apply its_middle school physical science - mastery assess it_1

10/20/2016 Apply Its_Middle School Physical Science Mastery Assess It_1

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Mastery Assess It 1

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1. When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a

a. liquid.

b. molecule.

c. mixture.

d. compound.

© Copyright 2016. Lincoln Learning Solutions. All rights reserved Author: Lincoln Learning Solutions



2. On the periodic table below, which two elements have the same number of valence electrons?

a. V and Cr Incorrect. V and Cr are not in the same column, or group, and therefore will not have the same number of valence electrons. b. Ni and Cu

Incorrect. Ni and Cu are not in the same column, or group, and therefore will not have the same number of valence electrons. c. Fe and Co

Incorrect. Fe and Co are not in the same column, or group, and therefore will not have the same number of valence electrons. d. Fe and Ru

Correct! Elements in the same column will have the same number of valence electrons.

3. The electron cloud model is best explained by which of the following descriptions?

a. Electrons are extremely small. Any particle that interacts with an electron causes it to change direction and speed. This concept, although interesting, doesn't explain electron cloud theory.

b. Because electrons are in constant motion and their distance from the nucleus is constantly changing, the model of the atom became known asindefinite boundaries rather than set lines. Correct! This is the best description of electron cloud theory.c. The orbit of an electron could be circular or elliptical. Electrons swing back and forth through the nucleus in a straight line.

Great effort, but this is an inaccurate description of electron cloud theory.

d. The neutron has no charge at all. It is about the same mass as the positively charged proton. This explained why atoms were heavier than the totalmass of protons and electrons combined. Great effort, but this concept has nothing to do with electrons.



4. A student took notes by drawing diagrams during science class.

Which of these sets of labels would correctly identify the diagrams in the pictures above?

a. Picture 1: atomPicture 2: molecule

b. Picture 1: animal cellPicture 2: plant cell

c. Picture 1: compoundPicture 2: element

d. Picture 1: mixturePicture 2: solution

5. Which is a compound?

a.

b.

c.

d.

6. Which is true about the Lewis dot diagram of ?

a. If you move the O electrons a little to the right, the O atom will become unstable. Great effort, but can molecular bonds differ from molecule to molecule?b. C will share electrons with O.

Correct! C and O will form a covalent bond and share electrons!c. If you move the O electrons a little to the left, the O atom will become unstable.

Great effort, but can molecular bonds differ from molecule to molecule?d. Valence electrons cannot be shared.

Great effort, but can molecular bonds differ from molecule to molecule?

7. The image shows two processes.

Which statement BEST compares the processes?

a. Process 1 forms a new molecule, and Process 2 forms a new atom.

b. Process 1 forms a new atom, and Process 2 forms a new molecule.

c. They both form a new atom.

d. They both form a new molecule.



8. When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms

a. ions.

b. protons.

c. atoms.

d. compounds.

9. Look at the element Fe on the periodic table below. What information is false?

a. Its atomic number is 26. Great effort, but this is true. Take another look at the element on the periodic table and determine which choice is false.b. Fe has the same amount of orbital rings as Ru.

You are correct! This is false because Fe and Ru are in different horizontal rows or "periods."c. Fe has 26 protons in its nucleus.

Great effort, but this is true. Take another look at the element on the periodic table and determine which choice is false.d. Its atomic mass is 55.845.

Great effort, but this is true. Take another look at the element on the periodic table and determine which choice is false.



10. Which of the following is false about atoms?

a. Atoms attach to elements with a different number of electrons to form molecules. You are correct! This is a false statement about elements!b. Atoms attach to elements with a different number of protons to form molecules.

Great effort, but this is a true fact about elements. Which is false?c. Atoms attach to other atoms to form molecules if they have the same number of protons in their nucleus.

Great effort, but this is a true fact about elements. Which is false?d. Atoms attach to other atoms to form elements.

Great effort, but this is a true fact about elements. Which is false?

11. What is formed when two or more atoms are joined together chemically?

a. Molecule You are correct! A molecule is formed when two or more atoms are chemically bonded!b. Atom

Great effort, but an atom is no longer an atom when it binds to another atom. c. Element

Great effort, but an element is made of atoms of one type only. Some can join chemically (diatomic molecules) but most do not.d. Neutron

Great effort, but a neutron is part of an atom, not a combination of atoms.

12. What is the best definition of an ionic bond?

a. A mutual attraction between two atoms which shifts electrons in their outermost orbital. Great effort, but this definition is confusing and not completely accurate.b. Atoms that share valence electrons.

Great effort, but the sharing of valence electrons indicates a covalent bond.c. Two atoms of opposite charges form a bond.

You are Correct! Ions of opposite charges will attract each other and form an ionic bond!d. Two or more atoms bonded together.

Great effort, but if the type of bond is not specified, we cannot assume it is ionic.

13. Which of the following pure substances would be considered both a molecule and a compound?

a.

Great effort, but two atoms of Oxygen would be considered a molecule, but not a compound because only one type of atom makes up the molecule.

b.

