applied and microbiologyronald l. crawford, editor (1987) university ofminnesota...

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 50 * DECEMBER 1985 * NUMBER 6

James M. Tiedje, Editor in Chief (1985)Michigan State Universitv, East LansingRonald L. Crawford, Editor (1987)University of MinnesotaGray Freshwater Biological InstitutteNavarre, Minn.Robert B. Hespell, Editor (1990)Northern Regional Research CenterAgricultural Research ServicePeoria, Ill.

Lars G. Ljungdahl, Editor (1990)University of GeorgiaAthensJohn J. landolo, Editor (1986)Kansas State UniversityManhattanRobert P. Williams, Editor (1990)Baylor College of MedicineHouston, Tex.

EDITORIAL BOARDDanny E. Akin (1986)Noelle Amarger (1985)Farooq Azam (1985)Richard H. Baltz (1987)Barry L. Batzing (1986)Robert A. Bender (1986)Kostia Bergman (1987)Gabriel Bitton (1987)Martin Blaser (1985)Jean-Marc Bollag (1986)Peter J. Bottomley (1986)John A. Breznak (1986)Frank Busta (1986)Don K. Button (1986)Douglas E. Caldwell (1986)George M. Carman (1987)Tom D. Y. Chin (1986)Donald Crawford (1985)Patrick Davis (1985)Frank Dazzo (1985)Burk A. Dehority (1986)Hugh W. Ducklow (1986)Douglas Eveleigh (1985)Samuel R. Farrah (1986)Joseph J. Ferretti (1987)James G. Ferry (1985)Howard Fields (1987)

William R. Finnerty (1986)Mary K. Firestone (1987)Madilyn M. Fletcher (1987)Dennis Focht (1985)Charles Gerba (1985)William C. Ghiorse (1987)Michael H. Gold (1985)C. P. Leslie Grady, Jr. (1985)Pat B. Hamilton (1986)George Hegeman (1986)Walter Hill (1986)John C. Hoff (1985)Thomas W. Jeffries (1985)John Johnson (1985)David M. Karl (1985)Gary M. King (1987)Todd R. Klaenhammer (1986)Allan E. Konopka (1985)Linda L. Lasure (1986)Mary L. Lidstrom (1985)Eivind B. Lillehoj (1987)Robert J. Maier (1987)George L. Marchin (1987)Allen J. Markovetz (1986)Prakash Masurekar (1985)Mollie McBride (1987)Gordon A. McFeters (1987)

Larry L. McKay (1986)Lutz-Arend Meyer-Reil (1987)Terry L. Miller (1985)Aaron L. Mills (1987)Chester J. Mirocha (1987)Kenneth H. Nealson (1987)Louise Nelson (1986)Kenneth W. Nickerson (1987)Betty H. Olson (1985)Ronald Oremland (1985)Hans W. Paerl (1987)Michael W. Pariza (1987)Peter A. Pattee (1987)Frederick C. Pearson (1985)John Pfeffer (1985)Allen T. Phillips (1986)Donald Phillips (1987)Jeanne S. Poindexter (1985)Hap Pritchard (1985)Donald J. Reasoner (1985)Douglas Ribbons (1985)John L. Richard (1987)Donald C. Robertson (1987)John P. Rosazza (1985)James B. Russell (1986)Abigail A. Salyers (1986)Dwayne Savage (1985)

Robert D. Schwartz (1985)Peter M. Scott (1987)Surendra N. Sehgal (1986)Ramon J. Seidler (1985)Norval A. Sinclair (1985)M. Scott Smith (1985)Mark Sobsey (1987)Jim Spain (1987)Kemet Spence (1985)Norman J. Stern (1985)John Sutherland (1986)Barrie F. Taylor (1985)Richard Unz (1987)Vincent Varel (1985)Willy Verstraete (1985)Edward Voss (1987)Richard L. Ward (1985)David C. White (1985)Peter Wong (1985)Richard T. Wright (1986)A. Aristides Yayanos (1987)William Yotis (1985)Stanley A. Zahler (1985)Alexander Zehnder (1985)

Helen R. Whiteley, Chairmnan, Publicatiotns BoarcdLinda M. Illig, Managing Editor, Jouirnals Yvonne Strong, Production Editor

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240). a publication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., NW,Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowledge, both appliedand fundamental, concerning microorganisms. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; reprints are available fromthe editors and the Publications Department. Applied ancd Environmental Microbiology is published monthly, two volumes per year. Thenonmember subscription price is $157 per year; single copies are $21. The member subscription price is $32 (foreign, $42 [surface rate]) peryear; single copies are $7. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints, defective copies, availability of backissues, and lost or late proofs should be directed to the ASM Publications Department. 1913 1 St., NW. Washington. DC 20006 (phone: 202-833-9680).

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Author IndexAl-Harithy, R., 1531Anderson, Roger L., 1343

Baker, John P., 1439Bender, Gary R., 1414Bessette, Alan E., 1535Bland, Lee A., 1343Bodie, Elizabeth, A., 1483Bothast, R. J., 1444Bottomley, Peter J., 1422Brannon, R., 1531Broadaway, Susan C., 1378

Camper, Anne K., 1378Casida, L. E., Jr., 1496Chang, Philip Lee, 1545Chen, Wei, 1451Clausen, Einar, 1556Collins-Thompson, David L.,

1550Colwell, Frederick S., 1357Colwell, R. R., 1388Cornil, M.-F., 1509Crawford, Ronald L., 1512,

1542

Daeschel, Mark A., 1538Davis, Barry J., 1343Dawson, Karl A., 1439De Mot, Rend, 1474Devleeschouwer, M. J., 1509Dinuzzo, Anthony, 1548Dodds, Karen L., 1550Dony, J., 1509

Eardly, Bertrand D., 1422

Farrah, Samuel R., 1502Favero, Martin S., 1343

Gerba, Charles P., 1375Gildberg, Asbj0rn, 1556Gravelle, Clifton R., 1343Gray, Rodney J. H., 1404Grecz, N., 1531

Habte, Mitiku, 1553Hahn, E. W., 1531Hannaway, David B., 1422Henson, J. Michael, 1428Hespell, Robert B., 1361Higuchi, Takayoshi, 1505Hino, Tsuneo, 1368Hou, Kenneth, 1375

Ireland, R. S., 1486

Jaw, R., 1531Jordan, D. C., 1535Joseph, S. W., 1388

Karl, David M., 1464Kawai, Shingo, 1505Kawakami, Hidekuni, 1451Kelly, Michael T., 1548Kerrigan, R. W., 1535Klaenhammer, Todd R., 1538Krichevsky, M. I., 1388Kropp, Kathryn D., 1349

Kubota, Hiroshi, 1526

Lachance, M. A., 1486LaRock, Paul A., 1490LeChevallier, Mark W., 1378Lehrbach, Philip R., 1409

Mackel, Donald C., 1343Maczulak, Anne E., 1439Margaritis, A., 1486Marquis, Robert E., 1414Martikainen, Pertti J., 1519McFeters, Gordon A., 1378McKinley, Vicky L., 1395McNeil, Michael M., 1343Moberg, Lloyd J., 1383Molina, Thomas C., 1349Molitoris, E., 1388

Nakasaki, Kiyohiko, 1526Nigam, J. N., 1486Novitsky, James A., 1464

Oglesbee, Stephen E., 1457Ohmiya, Kunio, 1451

Petras, Stephen F., 1496Preston, David R., 1502

Raa, Jan, 1556Ruggeri, Bruce A., 1404Russell, James B., 1368

Saber, Diane L., 1512Sauch, Judith F., 1434Schwartz, Robert D., 1483Shimizu, Shoichi, 1451Shoda, Makoto, 1526Sindhuhardja, W., 1388Slininger, P. J., 1444Smith, Paul H., 1428Sobsey, Mark D., 1457Speidel, Harold K., 1357Supanwong, Kamnird, 1451

Taylor, Gerald R., 1349Timmis, Kenneth N., 1409Tomlins, Richard I., 1404

Umezawa, Toshiaki, 1505

Verachtert, Hubert, 1474Vestal, J. Robie, 1395

Wachenheim, Daniel E., 1361Wait, Douglas A., 1457Watkins, Thomas R., 1404White, David C., 1428Williams, Leslee A., 1490Williams, Richard T., 1542

Yen, Teh Fu, 1545

Zeyer, Josef, 1409

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The following have served as invited special reviewers for the journal during 1985, and their help is greatly appreciated.

P. B. AdamsLibero AjelloMilton J. AllisonPaul BaumannJoanne Bednarz-PrashadDavid R. BensonRodney BergMerlin S. BergdollHans BlaschekBen BohloolDavid BooneRandolph D. BorysStephen A. BoydJames A. BrierlyThomas D. BrockPaul BrodaEd BrownRobert B. BrubakerDon BryantMarvin P. BryantR. L. BuchananD. R. CaldwellGeorge CarmanEarl CasidaKeith ChapesPeter J. ChapmanWilliam D. CharacklisBruce ChassyArun ChattereeBarry K. ChelmF. S. ChuBill ClausJohn ClementsRichard J. ColeDavid CooperMichael A. CottaDonald A. CrawfordVaughan L. CrowStanley DagleyLawrence DavisPascal DelaquisArnold DeMain

Jody W. DemingMichael P. DoyleRuth Eden-FirstenbergGarry EhrlichHenry L. EhrlichKenneth EhrlichMelvin EklundJerald C. EnsignJoseph FerrettiJ. J. FinegoldSydney M. FinegoldRichard A. FinkelsteinHenry FlemingShelby W. ForsbergCecil W. ForsebergG. William FortnerDennis W. FulbrightDamian GabisRonald GibbonsStanley E. GillilandRichard GoeringReinaldo J. GomezRich GreeneL. P. HagerRichard S. HansenAndrew HansonPaul HartmanTerry C. HazenPaul HoffmanLillian V. HoldemanRandall K. HolmesDavid A. HopwoodPhillip B. HylemanEthel JacksonGeorge A. JacobyHolger W. JannaschJames M. JayRussell C. JohnsonAnna Johnson-WinegarClarence I. KadoJim KaneEva Kashket

Henry KasparSteffan KjellebergJohn A. KoburgerArthur L. KochDanny KohlNoel R. KriegRalph E. KunkeeC. P. KurtzmanRonald G. LabbeJohn M. LarkinJ. A. Z. LeedleWei Hwa LeiRobert LevinBruce LighthartAl LinggJohn LockwoodSharon R. LongJoseph LovettDerek R. LovleyDonald G. LundgrenRobert A. MacLeodJoan MacyJames A. MaloneThomas ManneyGeorge MarchinRobert E. MarquisScott E. MartinAbdul MatinScott MaxcyEd L. McCoyRoger McFettersMichael McGinnisMichael J. McInerneyJohn C. MeeksLarry MontgomeryThomas MontvilleLarry W. MooreRalph MoriaDavid J. W. MoriartyRichard MoritaGeorge MorrisAndrew Mort

William NorredPat OrielGary OstroffCharlotte D. ParkerBruce PasterPeter PatteeCharlotte PattonEldor A. PaulWilliam J. PayneHarry D. PeckStan PersonJames J. PestkaGary A. PeterMerle PiersonGordon J. PiloneWesley 0. PipesMark PothSteve PueppkeIan ReidG. Yull RheeSteven RichardsonJoseph A. RobinsonBarbara J. RobisonJohn S. RohovecReinhardt RossonDurwood RowleyHarold L. SadoffGene SafirMary Ellen SandersGary SaylerCharles SchachteleRobert P. SchefferBernhard SchinkR. SchippersEdwin L. SchmidtRonald H. SchmidtMilt SchrothJune ScottLuis SequeiraOdette L. ShotwellCharles J. SihC. Jeff Smith

Richard SnowGeorge A. SomkutiWilliam M. SpiraDon SplittstoesserR. J. StackEarl StadtmanEd StellwagKarl 0. StetterEd StevensMichael E. StilesJohn StreeterHiroshi SugiyamaAnne 0. SummersB. SwaminathanRobert SwitzerFred TenoverKurt ThorneMing TienRodney K. TwetenEd UmbargerPeter Van BerkumCarl VanderzantAnne K. VidaverTom WacekRick WeaverFred WedlerDavid M. WellerBryan WhiteTracy WilkinsA. G. WilliamsStanley T. WilliamsVern WinstonLloyd WitterRalph WolfeMeyer J. WolinT. YoshinariLily YoungSteven Zinder

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AUTHOR INDEX

VOLUME 50

Abbas, H. K., 482Abraham, M., 724Aiking, Harry, 1262Akey, David H., 882Akin, Danny E., 825Alazard, D., 732Al-Harithy, R., 1531Alexander, Martin, 323, 342,

816, 977, 1132Alic, Margaret, 27Allen, Michael F., 1123Alperin, Marc J., 940Amaro, Carmen, 426Anderson, Roger L., 1343Andrews, Robert E., Jr., 737Andrieux, C., 1258Appleton, Nigel, 63Archer, David B., 1233Arnau, Amilcar, 426Aziz, Taufiqul, 701

Baker, John P., 1439Bakhiet, Nouna, 690Balkwill, David L., 580Banwell, J. G., 68Barabas, Gyorgy, 438Baranowski, J. D., 546Barbour, W. Mark, 41Barik, Sudhakar, 304Barros, M. E. C., 721Bartha, R., 498Barz, Wolfgang, 45Basch, Harold I., 91Bataille, Nelly, 951Bauer, James E., 81Bender, Gary R., 1414Benedek, Agnes, 438Benkhemmar, Omar, 1087Benner, Ronald, 971Bennett, J. W., 487Bergdoll, Merlin S., 1315Bergers, W. W. A., 656Berzofsky, Ronald N., 91Bessette, Alan E.. 1535Beuchat, Larry R., 934Bezanson, G. S., 1279Bibilos, Margaret M., 737Bilinski, Carl A., 1330Bilous, Doris, 243Bishop, P. L., 120Bitsura, Jo Ann, 261Blair, Neal, 996Blanchette, Robert A., 568Bland, Lee A., 1343Blankenship, L. C., 249Blaschek, Hans P., 1097Blix, Arnoldus S., 144Blocher, John C., 274Bodie, Elizabeth A., 629, 1483Bohlool, B. Ben, 1171Bollin, Gary E., 1128Boone, David R., 140Boosalis, Michael G., 1123Bopp, Cheryl, 611Bordner, Robert H., 755Bossard, Peter, 706Bothast, R. J.. 1444Bott, T. L., 508Bottomley, Peter J., 1422Boucherie. Helian, 951

Bouvier-Fourcade, Isabelle,1087

Bouwer, Edward J., 527Bowles, Linda K., 1165Brannon, R., 1531Breittmayer, Jean-Philippe, 38Brenner, Kristen P., 755Brewin, Nicholas J., 791Brill, Winston J., 1115Broadaway, Susan C., 1378Brousse, Michel, 951Brulla, W. J., 304Brunner, W., 1058Bryan, Barbara A., 1301Bryant, M. P., 304Buchanan, Robert L., 1027Buckmire, Francis L. A., 562Bulla, Lee A., Jr., 737Bullerman, Lloyd B., 919Bulmer, Glenn S., 548Buras, Netty, 989Burdige, David J., 491Burge, Wylie D., 887Burger, Scott R., 487Burmeister, H. R., 311Busta, F. F., 16, 274

Camper, Anne K., 1378Canale-Parola, Ercole, 172,

212, 807Capone, Douglas G.. 81Cardona, A., 183Carlson, Curtis A., 1301Carlson, Robert E., 127Carlson, Russell W., 1219Carlucci, A. F.. 194Carman, George M., 846Carpenter, J. A.. 1110Carrillo, Martha. 468Casida, L. E., Jr., 1496Catena, Anthony, 629Cauvin, Francoise. 38Ceraso, Marianne, 1149Cerniglia, Carl E., 10, 265,

649Chang, Philip Lee, 1545Chang, Shenq-Chyi, 729Charriere, Guy, 1208Chatterjee, Arun K., 1. 894Chen, Wei, 1451Cheung, Peter Y. K.. 984Chmielewski, M. A., 602Christensen, Bj0rn E., 837Christianson, Kris K.. 696Chu, Fun Sun, 115Cirigliano, Michael C., 846Clark, Burton D., 623Clark, G. W., 177Clausen, Einar, 1556Collins-Thompson. David L.,

1550Collmer. A., 615Colwell, Frederick S.. 1357Colwell, Rita R., 350, 1002,

1388Compeau. G. C.. 498Conley. Louis F.. 1149Conrad. R.. 589, 595Conway, Lucille K.. 795Cooper, D.. 68

Cooper, David G., 160Cooper, James F., 91Cornil, M.-F., 1509Costerton, J. W., 68Couche, Graham A., 1196Craven, S. E., 249Crawford, Ronald L., 127,

1512, 1542Croan, Suki, 1274Cuhel, Russell, 543Cunningham, Scott D., 791

Daeschel, Mark A., 1538Daigle, Kim W., 914Daly, James G., 868Daly, Kevin R., 704Dandekar. Abhaya M., 441Davis, Barry J., 1343Davis, Claire L., 743Davis. Craig, 872Dawson, Karl A., 1439Dean, Donald H., 623de Giori, Graciela Savoy, 1339Dehority, Burk A., 356Delmas, Claude L., 767Deming, Jody W., 1002De Mot, Rend, 1474de Ruiz Holgado, Aida P.,

1339Deschatelets. L.. 924Des Marais, David, 996Detroy, R. W.. 152de Valdez. Graciela Font,

1339Devleeschouwer, M. J., 1509Dinuzzo. Anthony, 1548Dodds, Karen L.. 1550Dohman. T. P., 680Dony, J., 1509Dowdle. Stephen F., 1171Dubos, F., 1258Duck. D., 1279Ducluzeau, R., 1258Duek, Lea, 989Dunne, W. Michael, Jr., 562DuPont, Herbert L., 261

Eardly, Bertrand D., 1421Ehrenshaft, Marilyn, 169Eighmy, T. Taylor, 120Elkan, Gerald H., 41Ellefson, William L., 1165El-Sherbeeny, M. R., 611Emerson, Steven, 1268Enkiri, Nancy K., 887Erhlich, Kenneth C., 914Estrada, Eddie, 468Evans, Harold J., 537

Fabiano, E.. 183Falconer, Ian R., 1292Farrah. Samuel R.. 1502Favero, Martin S.. 1343Fayolle, Franqoise, 1238Federle, Thomas W.. 10Fiechter, Armin, 503Fitz-James. P. C., 56Fleet, Graham H., 670, 727,

872

Flippen-Anderson, Judith L.,1225

Flygenring, Knud, 704Focht, D. D., 1058Forsberg, Cecil W., 220, 1043,

1068Forsell, James H., 1304Forsen, Raili I., 174Francis, D. W., 535Freeman, James P., 265, 649Freeman. L. F., III, 553Freer, S. N., 152Fukuda, Yasuki, 1200Fukushima, Hiroshi, 710

Gallois, Annie, 1048Garay, Esperanza, 426Gartside, Peter S., 755Gary, G. William, 261Gatley, Stephen, 63Gaudemer, Franqoise, 1087Gauthier, Michel J., 38Gensler, Diana R., 623Genthner, Fred J., 1007George, Clifford, 1225Gerba, Charles P., 1375Ghiorse, William C., 580Ghosh, Arati, 1137Ghosh, Bijan Kumar, 1137Gibbins, L. N., 220, 1043,

1068Gibson, Alan H., 1021Gilardi, Richard, 1225Gildberg, Asbj0rn, 1556Glenn, Marian, 1137Gold, Michael H., 27Goldner, Steven B., 202Goldstein, Rebecca M., 977Govers, Harrie, 1262Graham, Donald C.. 532Gravelle, Clifton R., 1343Gray, Lynn E., 1328Gray, Rodney J. H., 1404Grazia, Luigi, 1064Grbic-Galic, Dunja, 292, 1052Grecz, N., 1531Greenhalgh, Roy, 550Greenwood, Yvonne, 144Gregory, David A., 704Grimont, Patrick A. D., 1048Grove, M. D., 311Guerinot, Mary Lou, 350

