. MR. FIRST INITIAL LAST

MAIL NAMEAS YOU WANT IT TO APPEAR ON YOUR MAILING LABEL

ADDRESSWHERE YOU WANT TO RECEIVE YOUR SUBSCRIPTIONS

STATE/PROVINCE ZIP/POSTAL CODE COUNTRYPHONE ( ) OFFICE(01) ( ) HOME(02) YEAR OF BIRTH SEX,HIGHEST DEGREE MAJOR FIELD OF STUDY

SCHOOL

SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT DATESIGNATURE OF CHAIRMANOF MAJOR DEPARTMENT MEMBER #1 I I I I I*NOMINATED BY_____________ ______MEMBER #1 I I I I I I I

SIGNATURE OF ASM MEMBER*If your departmental chairman is a member of the ASM, a nominating signature is not required. If you are not associated with an ASM nominating member, youcan still send in this member application form and we will contact you. Be sure to include your dues.

Member How did you learn about the ASM? (Check one):Information o A colleague O An advertisement in a journal O Presenting a paper at an ASM meeting

FII A professor O Direct mail inquiry O An ASM BranchI An ASM journal O A workshop, conference or meeting OI None of the above

Journals Please check:O Enclosed is my dues payment (U.S. Dollar only) ....................................... $10FO Please send me the following ASM journal(s) at Member Price(s):

U.S. & FOREIGNCanada Surface* Air

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy .........................$35 .... $61 $171

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ......................... 39 74 189

Molecular and Cellular Biology ................................ 43 93 268

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ................................. 17 32. 62

Infection and Immunity....................... 41 81 231International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology .................... 35 42 77

Journal of Bacteriology.................................. 41 91 311Journal of Clinical Microbiology ................................ 35 65 180

Journal of Virology ................................ 41 91 271

Microbiological Reviews ................................. 17 32 62ASM News ............................... 70

AmountAA

AECBCM

IAIJ

JBJC

JV

MR

OUiidtia imidil ib da couriiitian UT air treignh and sunace oelivery Total Journal Fees $

YOU WANT TO RECEIVE THE ANNUAL Add your $10 Membership Dues + $10rING PROGRAM (FREE), CHECK HERE: rOOFFER EXPIRES MARCH 1, 1990 6 Total $

PAYMENT IN U.S. DOLLARS MUST ACCOMPANY APPLICATIONA membership card and the journal(s) of your choice will be sent within 90 days upon completion of processing. ASM dues are tax deductibleto the extent permitted by law. ASM designates $7 of your dues for ASM News. Rates are for 1990 only.

Applicants must remit in U.S. Dollars by check or draft payable to ASM through a U.S. bank located within the Continental U.S. Applicantsfrom Canada may use check made out in U.S. Dollars and drawn on a Canadian bank or applicants may choose to pay with VISA, MasterCard,or American Express. If that is your preference, please fill in the box below.

OI VISA # EXPIRATIONO MASTERCARD#I DATE:FAMEX # MO YR

TODAY'S DATE I SIGNATUREMONTH DAY YEAR NAME AS IT APPEARS ON YOUR CREDIT CARD

AEM 12/89 SIGNATURE

IFMEEI