You are correct! Water is both a molecule and a compound, because it is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen!

c.

Great effort, but one atom of Carbon is an example of an element. Molecules and compounds are comprised of two or more atoms.

d.

Great effort, but one atom of Sodium is an example of an element. Molecules and compounds are comprised of two or more atoms.

14. Which of the following would NOT be a science course that a food scientist would take in college?

a. Geology

You are correct! Geology, or the study of the composition of earth is not a course that would be considered important for a food scientist to take incollege.

b. Microbiology

Great effort, but Microbiology is the study of very small living organisms, such as the bacteria that lives in our bodies and in food. This would be animportant course for a food scientist to take in college.

c. Chemistry Great effort, but Chemistry is the study what makes up substances, which would be an important course for a food scientist to take in college.d. Biology

Great effort, but Biology is the study of life, and since food is important to any living organism, this would be a course that a food scientist wouldwant to take in college.



15. How do the elements found on Earth relate to the elements found on Saturn?

a. The elements on Saturn are ten times smaller than the elements found on Earth. Great effort, but elements do not change size when they are subjected to more gravity.b. The elements on Saturn are ten times bigger than the elements found on Earth.

Great effort, but do elements change size when they are subjected to more gravity? Do elements change size when they are subjected to moregravity?

c. The element's properties are the same on Saturn as they are on Earth.

Correct! Elements are the same no matter where they are located in space. However, the amount of gravity changes, so the weight of the elementchanges depending on where it is located.

d. The elements on Saturn are five times larger than the elements found on Earth. Great effort, but the size of elements is always constant.

16. Which scientists are responsible for explaining that not only do electrons travel in certain orbits, but the orbits have different shapes and tilt inthe presence of magnetic fields?

a. Ernest Rutherford Great effort, but Rutherford was not responsible for this theory it was a theory developed by BohrSommerfeld.b. J.J. Thomson

Great effort, but JJ Thompson was not responsible for this theory it was a theory developed by BohrSommerfeld.c. BohrSommerfeld

You are correct! This was a theory proposed by BohrSommerfeld!d. John Dalton

Great effort, but Dalton was not responsible for this theory it was a theory developed by BohrSommerfeld.

17. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed in a chemical reaction between sodium (Na) and chlorine ( ). What is sodium chloride?

a. a mixture

b. an atom

c. an element

d. a compound

18. Which of the following is NOT part of an atom?

a. atomic number Correct! The atomic number is not part of the atom!b. neutron

Incorrect. A nuetron is one of the three subatomic particles that are considered to be parts of an atom.

c. electron Incorrect. A electron is one of the three subatomic particles that are considered to be parts of an atom. d. proton

Incorrect. A proton is one of the three subatomic particles that are considered to be parts of an atom.

19. Yarn is a material that is made up of smaller parts. Which of the following is also made up of smaller parts?

a. salt crystal This substance is made up of parts, but is it the only one?b. leaf

This substance is made up of parts, but is it the only one?c. coffee ground

This substance is made up of parts, but is it the only one?d. all are correct

Correct! All of these substances are made of parts!

20. Rust is a compound with the formula Which elements combine to form rust?

a. iron and air

b. iron and acid

c. iron and water

d. iron and oxygen



21. Choose the answer that is not a molecular bond.

a.

Great effort, but carbon dioxide is one carbon atom bonded with two oxygen atoms.

b.

You are correct! Oxygen is by itself, and has not bonded with anything else.

c.

Great effort, but water is two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom.

d.

Great effort, but table salt is one sodium atom chemically bonded with one chlorine atom.

22. When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?

a. an element

b. a new form of matter

c. a compound

d. a mixture

23. When are atoms the most stable?

a. When their two innermost orbital of electrons are completely filled. Great effort, but in order to make an atom stable, the outer shell must be full.b. When their innermost orbital of electrons is completely filled.

Great effort, but in order to make an atom stable, the outer shell must be full.c. When their outermost orbital of electrons is mostly filled.

Great effort, but in order to make an atom stable, the outer shell must be full.d. When their outermost orbital of electrons is filled.

Correct! The outermost orbital needs to be completely filled with electrons to become stable.

24.

25. The model shows a molecule of silk made by a spider.

What does each sphere in the molecular model represent?

a. an atom

b. an ion

c. a compound

d. a nucleus



26. Why is air considered a mixture and not a compound?

a. because air is comprised of only one type of gas Great effort, but air is comprised of many different gasses.b. because air is made up of different types of gasses like Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen

Great effort, and while this is true, it is the fact that these different gasses are not chemically bound that makes air a mixture. c. because air is considered to be a pure substance

Great effort, but air is not a pure substance because it contains numerous substances that are not chemically bound together. d. because air is a combination of two or more compounds that are not chemically bound together

You are correct! Air is indeed comprised of many different gasses and other substances that are not chemically bound.

27. How are groups of elements organized on the periodic table?

a. The elements are organized from left to right. Great effort, but elements organized from left to right are called "periods" in the Periodic Table of Elements!b. Groups are organized diagonally.