Habte, Mitiku, 701, 1553Hackman, Barbara, 1128Hahn, E. W., 1531Haines, John R., 755Halsall, Dorothy M., 1021Hambleton, Peter, 63Hamdy, M. K., 1110Hamilton. Elizabeth A., 179Hammock, Bruce D., 984Hamparian. Vincent V., 280Hannaway, David B., 1422Hanus, F. Joe, 537Harris, Jane E., 1107Harrison, M. A., 1110Hart, L. Patrick, 332Hartl, Daniel L., 749Hawkins, Peter R., 1292

i

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Hazen, Terry C., 468Heard, Gillian M., 727Heatherbell, D. A., 680Heflich, Robert H., 649Heisick, Judy, 1313Heitkamp, Michael A., 265Heldal, Mikal, 1251Helme, Elsie J., 91Henrichs, Susan M., 543Henson, J. Michael, 1428Herman, Richard E., 1103Hermann, Monique, 1238Hespell, Robert B., 1014, 1361Higuchi, Takayoshi, 1505Hill, Walter E., 1187Hino, Tsuneo, 1368Hodson, Robert E., 553, 971,

1177Hoeniger, Judith F. M., 315Hoff, John C., 261, 1118Hong, Soobok L., 558Hook, Leonard A., 1007Hou, Kenneth, 1375Howard, R., 68Hsieh, Ke Ming, 1155Huang, Li, 1043Hughes, John H., 280Hunt, J. M., 535Hussong, David, 887Hutkins, Robert, 772, 777Hwang, Huey-Min, 1177

Iandolo, John J., 696Ibrahim, George F., 670Innamorato, Gino, 1330Insell, J. P., 56Ireland, R. S., 1486Izuagbe, Y. S., 680

Jackson, Alan R. B., 1292Jager, Alexander, 1274Jakowec, Michael W., 441James, Douglas W., Jr., 392Jappinen, Paavo, 163Jarrell, Ken F., 179Jarvis, Bruce B., 1225Javaheri, Mohammad, 698Jaw, R., 1531Jeffrey, Wade H., 431Jenneman, Gary E., 383, 698Jensen, Neil S., 172Jensen, Rodney H., 364Jeter, Randall M., 1301Johnson, LeeAnn K., 127Johnson, Michael G., 337Johnson, Philip C., 261Jokinen, Antti, 163Jones, David T., 477Jones, Susan B., 795Jordan, D. C., 1535J$rgensen, Bo B., 373Joseph, S. W., 1388Jouenne, Thierry, 1208Jung, G., 108Junter, Guy-Alain, 1208

Kaplan, Arthur M., 1077Kaplan, David L., 1077Kaplan, L. A., 508Kapulnik, Yoram, 791Karl, David M., 706, 1464Katsui, Noriaki, 298Katz, Stanley E., 638

Kawai, Shingo, 1505Kawakami, Hidekuni, 1451Kelly, Michael T., 1548Kerr, Eric D., 1123Kerrigan, R. W., 1535Keswick, Bruce H., 261Khakhria, R., 1279Kientz, C. E., 656Kimura, Akira, 1200Kirk, T. Kent, 1274Kjosbakken, Johs, 837Klaenhammer, Todd R., 851,

1538Klich, M. A., 602Knapp, Roy M., 383, 698Kok, Jan, 94, 540Kontusaari, Sirpa 1., 174Kraft, Birgit, 45Krichevsky, M. I., 1388Kropp, Kathryn D., 1349Krumbein, Wolfgang E., 1296Kubicek, C. P., 1336Kubota, Hiroshi, 1526Kuchta, John M., 21Kuhn, Daisy A., 704Kumazawa, S., 287Kunz, Daniel A., 831Kuritza, Alex P., 958Kuwamura, Kazuko, 676Kwong, Emil, 996

Lachance, M. A., 763, 1486Lambert, Grant R., 537Lane, Aaron L., 91Largier, Susan T., 477LaRock, Paul A., 1490Larsen, Harold J., 1123Leatham, Gary F., 859LeChevallier, Mark W., 406,

412, 1378Lee, R. F., 1177Lee, Song F., 220, 1068Lee, Yin-Won, 102, 1225Lehrbach, Philip R., 1409Leps, Walter T., 1115Leschine, S. B., 807Leu, Alice, 996Lewis, David L., 553Lewis, Sherry M., 356Li, Shyh-Yuan, 729Lin, Hwaing, 91Lindemann, Julianne, 1229Lindsay, Gene, 91Lion, Leonard W., 1155Lior, H., 1279Liu, Ming-Tsung, 332Long, Susan, 477Lorenz, Michael G., 1296Louis-Seize, G., 924Lovett, J., 535Lyons, Mary J., 670

Mackel, Donald C., 1343Mackenzie, Andrew M. R.,

1322MacKenzie, C. Roger, 243Maczulak, Anne E., 1439Madsen, E. L., 342Maki, James S., 1244Mallory, Lawrence M., 977Mamber, Stephen W., 638Manning, Bradford W., 10Marchal, Remy, 1238

Margaritis, A., 763, 1486Marquis, Robert E., 1414Martikainen, Pertti J., 1519Martfnez-Drets, G., 183Martinson, Michael M., 127Mary, Patrice, 207Mathiesen, Svein D., 144Mathis, James N., 41Mathrani, Indra M., 140Matsunaga, Tadashi, 238Maxino, Felicisima, 1027Mazzocchi, Dorothy Bruns,

1225McCarty, Perry L., 527McDaniel, L. E., 1192McDaniels, Audrey E., 755McEvoy, James L., 1McFeters, Gordon A., 406,

412, 1378McGlaughlin, Jane E., 21McInerney, Michael J., 383,

698McKay, Larry L., 532, 772,

777, 1103McKinley, Vicky L., 1395McLinden, James H., 623McMillan, David C., 265McNamara, Ann M., 21, 1149McNeil, Michael M., 1343Meacher, Cheryl, 257Melling, Jack, 63Melnick, Joseph L., 1181Mentu, Juha, 163Meyer, Hans-Peter, 503Miller, Dwight W., 649Miller, J. David, 550Miller, Raymond D., 749Mills, Dallice, 169Mimura, Toru, 229Mirocha, C. J., 102, 482Mitchell, Ralph, 1244Mitsui, A., 287Moberg, Lloyd J., 1383Modi, Narendra, 63Molin, Goran, 946Molina, Thomas C., 1349Molitoris, E., 1388Moller, Mogens M., 373Molongoski, John J., 1112Montenecourt, Bland S., 693Montville, Thomas J., 795Morris, George K., 611Morris, Howard A., 772, 777Moseley, Steve L., 1187Mugnier, J., 108Muldoon, Anne E., 1123Mulligan, Catherine N., 160Mufioz, Elaine, 996Munster, Ann P., 1325Munster, Michael J., 1325Murata, Kousaku, 1200Murray, Patti A., 49Muthukumar, Ganapathy,

1196

Naidu, Y. M., 1038Nair, G. Balakrish, 724Nakajima, Toshiaki, 238Nakasaki, Kiyohiko, 1526Nealson, Kenneth H., 491Neish, Gordon A., 550Nickerson, Kenneth W., 1196Nielsen, Lars P., 373

Niemela, Seppo I., 163Nigam, J. N., 763, 1486Nilsson, Inge, 946Niv, Sara, 989Norland, Svein, 1251Norqvist, Anders, 31Noss, C. I., 1162Novais, Julio M., 1333Novitsky, James A., 1464Novitsky, Thomas J., 91

Ochin, Daniel, 207Oglesbee, Stephen E., 1457Ohmiya, Kunio, 1451Oliver, Guillermo, 1339Olivieri, V. P., 1162Olsen, Jerry, 996Orpin, Colin G., 144Otjen, Lewis, 568Ottolenghi, Abramo C., 280Overmeyer, Jean H., 21

Paau, Alan S., 1115Pacha, R. E., 177Pal, S. C., 724Palumbo, Samuel A., 1027Panchal, Chandra J., 257Para, Michael F., 1128Parks, Leo W., 685Paster, Bruce J., 212Patel, Girishchandra B., 243Paterek, J. Robert, 877Pattee, Peter A., 1315Patterson, John A., 1014Paul, John H., 431Pawlosky, R. J., 482Payment, Pierre, 1308Payne, William L., 1187Pearson, Frederick C., 91Peeler, J. T., 535Peled, Ofra N., 713Pelissier, J. P., 1258Pestka, James J., 332, 1038,

1304Peterson, Robert E., 311, 1328Petras, Stephen F., 1496Pfannenstiel, Mary Ann, 1196Phelps, T. J., 589, 595, 1285Phillips, Donald A., 791Phillips-Conroy, Jane, 749Pidcock, N. A., 693Pignatello, Joseph J., 127Plattner, R. D., 311Plouffe, Joseph F., 1128Podvin, Laurence, 1238Post, Laurie S., 202Preston, David R., 1502Pusch, D. J., 482

Raa, Jan, 1556Racicot, Terry A., 548Raibaud, P., 1258Ram, Bhanu P., 332Rankin, Clifford C., 755Rao, V. Chalapati, 1181Rawlings, D. E., 721Rech, Maryann, 91Reddy, Gade S., 831Reeburgh, William S., 940Reid, Ian D., 133Reilly, Peter J., 634Rice, E. W., 1118Ridge, Robert W., 717

ii AUTHORINDEX

AUTHOR INDEX iii

Ried, J. L., 615Riemann, Bo, 187Rigsby, Luanne L., 825Rivera-Calderon, Reina

Laura, 1322Robb, Frank T., 743Robbers, James E., 558Rodriguez, Russell J., 685Roffey, Roger, 31Rogol, M., 125Rohr, M., 1336Rolfe, Barry G., 717Romano, Jean-Claude, 229Romano, Patrizia, 1064Ronner, Ulf, 801Ross, Lynn M., 1Rothman, D., 125Rousseau, Dominique M., 529Routman, Eric, 749Ruggeri, Bruce A., 1404Runnegar, Maria T. C., 1292Russell, James B., 1368Russell, Sterling A., 537

Saber, Diane L., 1512Sabourin, Josanne R., 623Sa-Correia, Isabel, 1333Saddler, J. N., 924Saikusa, Toshihiko, 1200Sakai, D. K., 1031Sakamoto, Tae, 676Salyers, Abigail A., 958Samuelsson, Matts-Ola, 812Sandine, W. E., 680Sands, Jeffrey A., 693Santangelo, Joseph D., 477Sapers, Gerald M., 795Sargent, Harold E., 91Sarkar, B. L., 724Satterwhite, Terry K., 261Sauch, Judith F., 1434Schaefer, F. W., 1118Schiefer, H. Bruno, 550Schiemann, Donald A., 412Schmidt, Steven K., 323Schroeder, Lisa L., 919Schwartz, Robert D., 629,

1483Sebald, Madeleine, 1238Sechter, I., 125Secor, Sandy L., 261Sequeira, Luis, 605Seto, Masayuki, 1132Sharp, Richard J., 1325Shibasaki, Isao, 298

Shimizu, Shoichi, 1451Shimosaka, Makoto, 1200Shoda, Makoto, 1526Shone, Clifford, 63Shpak, B., 125Shroeder, D. J., 102Shuler, Michael L., 1155Shuttleworth, Kay L., 573Sierks, Michael R., 634Silas, J. C., 1110Sillanpaa, Paavo, 163Silveira, Neliane F. A., 872Silver, M., 663Simidu, Usio, 781Simkins, Stephen, 323, 816Sindhuhardja, W., 1388Singh, Ajaib, 406, 412Sivela, Seppo, 1100Sizemore, Ronald K., 420Slade, James W., 91Slegers, Guido A., 529Slininger, P. J., 1444Smidsr0d, Olav, 837Smith, Linda Tombras, 441Smith, Paul H., 877, 1428Sobsey, Mark D., 1457Solberg, Myron, 202Soli, M. Grazia, 1064Somasegaran, P., 398Somers, Eileen B., 1094Sorensson, Fred, 801Sox, Thomas E., 1181Speckhard, Marci W., 1094Speidel, Harold K., 1357Spino, Donald F., 1213Stahly, Donald P., 690Stal, Mary H., 1097States, Stanley J., 21, 1149Steenson, Larry R., 851Steinback, Katherine E., 392Stemmer, Willem P. C., 605Stephenson, Thomas E., 1149Stevenson, Roselynn M. W.,

868Stewart, Graham G., 257,

1330Strohl, William R., 1007Strom, Peter F., 899, 906Sumner, Susan S., 1094Supanwong, Kamnird, 1451Suslow, Trevor V., 392Suzuki, Tomoo, 965Suzzi, Giovanna, 1064Szab6, Istvan, 438

Tailliez, Roger, 207Taimisto, Anna-Maija, 1100Takano, Mitsuo, 298Takeda, Kiyoshi, 965Takeuchi, Akira, 298Tate, Robert L., 111, 454Taylor, Craig D., 1112Taylor, Gerald R.. 1349Taylor, Scott L., 1328Taylor, Steve L., 1094Tebo, Bradley M., 1268Thayer, Donald W., 1027Thompson, Nancy E., 1315Thompson, Sterling S., 1038Thurn, Kerry K., 1, 894Timmis, Kenneth N., 447,

1409Tollison, Steven B., 337Tomei, Francisco A., 1244Tomlins, Richard 1., 1404Trudel, Michel, 1308Trusal. Lynn R., 1311Tsuchido, Tetsuaki, 298Tsuchii, Akio, 965Tsukamoto, Kumiko, 781Tumyr, Ole, 1251Tunac, J. B., 1192Tweten. R. K., 696Twohy, Christine W., 91

Umezawa, Toshiaki. 1505Unz, Richard F., 460, 573Upper, C. D., 1229

Vaatanen, Pentti, 163Vandecasteele, Jean-Paul,

1238van der Stap, J. G. M. M.,

656van der Vossen, Jos M. B.

M., 94, 540van Dijl, Jan Maarten. 94Van Oostrom, Judy. 257Van Peteghem, Carlos H., 529van 't Riet. Jan, 1262Vatvars, Arturs, 831Venema, Gerard. 94, 540Vennes, John W., 930Verachtert, Hubert, 1474Vestal, J. Robie, 1395Vidon, Doninique J.-M., 767Viegas, Cristina A., 1333von Wright, Atte. 1100Vuokila, Pertti T., 174

Wachenheim, Daniel E., 1361Wadowsky, Robert M., 21,

1149Wagner, M. K., 16Wait, Douglas A., 1457Walker, Reta A., 670Walker-Caprioglio, Helen M.,

685Wallis, Craig, 1181Walser, M. M., 102Walter, Michael V., 930Walton, Thomas E., 882Ward, B. B., 194Ward, Richard L., 1144Warner, Philip J., 1319Warshaw, J. E., 807Wasserfallen, Alain, 447Watanabe, Kunihiko, 1200Watkins, Thomas R., 1404Weary, Marlys E., 91Wei, Ru-Dong, 115, 729Weisleder, D., 311Wells, Joy G., 611Welsh, Philip C., 420West, Charlotte A., 1319White, David C., 1428White, Gail L., 649Wichlacz, Paul L., 460, 573Williams, Aaron C., 1027Williams, E. A., 177Williams, Fred P., Jr., 523Williams, Leslee A., 1490Williams, Richard T., 1542Wilson, James D., 91Wilton-Smith, Peter, 63Winegar, Michael P., 91Winston, Pat E., 1144Wolford, Randy S., 21, 1149Woods, David R., 477, 721Woolfolk, Clifford A., 364Workman, Wesley E., 623

Yadav, Madhav, 1219Yatawara, C. S., 1225Yee, Robert B., 21, 1149Yen, Teh Fu, 1545Yoshizawa, Takumi, 676Young, David H., 605Young, L. Y., 292Yu, E. K. C., 924

Zambonelli, Carlo, 1064Zeikus, J. G., 589, 595, 1285Zeyer, Josef, 447, 1409Zinder, Stephen H., 49Zon, Gerald, 1187

VOL. 50, 1985

SUBJECT INDEXVOLUME 50

Abyssal plainBrazil, 1002intercepted particulates, 1002observations of barophilic microbial

activity, 1002sediment samples, 1002

Acclimation at low temperaturesE. gracilis Z

tocopherol production, 1404Acetate

coculture metabolism, 589D. vulgaris, 589M. barkeri, 589methanol, 589sulfate-dependent interspecies H,

transfer, 589Acetivibrio cellulolyticus

cellulaseadsorption, 243protein profile, 243specific activity, 243

cellulose hydrolysis, 243T. reesei, 243

AcetoneC. acetobutylicum P262 mutants, 477production, 477

Acidic environmentsB. cereus, 274C. botulinum, 274inhibition of germinant binding, 274

Acidifying lakesbacterial counts, 315cellulose, 315central Ontario, 315microbial decomposition, 315reduced pH, 315

Acidiphilium spp.glucose metabolism, 573taxonomic structure, 573

Acidophilic, heterotrophic bacteriaAcidiphilium spp., 573glucose catabolism, 573taxonomic status, 573

Acinetobacter anitratuscross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose

degradation, 634toxic shock syndrome, 634

Aconitasefermentation by A. niger

citric acid cycle catalysis, 1336Adherence

bacteria to roots, 392binding assay, 392colonization of roots by bacteria, 392E. coli AB1157, 392Flavobacterium sp. strain MtCa-7, 392P. fluorescens E6-22, 392Pseudomonas sp. strain WD-13, 392S. epidermis

polystyrene, 1322polytetrafluoroethylene, 1322polyvinyl chloride, 1322Silastic, 1322

S. marcescens QMB 1466, 392Adhesion

hydrophilic surfaces, 431hydrophobic surfaces, 431mechanisms, 431V. proteolytica, 431

Aerial dispersalepiphytic bacteria

temporal variation, 1229weather conditions, 1229

Aerobic fermentationClavispora sp., 763D-xylose, 763ethanol, 763

Aerobic growthK. pneumoniae

conversion of glycerol to3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, 1444

Aeromonas hydrophilaestuarine sediments

temporal variation, 1490variation with salinity, 1490variation with sediment depth, 1490

incidence in foods of animal origin, 1027quantitative detection, 1027starch-ampicillin agar, 1027

Aeromonas salmonicidaprotease-deficient mutant, 1031protease producer, 1031significance of extracellular protease for

growth, 1031Aerosols

L. pneumophilahot-water faucets, 1128shower heads, 1128

virus detectionaerosol collection device, 1181filter method, 1181

Aeschynomene spp.A. hypogaea, 733M. atropurpureum, 733nodulation

root, 733stem, 733

S. guianensis, 733S. rostrata, 733

African yellow baboonsantibiotic resistance, 749E. coli, 749free ranging, 749population structure, 749

Agar overlaymethod of adherence determination

S. epidermis-plastic surfaces, 1322AgarsA. hydrophila

incidence in foods of animal origin,1027

quantitative detection, 1027cultivationM. arboriphilus, 1107M. bryantii, 1107Methanobacterium sp., 1107M. formicicum, 1107M. ruminantium, 1107M. smithii, 1107

GELRITE as substitute, 1107starch-ampicillin, 1027

Agrobacterium radiobacter K84biopolymer gels, 108survival, 108water activity, 108

Agrobacterium rhizogenesbiopolymer gels, 108survival, 108water activity, 108

Agrobacterium tumefaciensbiopolymer gels, 108survival, 108

water activity, 1087ot-HydroxytrichodermolM. roridum trichothecene

isolation, 1225structure determination, 1225

Alcoholsactivation, 249C. perfringens, 249heat activation, 249injury, 249spores, 249

Alfalfaformation of high number of nodules,

1118nodule regulation, 1118R. meliloti

strain 102F15, 1118strain 102F15 mutant (WLA150), 1118

Alfalfa nodulesrhizobiabean plant nodulation, 1422soil acidity, 1422

Alga-bacterium interactionsdiffusion method for study, 1357Lutri plates, 1357wastewater oxidation ponds, 1357

Alteromonas luteov'iolaceamarine bacteria, 543occurrence of P-aminoglutaric acid, 543

Aluminum hydroxide precipitationcellulose filters

virus concentration, 1502Amino acid deaminationrumen microorganismsNADH/NAD ratio, 1368reducing-equivalent disposal, 1368

Amino acid modificationB. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin

effect on larvicidal activity, 1196Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria

immunofluorescenceculture, 194environment, 194

nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, 194serological diversity, 194

Ammoniumdissimilatory nitrate reduction, 812nitrite, 812nitrous oxide, 812P. putrefac iens, 812

Ammonium oxidation, autotrophicacid coniferous forest soil

soil pH, 1519nitrous oxide emission, 1519

Amperometric studyactivityoxygen-dependent hydrogen uptake,

287photohydrogen production, 287photooxygen evolution, 287respiration, 287

A. cylindrica BG29, 287Oscillatoria sp. strain Miami BG7, 287

Ampicillinchickens, 638effect on gram-negative enteric bacilli,

638Amylases, extracellular

F. capsuligenumpurification and characterization, 1464

Amylolytic system

iv

SUBJECT INDEX V

F. capsuligeniin, 1474Anabaena cvfindrica B629

activities measured amperometricallyoxygen-dependent hydrogen uptake,


Oscillatoria sp. strain Miami BG7, 287Anaerobes

degradation of benzenoids, 304W. succinogenes

strain P-2, 304strain PA-1, 304

Anaerobic cellulolytic bacteriaisolation, 807wetwood of living trees

elms, 807maples, 807

Anaerobic degradationbutyrate-degrading bacteria

association with methanogens, 1244rumen microorganisms

guaiacoxylacetic acid, 1451veratrylglycerol-,B-guaiacyl ether,

1451Anaerobic production

biosurfactants, 698B. lichenif6r)nis JF-2, 698

Anaerobic thermophilic digestersbacterial lipid analysis

microbial parameter characterization,1428

AnaerobiosisC. wvickerhainii, 152expression of 3-1,4-glucosidase, 152

Analogscharacterization, 311F. inoniliforine NRRL 13,163, 311fusaric acid, 311isolation, 311

Anilinesmicrobial mineralization, 447Moraxella sp. strain G, 447ort/io-cleavage pathway, 447ring substituted, 447

Anoxic estuarine sedimentsprincipal methylators of mercury, 498sulfate-reducing bacteria, 498

Anthracenedegradation, 81intertidal marine sediments, 81mineralization, 81naphthalene, 81

Antibiotic resistanceplasmid transfer to L. pl(intariin, 1319

AntibioticsAfrican yellow baboons, 749E. coli, 749population structure, 749resistance, 749resistant enteric bacteria, 930seasonal variation, 930sewage and oxidation lagoons, 930transfer, 930

Antigenic fingerprintingmethanogenic bacteria, 1542

Antimicrobial activityidentification and expression

K. apiculat, 1330K. thlerinotoleraniis, 1330

Antimicrobial agentsampicillin, 638

chickens, 638chloramphenicol, 638effect on gram-negative enteric bacilli,

638kanamycin, 638streptomycin, 638tetracycline, 638

Aquatic environmentshydrobiologically dissimilar, 724serotypes of V. parah/aetnlYtica

isolates, 724Aqueous mediaT-2 mycotoxin stability, 1311

Aqueous systemsbiodegradation of

N-nitrosodimethylamine, 1077soil systems, 1077

Arabic breadmicroorganism contentgamma irradiation, 1531immunocompromised patients, 1531

Arach(iiis hypogaearoot nodulation, 733stem nodulation, 733

Aromatic ring cleavagelignin degradation by C. i'ersicolor

arylglycerol-p-aryl ether substructure,1505

arylglycerol-y-formyl ester produc-tion, 1505

Arthrobacter spp.biopolymer gels, 108characterization of polymer, 629production of polymer, 629survival, 108water activity, 108

Ascoch ta ra-vbieibiochanin A, 45chickpeas. 45degradation, 45glucoside conjugates, 45isoflavones, 45

Aspartate transport systemreactor turbulence, 120thin wastewater biofilms, 120

Aspen wooddelignification. 133M. treme//osits. 133solid-state fermentation. 133

Aspen wood blocksselective delignification, 568white rot basidiomycetes

1. resintositin, 568P. iiedullai-paniis, 568X. frilUitsus, 568

Aspergi/ll/us. jivusdeveloping cotton bolls, 602entry sites, 602nectaries, 602

Asper-gi/ll/s iige,ercitric acid fermentation

aconitase inhibition, 1336effect of iron and copper. 1336

Aspergillus orvyZaecyclopiazonic acid-defective strains,

1087heterokaryosis, 1087risk of inducing toxin production, 1087

ATPgalactose transport, 772role of exogenous energy source, 772S. therinophil/us 772

ATP concentration

C. acetobiavl/itc,nbutanol, 1165

Attached iron-oxidizing bacteriaferrous iron as energy source, 460growth kinetics, 460substrate utilization, 460

Australiabacteriophages

occurrence, 872properties, 872

L. 0oel0o, 872wines, 872

Autoclaved peatdiluted liquid cultures, 398inoculant production, 398plant effectiveness, 398Rhliiobiulm spp., 398sterility requirements, 398storage, 398

Autotrophic ammonium oxidationacid coniferous forest soil

soil pH, 1519nitrous oxide emission, 1519

Auxotrophic mutantsfunctional complementation, 169genomic library, 169isolation of wild-type genes, 169P. svringae pv. phaseolicola, 169

Azospirilliuin ainaz-onensecarbohydrate catabolism, 183pathways

Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas, 183Entner-Doudoroff, 183hexose monophosphate, 183

A -ospirill//ut bra-.siletiseA. /ipofreru,n, 1021B. inacerans, 1021cellulose decomposition, 1021C. gelida. 1021nitrogen fixation, 1021

Az-ospirill/t/ lipoferuimA. bra-.silen.se, 1021B. inac(erans, 1021cellulose decomposition, 1021C. gelida, 1021nitrogen fixation, 1021

Bacillus cereiusacidic environments, 274inhibition of germinant binding, 274

Bacill/us larvaebroth medium, 690sporulation, 690ultrastructure, 690

Bacill/s lichenifor,mis J F-2anaerobic production, 698biosurfactants, 698

Bac(ills mnaceransA. bra.silenise, 1021A. lipofer-in, 1021cellulose decomposition, 1021C. gelida, 1021nitrogen fixation, 1021

Badill/s sporesheat resistance, 1414killing temperature, 1414specific mineralization, 1414

Bacillus siubtilisbatch culture, 503cloned human leukocyte interferon, 503construction of vectors

cloning, 540promoter screening, 540

VOL. 50, 1985


terminator screening, 540continuous culture, 503cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose

degradation, 634optimal production, 503proteinase

cloning, 94expression, 94

restrained growth, 503S. cremoris, 94S. lactis, 94, 540toxic shock syndrome, 634

Bacillus thuringiensisE. coli, 623insecticidal k-23 type crystal proteingenecloning, 623expression, 623

spores and parasporal crystalssurvival in soil, 1496

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensiscomponents, 56composition, 56control of mosquito larvae, 984&-endotoxin, 984inclusion, 56larvicidal activity of toxin

stability to amino acid modification,1196

stability to chemical treatments, 1196micro-lipid-droplet encapsidation, 984toxicity, 56

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakientomocidal protoxin, 737protease activation, 737

Bacteremiablue crab, 420C. sapidus, 420effect of stress, 420incidence, 420

Bacteria, epiphyticaerosols from plant canopies

bacterial concentration, 1229deposition, 1229upward flux, 1229

dispersaltemporal variation, 1229weather conditions, 1229

Bacteria, heterotrophictaxonomic characterization method

culture media, 1213incubation temperature, 1213

water distribution systems, 1213Bacterial biomass

activity, 508dissolved organic matter, 508environmental variables, 508metabolic state, 508multiple assay comparisons, 508stream sediments, 508

Bacterial cellsX-ray microanalysis

dry matter determination, 1251elemental content determination, 1251volume measurement, 1251

Bacterial densitiesmineralization, 816nonlinear estimation of parameters ofMonod kinetics, 816

substrate concentrations, 816Bacterial endotoxinsremoval from solution

charge-modified filters, 1375

efficiency of process, 1375Bacterial growth substrate

fish viscera, autolyzedcomparison with standard substrate,

1556preparation and testing, 1556soluble peptides and amino acids,

1556Bacterial leachingcyanobacterium LPP OL3

leaching parameters, 1296uranium removal from coal, 1296

Bacterial oxidationcodeine, 831S. griseus, 831transformation products, 831

Bacterial recoverylyophilized lactic acid bacteria

effect of rehydration medium, 1339Bacterial thiosalt oxidation ponds

parameters for operation, 663volume definition, 663

Bacteriocinactivity in P. pentosaceus, 1538pediocin A, 1538plasmid pMD136, 1538

Bacteriophagesattack, 851Australian wines, 872chlorine inactivation, 261conjugal plasmid pTR2030, 851drinking water, 261f2 bacteriophage, 261gh-1 bacteriophage

P. putida interaction, 1545passage through sandstone, 1545

L. oenos, 872occurrence, 872properties, 872S. cremoris M12R transconjugants, 851

Bacterium-alga interactionsdiffusion method for study, 1357Lutri plates, 1357wastewater oxidation ponds, 1357

Bacteroides succinogenesBermuda grass, 825degradation, 825orchard grass, 825

Bacteroides vulgatusenumeration, 958human feces, 958species-specific DNA hybridization

probe, 958Baltic proper

denitrification rates, 801low-oxygen waters, 801stratification, 801

1-Aminoglutaric acidA. luteoviolacea, 543marine bacteria, 543occurrence, 543

Barleyochratoxin A, 529radioimmunoassay, 529

Barophilic microbial activityDemerara abyssal plain, 1002intercepted particulates, 1002observations, 1002sediment samples, 1002

,-Arylether bondcleavage by rumen anaerobes, 1451

Basidiomycetesaspen wood blocks, 568

genetic recombination, 27heterokaryons, 27I. resinosum, 568lignocellulose, 27P. chrysosporium, 27P. medulla-panis, 568selective delignification, 568white rot, 568X. frustulatus, 568

Bean plant nodulationrhizobia from ineffective alfalfa nodules

soil acidity, 1422Bean plants

ephiphytic bacteriadispersal, 1229

Beggiatoa albaE. coli, 1007high-pressure liquid chromatography,

1007molecular mass of bacterial genomicDNA, 1007

plasmid copy number, 1007S. coelicolor, 1007

Beggiatoa spp.mat formation, 373oxygen responses, 373

Benzenoidsdegradation, 304W. succinogenes


Benzidine-based azo dyescarcinogens, 10Direct Black 38, 10human intestinal microbiota, 10metabolism, 10

Benzoateanaerobic degradation pathways, 292ferulate, 292methane fermentation, 292

Benzoate biotransformationE. coli K-12Pseudomonas TOL plasmid enzymes,

1409xylD and xylDL genes, 1409

Berea sandstoneP. putida

interaction with phage gh-1, 1545passage, 1545

Bermuda grassdegradation, 825orchard grass, 825ruminal bacteria, 825

Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet)crown rot, 1123population dynamics, 1123

Bifidobacterium adolescentisE. coli, 468enumeration, 468fecal indicators, 468survival, 468tropical rain forest watershed, 468

Bile saltsrecovery of tolerance, 337sensitivity, 337S. flexneri M4243, 337sublethal heat stress, 337

Biochanin AA. rabiei, 45chickpeas, 45degradation, 45glucoside conjugates, 45

Biochemical activities

vi SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX vii

habitat segregation, 781marine bacteria, 781Vibrionaceae, 781

Biodegradationaqueous systems, 1077benzoate, 292['4C]cellulose, 971['4C]lignin, 971['4C]lignocellulose, 9712,4-dichlorophenol, 977failure of inoculation to enhance, 977ferulate, 292kinetics, 323methane fermentation, 292models, 323N-nitrosodimethylamine, 1077non-growth-supporting organic com-

pounds, 323p-nitrophenol, 977Pseudomonas sp., 977soil systems, 1077

Bioemulsifierscharacterization, 846liposan, 846C. lipolytica, 846purification, 846

Biofilm-metal interactionsbioreactor system, 1155

Biofilm surfacecontinuous culture, 946phenol degradation, 946P. putida ATCC 11172, 946ratio to culture volume, 946

Biological isolationmicroflora in controlled environments,

1349severe combined immune deficiency,

1349Biomass, deep ocean

effect of sewage outfalls, 1464Biopolymer gels

solvent properties of water, 108survival of bacteria and fungi, 108

Bioreactor systemmetal-biofilm interactions, 1155

Biosurfactantsanaerobic production, 698B. licheniformis JF-2, 698

Biotransformation of benzoateE. coli K-12Pseudomonas TOL plasmid enzymes,

1409xylD and xylDL genes

Biphenylskinetics of metabolism, 1058polychlorinated biphenyls, 1058soil, 1058

Blastogenesis, mitogen-inducedhuman lymphocytes

inhibition by 8-ketotrichothecene,1304

inhibition by zearalenone, 1304Blue crab

C. sapidus, 420effect of stress, 420incidence of bacteremia, 420

Bovine rumenisolation with rifampin, 212pectinolytic spirochete, 212T. saccharophilum PB

nutrition, 212physiology, 212ultrastructure, 212

BrazilDemerara abyssal plain, 1002intercepted particulates, 1002observations of barophilic microbial


Bread, Arabicmicroorganism contentgamma irradiation, 1531immunocompromised patients, 1531

Brine shrimp assayF. tricinctum NRRL 3299, 656physicochemical analysis, 656production of trichothecenes

diacetoxyscirpenol, 656HT-2 toxin, 656neosolaniol, 656T-2 toxin, 656

Broiler chickensF. roseum 'Graminearum,' 102TDP-1 mycotoxin, 102tibial dyschondroplasia, 102trichothecenes, 102

Butanediolcellulose, 924hemicellulose, 924K. pneumoniae, 924production, 924sequential coculture, 924T. harzianum, 924

ButanolC. acetobutylicumATP concentration, 1165glucose uptake, 1165internal pH, 1165

C. acetobutylicum P262 mutants, 477production, 477

Butanol resistanceC. acetobutylicum mutants

solvent production, 1238Butyrate-degrading bacteria

association with methanogensenrichment cultures, 1244pasteurization, 1244

endospore formation, 1244Butyvibrio fibrisolvensBermuda grass, 825cellulolytic bacteria, 356degradation, 825energy intake, 356microbial numbers, 356orchard grass, 825partitioning of component digestibility,

356R. flavefaciens, 356sheep hindguts, 356

Ca2+effect on plasmid transformation, 1100S. lactis protoplasts, 1100

Cadmiumdetoxification by K. aerogenes

inorganic phosphate accumulation,1262

sulfide formation, 1262Callirectes sapidus

blue crab, 420effect of stress, 420incidence of bacteremia, 420

Campylobacterjejunidetection, 930efficacy of media and methods, 930enumeration, 930

Giardia spp., 177influence of CO2, 930isolation from foodsenrichment broths, 1313raw milk, 535

muskrats, 177occurrence, 1770. zibethica, 177refrigerated chicken meat, 930

Campylobacter jejuni-Campylobacter colibroth enrichment medium, 125improvement of isolation, 125

Campylobacter spp.isolationgauze swabs, 611membrane filters, 611

surface water, 611Canada

Salmonella food poisoning outbreakS. typhimurium phage type 10, 1279

Candida albicanscross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose


Candida colliculosafermentation of inoculated wines, 727growth, 727

Candida lipolyticabioemulsifier, 846characterization, 846liposan, 846purification, 846

Candida pulcherrimafermentation of inoculated wines, 727growth, 727

Candida stellatafermentation of inoculated wines, 727growth, 727

Candida wickerhamiianaerobiosis, 1523-1,4-glucosidase, 152regulation of enzyme expression, 152strain NRRL Y-2563, 152

Carbohydrate catabolismA. amazonense, 183pathwaysEmbden-Meyerhof-Parnas, 183Entner-Doudoroff, 183hexose monophosphate, 183

Carbonacidic, xeric forest soils, 454E. coli K-12, 996heterotrophic microbial metabolism, 996induction of new activities, 454isotopic fractionation, 996mineralization, 454nutrient cycling, 454plant-microbe associations, 454

Carbon dioxideC. jejuni, 930efficacy of media and methods

detection, 930enumeration, 930

influence, 930refrigerated chicken meat, 930

Carbon dioxide evolutionsewage sludge composting

effect of temperature, 1526Carbon dioxide production

L. lactis TS4nitrite reduction, 1550

Carbon filterspathogen growth and persistence

VOL. 50, 1985


E. coli, 1378effect of river water organisms, 1378S. typhimurium, 1378Y. enterocolitica, 1378

Carbon metabolismlake sediments

chemical changes, 1285fall turnover, 1285seasonal variation, 1285

CarcinogensDirect Black 38, 10human intestinal microbiota, 10metabolism, 10

Catabolismacidophilic, heterotrophic bacteriataxonomic status, 573

glucose, 573Catalysis

citric acid cycleaconitase, 1336

Catecholsproduction from benzoate

biotransformation by E. coli K-12,1409

xylD and xylDL genes, 1409[14C]cellulose

[14C]lignin, 971['4C]lignocellulose, 971thermophilic anaerobic biodegradation,

971Cecal bacteria from horses

habitat-simulating recovery medium,1439

nitrogen utilization patterns, 1439taxonomic distribution, 1439

Cedecea davisaepotatolike odor, 1048pyrazines, 1048strain 016, 1048

Cell densityheterogeneous bacterial mixture

yield coefficients, 1132Cell envelope proteinsDesulfotomaculum spp., 31Desulfovibrio spp., 31sulfate-reducing bacteria, 31

Cellobiose limitationR. flavefaciens survival, 1361

CellulaseA. cellulolyticus, 243adsorption, 243protein profile, 243specific activity, 243

Cellulolytic activityC. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, 220C. acetobutylicum NRRL B257, 220

Cellulolytic bacteriaB. fibrisolvens, 356energy intake, 356microbial numbers, 356partitioning of component digestibility,

356R. flavefaciens, 356sheep hindguts, 356

Cellulomonas gelidaA. brasilense, 1021A. lipoferum, 1021B. macerans, 1021cellulose decomposition, 1021nitrogen fixation, 1021

Cellulomonas udacross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose

degradation, 634

toxic shock syndrome, 634CelluloseA. brasilense, 1021acidifying lakes, 315A. lipoferum, 1021bacterial counts, 315B. macerans, 1021butanediol production, 924central Ontario, 315C. gelida, 1021decomposition, 1021K. pneumoniae, 924microbial decomposition, 315nitrogen fixation, 1021sequential coculture, 924T. harzianum, 924

Cellulose filtersvirus concentration

ferric and aluminum hydroxideprecipitation, 1502

Cellulose hydrolysisA. cellulolyticus, 243adsorption of cellulase, 243protein profile of cellulase, 243specific activity of cellulase, 243

Cellvibrio gilvuscross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose


Cell wall regenerationC. perfringens, 1097protoplast formation, 1097

Charcoal agarfish disease bacterium, 868new growth medium, 868R. salmoninarum, 868