Great effort, but groups of elements are arranged in vertical columns. c. Groups are organized in vertical columns, up and down.

You are correct! Groups are vertical columns of elements!d. Groups are organized based on physical and chemical properties.

Great effort, but elements that are organized according to similar physical and physical properties are called "families" in the Periodic Table ofElements!

28. Which prefix is correct?

a. ten atoms = milli Great effort, but milli is a prefix that refers to one thousandth. b. one atom = deci

Great effort, but deci refers to one tenth. c. eight atoms = octa

Correct! Octa = 8.d. six atoms = tri

Great effort, but tri means three.

29. Which statement is false about atoms described by the Greek philosopher Democritus?

a. Atoms are built from small particles, which would eventually be broken down at an infinite rate. You are correct! This is not a theory of Democritus!b. He asked, "Is there a limit to the number of times matter could be divided?"

Great effort, but this is a theory of Democritus.c. Atoms are solid spheres with no moving parts that are made of the same material, but different shapes and sizes.

Great effort, but this is a theory of Democritus.d. Atoms are unable to be cut.

Great effort, but this is a theory of Democritus.

30. When documenting experimental results, an abstract should contain: Please mark all correct answers.

a. the hypothesis You are correct! An abstract should contain a hypothesis, the purpose of the experiment and a general statement statement of the procedure.b. a general statement of the procedure

You are correct! An abstract should indeed contain a hypothesis, the purpose of the experiment and a general statement statement of the procedure.c. a materials list and detailed procedures

Great effort, but a hypothesis, the purpose of the experiment and a general statement statement of the procedure are the items that should beincluded.

d. purpose of the lab You are correct! An abstract should contain a hypothesis, the purpose of the experiment and a general statement statement of the procedure.



31. Which chemical formula symbolizes copper sulfate?

a.

Great effort, but this is the chemical formula for Carbon Dioxide.

b.

You are correct! Copper Sulfate consists of one copper atom, one sulfur atom, and 4 oxygen atoms!

c.

Great effort, but this is the chemical formula for Sodium Oxide.

d.

Great effort, but this is the chemical formula for water.

32. The atomic number on the periodic table of a given element is identical to which of the following?

a. Electrons Great effort, but the number of electrons can be different. This is how ions are formed (losing or gaining electrons).b. Protons

Correct! Protons = atomic number!c. Atomic mass

Great effort, but the atomic mass is the combined mass of all particles in the atom.d. Neutrons

Great effort, but atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons. These are known as isotopes.

33. Which is a chemical compound?

a. carbon14

b. carbonated water

c. aluminum

d. sodium chloride

34. What is radioactive decay?

a. When an isotope picks up extra neutrons and changes the atomic mass. Great effort, but decay means that something is breaking down. Radioactive means that it is releasing energy in the form of radiation.b. Very small pieces of an atom

Great effort, but decay means that something is breaking down. Radioactive means that it is releasing energy in the form of radiation.c. An unstable atom loses radiation

You are correct! Decay means that something is breaking down. Radioactive means that it is releasing energy in the form of radiation.d. An atom with an equal number of electrons, neutrons, and protons.

Great effort, but decay means that something is breaking down. Radioactive means that it is releasing energy in the form of radiation.

35. Which of the statements is true?

a. Atoms have electrons surrounding its nucleus Correct! The electrons orbit around the nucleus of the atom!b. The nucleus of an atom contains a proton and an electron

Great effort, but what particles are in the nucleus? One of these is not.c. Atoms are solid spheres

Great effort, but atoms are mostly made of open space.d. An atom does not contain a nucleus

Great effort, but atoms contain nuclei.

36. Calcium carbonate is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more

a. solids.

b. molecules.

c. elements.

d. gases.



37. Which of the following is the best description of an element?

a. Elements are earth, water, fire, and air.

Great effort, but this is the old world view of elements. Scientists have proven that earth, water, fire, and air are not elements, but combinations ofelements, molecules, compounds and mixtures.

b. Elements are the building blocs of life and can be broken down into molecules and compounds. Great effort, but cells are the building blocks of life, and they cannot be broken down into simpler forms.c. Elements are single atoms that make up all matter and cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means.

You are correct! Elements are made of single atoms that cannot be broken down further by either physical or chemical means!d. Elements make up molecules, compounds, and the basic forms of all life that can be broken down in to subatomic particles.

Great effort, and while it is true that elements make up molecules and compounds, they cannot be broken down into subatomic particles.

38. Choose the answer that best describes how a negatively charged particle might travel.

a. It might remain perfectly still. Great effort, but electrons are never still.b. It might travel and float like a cloud.

You are correct! Electrons travel in orbitals, or clouds, around the nucleus!c. It might remain inside of the nucleus.

Great effort, but electrons are not located in the nucleus. Protons and neutrons are.d. It might travel in a straight line inside of the nucleus.

Great effort, but electrons do not orbit the nucleus of an atom in a straight line.

apply its_middle school physical science - mastery assess it_1

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