Charge-modified filtersendotoxin removal

depth filters, 1375membrane filters, 1375

Chartreusin productionfermentation by S. chartreusis

effect of copper, 1192effect of phosphate, 1192

Cheddar cheeseSalmonella food poisoning

isolation of S. typhimurium phagetype 10, 1279

Chemical speciationbacterial populations, 337effects, 337mineralization of organic compounds,

337naturally occurring microbial communi-

ties, 337Chemical transformations

eremofortin C, 729P. roqueforti, 729PR toxin, 729

ChickenC. jejuni, 930efficacy of media and methods

detection, 930enumeration, 930

influence of C02, 930refrigerated meat, 930

Chickenseffect of antimicrobial agents

ampicillin, 638chloramphenicol, 638kanamycin, 638streptomycin, 638tetracycline, 638

gram-negative enteric bacilli, 638ChickpeasA. rabiei, 45leaf spot disease, 45

Chinasoybean rhizobia

rice field soil, 1171soybean field soil, 1171

Chloramphenicolchickens, 638effect on gram-negative enteric bacilli,

638Chlorate

viricidal effectiveness, 1162Chlorine

animal infectivity, 1115changes in virulence, 412drinking water, 261excystation, 1115G. muris, 1115inactivation

f2 bacteriophage, 261human rotavirus, 261Norwalk virus, 261poliovirus type 1, 261simian rotavirus, 261

injury, 412measurement of cyst inactivation, 1115waterborne enteropathogens, 412

Chlorine dioxideviricidal effectiveness, 1162

Chlorine resistanceenhancement, 21Flavobacterium sp., 21L. pneumophila, 21

Chloriteviricidal effectiveness, 1162

Chromosomal mobilizationE. amylovora, 1E. carotovora, 1E. chrysanthemi, 1plasmid pULB113, 1

Chromosomesnif genes, 41nitrogen fixation, 41R. fredii, 41soybean nodulation, 41

cis-Dihydrodiolsproduction from benzoate

biotransformation by E. coli K-12,1409

xylD and xylDL genes, 1409Citric acid

fermentation by A. nigeraconitase inhibition, 1336effect of iron and copper, 1336

Citrobacter freundiiE. coli, 989Israeli mirror carp, 989S. faecalis, 989S. montevideo, 989Tilapia aurea (Saratherodon aureus),989

wastewater, 989Clavispora sp.

aerobic fermentation, 763D-xylose, 763ethanol, 763

['4C]lignin[14C]cellulose, 971[14C]lignocellulose, 971thermophilic anaerobic biodegradation,

971

viii SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX ix

['4C]lignocellulose[14C]lignin, 971thermophilic anaerobic biodegradation,

971Cloning

S. cerevisiae MG resistance gene, 1200Clostridium acetobutylicum

butanol-resistant mutantsgrowth kinetics, 1238isolation, 1238solvent production, 1238sporulation, 1238

cellulolytic activity, 220effect of butanolATP concentration, 1165glucose uptake, 1165internal pH, 1165

endoglucanase activity, 1068growth

acetogenic conditions, 1043solventogenic conditions, 1043

immobilization, 477membrane potential, 1043P262 mutants, 477proton motive force, 1043solvent production

acetone, 477butanol, 477ethanol, 477

strain ATCC 824, 220strain NRRL B257, 220transmembrane pH gradient, 1043xylanolytic activity, 1068

Clostridium botulinumacidic environments, 274detection, 1110inhibition

protease activity, 16toxicity, 16

inhibition of germinant binding, 274monoclonal antibody-based immuno-

assay, 63mouse bioassay, 63salt, 795selective and differential medium, 1110sodium acid pyrophosphate, 16spore germination kinetics, 795strain Ba410, 795strain B-aphis, 795type A neurotoxin, 63types A, B, and F, 1110

Clostridium difficileaxenic mouse intestines

effect on C. perenne, 1258Clostridium perenne

establishment in mouse intestineseffect of C. difficile, 1258effect of copper-dipeptide complex,

1258Clostridium perfringens

alcohol activation, 249anaerobic chemostat, 202cell wall regeneration, 1097heat activation, 249injury by alcohol, 249minimal medium, 202nutritional requirements, 202protoplast formation, 1097spores, 249strain NCTC 8679, 249

C-3-modified analogs12,13-epoxytrichothecenes

T-2, 914

T-2 tetraol, 914protein synthesis, 914treatment of mammalian cells, 914

Coalremoval of uranium

bacterial leaching, 1296cyanobacterium LPP OL3, 1296

Coastal lagoonincidence

V. cholerae, 426vibrios, 426

influence of lake discharges, 426seawater, 426

Coastal marine sedimentsenrichment cultures, 491manganese reduction, 491

Codeinebacterial oxidation, 831identification of transformation

products, 831S. griseus, 831

Coliformsdrinking water samples, 755enumeration, 755holding effects, 755potentiometric measurement

lipoic acid reduction, 1208Component digestibility

B. fibrisolvens, 356cellulolytic bacteria, 356energy intake, 356microbial numbers, 356partitioning, 356R. flavefaciens, 356sheep hindguts, 356

Compostingmicrobial activity-biomass correlation

effect of temperature, 1395physical and chemical parameters,

1395sewage sludgecarbon dioxide evolution rate, 1526effect of temperature, 1526

Compostsbacterial species diversity, 899effect of temperature, 899identification of thermophilic bacteria,

906Salmonella spp.

growth, 887occurrence, 887suppression, 887

sewage sludge, 887solid waste, 899, 906

Concentration of waterborne virusesmodified cellulose filters, 1502water pH, 1502

Coniferous forest soilautotrophic ammonium oxidation, 1519nitrogen oxide emission, 1519soil pH, 1519

ContaminationC. jejuni

isolation from foods, 1313commercial sterile solutions, 1343filter purification system, 1343P. pickettii

growth and retention, 1343heat tolerance, 1343

Copperaxenic mice

C. perenne inhibition, 1258fermentation by S. chartreusis

effect on chartreusin production, 1192effect on hydroheptin production,

1192Y. enterocolitica

injury, 406reduced virulence, 406

Coriolus versicolorlignin degradation

aromatic ring cleavage, 1505arylglycerol-p-aryl ether substructure,

1505arylglycerol--y-formyl ester produc-

tion, 1505Coryphaena hippurus

isolation of spoilage bacteria, 546low-temperature production of urocanic

acid, 546Cosmid clone librariescomplementation of auxotrophic

mutants, 169cosmid vector pVK102, 169isolation of wild-type genes, 169P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, 169

Cotton bollsA. flavus, 602entry sites, 602nectaries, 602

Crassostrea virginica (oysters)shellfish-associated human illness, 1548V. vulnificus uptake and clearancetemporal variation, 1548

Cryptic plasmidsThermus spp. from YellowstoneNational Park, 1325

Cryptococcus neoformansC. albicans, 548comparison of media

Staib's G. abyssinica, 548trypan blue, 548

isolation, 548Crystal protein genes

B. thuringiensis, 623E. coli, 623insecticidal k-23 type


Culture conditionsP. chrysosporium

ligninase production, 1274Culture volume

continuous culture, 946phenol degradation, 1, 946P. putida ATCC 11172, 946ratio to biofilm surface, 946

Cunninghamella elegansdetoxification of hydrocarbon

1-nitropyrene, 649fungal metabolism, 649identification of metabolites, 265metabolism of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl

phosphate, 265S. typhimurium, 649

Cyanobacteriabacterial leaching

cyanobacterium LPP OL3, 1296leaching parameters, 1296uranium removal from coal, 1296

C. raciborskiihepatotoxicity, 1292isolation from water supply reservoir,

1292relationship to human hepatoenteritis,

1292

VOL. 50, 1985


Cyclopiazonic acid-defective strainsA. oryzae, 1087heterokaryosis, 1087risk of inducing toxin production, 1087

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskiihepatotoxicity, 1292isolation from water supply reservoir,

1292relationship to human hepatoenteritis,

1292Cystic fibrosis

characterization, 562P. aeruginosa mucoid strain, 562polymannuronic acid depolymerase, 562purification, 562

Cystsanimal infectivity, 1115excystation, 1115G. muris, 1115measurement of inactivation by

chlorine, 1115

Debariomyces hansenlibiopolymer gels, 108survival, 108water activity, 108

Deep ocean microbial biomasseffect of sewage outfalls, 1464

Deep ocean sewage outfallseffect on seawater and sediment

microbiota, 1464microbiology of surrounding sediment,

1464Deepoxytrichothecene metabolites

3'-hydroxy HT-2 toxin, 676rats, 676structures, 676T-2 tetraol, 676

Degradationanthracene, 81benzenoids, 304continuous culture, 946different ratios of biofilm surface to cul-

ture volume, 946intertidal marine sediments, 81legume root hair cell wall, 717microbes, 965mineralization, 81naphthalene, 81natural rubber vulcanizates, 965Nocardia sp. strain 385A, 965phenol, 946P. putida ATCC 11172, 946production of isoprene oligomers, 965Rhizobium sp., 717site of infection thread origin, 717T-2 mycotoxin in aqueous media, 1311W. succinogenes


Degradation, anaerobicrumen microorganisms

guaiacoxyacetic acid, 1451veratrylglycerol-3-guaiacyl ether,

1451Degradation of lignin

C. versicoloraromatic ring cleavage, 1505arylglycerol-3-aryl ether substructure,

1505arylglycerol--y-formyl ester produc-

tion, 1505P. chrysosporium

agitated submerged cultures, 1274Degradation of PCPFlavobacterium strains, 1512

Dehalogenationethylene dibromide transformation, 527methanogenic conditions, 527reductive, 527

Delignificationaspen wood, 133aspen wood blocks, 568in vitro, 568M. tremellosus, 133solid-state fermentation, 133white rot basidiomycetes

I. resinosum, 568P. medulla-panis, 568X. frustulatus, 568

Demerara abyssal plainintercepted particulates, 1002observations of barophilic microbial


DenaturantsB. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin

effect on larvicidal activity, 1196Denitrificationlow-oxygen waters, 801P. stutzeri mutantsgrowth in nitrous oxide, 1301

rates, 801stratified Baltic proper, 801

Deoxynivalenolbaking, 482cleaning, 482F. graminearum, 482milling, 482wheat, 482

Depolymerasescharacterization, 562cystic fibrosis, 562P. aeruginosa, 562polymannuronic acid, 562purification, 562

Desulfotomaculum spp.cell envelope proteins, 31Desulfovibrio spp., 31outer membrane proteins, 31

Desulfovibrio spp.cell envelope proteins, 31Desulfotomaculum spp., 31outer membrane proteins, 31

Desulfovibrio vulgarisacetate, 589coculture metabolism, 589methanol, 589sulfate-dependent interspecies H2

transfer, 589Detergents

B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxineffect on larvicidal activity, 1196

DetoxificationK. aerogenes in continuous culturecadmium, 1262lead, 1262mercury, 1262

2,4-Dichlorophenolfailure of inoculation to enhance biodeg-

radation, 977p-nitrophenol, 977Pseudomonas sp., 977

Dietassociation with Simonsiella spp., 704components, 704

normal human mouths, 704Diffusion in agar

Lutri plates, 1357method to study alga-bacterium interac-

tions, 1357Digesters, thermophilic

bacterial lipid analysismicrobial parameter characterization,

1428Dipeptide

axenic miceC. perenne inhibition, 1258

1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrieneethanol-induced growth inhibition, 685recovery of S. cerevisiae, 685

Direct Black 38human intestinal microbiota, 10metabolism, 10

Disinfecting capabilitieschlorate, 1162chlorine dioxide, 1162chlorite, 1162

Dispersal, aerialepiphytic bacteria

temporal variation, 1229weather conditions, 1229

Dissolved organic matteractivity, 508bacterial biomass, 508environmental variables, 508metabolic state, 508multiple assay comparisons, 508stream sediments, 508

DNAplasmid

isolation, 1103partial characterization, 1103

S. thermophilus, 1103DNA colony hybridization

enterotoxigenic E. colidetection and enumeration, 1187oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes,

1187DNA hybridization probes

B. vulgatus enumerationhuman feces, 958

species specific, 958DNA uptake

S. aureusenhancement by fibronectin, 1315

Drinking waterchlorine inactivation, 261coliform enumeration, 755dysgonic, heterotrophic bacteriataxonomic characterization method,

1213f2 bacteriophage, 261hepatitis A virus

concentratio methods, 1457filtration, 1457transmission, 1457

holding effects, 755human rotavirus, 261Norwalk virus, 261poliovirus type 1, 261samples, 755simian rotavirus, 261

Drinking water plumbing systemsL. pneumophila growth

chemical environment, 1149metals, 1149

Droplet enrichment factorsprodigiosin, 482

X SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xi

S. marcescensnonpigmented, 482pigmented, 482

D-Xyloseaerobic fermentation, 763Clavispora sp., 763ethanol, 763fermentation to ethanol by yeasts

optimal conditions, 1486Dysgonic, heterotrophic bacteriataxonomic characterization method


water distribution systems, 1213

Electrochemical classificationgram-negative bacteria, 229gram-positive bacteria, 229intestinal bacteria, 229

Elmsisolation of anaerobic cellulolytic

bacteria, 807maples, 807wetwood, 807

Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathwayA. amazonense, 183carbohydrate catabolism, 183

EndoglucanaseT. reesei Rut-C30microsomal fraction, 1137

Endoglucaneseactivity, 1068C. acetobutylicum, 1068xylanolytic activity, 1068

Endospore formationbutyrate-degrading bacteria, 1244

EndotoxinsB. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 984control of mosquito larvae, 984conversion factors, 918-endotoxin, 984E. coli, 91HIMA collaborative study, 91micro-lipid-droplet encapsidation, 984potency, 91

Energy sourcesattached iron-oxidizing bacteria, 460ferrous iron, 460growth kinetics, 460substrate utilization, 460

Enrichment brothsC. jejuni isolation from foods, 1313

Enrichment culturebutyrate-degrading bacteriagrowth patterns, 1244

Enrichment culturescoastal marine sediments, 491manganese reduction, 491

Enteric bacteriaresistance to multiple antibiotics, 930seasonal variation, 930sewage and oxidation lagoons, 930transfer, 930

Enteric virusesdetection and enumerationimmunoperoxidase method, 1308

Enterobacter aerogenesK. pneumoniae, 383microbially enhanced oil recovery, 383microbial penetration, 383nutrient-saturated Berea sandstone, 383

Enteropathogenschanges in virulence, 412

chlorine injury, 412waterborne, 412

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia colidetection and enumerationDNA colony hybridization, 1187oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes,

1187Enterotoxins

processing, 696S. aureus, 696staphylococcal enterotoxin A, 696transport, 696

Enterovirusessludge, 280wastewater treatment plants

effect of season on isolation rates, 280frequency of isolation, 280frequency of occurrence, 280identification, 280

Entner-Doudoroff pathwayA. amazonense, 183carbohydrate catabolism, 183

Enzymesanaerobiosis, 152ATP dependent, 777C. wickerhamii, 152degradation of lignocellulose medium,

859E. chrysanthemi EC16, 894E. coli, 894export

cellulolytic enzymes, 894pectolytic enzymes, 894

expression of ,-1,4-glucosidase, 152extracellular, 859galactokinase transport, 777L. edodes, 859production by cultivated mushroom, 859single-site chromosomal Tn5 insertions,

894S. thermophilus, 777

Epiphytic bacteriaaerosols from plant canopies

dispersal, 122912,13-Epoxytrichothecenesmammalian cells, 914protein synthesis, 914T-2, 914treatment with C-3-modified analogs,

914T-2 tetraol, 914

Equine cecal bacteriahabitat-simulating recovery medium,

1439nitrogen utilization patterns, 1439taxonomic distribution, 1439

Equine encephalomyelitis virusliquid-phase study, 882ozone inactivation, 882Venezuela, 882

Eremofortin Cchemical transformation, 729P. roqueforti, 729PR toxin, 729

Ergoline alkaloidsgenetics of formation, 558parasexual recombination, 558P. roqueforti, 558

Erwinia amylovorachromosomal mobilization, 1plasmid pULB113, 1R-prime formation, 1

Erwinia carotovora

chromosomal mobilization, 1plasmid pULB113, 1R-prime formation, 1

Erwinia chrysanthemichromosomal mobilization, 1plasmid pULB113, 1R-prime formation, 1

Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16E. coli, 894export


single-site chromosomal Tn5 insertions,894

Escherichia coliAfrican yellow baboons, 749antibiotic resistance, 749B. adolescentis, 468B. alba, 1007benzoate biotransformationPseudomonas TOL plasmid enzymes,

1409biochemical analysis, 364B. thuringiensis, 623C. freundii, 989conversion factors, 91culture conditions, 364E. chrysanthemi EC16, 894electrochemical classification, 238endotoxins, 91enumeration, 468export


fecal indicators, 468fluorigenic assay

detection in food, 1383LST-MUG medium, 1383

formation of filaments, 364growth on granular activated carbon

effect of river water organisms, 1378heat Ireatment, 292high-pressure liquid chromatography,

1007HIMA collaborative study, 91hydrophobicity of cell surface, 292insecticidal k-23 type crystal proteingenecloning, 623expression, 623

Israeli mirror carp, 989K. pneumoniae, 441mercury resistance, transfer, 38molecular mass of bacterial genomicDNA, 1007

National Reference StandardEndotoxin, 91

nutritional factors, 364osmotic tolerance, 441P. aeruginosa, 364permeability to crystal violet, 292P. fluorescens, 364plasmid copy number, 1007population structure, 749P. putida, 364proline overproduction, 441pseudomonads, 38recombinant plasmid, 441release of alkaline phosphatase, 292release of lipopolysaccharide, 292S. cerevisiae MG resistance gene ex-

pressionresistance to toxic compounds, 1200

VOL. 50, 1985


S. coelicolor, 1007sensitivity to phospholipase C, 292S. faecalis, 989single-site chromosomal TnS insertions,

894S. montevideo, 989strain AB1157adherence to roots, 392binding assay, 392colonization of roots, 392Flavobacterium sp. strain MtCa-7,

392P. fluorescens E6-22, 392Pseudomonas sp. strain WD-13, 392S. marcescens QMB 1466, 392

strain B, 1007strain HB101, 1007strain K-12carbon isotopic fractionation, 996electrochemical classification, 238heterotrophic microbial metabolism,

996strain W3110, 292S. typhimurium, 441survival, 468Tilapia aurea (Saratherodon aureus),989

tropical rain forest watersheds, 468vibrios, 38wastewater, 989X-ray microanalysis of individual cells


Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenicdetection and enumerationDNA colony hybridization, 1187oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes,

1187Esterase inhibitorsmetabolism of T-2 toxin, 115S-9 fraction, 115

Estuarine sedimentsVibrio spp. and A. hydrophilatemporal variation, 1490variation with sediment depth, 1490

Ethanolaerobic fermentation, 763C. acetobutylicum P262 mutants, 477Clavispora sp., 7631,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, 685D-xylose, 763production growth inhibition, 685production from '-xylose by yeasts

optimal conditions, 1486recovery of S. cerevisiae, 685

Ethanol productionS. bayanus fermentation

soy flour supplementation, 1333Ethylene dibromidemethanogenic conditions, 527reductive dehalogenation, 527transformation, 527

Euglena gracilis Ztocopherol production

low-temperature acclimation, 1404oxygen stress, 1404

Eutrophic lake2,4,5-trichloroaniline degradation

microbial processes, 1177photochemical processes, 1177

Excystationanimal infectivity, 1115

G. muris, 1115measurement of cyst inactivation by

chlorine, 1115Extracellular amylases

F. capsuligenumpurification and characterization, 1474

Fall turnoverlake sediments

terminal carbon metabolism, 1285Faucets

aerosol productionL. pneumophila transmission, 1128

Fecal coliformspotentiometric measurement

lipoic acid reduction, 1208Fecal indicators

B. adolescentis, 468E. coli, 468enumeration, 468survival, 468tropical rain forest watersheds, 468

FecesB. vulgatus

enumeration, 958human, 958species-specific DNA hybridization

probe, 958Fermentation

aerobic conditions, 763anaerobic degradation pathways, 292bacteriocin-producing organisms, 1538beer-spoilage bacteria

yeast antimicrobial activity, 1330benzoate, 292citric acidA. niger, 1336

Clavispora sp., 763D-xylose, 763ethanol, 763ethanol production from D-xylose

optimal conditions, 1486ferulate, 292methane, 292S. bayanus growth and concentrationenhancement by soy flour supplemen-

tation, 1333S. chartreusis

chartreusin production, 1192hydroheptin production, 1192

X. campestrishigh-viscosity whey broth production,

1483lactose utilization, 1483

yeasts, 1486Ferric hydroxide precipitation

cellulose filtersvirus concentration, 1502

Ferulateanaerobic degradation pathways, 292benzoate, 292facultatively anaerobic bacterium, 1052methane fermentation, 292sewage sludge, 1052transformation

fermentative, 1052oxidative, 1052

Fibronectinserum factor

S. aureus transfection enhancement,1315

Filamentsbiochemical analysis, 364

culture conditions, 364E. coli, 364formation, 364nutritional factors, 364P. aeruginosa, 364P. fluorescens, 364P. putida, 364

Filobasidium capsuligenumamylolytic system, 1474extracellular amylolytic enzymes, 1474starch hydrolysis, 1474

Filtersgranular activated carbon

pathogen growth, 1378virus detection in aerosols, 1181

Filters, charge-modifiedendotoxin removal

depth filters, 1375membrane filters, 1375

Filtrationdrinking water

hepatitis A virus concentration, 1457Fimbrial hemagglutinin

P. solanacearum, 605purification by sodium dodecyl sulfate-

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,605

reassembly, 605Fish

grazing of zooplankton, 187Israeli mirror carp, 989predation of freshwater bacteria, 187reactions to microorganisms

C. freundii, 989E. coli B, 989S. faecalis, 989S. montevideo, 989

Tilapia aurea (Saratherodon aureus),989

wastewater, 989Fish viscera, autolyzed

soluble peptides and amino acidsbacterial growth substrate, 1556

Flavobacterium sp.enhanced chlorine resistance, 21L. pneumophila, 21multiphase kinetics, 553transformation of methyl parathion, 553

Flavobacterium sp. strain MtCa-7adherence to roots, 392binding assay, 392colonization of roots, 392E. coli AB1157, 392Flavobacterium sp. strain MtCa-7, 392P. fluorescens E6-22, 392Pseudomonas sp. strain WD-13, 392S. marcescens QMB 1466, 392

Flavobacterium strainsdegradation of PCP, 1512isolation from Minnesota soils

selective enrichment, 1512taxonomic characterizationDNA/DNA hybridization, 1512metabolism, 1512plasmid analysis, 1512

Flocculation, organicdrinking water

hepatitis A virus concentration, 1457Flora

C. colliculosa, 727C. pulcherrima, 727C. stellata, 727fermentation of inoculated wines, 727

xii SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xiii

growthnatural yeasts, 727

H. anomala, 727K. apiculata, 727S. cerevisiae, 727

Fluorigenic assayE. coli

detection in food, 1383LST-MUG medium, 1383

Food contaminationE. coli

fluorigenic assay, 1383LST-MUG medium, 1383

Food poisoningC. jejuni isolationenrichment broths, 1313

isolation of histamine-producingL. buchneri, 1094

outbreak, 1094S. typhimurium phage type 10

identification as etiologic agent, 1279isolation from cheddar cheese, 1279

Swiss cheese, 1094V. vulnificus contamination of oystersdepuration and chilling, 1548

FoodsFrance, 763isolation

Y. enterocolitica, 763Y. frederiksenii, 763Y. intermedia, 763Y. kristensenii, 763

Fractionation, subcellularT. reesei Rut-C30

cytosol, 1137heavy vesicles, 1137microsomes, 1137

Freshwater bacteriafish predation, 187zooplankton grazing, 187

Freshwater lake2,4,5-trichloroaniline degradation


Freshwater sedimentsterminal carbon metabolism

fall turnover, 1285Fungi

C. elegans, 265, 649detoxification of hydrogen

1-nitropyrene, 649G. fasciculatum, 701G. mosseae, 701inoculation, 701metabolism, 265, 649response of S. grandiflora, 701S. typhimurium, 649tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate,

265Fungicidesrhizobium recovery, 1553

Fusaric acidanalogs, 311characterization, 311F. moniliforme NRRL 13,163, 311isolation, 311

Fusarium equisetiproduction of trichothecenes, 550Southeast Asia, 550toxigenic potential, 550

Fusarium graminearumbaking, 482cleaning, 482

deoxynivalenol, 482milling, 482wheat, 482

Fusarium moniliformecharacterization, 311fusaric acid analogs, 311isolation, 311production of trichothecenes, 550Southeast Asia, 550strain NRRL 13,163, 311toxigenic potential, 550

Fusarium proliferatumproduction of trichothecenes, 550Southeast Asia, 550toxigenic potential, 550

Fusarium roseum 'Graminearum'broiler chickens, 102TDP-1 mycotoxin, 102tibial dychondroplasia, 102trichothecenes, 102

Fusarium semitectumproduction of trichothecenes, 550Southeast Asia, 550toxigenic potential, 550

Fusarium solaniproduction of trichothecenes, 550Southeast Asia, 550toxigenic potential, 550

Fusarium subglutinansproduction of trichothecenes, 550Southeast Asia, 550toxigenic potential, 550

Fusarium tricinctumbrine shrimp assay, 656NRRL 3299, 656physicochemical analysis, 656production of trichothecenes


Galactokinaseactivity, 777ATP-dependent enzyme, 777S. thermophilus, 777

GalactoseATP, 772role of exogenous energy source, 772S. thermophilus, 772transport, 772

Gamma irradiationArabic breadimmunocompromised patients, 1531

Gas metabolismhydrogen-producing bacteria, 595lake sediments, 595methanogenic bacteria, 595sewage sludge, 595

Gauze swabsisolation of Campylobacter spp., 611membrane filters, 611surface water, 611

GELRITEagar substitute, 1107cultivationM. arboriphilus, 1107M. bryantii, 1107Methanobacterium sp., 1107M. formicicum, 1107M. ruminantium, 1107M. smithii, 1107

Genetic recombination

heterokaryons, 27lignocellulose, 27P. chrysosporium, 27protoplasts, 693T. fusca, 693transformation, 693

Germinationacidic environments, 274bacterial spores, 274B. cereus, 274C. botulinum, 274

strain Ba410, 795strain B-aphis, 795

inhibition, 274salt, 795spores, 795

Giardia cystsdetection and identification in water

immunofluorescence, 1434phase-contrast microscopy, 1434

waterborne disease, 1434Giardia muris

animal infectivity, 1115excystation, 1115measurement of cyst inactivation by

chlorine, 1115Giardia species

C. jejuni, 177muskrats, 177occurrence, 1770. zibethica, 177

Glomus fasciculatumG. mosseae, 701response of S. grandiflora, 701soil inoculation with

vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi, 701

Glomus mosseaeG. fasciculatum, 701response of S. grandiflora, 701soil inoculation with

vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi, 701

Glucoseacidophilic, heterotrophic bacteriataxonomic status, 573

catabolism, 573metabolism by bacterial mixture

yield coefficients, 1132Glucose uptake

C. acetobutylicumarsenate, 1165butanol, 1165

Glutamine synthetaseactivity, 1014S. dextrinosolvens, 1014S. ruminantium, 1014

Glycerolconversion to

3-hydroxypropionaldehydeK. pneumoniae aerobic growth, 1444optimal temperature and pH, 1444

Glycolytic enzyme polypeptidesidentification, 951S. bayanus, 951S. cerevisiae, 951two-dimensional protein map, 951wine yeasts, 951

Gramicidineffect on methanogenesis, 179inhibition, 179methanogenic bacteria, 179

Gram-negative enteric bacilli

VOL. 50, 1985


chickens, 638effect of antimicrobial agents, 638

GrassesBermuda grass, 825degradation, 825orchard grass, 825ruminal bacteria

B. fibriosolvens, 825B. succinogenes, 825L. multiparus, 825R. albus, 825R. flavefaciens, 825

Great Salt Lakehalophilic methanogen

characterization, 877isolation, 877

sediments, 877Gregatin A

P. gregataproduction and purification, 1328

soybean vascular browning, 1328Growth, aerobic

K. pneumoniaeconversion of glycerol to

3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, 1444Growth kinetics

attached iron-oxidizing bacteria, 460ferrous iron as energy source, 460substrate utilization, 460

Growth substratefish viscera, autolyzedcomparison with standard substrate,

1556preparation and testing, 1556soluble peptides and amino acids,

1556Guaiacoxyacetic acidrumen microorganisms

anaerobic degradation, 1451yeast extract medium, 1451

Habitat segregationbiochemical activities, 781marine bacteria, 781Vibrionaceae, 781

Halophilic methanogenscharacterization, 877Great Salt Lake, 877isolation, 877

Hansenula anomalafermentation of inoculated wines, 727growth, 727

Heat resistanceBacillus spores

killing temperature, 1414mineralization, 1414stabilization against killing, 1414

Heat treatmentdestruction of outer membrane perme-

ability barrier, 292E. coli W3110, 292

Hemicellulosebutanediol production, 924K. pneumoniae, 924sequential coculture, 924T. harzianum, 924

Hepatitis A virusconcentration from drinking water

filtration methods, 1457organic flocculation, 1457

HepatotoxicityC. raciborskii, 1292

Heterokaryons

genetic recombination, 27lignocellulose, 27P. chrysosporium, 27

HeterokaryosisA. oryzae cyclopiazonic acid-defective

strains, 1087risk of inducing toxin production, 1087

Heterotrophic bacteriataxonomic characterization method


water distribution systems, 1213Heterotrophic microbial metabolismcarbon isotopic fractionation, 996E. coli K-12, 996

Hexose monophosphate pathwayA. amazonense, 183carbohydrate catabolism, 183

High-arctic svalbard reindeerruminal microflora, 144seasonal changes, 144

High-pressure liquid chromatographybacterial investigations, 229B. alba, 1007E. coli B, 1007E. coli HB101, 1007gregatin A production

P. gregata, 1328marine environments, 229molecular mass of bacterial genomicDNA, 1007

muramic acid measurements, 229plasmid copy number, 1007S. coelicolor, 1007

Histaminefood poisoning outbreak, 1094isolation of L. buchneri, 1094Swiss cheese, 1094

Horsescecal bacteria

habitat-simulating recovery medium,1439

nitrogen utilization patterns, 1439taxonomic distribution, 1439

Hot-water faucetsaerosol production

L. pneumophila transmission, 1128H2 transfer

acetate, 589coculture metabolism, 589D. vulgaris, 589M. barkeri, 589methanol, 589sulfate-dependent interspecies, 589

Human diarrheal diseaseC. jejuni, 177Giardia spp., 177muskrats, 177

Human fecesB. vulgatus enumeration, 958species-specific DNA hybridization

probe, 958Human immune serum globulin

enteric virus detection and enumerationimmunoperoxidase method, 1308

Human intestinespectinolytic bacteria, isolation, 172pectinophilic bacteria, 172

Human lymphocyte blastogenesisinhibition by 8-ketotrichothecene, 1304inhibition by zearalenone, 1304

HumidityR. meliloti

drying rate, 207survival rate, 207

storage, 207Hydrogenase

determination of activity, 537individual soybean nodules, 537methylene blue reduction assay, 537plasmid pRL6JI, 791R. japonicum, 537R. leguminosarum, 791symbiotic nitrogen fixation, 791uptake activity, 791

Hydrogen 1-nitropyreneC. elegans, 649detoxification, 649fungal metabolism, 649S. typhimurium, 649

Hydrogen-producing bacteriagas metabolism, 595lake sediments, 595methanogenic bacteria, 595sewage sludge, 595

Hydroheptin productionfermentation by S. chartreusis

effect of copper, 1192effect of phosphate, 1192

3'-Hydroxy HT-2 toxinrats, 676structures of deepoxytrichothecene me-

tabolites, 676T-2 tetraol, 676

3-Hydroxypropionaldehydeproduction from glycerol

K. pneumoniae aerobic growth, 1444optimal temperature and pH, 1444

Immune deficiencybiological isolation, 1349microflora study, 1349severe combined immune deficiency,

1349Immune serum globulin, human

enteric virus detection and enumerationimmunoperoxidase method, 1308

Immunoassaysrapid detection of salmonellae, 670titanous hydroxide as solid phase, 670

Immunochemical studiesfermented milk product villi, 174S. cremoris, 174Triton X-100-soluble surface compo-

nents, 174Immunocompromised patients

cancer and bone marrow transplant pa-tientsgamma irradiation of Arabic bread,

1531Immunofluorescence

culture, 194determination of serological diversity

ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, 194nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, 194

environment, 194Giardia cysts

detection and identification, 1434Immunoperoxidase method

enteric virus detection and enumerationhuman immune serum globulin, 1308

Inactivation of viruses in watermethods of measurement

correction of deficiencies, 1144evaluation, 1144

Inclusion

xiv SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xv

B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 56components, 56composition, 56'Slubility, 56toxicity, 56

Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbentassaymycotoxins, 332zearalenone, 332

Indonesiadistribution of vibrios, 1388

Infectivityanimal, 1115excystation, 1115G. muris, 1115measurement of cyst inactivation by

chlorine, 1115Inoculant production

autoclaved peat, 398diluted liquid cultures, 398plant effectiveness, 398Rhizobium spp., 398sterility requirements, 398storage, 398

Inoculation2,4-dichlorophenol, 977failure to enhance biodegradation, 977p-nitrophenol, 977Pseudomonas sp., 977

InsecticidesB. thuringiensis, 623E. coli, 623k-23 type crystal protein gene


methyl parathion, 553transformation by Flavobacterium sp.,

553Interferons

batch culture, 503B. subtilis, 503cloned human leukocyte interferon, 503continuous culture, 503optimal production, 503restrained growth, 503

Intertidal marine sedimentsanthracene, 81degradation, 81mineralization, 81naphthalene, 81

Intestinal floraC. perenne in mouse intestines

effect of C. difficile, 1258effect of copper-dipeptide complex,

1258Intestinal microbial flora

malabsorption, 68phytohemagglutinin lectins, 68P. vulgaris, 68rats, 68small intestine, 68

IonsCa2", 1100effect on plasmid transformation of

protoplasts, 1100S. lactis, 1100

IrradiationArabic breadimmunocompromised patients, 1531

Ischnoderma resinosumaspen wood blocks, 568selective delignification, 568

Isoelectric focusing

rapid characterization of pecticenzymes, 615

sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamidegels, 615

IsoflavonesA. rabiei, 45biochanin A, 45degradation, 45glucoside conjugates, 45

Isolateshydrobiologically dissimilar aquatic

environments, 724serotypes of V. parahaemolytica, 724

Isolationbroth enrichment medium, 125C. jejuni, 535C. jejuni-C. coli, 125comparison of methods, 535raw milk, 535

Isoprene oligomersmicrobial degradation, 965natural rubber vulcanizates, 965Nocardia sp. strain 835A, 965production, 965

Kanamycinchickens, 638effect on gram-negative enteric bacilli,

6388-Ketotrichothecenehuman lymphocyte blastogenesis inhibi-

tion, 1304Kinetics

biodegradation, 323M. barkeri methanogenesis

effect of phosphate, 1233models, 323non-growth-supporting organic com-

pounds, 323Klebsiella aerogenes

detoxification in continuous culturecadmium, 1262lead, 1262mercury, 1262

Klebsiella oxytocacross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose


Klebsiella pneumoniaeaerobic growth

conversion of glycerol to3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, 1444

butanediol productioncellulose, 924hemicellulose, 924

cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulosedegradation, 634

E. aerogenes, 383E. coli, 441incidence in paper industry, 163microbially enhanced oil recovery, 383microbial penetration, 383nutrient-saturated Berea sandstone, 383osmotic tolerance, 441proline overproduction, 441recombinant plasmid, 441sequential coculture, 924S. typhimurium, 441T. harzianum, 924toxic shock syndrome, 634upper respiratory tract, 163

Kloeckera apiculataantimicrobial activity

identification and expression, 1330fermentation of inoculated wines, 727growth, 727

Kluyveromyces lactisphenotypic expression of killer toxin,

257S. cerevisiae, 257S. diastaticus, 257S. uvarum (carlsbergensis), 257

Kluyveromyces thermotoleransantimicrobial activity

identification and expression, 1330

Lachnospira multiparusBermuda grass, 825degradation, 825orchard grass, 825

Lactic acid bacteriarecovery after lyophilization

effect of rehydration medium, 1339Lactobacillus acidophilus

electrochemical classification, 238strain ATCC 4356, 238

Lactobacillus buchnerifood poisoning outbreak, 1094histamine producing, 1094isolation, 1094Swiss cheese, 1094

Lactobacillus caseielectrochemical classification, 238strain ATCC 393, 238

Lactobacillus fermentumelectrochemical classification, 238strain ATCC 9338, 238

Lactobacillus lactis TS4metabolism, 1550nitrite reductioncarbon dioxide production, 1550kinetics, 1550nitrous oxide production, 1550

Lactobacillus plantarumplasmid visualization

rapid screening procedure, 1319UV irradiation and electrophoresis,

1319Lactose utilizationX. campestris

high-viscosity whey broth production,1483

whey fermentation, 1483Laetisaria arvalis

population dynamics, 1123R. solani hyperparasite, 1123

Lakescoastal lagoon, 426incidence


influence of discharges, 426seawater, 426terminal carbon metabolism

fall turnover, 12852,4,5-trichloroaniline degradation, 1177

Lake sedimentsgas metabolism, 595hydrogen-producing bacteria, 595methanogenic bacteria, 595sewage sludge, 595

Lamellaebroth medium, 690ultrastructure of sporulating B. larvae,

690Larvicidal activity

VOL. 50, 1985


B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxinstability to amino acid modification,

1196stability to chemical treatments, 1196

LarvicideB. thuringiensis

spore survival in soil, 1496Leaching parameterscyanobacterium LPP OL3growth medium, 1296particle size, 1296protein concentration, 1296pulp density, 1296temperature, 1296

Leaddetoxification by K. aerogenes

sulfide formation, 1262interaction with P. atlantica

bioreactor system, 1155Legionella pneumophila

aerosolshot-water faucets, 1128shower heads, 1128

drinking water plumbing systemschemical environment, 1149growth, 1149metals, 1149

enhanced chlorine resistance, 21Flavobacterium sp., 21tap water adapted, 21transmission via aerosols, 1128

LegumesRhizobium sp. degradation, 717root hair cell wall, 717site of infection thread origin, 717

Lentinus edodesdegradation of lignocellulose medium,

859extracellular enzymes, 859

Leuconostoc oenosAustralian wines, 872bacteriophages


biochemical properties, 680characterization, 680decomposition of malic acid, 680Oregon wines, 680

Lignindegradation by C. versicolor

aromatic ring cleavage, 1505arylglycerol-,-aryl ether substructure,

1505arylglycerol-y-formyl ester produc-

tion, 1505degradation by P. chrysosporium

agitated submerged cultures, 1274Ligninase

activity in culture, 1274production by P. chrysosporium

agitated submerged cultures, 1274Lignin model compounds

veratrylglycerol-3-guaiacyl etheranaerobic degradation by rumen

microorganisms, 1451Lignocellulose

genetic recombination, 27heterokaryons, 27P. chrysosporium, 27

Lignocellulose mediumdegradation, 859extracellular enzymes, 859L. edodes, 859

Limulus amebocyte lysate testpyrogenicity detection

C. albicans, 1509gram-negative bacteria, 1509gram-positive bacteria, 1509sensitivity and specificity, 1509

Lipid analysisthermophilic anaerobic digesterscommunity structure, 1428microbial biomass, 1428nutritional status, 1428

Lipoic acidreduction by fecal coliforms

potentiometric measurement, 1208LipopolysaccharidesR. japonicum

isolation, 12192-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid content,

1219SDS-PAGE analysis, 1219

Liposanbioemulsifier, 846characterization, 846C. lipolytica, 846purification, 846

Liquid-phase studiesequine encephalomyelitis virus, 882ozone inactivation, 882Venezuela, 882

LiverY. enterocoliticacopper-induced injury, 406reduced virulence, 406

Lyophilizationlactic acid bacteria

effect of rehydration medium onrecovery, 1339

Macroptilium atropurpureumroot nodulation, 732stem nodulation, 732

Mahimahiisolation of spoilage bacteria, 546low-temperature production of urocanic

acid, 546Malabsorption

intestinal microbial flora, 68phytohemagglutinin lectins, 68P. vulgaris, 68rats, 68small intestine, 68

Malic aciddecomposition, 680L. oenos

biochemical properties, 680characterization, 680

Oregon wines, 680Mammalian cells

12,13-epoxytrichothecenesT-2, 914T-2 tetraol, 914

protein synthesis, 914treatment with C-3-modified analogs,914

Manganesecoastal marine sediments, 491enrichment cultures, 491reduction, 491

Mannitoldifferent uptake systems, 743maintenance during starvation, 743marine bacteria

fermentative, 743

oxidative, 743Pseudomonas sp., 743Vibrio sp., 743

Mapleselms, 807isolation of anaerobic cellulolytic

bacteria, 807wetwood, 807

Marine bacteriaA. luteoviolacea, 543ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, 194biochemical activities, 781biofilm buildup, 837characterization of extracellular

polysaccharideschemical, 837physical, 837

habitat segregation, 781initial attachment, 837mannitol uptake systems, 743most-probable-number analysis, 350N2-fixing bacteria

characterization, 350enumeration, 350isolation, 350

nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, 194occurrence of ,-aminoglutaric acid, 543Pseudomonas sp., 743Pseudomonas sp. strain NCMB 2021,

837serological diversity

culture, 194environment, 194immunofluorescence, 194

starvation, 743Vibrionaceae, 781Vibrio sp., 743

Marine environmentsbacterial investigations, 229high-pressure liquid chromatography,

229muramic acid measurement

coastal sediments, 229sea surface microlayer, 229water column, 229

Marine fjordMn(II) oxidation

Mn(II) concentration, 1268oxygen tension, 1268temperature, 1268

Marine sedimentsVibrio spp. and A. hydrophilatemporal variation, 1490variation with sediment depth, 1490

Mat formationBeggiatoa spp., 373oxygen responses, 373

Meatsdirect isolation, 710Y. enterocolitica, 710Y. pseudotuberculosis, 710

Mediaanaerobic chemostat, 202broth enrichment medium, 125charcoal agar, 868combination of immunodiffusion proce-

dure and Dezfulian medium, 1110cuiltivation of C. perfringens, 202detection of C. botulinum, 1110enrichment broths

C. jejuni isolation, 1313fish disease bacterium, 868

xvi SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xvii

isolation of C. jejlni-C. coli, 125rehydration medium

recovery of lyophilized bacteria, 1339R. sablnoninarui,n, 868

Media, aqueousT-2 mycotoxin stability, 1311

Membrane filtersgauze swabs, 611isolation of Campylohacter spp., 611surface water, 611

Mercuryanoxic estuarine sediment, 498detoxification by K. aer-oge,wes

abiotic volatilization, 1262sulfide formation, 1262

principal methylators, 498sulfate-reducing bacteria, 498

Mercury resistanceE. coli, 38pseudomonads, 38salts. 38temperature, 38transfer, 38vibrios, 38

MAeriliius treniellosiusaspen wood, 133delignification, 133solid-state fermentation, 133

Metabolismaerobic glucose metabolism

yield coefficients, 1132carcinogens, 10Direct Black 38, 10esterase inhibitors, 115human intestinal microbiota, 10modification, 115T-2 toxin, 115

Metabolism, carbonlake sediments

chemical changes, 1285fall turnover, 1285seasonal variation, 1285

Metal-biofilm interactionsbioreactor system, 1155

Metalsbiofilm interaction

bioreactor system, 1155detoxification by K. aerogenes, 1262L. pneuinoplhila growth, 1149

Methaneanaerobic degradation pathways, 292benzoate, 292fermentation, 292ferulate, 292inhibition experiments, 940oxidation, 940sulfate reduction, 940

Methane-producing thermophilic digestersbacterial lipid analysis


Methanobacterium brvantiicultivation, 1107effect of gramicidin, 179GELRITE, 1107inhibition, 179strain M.o.H.G., 1107

Methanobacteriu,n formnicicumcultivation, 1107effect of gramicidin, 179GELRITE, 1107inhibition, 179strain MF, 1107

Methanobacterilon sp.

cultivation, 1107GELRITE, 1107strain FR-2, 1107

Methanobacteriumn sp. G2Reffect of gramicidin, 179inhibition, 179

Methanobacteriurm thertnoalitotrophicutneffect of gramicidin, 179inhibition, 179

Methanobrei'ibacter arboriphiliiscultivation, 1107effect of gramicidin, 179GELRITE, 1107inhibition, 179strain A2, 1107

Methanobrev ibacter ru!ninantiitncultivation, 1107GELRITE, 1107strain Ml, 1107

Methanobrei ibac ter sinitliicultivation, 1107effect of gramicidin, 179GELRITE. 1107inhibition, 179strain PS, 1107

Methanococcus Ioltaeeffect of gramicidin, 179inhibition, 179

MethanogenesisM. barkeri

effect of phosphate, 1233kinetics, 1233

Methanogenic bacteriaacid-tolerant strain, 1542antigenic fingerprinting, 1542gas metabolism, 595growth conditions, 1542hydrogen-producing bacteria, 595isolation from peatlands, 1542lake sediments, 595sewage sludge, 595

Metlhanogeniion inarisnigrieffect of gramicidin, 179inhibition, 179

Methanogensassociation with butyrate-degrading bac-

teria, 1244characterization, 140. 877Great Salt Lake, 877isolation, 140, 877solar saltern, 140strain SF1, DSM 3243, 140trimethylamine, 140

Methanolacetate, 589coculture metabolism, 589D. vilgaris, 589M. barkeri, 589sulfate-dependent interspecies H,

transfer, 589Methanosarcina barkeri

acetate, 589coculture metabolism, 589D. vwlgaris, 589effect of gramicidin, 179inhibition, 179methanogenesis

effect of phosphate, 1233kinetics, 1233

methanol. 589sulfate-dependent interspecies H.

transfer, 589

Methanosarcina mazeieffect of gramicidin, 179inhibition, 179

Methanosarcina sp.nutritional requirements, 49strain TM-1, 49

Methanospirillum hungatei GP1effect of gramicidin, 179inhibition, 179

Methanospirillum hungatei JF1effect of gramicidin, 179inhibition, 179

Methylene blue reduction assaydetermination of hydrogenase activity,

537individual soybean nodules, 537R. japonicuin, 537

Methylglyoxal resistance geneS. cerei'isiae

cloning, 1200expression in E. coli, 1200phenotypic characteristics, 1200wild-type yeast strain breeding, 1200

Methyl parathionmultiphasic kinetics, 553transformation by Flavobacterium sp.,

553Mice, axenic

C. perenne in intestineseffect of C. difficile, 1258effect of copper-dipeptide complex,

1258Microbial activity

correlation with sewage sludge biomasseffect of temperature, 1395

Microbial decompositionacidifying lakes, 315bacterial counts, 315cellulose, 315central Ontario, 315reduced pH, 315

Microbial degradationnatural rubber vulcanizates, 965Nocardia sp. strain 385A, 965production of isoprene oligomers, 965

Microbially enhanced oil recoveryE. aerogenes, 383K. pneumoniae, 383microbial penetration, 383nutrient-saturated Berea sandstone, 383strain BCI-1NS, 383

Microbial mineralizationMoraxella sp. strain G, 447ortho-cleavage pathway, 447ring-substituted anilines, 447

Microbial Mn(lI) oxidationMn(Il) concentration, 1268oxygen tension, 1268temperature, 1268

Microbial nucleic acid synthesis[3H]adenine, 706measurement, 70632P04, 706specific growth rate, 706

Microbial penetrationE. aerogenes, 383K. pneumoniae, 383microbially enhanced oil recovery, 383nutrient-saturated Berea sandstone, 383

Microfloraoutdoor experimental streams, 127pentachlorophenol, 127

VOL. 50, 1985


stream compartmental contributions,127

Microflora studycontrolled environment, 1349isolator-maintained immunodeficient

child, 1349severe combined immune deficiency,

1349Micro-lipid-droplet encapsidation

B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 984control of mosquito larvae, 9848-endotoxin, 984

Mineralizationacidic, xeric forest soils, 454anthracene, 81Bacillus spores

heat resistance, 1414killing temperature, 1414stabilization against killing, 1414

bacterial populations, 337carbon, 454degradation, 81dissimilar bacterial densities, 816effects of chemical speciation, 337induction of new activities, 454intertidal marine sediments, 81naphthalene, 81naturally occurring microbial communi-

ties, 337nonlinear estimation of parameters ofMonod kinetics, 816

nutrient cycling, 454organic compounds, 337plant-microbe associations, 454substrate concentrations, 8162,4,5-trichloroaniline degradation


Mn(II) oxidationMn(II) concentration, 1268oxygen tension, 1268temperature, 1268

Modelskinetics of biodegradation, 323non-growth-supporting organic com-

pounds, 323Molecular analysis

identification of S. typhimurium phagetype 10, 1279

Monoclonal antibody-based immunoassayC. botulinum, 63mouse bioassay, 63neurotoxins, 63

Monod kineticsdissimilar bacterial densities, 816mineralization of substrate concentra-

tions, 816nonlinear estimation of parameters, 816

Moraxella sp.microbial mineralization, 447ortho-cleavage pathway, 447ring-substituted anilines, 447strain G, 447

MosquitoesB. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 984control of larvae, 9845-endotoxin, 984micro-lipid-droplet encapsidation, 984

Most-probable-number analysisN2-fixing bacteria

charactcrization, 350enumeration, 350isolation, 350

seawater, 350Mouse bioassay

C. botulinum, 63monoclonal antibody-based immuno-

assay, 63neurotoxins, 63

Mouthsdietary components, 704normal humans, 704Simonsiella spp., 704

Muramic acidbacterial investigations, 229coastal sediments, 229high-pressure liquid chromatography,

229marine environments, 229measurements, 229sea surface microlayer, 229water column, 229

Mushroomsdegradation of lignocellulose medium,

859extracellular enzymes, 859L. edodes, 859

Muskratshuman diarrheal disease

C. jejuni, 177Giardia spp., 177

0. zibethica, 177Mycotoxins

broiler chickens, 102F. roseum 'Graminearum,' 102indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent

assay, 3328-ketotrichothecene and zearalenonehuman lymphocyte blastogenesis,

1304stability in aqueous media

effect of temperature, 1311HBSS, 1311tissue culture medium, 1311

TDP-1, 102tibial dyschondroplasia, 102zearalenone, 332

Myrothecium roridumtrichothecene production

7a-hydroxytrichodermol, 1225

NADH/NAD ratioamino acid deamination, 1368rumen microorganisms, 1368

Naphthaleneanthracene, 81degradation, 81intertidal marine sediments, 81mineralization, 81

NectariesA. flaius, 602cotton bolls, 602entry sites, 602

Negative-stain electron microscopycell cultures, 523membrane-associated viral complexes,

523stools, 523

NeurotoxinsC. botulinumn, 63monoclonal antibody-based immuno-

assay, 63mouse bioassay, 63

N,-fixing bacteriacharacterization, 350enumeration, 350

isolation, 350most-probable-number analysis, 350seawater, 350

nif genesnitrogen fixation, 41R. fredii, 41soybean nodulation, 41

Nitratesammonium, 812dissimilatory reduction, 812nitrite, 812nitrous oxide, 812P. putrefaciens, 812

Nitriteammonium, 812dissimilatory nitrate reduction, 812nitrous oxide, 812P. putrefaciens, 812

Nitrite-oxidizing bacteriaammonia-oxidizing bacteria, 194immunofluorescence

culture, 194environment, 194

serological diversity, 194Nitrite reduction

L. lactis TS4carbon dioxide production, 1550nitrous oxide production, 1550

NitrogenA. brasilense, 1021A. lipoferum, 1021B. macerans, 1021cellulose decomposition, 1021C. gelida, 1021fixation, 1021plasmid pRL6JI, 791R. leguminosarum, 791symbiotic fixation, 791uptake hydrogenase activity, 791

Nitrogen fixationnif genes, 41R. fredii, 41soybean nodulation, 41

Nitrogen limitationR. flavefaciens survival, 1361

Nitrogen utilizationequine cecal bacteria, 1439

Nitrous oxideammonium, 812dissimilatory nitrate reduction, 812nitrite, 812P. putrefaciens, 812P. stutzeri denitrification mutants

growth, 1301Nitrous oxide emission

acid coniferous forest soilsoil pH, 1519

autotrophic ammonium oxidation, 1519Nitrous oxide production

L. lactis TS4nitrite reduction, 1550

N-Nitrosodimethylamineaqueous systems, 1077biodegradation, 1077soil systems, 1077

Nocardia sp., strain 835Amicrobial degradation, 965natural rubber vulcanizates, 965production of isoprene oligomers, 965

NodulationAeschynomene spp., 733A. hypogaea, 733

xviii SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xix

formation of high number of nodules onalfalfa, 1118

M. atropurpiureirn, 733regulation, 1118R. meliloti 102F15, 1118R. meliloti 102F15 mutant (WL3A150),

1118root, 733S. guiianensis, 733S. rosstrata, 733stem, 733

Nodulation of bean plantsrhizobia from ineffective alfalfa nodules

soil acidity, 1422Nodules

alfalfa, 1118regulation, 1118R. meliloti

strain 102F15, 1118strain 102F15 mutant (WLA150), 1118

Norwalk virusdrinking water, 261f2 bacteriophage, 261human rotavirus, 261inactivation by chlorine, 261poliovirus type 1, 261simian rotavirus, 261

Nutrientsacid, xeric forest soils, 454carbon mineralization, 454plant-microbe associations, 454

Nutrient starvationnitrogen or cellobiose limitation

R. flav'efaciens survival, 1361Nutrition

anaerobic chemostat, 202Methianosarcina sp. strain TM-1requirements of C. perfringens, 202

Ochratoxin Abarley, 529radioimmunoassay, 529

OdorsC. dailsae, 1048potatolike, 1048pyrazines, 1048S. ficaria, 1048S. odorifera, 1048S. rtubidacea, 1048

Oil recoveryrock matrix contamination

bacteriophage gh-1, 1545P. ptutida, 1545

Oligodeoxyribonucleotide probesenterotoxigenic E. coli

detection and enumeration, 1187DNA colony hybridization, 1187

Orchard grassBermuda grass, 825degradation, 825ruminal bacteria, 825

Organic compoundsbacterial populations, 337effects of chemical speciation, 337mineralization, 337naturally occurring microbial communi-

ties, 337Organic solvents

B. thutringiensis subsp. israelensis toxineffect on larvicidal activity, 1196

ortho-Cleavage pathwaymicrobial mineralization, 447Moraxella sp. strain G, 447

ring-substituted anilines, 447Oscillatoria sp. strain Miami B67

activities measured amperometricallyoxygen-dependent hydrogen uptake,


A. cvlindrica, 287Osmotic supports

presence during starvation, 713survival of S. cerevi.siae, 713

Osmotic toleranceE. coli. 441K. pnelumoniiae, 441proline overproduction, 441recombinant plasmid, 441S. typhimruriutn, 441

Outer membrane permeability barrierdestruction by heat treatment, 292E. coli W3110, 292hydrophobicity of cell surface, 292permeability to crystal violet, 292release of alkaline phosphatase, 292release of lipopolysaccharide, 292sensitivity to phospholipase C, 292

Outer membrane proteinsDesulfototnaculum spp., 31Desulfov'ibrio spp., 31sulfate-reducing bacteria, 31

Oxidationanaerobic methane, 940inhibition experiments, 940Mn(ll), microbially catalyzed

Mn(Il) concentration, 1268oxygen tension, 1268temperature, 1268

sulfate reduction, 940Oxychlorine compounds

disinfecting capabilities, 1162effect on f2 virus, 1162

OxygenBeggiatoa spp., 373denitrification rates, 801low concentrations in water. 801mat formation, 373responses, 373stratified Baltic proper. 801

Oxygen concentrationE. gracilis Z

tocopherol production, 1404Oyster mushroom

yellow blotch diseasehumidity-symptom correlation, 1535Pseidomnonas agar-ici, 1535

Oysters (Criassostrea virginica)shellfish-associated human illness, 1548V. twl1nificus uptake and clearancetemporal variation, 1548

Ozoneinactivation, 882liquid-phase study, 882Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis

virus, 882

Paper industryK. pneirnoniae, 163microbial incidence in upper respiratory

tracts, 163Parasporal crystals of B. thur/ingiensis

survival in soil, 1496Passive diffusion technique

concentration of short-chain volatilefatty acids, 1112

seawater, 1112Peat bogs

bacterial growthA. plluliains, 160A. Oiscosis, 160B. siubtilis, 160R. arrlizils, 160X. campestris, 160

dewatering, 160pressate, 160substrates, 160

Peatlandsmethanogenic bacteriagrowth conditions, 1542isolation, 1542

Pectic enzymesisoelectric focusing, 615rapid characterization, 615sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide

gels, 615Pectinolytic bacteriahuman intestine, 172isolation, 172limited nutrition, 172

Pediococusc(erevisiaeplasmid DNA, 532P. pentosaceius, 532

Pediococcus pentosaceitsbacteriocin activity, 1538P. cerei'isiae, 532plasmid DNA, 532plasmid pMD136, 1538

Penicilliumn digiitiutundevelopment of tolerance, 919inhibitory effects

potassium sorbate, 919sorbic acid, 919

P. italicum, 919Penicillium italiciumdevelopment of tolerance, 919inhibitory effects

potassium sorbate, 919sorbic acid, 919

P. digitatitutu, 919Penic/illiun roqueforti

chemical transformation, 729eremofortin C, 729genetics of ergoline alkaloid formation,

558parasexual recombination, 558PR toxin, 729

Penicuillum candidumnbiopolymer gels, 108survival, 108water activity, 108

Pentachlorophenoldegradation

Flav'obacteriumn strains, 1512outdoor experimental streams, 127response of microflora, 127stream compartmental contributions,

127Plhatneroclhaete chrly'sosporium

agitated submerged culturesligninase production, 1274lignin degradation, 1274use of detergent, 1274

genetic recombination, 27heterokaryons, 27lignocellulose, 27

Phase-contrast microscopy

VOL. 50, 1985


Giardia cystsdetection and identification, 1434

Phaseolus vulgarisintestinal microbial flora, 68malabsorption, 68phytohemagglutinin lectins, 68rats, 68small intestine, 68

Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) Savi. (commonbean)nodulation by rhizobia

soil acidity, 1422Phenol

continuous culture, 946degradation, 946different ratios of biofilm surface to cul-

ture volume, 946P. putida ATCC 11172, 946

Phialophora gregatagregatin A production and purificationHPLC, 1328liquid extraction, 1328rice culture, 1328

pH, internalC. acetobutylicumATPase, 1165butanol, 1165nigericin, 1165

Phosphatefermentation by S. chartreusis

effect on chartreusin production, 1192effect on hydroheptin production,

1192Phosphate limitationM. barkeri methanogenesis

kinetics, 1233uncoupling from cell growth, 1233

Photochemical degradationeutrophic lake, 11772,4,5-trichloroaniline, 1177

Physicochemical analysisbrine shrimp assay, 656F. tricinctum NRRL 3299, 656production of trichothecenes


Phytohemagglutinin lectinsintestinal microbial flora, 68malabsorption, 68P. vulgaris, 68rats, 68small intestine, 68

Phytotoxinsgregatin A from P. gregata

production and purification, 1328Plasmids

attack by lytic bacteriophages, 851chromosomal mobilization, 1conjugal plasmid pTR2030, 851DNA, 532


E. amylovora, 1E. carotovora, 1E. chrysanthemi, 1E. coli, 441effect of Ca2+ ions on transformation,

1100K. pneumoniae, 441nif genes, 41nitrogen fixation, 41

osmotic tolerance, 441pAMP1 and pIP501

conjugative transfer to L. plantarum,1319

visualization procedures, 1319P. cerevisiae, 532plasmid pRL6JI, 791P. pentosaceus, 532P. pentosaceus pMD136

bacteriocin immunity, 1538bacteriocin production, 1538food fermentation applications, 1538

proline overproduction, 441pULB113, 1recombinant plasmid, 441R. fredii, 41R. japonicum symbiotic plasmid, 1219R. leguminosarum, 791R-prime formation, 1S. cremoris M12R transconjugants, 851S. lactis protoplasts, 1100soybean nodulation, 41S. thermophilus, 1103S. typhimurium, 441symbiotic nitrogen fixation, 791T. ferrooxidans spheroplasts, 721Thermus spp. from Yellowstone

National Park, 1325transformation, 721uptake hydrogenase activity, 791

Plastic surfacesS. epidermis adherence

agar overlay method, 1322Pleurotus ostreatus

yellow blotch diseasehumidity-symptom correlation, 1535Pseudomonas agarici, 1535

Plumbing systemsL. pneumophila growth

chemical environment, 1149metals, 1149

p-Nitrophenol2,4-dichlorophenol, 977failure of inoculation to enhance biodeg-

radation, 977Pseudomonas sp., 977

Polioviruseschlorine inactivation, 261detection in aerosols

aerosol collection device, 1181filter method, 1181

drinking water, 261type 1, 261

Polychlorinated biphenylsbiphenyls, 1058kinetics of metabolism, 1058soil, 1058

Polymannuronic acidcharacterization, 562cystic fibrosis, 562depolymerase, 562P. aeruginosa, 562purification, 562

PolymersArthrobacter sp., 629characterization, 629production, 629

Polysaccharidesbiofilm buildup, 837characterization

chemical, 837physical, 837

initial attachment, 837

marine bacterium, 837Pseudomonas sp. strain NCMB 2021,

837Polysaccharides, extracellularR. japonicum

composition, 1219glycosyl linkages, 1219isolation, 1219

Pondsbacterial thiosalt oxidation, 663parameters for operation, 663volume definition, 663

PopulationAfrican yellow baboons, 749antibiotic resistance, 749E. coli, 749structure, 749

Population dynamicsL. arvalis, 1123R. solani, 1123sugar beet, 1123

Populus tremuloidesdelignification, 133M. tremellosus, 133solid-state fermentation, 133

Poria medulla-panisaspen wood blocks, 568selective delignification, 568

Potassium sorbatedevelopment of tolerance, 919inhibitory effect, 919P. digitatum, 919P. italicum, 919

Potentiometric measurementlipoic acid reduction by fecal coliforms,

1208Pressates

peat dewatering, 160substrate for bacterial growthA. pullulans, 160A. viscosus, 160B. subtilis, 160R. arrhizus, 160X. campestris, 160

Prodigiosindroplet enrichment factors, 482possible selective function, 482S. marcescens

nonpigmented, 482pigmented, 482

ProlineE. coli, 441K. pneumoniae, 441osmotic tolerance, 441overproduction, 441recombinant plasmid, 441S. typhimurium, 441

Proteaseactivation, 737B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, 737deficient mutant, 1031entomocidal protoxin, 737extracellular, 1038growth of A. salmonicida, 1031perioxidase-antiperioxidase reagent,

1038P. fragi, 1038producer, 1031significance, 1031ultrastructural localization, 1038

Protease activityC. botulinuim, 16inhibition, 16

xx SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xxi

sodium acid pyrophosphate, 16Protein

12,13-epoxytrichothecenesT-2, 914T-2 tetraol, 914

mammalian cells, 914synthesis, 914treatment with C-3-modified analogs,914

ProteinasesB. subtilis, 94cloning, 94expression, 94S. cremoris, 94S. lactis, 94

Proteus mirabiliscross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose


Proteus vulgariselectrochemical classification, 238gram-positive bacteria, 238

Proton motive forcegrowth of C. acetobutylicum

acetogenic conditions, 1043solventogenic conditions, 1043

membrane potential, 1043transmembrane pH gradient, 1043

Protoplastscell wall regeneration, 1097C. perfringens, 1097effect of Ca2 + ions on plasmid transfor-

mation, 1100formation, 1097genetic recombination, 693S. lactis, 1100T. fusca, 693transformation, 693

ProtoxinsB. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, 737entomocidal, 737protease activation, 737

Pseudomonas aeruginosabiochemical analysis, 364characterization, 562culture conditions, 364cystic fibrosis, 562E. coli, 364formation of filaments, 364mucoid strain, 562nutritional factors, 364P. fluorescens, 364polymannuronic acid depolymerase, 562P. putida, 364purification, 562

Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotypeP. stutzeri denitrification mutantsgrowth in nitrous oxide, 1301

Pseudomonas agariciisolation and characterization, 1535pathogenicity studies, 1535yellow blotch diseasehumidity-symptom correlation, 1535P. ostreatus (oyster mushroom), 1535

Pseudomonas atlanticainteraction with lead

bioreactor system, 1155Pseudomonas fluorescens

adherence to roots, 392binding assay, 392biochemical analysis, 364colonization of roots, 392culture conditions, 364

E. coli, 364E. coli AB1157, 392Flavobacterium sp. strain MtCa-7, 392formation of filaments, 364nutritional factors, 364P. aeruginosa, 364P. putida, 364Pseudomonas sp. strain WD-13, 392S. marcescens QMB 1466, 392strain E6-22, 392

Pseudomonas fragiperioxidase-antiperioxidase reagent,

1038ultrastructural localization of an extra-

cellular protease, 1038Pseudomonas pickettii

contamination of commercial sterile so-lutions, 1343

growth dynamics and conditions, 1343growth in "sterile" saline, 1343

Pseudomonas putidaATCC 11172

continuous culture, 946different ratios of biofilm surface to

culture volume, 946phenol degradation, 946

biochemical analysis, 364culture conditions, 364E. coli, 364formation of filaments, 364interaction with bacteriophage gh-1,

1545nutritional factors, 364P. aeruginosa, 364passage through Berea sandstone, 1545P. fluorescens, 364strain 40, 364

Pseudomonas putrefaciensammonium, 812dissimilatory nitrate reduction, 812nitrite, 812nitrous oxide, 812

Pseudomonas solanacearumpurification of subunit, 605reassembly of fimbiral hemagglutinin,

605sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide

gel electrophoresis, 605Pseudomonas sp.

adherence to roots, 392binding assay, 392biofilm buildup, 837characterization of extracellular

polysaccharideschemical, 837physical, 837

colonization of roots, 3922,4-dichlorophenol, 977E. coli AB1157, 392failure of inoculation to enhance biodeg-

radation, 977Flavobacterium sp. strain MtCa-7, 392initial attachment, 837mannitol uptake systems, 743marine bacteria, 743P. fluorescens E6-22, 392p-nitrophenol, 977S. marcescens QMB 1466, 392starvation, 743strain NCMB 2021, 837strain WD-13, 392Vibrio sp., 743

Pseudomonas stutzeri

denitrification mutantsgrowth in nitrous oxide, 1301nitrous oxide reduction, 1301P. aeruginosa phenotype, 1301

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicolacomplementation of auxotrophic

mutants, 169cosmid clone library, 169cosmid vector pVK102, 169isolation of wild-type genes, 169

Pseudomonas TOL plasmid enzymesE. coli K-12

benzoate biotransformation, 1409xylD and xylDL genes, 1409

PyrazinesC. davisae, 1048potatolike odor, 1048S. ficaria, 1048S. odorifera, 1048S. rubidaea, 1048

Pyrogenicity detectionLimulus amebocyte lysate test, 1509rabbit pyrogen assay, 1509

Rabbit pyrogen assaypyrogenicity detection

C. albicans, 1509gram-negative bacteria, 1509gram-positive bacteria, 1509sensitivity and specificity, 1509

Radioimmunoassaysbarley, 529ochratoxin A, 529

Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchusruminal microflora, 144seasonal changes, 144

Rats3'-hydroxy HT-2 toxin, 676structures of deepoxytrichothecene me-

tabolites, 676T-2 tetraol, 676

Raw milkC. jejuni, 535methods for isolation, 535

Reactor turbulenceaspartate transport system, 120thin wastewater biofilms, 120

Reagentsperioxidase-antiperioxidase, 1038P. fragi, 1038ultrastructural localization of an extra-

cellular protease, 1038Recombination

genetics of ergoline alkaloid formation,558

parasexual, 558P. roquefortii, 558

Reduced pHacidifying lakes, 315bacterial counts, 315cellulose, 315central Ontario, 315microbial decomposition, 315

Reducing-equivalent disposalamino acid deamination, 1368rumen microorganisms, 1368

Rehydrationlyophilized lactic acid bacteria

effect of rehydration medium on re-covery, 1339

Relative humiditysurvival of R. meliloti, 207values during storage, 207

VOL. 50, 1985


Renibacterium salmoninarumcharcoal agar, 868fish disease, 868new growth medium, 868

Resistance to butanolC. acetobutylicum mutants

solvent production, 1238Rhizobia

ineffective alfalfa nodulesbean plant nodulation, 1422characterization as R. meliloti, 1422

recovery from tropical soils, 1553antifungal agents, 1553streptomycin, 1553yeast-mannitol agar, 1553

Rhizobium frediinif genes, 41nitrogen fixation, 41nodulation, 41soybeans, 41

Rhizobium japonicumbiopolymer gels, 108characterization

gel immunodiffusion, 1171immunofluorescence, 1171intrinsic antibiotic resistance, 1171

determination of hydrogenase activity,537

extracellular polysaccharidesisolation and partial characterization,

1219individual soybean nodules, 537lipopolysaccharides

isolation and partial characterization,1219

methylene blue reduction assay, 537rice field soil

alkali-producing rhizobia, 1171slow-growing rhizobia, 1171

soybean field soilacid-producing rhizobia, 1171fast-growing rhizobia, 1171

survival, 108symbiotic plasmid, 1219water activity, 108

Rhizobium leguminosarumplasmid pRL6JI, 791symbiotic nitrogen fixation, 791uptake hydrogenase activity, 791

Rhizobium melilotibiopolymer gels, 108drying rate, 207storage of different humidities, 207survival, 108survival rate, 207water activity, 108

Rhizobium phaseoli Oliviabiopolymer gels, 108survival, 108water activity, 108

Rhizobium sp.degradation, 717legume root hair cell wall, 717site of infection thread origin, 717

Rhizobium spp.autoclaved peat, 398diluted liquid cultures, 398inoculant production, 398plant effectiveness, 398sterility requirements, 398storage, 398

Rhizoctonia solanipopulation dynamics

reduction by L. arvalis, 1123sugar beet pathogen, 1123

R. melilotiformation of high number of nodules on

alfalfa, 1118nodule regulation, 1118strain 102F15, 1118strain 102F15 mutant (WLA150), 1118

Rootsadherence of bacteria, 392binding assay, 392colonization by bacteria, 392E. coli AB1157, 392Flavobacterium sp. strain MtCa-7, 392P. fluorescens E6-22, 392Pseudomonas sp. strain WD-13, 392S. marcescens QMB 1466, 392

Rotaviruseshuman

chlorine inactivation, 261drinking water, 261

simianchlorine inactivation, 261drinking water, 261

Rubbermicrobial degradation, 965natural vulcanizates, 965Nocardia sp. strain 835A, 965production of isoprene oligomers, 965

Rumenbacteria, 825Bermuda grass, 825degradation, 825orchard grass, 825

Rumen cellulolytic bacteriaR. flavefaciens

factors influencing survival, 1361nutrient starvation response, 1361survival capacity, 1361

Rumen microflorahigh-arctic svalbard reindeer, 144seasonal changes, 144

Rumen microorganismsamino acid deaminationNADH/NAD ratio, 1368reducing-equivalent disposal, 1368

guaiacoxyacetic acid production anddegradation, 1451

methanogenesis, 1368veratrylglycerol-p-guaiacyl ether degra-

dation, 1451Ruminococcus albusBermuda grass, 825degradation, 825orchard grass, 825

Ruminococcus flavefaciensBermuda grass, 825B. fibrisolvens, 356cellulolytic bacteria, 356degradation, 825energy intake, 356microbial numbers, 356nutrient starvation response, 1361orchard grass, 825partitioning of component digestibility,

356sheep hindguts, 356survival capacity, 1361

Saccharomyces bayanusethanol productionenhancement by soy flour supplemen-

tation, 1333

glycolytic enzyme polypeptides, 951S. cerevisiae, 951two-dimensional protein map, 951wine yeasts, 951

Saccharomyces cerevisiaebiopolymer gels, 1081,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, 685effect of carbon source, 257effect of pH, 257ethanol-induced growth inhibition, 685fermentation of inoculated wines, 727glycolytic enzyme polypeptides, 951growth, 727improvement by breeding program, 1064K. lactis killer toxin, 257methylglyoxal resistance gene


recovery, 685S. bayanus, 951spore conjugation, 1064strain Y5

presence of osmotic supports, 713survival during starvation, 713

survival, 108two-dimensional protein map, 951water activity, 108wine strain, 1064wine yeasts, 951

Saccharomyces diastaticuseffect of carbon source, 257effect of pH, 257K. lactis killer toxin, 257

Saccharomyces uvarum (carlsbergensis)effect of carbon source, 257effect of pH, 257K. lactis killer toxin, 257

Salmonellaeimmunoassays, 670rapid detection, 670titanous hydroxide as solid phase, 670

Salmonella montevideoC. freundii, 989E. coli, 989Israeli mirror carp, 989S. faecalis, 989Tilapia aurea (Saratherodon aureus),989

wastewater, 989Salmonella newportcomposted sewage sludge, 887growth, 887occurrence, 887suppression, 887

Salmonella sp.composted sewage sludge, 887growth, 887occurrence, 887suppression, 887

Salmonella typhimuriumC. elegans, 649composted sewage sludge, 887detoxification of hydrocarbon

1-nitropyrene, 649E. coli, 441fungal metabolism, 649growth, 887growth on granular activated carbon

effect of river water organisms, 1378K. pneumoniae, 441occurrence, 887

xxii SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xxiii

osmotic tolerance, 441proline overproduction, 441recombinant plasmid, 441suppression, 887

Salmonella typhimurium phage type 10etiologic agent of Salmonella food poi-

soning, 1279identification methods

antibiotic resistance typing, 1279biotyping, 1279phage typing, 1279plasmid and restriction endonuclease

analysis, 1279isolation from cheddar cheese, 1279

SaltC. botulinum

spore germination kinetics, 795strain Ba410, 795strain B-aphis, 795

SaltsE. coli, 38mercury resistance, transfer, 38pseudomonads, 38vibrios, 38

Seafoodcontamination by vibrios, 1388contamination with vibrios, 1548

Seawatercoastal lagoon, 426concentration of short-chain volatile

fatty acids, 1112incidence


influence of lake discharges, 426passive diffusion technique, 1112

Seawater, deep oceanmicrobial populations

effect of sewage outfalls, 1464Secretion

T. reesei Rut-C30subcellular fractionation, 1137

Sediment, deep oceanmicrobial populations

effect of sewage outfalls, 1464Sediments, freshwater

terminal carbon metabolismfall turnover, 1285

Sediments, marineVibrio spp. and A. hydrophilatemporal variation, 1490variation with sediment depth, 1490

Selective mediumrhizobium recovery from tropical soils

antifungal agents, 1553streptomycin, 1553yeast-mannitol agar, 1553

Selenomonas ruminantiumglutamine synthetase activity, 1014S. dextrinosolvens, 1014

Serotypeshydrobiologically dissimilar aquatic

environments, 724V. parahaemolytica isolates, 724

Serratia ficariapotatolike odor, 1048pyrazines, 1048strain 4024, 1048

Serratia marcescenscross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose

degradation, 634droplet enrichment factors, 482nonpigmented, 482

pigmented, 482prodigiosin, 482strain QMB 1466adherence to roots, 392binding assay, 392colonization of roots, 392E. coli AB1157, 392Flavobacterium sp. strain MtCa-7,

392P. fluorescens E6-22, 392Pseudomonas sp. strain WD-13, 392

toxic shock syndrome, 634Serratia odorifera

potatolike odor, 1048pyrazines, 1048strain 1073, 1048

Serratia rubidaeapotatolike odor, 1048pyrazines, 1048strain 393, 1048

Sesbania grandifloraG. fasciculatum, 701G. mosseae, 701inoculation of soil, 701vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,

701Sesbania rostrata

root nodulation, 732stem nodulation, 732

Severe combined immune deficiency, 1349Sewage

occurrence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria, 930

oxidation lagoons, 930Sewage effluent dischargedeep ocean outfalls

effect on seawater and sedimentmicrobiota, 1464

microbiology of surroundingsediment, 1464

Sewage sludgecomposts, 887facultatively anaerobic bacterium, 1052ferulate transformation


gas metabolism, 595growth, 887hydrogen-producing bacteria, 595lake sediments, 595methanogenic bacteria, 595occurrence, 887Salmonella spp., 887suppression, 887

Sewage sludge biomasscorrelation with microbial activity

effect of temperature, 1395Sewage sludge compostingcarbon dioxide evolution rate, 1526effect of temperature, 1526microbial activity-biomass correlation

effect of temperature, 1395physical and chemical parameters,

1395Shallow aquifers

characterization, 580microbial population, 580Oklahoma, 580subsurface bacteria, 580

Sheepcellulolytic bacteria, 356energy intake, 356hindguts, 356

microbial numbers, 356partitioning of component digestibility,

356Shellfish-associated human illness

Vibrio spp. and A. hydrophila, 1490V. vulnificus contamination of oystersdepuration and chilling, 1548

Shigella flexnerifoodborne strain M4243, 337recovery of tolerance to bile salts, 337sensitivity to bile salts, 337sublethal heat stress, 337

Shower headsaerosol production

L. pneumophila transmission, 1128Simonsiella spp.normal human mouths, 704statistical association with dietary com-

ponents, 704Sludge

enteroviruseseffect of season on isolation rates, 280frequency of isolation, 280frequency of occurrence, 280identification, 280

wastewater treatment plants, 280Sodium acid pyrophosphate

C. botulinum, 16inhibition

protease activity, 16toxicity, 16

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamidegel electrophoresisisoelectric focusing, 615P. solanacearum, 605purification of subunit, 605rapid characterization of pecticenzymes, 615

reassembly of fimbrial hemagglutinin,605

Soilbiphenyls, 1058B. thuringiensis

parasporal crystal survival, 1496spore survival, 1496

carbon mineralization, 454coniferous forest

autotrophic ammonium oxidation,1519

nitrogen oxide emission, 1519pH, 1519

forestnutrient cycling, 454plant-microbe associations, 454

G. fasciculatum, 701G. mosseae, 701inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular

mycorrhizal fungi, 701kinetics of metabolism, 1058polychlorinated biphenyls, 1058response of S. grandiflora, 701R. japonicum growth, 1171tropical

rhizobium recovery, 1553Soil aciditybean plant nodulation

rhizobia from ineffective alfalfanodules, 1422

Soil systemsaqueous systems, 1077biodegradation of

N-nitrosodimethylamine, 1077Solar saltern

VOL. 50, 1985


characterization, 140isolation, 140moderately halophilic methanogen

strain SF1, DSM 3243, 140trimethylamine, 140

Solid-state fermentationaspen wood, 133delignification, 133M. tremellosus, 133

Solid wastecomposts, 906identification of thermophilic bacteria,

906Solvent production

acetone, 477butanol, 477C. acetobutylicum

butanol-resistant mutants, 1238wild-type strains

C. acetobutylicum P262 mutants, 477ethanol, 477immobilization, 477

Sorbic aciddevelopment of tolerance, 919inhibitory effect, 919P. digitatum, 919P. italicum, 919

Soybean rhizobiarice field soil

acid production, 1171slow growth, 1171

soybean field soilacid production, 1171fast growth, 1171

Soybeansdetermination of hydrogenase activity,

537individual nodules, 537methylene blue reduction assay, 537nif genes, 41nitrogen fixation, 41nodulation, 41R. fredii, 41R. japonicum, 537

Soy flour supplementationS. bayanus fermentation

ethanol production, 1333Species diversity index

bacteria, 899effect of temperature, 899thermophilic solid-waste composting,

899Specific growth rates

[3H]adenine, 706measurement, 706microbial nucleic acid measurement,

70632P04, 706

Spheroplastsproduction, 721regeneration, 721T. ferrooxidans, 721transformation with plasmid, 721

Spirochetesbovine rumen, 212T. saccharmophilum PB

nutrition, 212physiology, 212ultrastructure, 212

Sporesacidic environments, 274alcohol activation, 249Bacillus spp.

heat resistance, 1414killing temperature, 1414specific mineralization, 1414

B. cereus, 274C. botulinum, 274

strain Ba410, 795strain B-aphis, 795

cell wall, 438C. perfringens, 249germination kinetics, 795heat activation, 249inhibition of germinant binding, 274injury by alcohol, 249role of streptomycin, 438salt, 795S. griseus, 438

Spores, B. thuringiensissurvival in soil

heat, 1496nutrient amendments, 1496pH, 1496soil dryness, 1496

SporulationB. larvae, 690broth medium, 690lamellae, 690ultrastructure, 690

Staib's Guizotia abyssinicaisolation

C. albicans, 548C. neoformans, 548

trypan blue, 548Staphylococcal enterotoxin A

processing, 696S. aureus, 696transport, 696

Staphylococcus aureuscross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose

degradation, 634electrochemical classification, 238enterotoxin A, 696processing, 696strain IID 671, 238toxic shock syndrome, 634transfection enhancement

fibronectin, 1315transport, 696

Staphylococcus epidermidiscross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose

degradation, 634electrochemical classification, 238strain ATCC 12228, 238toxic shock syndrome, 634

Staphylococcus epidermisadherence to plastic surfaces

agar overlay method, 1322Starvationmaintenance of mannitol uptake sys-

tems, 743marine bacteria


presence of osmotic supports, 713Pseudomonas sp., 743survival of S. cerevisiae Y5, 713Vibrio sp., 743

Sterile solutionsP. pickettii contamination, 1343

Storagedifferent relative humidities, 207R. meliloti

drying rate, 207survival rate, 207

Streamscompartmental contributions, 127pentachlorophenol, 127response of microflora, 127

Stream sedimentsactivity, 508bacterial biomass, 508dissolved organic matter, 508environmental variables, 508metabolic state, 508multiple assay comparisons, 508

Streptococcus agalactiaecross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose


Streptococcus boviselectrochemical classification, 238strain IID 676, 238

Streptococcus cremorisattack by lytic bacteriophages, 851B. subtilis, 94conjugal plasmid pTR2030, 851fermented milk product villi, 174immunochemical study, 174M12R transconjugants, 851proteinase


S. lactis, 94slime-forming, encapsulated variants,

174Triton X-100-soluble surface compo-

nents, 174Streptococcus durans

electrochemical classification, 238strain IID 677, 238

Streptococcus equinuselectrochemical classification, 238strain IID 680, 238

Streptococcus faecalisC. freundii, 989E. coli, 989Israeli mirror carp, 989S. montevideo, 989Tilapia aurea (Saratherodon aureus),989

wastewater, 989Streptococcus faecium


toxic shock syndrome, 634Streptococcus group G sp.


toxic shock syndrome, 634Streptococcus lactis

B. subtilis, 94, 540construction of vectors

cloning, 540promoter screening, 540terminator screening, 540

effect of Ca2l ions on plasmid transfor-mation, 1100

proteinasecloning, 94expression, 94

S. cremoris, 94S. lactis protoplasts, 1100

Streptococcus mitiselectrochemical classification, 238strain IID 685, 238

Streptococcus salivariuselectrochemical classification, 238

xxiv SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xxv

strain IID 5223, 238Streptococcus sanguis

electrochemical classification, 238strain IID 5224

Streptococcus thermophilusATP, 772ATP-dependent enzyme, 777galactokinase activity, 777galactose transport, 772plasmid DNA


role of exogenous energy source, 772Streptomyces chartreusis IMRU 3962

fermentationchartreusin production, 1192hydroheptin production, 1192

Streptomyces coelicolorB. alba, 1007E. coli, 1007high-pressure liquid chromatography,

1007molecular mass of bacterial genomicDNA, 1007

plasmid copy number, 1007Streptomyces griseus

bacterial oxidation by codeine, 831identification of transformation

products, 831role of streptomycin, 438spore cell wall, 438

Streptomycinchickens, 638effect on gram-negative enteric bacilli,

638rhizobium recovery, 1553role, 438S. griseus, 438spore cell wall, 438

StressC. sapidus, 420E. gracilis Z

tocopherol production, 1404incidence of bacteremia, 420

Stylosanthes guianensisroot nodulation, 733stem nodulation, 733

Sublethal heat stressbile salts

recovery of tolerance, 337sensitivity, 337

S. flexneri M4243, 337Substrate concentration

aerobic glucose metabolismyield coefficients, 1132

Substratesbacterial growthA. pullulans, 160A. viscosus, 160B. subtilis, 160R. arrhizus, 160X. campestris, 160

peat bogs, 160pressate, 160

Substrate utilizationattached iron-oxidizing bacteria, 460ferrous iron as energy source, 460growth kinetics, 460

Subsurface bacteriacharacterization, 580microbial population, 580Oklahoma, 580shallow aquifers, 580

Succinivibrio dextrinosolvensglutamine synthetase activity, 1014S. ruminantium, 1014

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)crown rot, 1123population dynamics, 1123

Sulfateinhibition experiments, 940methane oxidation, 940reduction, 940

Sulfate-reducing bacteriaanoxic estuarine sediment, 498cell envelope proteins, 31Desulfotomaculum spp., 31Desulfovibrio spp., 31outer membrane proteins, 31principal methylators of mercury, 498

Surfaceshydrophilic, 431hydrophobic, 431separate adhesion mechanisms, 431V. proteolytica, 431

Surface watergauze swabs, 611isolation of Campylobacter spp.membrane filters, 611

Swiss cheesefood poisoning outbreak, 1094isolation of histamine-producing

L. buchneri, 1094

Temperaturebacterial species diversity, 899E. coli, 38effect, 899mercury resistance, transfer, 38pseudomonads, 38thermophilic solid-waste composting,

899vibrios, 38

tert-Butylphenyl diphenyl phosphateC. elegans, 265metabolism, 265

Tetracyclinechickens, 638effect on gram-negative enteric bacilli,

638Thermomonospora fusca

genetic recombination, 693protoplasts, 693transformation, 693

ThermophilesThermus spp. from Yellowstone

National Parkcryptic plasmids, 1325

Thermophilic anaerobic biodegradation[14C]cellulose, 971['4C]lignin, 971[14C]lignocellulose, 971

Thermophilic anaerobic digestersbacterial lipid analysis


Thermophilic bacteriaidentification, 906solid-waste composting, 906

Thermus spp.Yellowstone National Park

cryptic plasmids, 1325Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

spheroplastsproduction, 721regeneration, 721

transformation with plasmid, 721Tibial dyschondroplasia

broiler chickens, 102F. roseum 'Graminearum,' 102TDP-1 mycotoxin, 102trichothecenes, 102

Tilapia aurea (Saratherodon aureus)Israeli mirror carp, 989reactions to microorganisms

C. freundii, 989E. coli B, 989S. faecalis, 989S. montevideo, 989

wastewater, 989Titanous hydroxide

detection of salmonellae, 670immunoassays, 670solid phase, 670

T-2 mycotoxinstability in aqueous media

effect of temperature, 1311HBSS, 1311tissue culture medium, 1311

Tocopherol (vitamin E)production in E. gracilis Z

low-temperature acclimation, 1404oxygen stress, 1404

Toilet flushingaerosol production, 1181virus recovery


Torulopsis glabratacross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose


ToxicityB. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 56B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin

stability to amino acid modification,11%

stability to chemical treatments, 11%C. botulinum, 16composition, 56inclusion, 56inhibition, 16sodium pyrophosphate, 16

Toxic shock syndromep-glucosidase, 634cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose

degradation, 634vaginal microbes, 634

ToxinsA. oryzae, 1087B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 984chemical transformation, 729control of mosquito larvae, 984cyclopiazonia acid-defective strains,

10878-endotoxin, 984eremofortin C, 729heterokaryosis, 1087K. lactis killer toxin, 257micro-lipid-droplet encapsidation, 984phenotypic expression, 257P. roqueforti, 729PR toxin, 729risk of inducing production, 1087S. cerevisiae, 257S. diastaticus, 257S. uvarum (carlsbergensis), 257

Transconjugantsattack by lytic bacteriophages, 851

VOL. 50, 1985


conjugal plasmid pTR2030, 851S. cremoris M12R, 851

TransfectionS. aureusenhancement by fibronectin, 1315

Transformationfacultatively anaerobic bacterium, 1052fermentative, 1052ferulate, 1052genetic recombination, 693oxidative, 1052products

bacterial oxidation by codeine, 831identification, 831S. griseus, 831

protoplasts, 693sewage sludge, 1052T. fusca, 693

TransportATP, 772galactose, 772role of exogenous energy source, 772S. thermophilus, 772

TransposonsE. chrysanthemi EC16, 894E. coli, 894export


single-site chromosomal Tn5 insertions,894

Treeselms, 807isolation of anaerobic cellulolytic

bacteria, 807maples, 807wetwood, 807

Treponema saccharophilum PBbovine rumen, 212nutrition, 212physiology, 212ultrastructure, 212

2,4,5-Trichloroanilinefreshwater lakeC02 production, 1177microbial processes, 1177photochemical processes, 1177

Trichoderma harzianumbutanediol production

cellulose, 924hemicellulose, 924

K. pneumoniae, 924sequential coculture, 924

Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30subcellular fractionation

cytosol, 1137heavy vesicles, 1137microsomes, 1137

Trichothecenesbrine shrimp assay, 656diacetoxyscirpenol, 656F. roseum 'Graminearum,' 102F. tricinctum NRRL 3299, 656HT-2 toxin, 656mammalian cells, 914M. roridum

7a-hydroxytrichodermol, 1225neosolaniol, 656physicochemical analysis, 656production, 656protein synthesis, 914T-2, 914TDP-1 mycotoxin, 102

treatment with C-3-modified analogs,914

T-2 tetraol, 914T-2 toxin, 656

Trimethylaminemoderately halophilic methanogen

characterization, 140isolation, 140

strain SF1, DSM 3243, 140Tropical rain forest watersheds

enumeration, 468fecal indicators

B. adolescentis, 468E. coli, 468

survival, 468Trypan blue

isolationC. albicans, 548C. neoformans, 548

Staib's G. abyssinica, 548T-2 tetraol

3'-hydroxy HT-2 toxin, 676rats, 676structures of deepoxytrichothecene me-

tabolites, 676T-2 toxin

esterase inhibitors, 115modification of metabolism, 115

Two-dimensional protein mapglycolytic enzyme polypeptides, 951S. bayanus, 951S. cerevisiae, 951wine yeasts, 951

Upper respiratory tractsK. pneumoniae, 163microbial incidence, paper industry, 163

Uptake activityhydrogenase, 791plasmid pRL6JI, 791R. leguminosarum, 791symbiotic nitrogen fixation, 791

Uraniumremoval from coal

bacterial leaching, 1296cyanobacterium LPP OL3, 1296

Urocanic acidlow-temperature production, 546mahimahi (C. hippurus), 546spoilage bacteria, 546

VectorsB. subtilis, 540construction

cloning, 540promoter screening, 540terminator screening, 540

S. lactis, 540Vegetative cell of B. thuringiensis

survival in soil, 1496Venezuela

equine encephalomyelitis virus, 882liquid-phase study, 882ozone inactivation, 882

Veratrylglycerol-3-guaiacyl etherrumen microorganisms

anaerobic degradation, 1451yeast extract medium, 1451

Vibrio alginolyticusseafood contamination, 1388taxonomic characteristicscomparison with V.

parahaemolyticus, 1388

geographic determinants, 1388Indonesian marine samples, 1388

Vibrio choleraecoastal lagoon, 426incidence, 426influence of lake discharges, 426related vibrios, 426seawater, 426

Vibrionaceaebiochemical activities, 781habitat segregation, 781marine bacteria, 781

Vibrio parahaemolyticushydrobiologically dissimilar aquatic

environments, 724isolates, 724seafood contamination, 1388serotypes, 724taxonomic characteristicscomparison with V. alginolyticus,

1388geographic determinants, 1388Indonesian marine samples, 1388

Vibrio proteolyticahydrophilic surfaces, 431hydrophobic surfaces, 431separate adhesion mechanisms, 431

Vibrio spp.distribution

Indonesian marine samples, 1388estuarine sediments

temporal variation, 1490variation with salinity, 1490variation with sediment depth, 1490

mannitol uptake systems, 743marine bacteria, 743Pseudomonas sp., 743public health implications

seafood contamination, 1388starvation, 743

Vibrio vulnificusseawatershellfish-associated human illness, 1548uptake and clearance from oysters

temporal variation, 1548Villifermented milk product, 174S. cremorisimmunochemical study, 174slime-forming, encapsulated variants,

174Triton X-100-soluble surface compo-

nents, 174Viral complexes

cell cultures, 523membrane association, 523negative-stain electron microscopy, 523stools, 523

Viricidal effectiveness (f2 virus)chlorate, 1162chlorine dioxide, 1162chlorite, 1162

Virulencechanges, 412chlorine injury, 412waterborne enteropathogens, 412

Virusesconcentration

modified cellulose filters, 1502water pH, 1502

detection and enumerationimmunoperoxidase method, 1308

detection in aerosols

xxvi SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xxvii


equine encephalomyelitis virus, 882inactivation, 1144liquid-phase study, 882ozone inactivation, 882survival in fresh water

adhesion, 1144contamination, 1144freezing, 1144

Venezuela, 882Vitamin E (tocopherols)

production in E. gracilis Zlow-temperature acclimation, 1404oxygen stress, 1404

Volatile fatty acidspassive diffusion technique for concen-

tration, 1112seawater, 1112short chain, 1112

Wastewaterbiofilm bacteria

aspartate transport system, 120reactor turbulence, 120

Israeli mirror carp, 989reactions of fish to microorganisms

C. freundii, 989E. coli, 989S. faecalis, 989S. montevideo, 989

Tilapia aurea (Saratherodon aureus),989

Wastewater treatment plantsenteroviruses

effect of season on isolation rates, 280frequency of isolation, 280frequency of occurrence, 280identification, 280

sludge, 280Water

fecal coliformslipoic acid reduction, 1208potentiometric measurement, 1208

Giardia cystsdetection and identification, 1434waterborne disease, 1434

hepatitis A virusconcentration methods, 1457filtration, 1457transmission, 1457

human enteric virusesdetection and enumeration, 1308

reservoirC. raciborskii isolation, 1292

virus concentrationmodified cellulose filters, 1502water pH, 1502

virus inactivationmethods of measurement, 1144

Water activitybiopolymer gels, 108survival

bacteria, 108fungi, 108

Waterborne virusesconcentration on cellulose filters, 1502

Water distribution systemsdysgonic, heterotrophic bacteriataxonomic characterization method,

1213

Wetwoodisolation of anaerobic cellulolytic

bacteria, 807living trees

elms, 807maples, 807

Wheatbaking, 482cleaning, 482deoxynivalenol, 482F. graminearum, 482milling, 482

Whey broth productionX. campestris

lactose utilization, 1483whey fermentation, 1483

WinesAustralia, 872bacteriophages


fermentation, 727growth of natural yeast flora, 727improvement by breeding program, 1064L. oenos, 872

biochemical properties, 680characterization, 680decomposition of malic acid, 680

Oregon, 680S. cerevisiae, 1064

Wolinella succinogenescharacteristics, 304degradation of benzenoids, 304isolation, 304strain P-2, 304strain PA-1, 304

Xanthomonas campestrishigh-viscosity whey broth production,

1483lactose utilization, 1483whey fermentation, 1483

X-ray microanalysisindividual bacterial cells


Xylanactivity, 1068C. acetobutylicum, 1068endoglucanase activity, 1068larch wood, 1068

Xylobolus frustulatusaspen wood blocks, 568selective delignification, 568

Yeast-mannitol agarrhizobium recovery, 1553

Yeastsantimicrobial activity

effect of pH, 1330identification, 1330methylene blue in culture, 1330

C. colliculosa, 727C. pulcherrima, 727C. stellata, 727fermentation of ?-xylose to ethanol

optimal conditions, 1486fermentation of inoculated wines, 727glycolytic enzyme polypeptides, 951growth, 727

H. anomala, 727improvement by breeding program, 1064isolation and screening, 1486K. apiculata, 727methylglyoxal resistance gene


nutritional profiles, 1486S. bayanus, 951S. cerevisiae, 727, 951, 1064two-dimensional protein map, 951wine, 951wine strain, 1064

Yellow blotch diseasehumidity-symptom correlation, 1535Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom),

1535Pseudomonas agarici, 1535

Yellowstone National ParkThermus spp. isolation

cryptic plasmids, 1325Yersinia enterocoliticacopper-induced injury, 406direct isolation, 710foods in France, 763growth on granular activated carbon

effect of river water organisms, 1378isolation, 763meat, 710reduced virulence, 406related species

Y. frederiksenii, 763Y. intermedia, 763Y. kristensenii, 763

Y. pseudotuberculosis, 710Yersinia frederikseniifoods in France, 763isolation, 763Y. enterocolitica, 763Y. intermedia, 763Y. kristensenii, 763

Yersinia intermediafoods in France, 763isolation, 763Y. enterocolitica, 763Y. frederiksenii, 763Y. kristensenii, 763

Yersinia kristenseniifoods in France, 763isolation, 763Y. enterocolitica, 763Y. frederiksenii, 763Y. intermedia, 763

Yersinia pseudotuberculosisdirect isolation, 710meat, 710Y. enterocolitica, 710

Yield coefficientsheterogeneous bacterial mixture

cell density, 1132glucose metabolism, 1132substrate concentration, 1132

Zearalenonehuman lymphocyte blastogenesis inhibi-

tion, 1304indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent

assay, 332mycotoxins, 332

Zooplanktonfish predation, 187grazing on freshwater bacteria, 187

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